Download PGIMER (Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh) 2020 May FM Solved Question Paper
except:
PGI14
a)PassiveeuthanasiaislegalinIndia
b)ActiveeuthanasiaisallowedintheUK
c)PhysicianassistedsuicideislegalinsomeStatesoftheUS
d)ActiveeuthanasiaislegalinNetherlandsandBelgium
e)None
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.(B)ActiveeuthanasiaisallowedintheUK
2.Numberofpermanentteethat8years:
a)6
b)8
c)12
d)16
e)None
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans.C.12
Tooth
Lateralincisor
Eruption
(upper)
7to9months
Lateralincisor
(lower)
10-12months
Firstmolar
12to14months
Canine
17to18months
Secondmolar
20to30months
Tooth
Eruption
Firstmolar
6to7years
Centralincisor 6to8years
Lateralincisor 7to9years
Firstbicuspid 9to11years
Second
bicuspid
10to12years
Canine
11to12years
Secondmolar 12to14years
17to25years(17-
Thirdmolar
21inParikh6th/2.7)
3.Trueaboutrigormortisareall,
except:
FMGE08
a)Seenimmediatelyafterdeath
b)Itlast18-36hinsummer
c)Itdisappearsinthesequenceasitappears
d)Itlast24-48hinwinter
e)None
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.Seenimmediatelyafterdeath
4.Dirtcollarorgreasecollarisseenin:
NEET13
a)Puncturedwoundbysharpweapon
b)Laceratedwound
c)Firearmentrywound
d)Stabwound
e)None
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans.Firearmentrywound
Smudgering/Leadring/Greasecollar/Dirtcollar
Thisisduetothewipeofthesoftmetalofthebullet,ordirtpresent
onit,orgreasecarriedfromthebarrel&isdepositedroundthe
entrancewoundinternaltotheabradedcollar
Thesmudgeringmaythereforebeabsentwhenthejacketedbullet
haspassedthroughclothing
Thesmudgingincaseofleadshotorunjacketedbulletscan
bedetectedmicrochemicallyonthetarget(skin/cloth)
Theforensicvalueofbulletwipeistoestablishaholeasabullet
hole,todeterminetheentrysite,&onoccasionthesequenceof
shotsorbullet'spassagethroughmultipleobjects.
5.Doctorsroleinnotingdyingdeclarationis
to?
a)Ascertaincomposmentis
b)Callthemagistrate
c)Elicitinformationbyleadingquestions
d)Asktheinvestiatingmedialofficertobethere
e)None
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Ascertaincomposmentis
Dyingdeclaration
Itisthewrittenorverbalstatementmadebyapersonlikelytodie
becauseofsomeunnaturalactdoneonhisbody,naratingthe
circumstancesortheconditionsresponsibleforhispresentstateof
healthorthecauseandmanneroflikelyunnaturaldeath.
Ideallydyingdeclarationshouldberecordedbyexecutiveor
honorarymagistrate,butcanalsoberecordedbydoctor,village
headman,policeoranyotherperson,ifthereisnotimetocalla
magistrate.Doctorhastocertifythepatienttobecomposmentis
(soundmind).Itisrecordedinpresenceoftwodisinterested
witnesses.Relativesandpoliceofficersarenotallowedtobe
present.Nooathisadministered.
Itcarrieslessweightthandyingdepositionasnocross-examination
ispossible.Ifthepatientdoesnotdieaftertherecordingof
declaration,thedyingdeclarationlosesitsimportancesicenowhe
canbecalledtothecourtandhisevidencecanberecordedafter
cross-examination.
6.Punishmentforinsultingthemodestyofa
womancomesunder?
a)IPC354
b)IPC375
c)IPC376
d)IPC506
e)IPC509
CorrectAnswer-A:E
Ans.is'a'i.e.,IPC354&`e'i.e.,IPC509[RefReddy30/ep.377;
https://indiankanoon.org]
IPC354.Assaultorcriminalforcetowomanwithintenttooutrage
hermodesty.--Whoeverassaultsorusescriminalforcetoany
woman,intendingtooutrageorknowingittobelikelythathewill
therebyoutragehermodesty,shallbepunishedwithimprisonment
ofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,or
withfine,orwithboth.
IPC509:Word,gestureoractintendedtoinsultthemodestyofa
woman.--Whoever,intendingtoinsultthemodestyofanywoman,
uttersanyword,makesanysoundorgesture,orexhibitsanyobject,
intendingthatsuchwordorsoundshallbeheard,orthatsuch
gestureorobjectshallbeseen,bysuchwoman,orintrudesupon
theprivacyofsuchwoman,shallbepunishedwithsimple
imprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendtothreeyear,orwithfine,
orwithboth.
IPC504.Intentionalinsultwithintenttoprovokebreachofthe
peace.
IPC506.Punishmentforcriminalintimidation/
7.Trueaboutpugilisticattitude?
a)Indicateonlyantimortemburn
b)Indicateonlypostmortemburn
c)Cannotdifferentiatebetweenantemortem&postmortemburn
d)Occurduetointenseheat
e)Indicatedefencebyvictimduringantemortemdeath
CorrectAnswer-C:D
Ans.is'c'i.e.,Cannotdifferentiatebetweenantemortem&
postmortemburn&'d'i.e.,Occurduetointenseheat[Ref
Parikh6thlep.4.156-4.157;Reddy32"dlep.307]
Inbodyexposedtoextensiveheat(>650C),thereresultsstiffening
andflexionofalljointsandclawingoffingers,knownas`Pugilisticor
boxer'sordefenseposture',duetodenaturationandcoagulationof
proteins.
Contractionofparanasalsinusescausesmarkedophisthotonus.
However,heatstiffeningispermanent(unlikerigormortiswhich
passesoffafterfewhours)
Itisindicativeofexposuretointenseheat.
Itcanbemistakenforapre-deathattempttoshieldoneself
attacker.
Thisphenomenonoccursbothinantemortemandpostmortem
burns.Sodifficulttodifferentiatebetweenthetwo.
8.BALisusedasanantidoteinthepoisoning
of?
a)Arsenic
b)Cadmium
c)Mercury
d)Lead
e)Iron
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Arsenic;'c'i.e.,Mercury&'d'i.e.,Lead[Ref:KDT
7thiep.395;Katzung12th/ep.398,1033]
Chelatingagentsareusedinheavymetalpoisoning.Theyform
complexwithmetalwhichismoresolubleinwaterthanthemetal
itself,resultinginhigherrenalexcretionofcomplex.
Dimercaprol(BAL)isusedinpoisoningbygold(Au),copper
(Cu),bismoth(Bi),nickel(Ni),arsenic(As),antimony(Sb)
andmercury(Hg).
Itisusedasadjuvanttocalciumdisodiumedetateinleadpoisoning
andadjuvanttopenicillamineincopperpoisoning(orwilson's
disease).
Penicillamineisthedrugofchoiceforcopperpoisoningand
wilson'sdisease.ItisalsousedasanadjuvanttoCaNa2,EDTAin
leadpoisoningandtoBALinmercurypoisoning.
9.Sinneedleusedtokillanimalsismadeof?
a)Dhaturaseeds
b)Rattiseeds
c)Leadperoxide
d)Arsenic
e)Strychnine
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.is'b'i.e.,Rattiseeds[RefInternet]
Inthefolkmedicine,seedsaregroundintopasteandmadeinto
needleswhichareinsertedundertheskinoftheanimal.Thusthe
animalwillbepoisonedforobtainingtheskin.
Similarneedleshavealsobeenusedtoproducecriminalabortion"
Abrusprecatorius,knownasIndianlicorice,rattiorgunjaisa
slender,twining,climbingplant,woodyatbaseandisfoundallover
theIndia.Allthepartsofthisplantarepoisonous.
Seedswereusedonlyaftertheyhavebeenboiledincow'smilkfor3
hours.Theherbwasusedforsciatica,stiffnessofshoulderjoint,for
baldness,dandruffandotherhairdiseases,forerysipelasand
obstinateskindiseases.
10.Miosisiscausedby?
a)Carbamates
b)Organophosphorus
c)Aconite
d)Dhatura
e)Cyanide
CorrectAnswer-A:B
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Carbamates&'b'i.e.,Organophosphorus[Ref:
Essentialsofforensicmedicine-786;Reddy33'/ep.619]
Poisoningcausingmiosis(constrictionofpupil):Carbolicacid
(phenol),chloralhydrate,chloroform,barbiturates(slightly
contractedandreactingtolight),organophosphates,
carbamates,opioids(morphine),mushroompoisoning,
nitrobenzene.
Poisoningcausingmydriasis(dilatationofpupil):Dhatura(atropine
orbelladona),alcohol(MaEwan'ssign),aconite,nuxvomica,ether,
vipervenom,cyanide,cocaine,chloroform,calatropis,pethidineand
bariumcarbonate
11.Bolamtestisrelatedto?
a)Medicalnegligence
b)Contributorynegligence
c)Priviledgedcommunication
d)Negligencebypatient
e)Professionalmiscunduct
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Medicalnegligence[Ref
http://medind.nic.in/jal/t07/0/jalt07i1p7.pdf]
ThejudgmentgivenbyMr.JusticeMcNairinBolamvs.Frienhos
,italmanagementcommittee(19511ISalandmarkdecisionin
decidingcasesofmedicalnegligenceandisknownasthe"Bolam
test.
Actionsofdoctorsaretobejudgedbyactionsofotherdoctors
skilledinthatparticularartundersimilarcircumstancesandata
materialtime.
12.Apatientwitharecenthistoryof
convulsions,presentedtoemergencyin
subconsciousstatewithbloodpressure
60/90mm/Hg,bradycardia&slowgasping
respiration.Thereisincreased
lacrimation,salivation&sweating.On
examinationthereispinpointpupil.
Whichofthefollowingpoisoningshould
besuspected?
a)Opioids
b)Phenobarbitone
c)Organophosphorus
d)Dhatura
e)Strychinine
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans.is'c'i.e.,Organophosphorus[RefParikh6Th/ep.10.43;
Reddy33`d%p.5231
Organophosphoruspoisoningcompoundsareirreversibleinhibitors
ofenzymecholinesterase,anenzymewhichhydrolyzes
acetylcholine.
Thusorganophosphatesinhibitcholinesteraseandprotect
acetylcholinefromhydrolysis.Thisresultsinincreasedconcentration
ofacetylcholineandexcessivecholinergicactivity.
Theyinhibitcholinesterasebyphosphorylatingthecatalyticsiteof
enzyme.Lessthan50%ofcholinesteraseactivityisindicativeof
poisoning.
Clinicalfeaturesofpoisoningareduetoexcessivecholinergic
activity.Localmuscarinicmanifestationsatthesiteofexposure
(skin,eye,GIT)occurimmediatelyandarefollowedbycomplex,
systemiceffectsduetomuscarinic,nicotinicandcentralactions
13.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect
aboutpostmortemchanges?
a)Post-mortemlividityfixesat6-8hours
b)RigormortisoccurswhenATPsdecreaseupto85%ofnormal
c)Rigormortisisdelayedincholeraandstrychninepoisoning
d)Cadavericspasmisinstantaneousatthetimeofdeath
e)Postmortemcaloricityoccursafter5-6hoursofdeath
CorrectAnswer-C:E
Ans.is'c'i.e.,Rigormortisisdelayedincholeraandstrychnine
poisoning&`e'i.e.,Postmortemcaloricityoccursafter5-6
hoursofdeath[RefReddy30th/ep.137-148]
Postmortemcaloricity:-Normally,temperaturefallsafterdeath.But
insomesituations,forinitial2-3hoursthedeadbodymaygainheat,
i.e.postmortemcaloricity
After6-12hours,lividityisfullydevelopedandfixed(unchangeable),
i.e.primarylividity.Itendswhenputrificationsetsin.Fixationof
lividityisduetostagnationofbloodindistendedcapillariesand
venules(notduetocoagulationofblood)
RigormortisoccurswhenthereisdecreaseinATPupto15%(or
85%ofnormal).
Cadavericspasm(instantaneousrigororcatalepticrigidity)
Instantaneousrigorisdefinedastheconditionwhereinagroupof
muscles,whichwereincontractedstateatthetimeofdeath,
continuetobeinspasmafterdeath,withoutthestageofprimary
relaxation.Therefore,thisstagepreservestheattitudeoftheperson
atthetimeofdeath.
14.CephalicindexinIndianpopulationis?
a)60-70
b)70-75
c)75-80
d)80-85
e)85-90
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.is'b'i.e.,70-75[RefReddy30'"/ep.52]
Cephalicindexisdefinedastheindexofbreadthofskull
Cephalicindex=(Maximumbreadthofskull/Maximumlengthof
skull)x100
Basedoncephalicindexracesareclasifiedintofollowingthree
1. Dolichocephalic(longheaded):Cephalicindexis70-75andisa
featureofCaucasions,PureAryan(Indians),Aborigines,and
Negroes.
2. Mesaticephalic(mediumheaded):Cephalicindexis75-80andisa
featureofEuropeans,andchinese.
3. Brachycephalic(shortheaded):Cephalicindexismorethan80and
isafeatureofMongolian.
15.Whichofthefollowingfractureisspecific
forindicatingchildabuse?
a)Posteriorribfracture
b)Scapulafracture
c)Mandibularfracture
d)Variablefracturesatmultiplesites
e)Pelvicfracture
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D
Ansis'a'i.e.,Posteriorribfracture,'b'i.e.,Scapulafracture&
'd'i.e.,Variablefracturesatmultiplesites[Ref:http://
pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/133/2/e477#T1]
Highspecificity
Mediumspecificity
Lowspecificity
Multiplefracturesin
variousstagesof
Metaphyseallesion
healing,especially
("bucket
bilateral
handle"or"corner")
Clavicularfracture
Fracturesofdifferent
Posteriorribfracture
Long-boneshaft
ages
Scapularfracture
fracture
Epiphysealseparation
Spinousprocess
Linearskullfracture
Vertebralbody
fracture
fracture/subluxation
Sternalfracture
Digitalfracture
Complexskullfracture
16.Accordingtothe"Treatmentofterminally-
illpatientsbill,2016",incompetentpatient
isbelowtheageof?
a)12years
b)16years
c)18years
d)20years
e)24years
CorrectAnswer-B
Ansis'b'i.e.,16years[Ref-
http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/draft/Draft%20Passive%20Euthanansia%20Bill.
pdf]
"Incompetentpatient"meansapatientwhoisaminorbelowtheage
ofsixteenyearsorapersonofunsoundmindorapatientwhois
unableto
1. Understandtheinformationrelevanttoaninformeddecisionabout
hismedicaltreatment;
2. Retainthatinformation;
3. Useorweighthatinformationaspartoftheprocessofmakinghis
informeddecision;
4. Makeaninformeddecisionbecauseofimpairmentofora
disturbanceinthefunctioningofhismindorbrain;or
5. Communicatehisinformeddecision(whetherbyspeech,language
oranyothermode)astomedicaltreatment
17.WhichoftheFollowingarethegrounds
fordivorceforfemalesinIndia
a)Impotenceofmalepartner
b)Extramaritalaffairofmaleaprtner
c)Infertilityoffemale
d)Unemploymentofmalepartner
e)Ifshewasmarriedbeforetheageoffifteenandshewantto
renouncesthemarriagebeforesheattainseighteenyearsof
age
CorrectAnswer-A:B:E
Answer:(a)Impotenceofmalepartner,(b)Extramaritalaffairof
maleaprtner,(e)Ifshewasmarriedbeforetheageof
fifteen...(Ref:http://www.indidivorce.com/grounds-for-divorce-
in-india.html:Parikh7h/367,386.6`h/5.1.5.24]
Adulteryisconsideredasanoffenceagainstmarriagebyboththe
PenallawandtheMatrimoniallawinIndiaandanyonecommitting
anadulterousactcanbepunishedunderlaw"
Impotencyandinfertilityarecompletelydistinctterms.Unlike
impotency,infertilitycannotbegroundsfordivorce,theBombayhigh
court(HC)ruledonMonday.Jul24,2012.
HinduMarriageAct,1955?Adultery,Cruelty,Desertion,Mental
disorder,Leprosy,VenerealDisease,ifhusbandhasindulgedin
rape,bestialityandsodomy,ifshewasmarriedbeforetheageof
fifteenandrenouncesthemarriagebeforesheattainseighteen
yearsofage.
Sterilefemaleisnotagroundfordivorce(Prematureejaculation,if
leadstoimpotencythengroundfordivorce,otherwisenotgroundfor
divorce.
Impotencyisagroundforannullingmarriage
18.Bitemarkmayaidin:,
a)Assessmentofage
b)Identificationofaccused
c)Assessmentofheight
d)Assessmentoftypeofteeth
e)CollectionofDNAsample
CorrectAnswer-B:C:E
Answer:(B,IdentificationofaccusedD,Assessmentoftypeof
teeth&E,Collectionof...[Ref:Ready33'?/98-100:Parikh7`h/83-
84]
Bitemarkscanpermitpreciseidentificationbecausethe
alignmentofteethispeculiartoeachindividual.
Thefirststepinanalyzingthebiteistoidentifyitashuman.Animal
teethareverydifferentfromhumans'teeth,sotheyleavevery
differentbite-markpatterns.Next,thebiteisswabbedfor
DNA,whichmayhavebeenleftinthesalivaofthebiter.The
dentistmustalsodeterminewhetherthebitewasself-inflicted.
19.Featureofgunshotinjuryis/are:
a)Gutterinjury
b)Greasecollar
c)Radiatingwound
d)Tissueopeningonoppositeend
e)alloftheabove
CorrectAnswer-E
Answer-E,alloftheabove[Ref:Reddy33rd/224,32"d/205,235;
Parikh7`h/249-53,6`"/4.43-44;ForensicAnthropologyby
StevenByers4"/256]
Theimpactofbulletsonbonemaycausefracturelinestoform.The
twotypeoffracturelinesaredistinguishableoncranialvault:
radiatingandconcentric.
Radiatingfracturelinesoriginatefromthesiteofimpactwherethey
moveoutwardinanydirection(thisisespeciallyseeninentrance
wound).
SmudgeRing/LeadRing/GreaseCollar!DirtCollarisduetothewipe
ofthesoftmetalofthebullet,ordirtpresentonit,orgreasecarried
fromthebarrelandisdepositedroundtheentrancewoundinternal
totheabradedcollar.
Gutterfracture:Theyareformedwhenpartofthethicknessofthe
boneisremovedsoastoformagutter,e.g.,inobliquebulletwound"
Bulletwound:Inexitwound,sizeisbiggerthanbullet.
20.Whichisnotmethodofcrimescene
examination:
a)Grid
b)Strip
c)Wheel
d)Composite
e)Pointtopoint
CorrectAnswer-D:E
Ans.(d)Compositeand(e)Pointtopoint
[www.universalclass.com/articles/law/processing-a-crime-
scene.]
Sixbasiccrimescenesearchpatterns-Stripmethod,Wheelmethod,
Spiralmethod,Zonemethod,GridmethodandLinemethod.
Theuseofanyoranumberofthesesearchmethodswillbe
determinedbythelocationandsizeoftheparticularcrimescene.
21.WhichofthefollowingisNOTrape:
a)Sexualintercoursewithwife,ofagebelow15year,with
consent
b)Sexualintercoursewithwife,ofage16year,withconsent
c)Sexualintercoursewithagirlbelow18yearsofage,with
consent
d)Sexualintercoursewithagirlof18yearwithconsent
e)Sexualintercoursewithwifewhoislivingseparatelyfrom
himunderadecreeofseparation,oranycustomorusage
withherconsent
CorrectAnswer-B:D:E
Ans:b.Sexualintercoursewith...,d.Sexualintercoursewitha
girl...,e.Sexualintercoursewithwifewhoisliving......[Ref
Reddy32nd/392-95;Parikh7th/389-911
Rape:TheCriminalLaw(Amendment)Bill,2013(5.375,I.P.C)
AcctoGazetteNotificationofGOIregardingCriminalLaw
(amendendment)Act,2013releasedon2april,2013,1tisage15
year.
ExceptiontoS.375,I.P.C:Sexualintercourseorsexualactsby
amanwithhisownwife,thewifenotbeingunder15years.
Thereiscontroversialreferenceregardingageofwife,either16or
15yearinReddy(old&newed.)&Parikh.
Withherconsent,whenthemanknowsthatheisnotherhusband
andthatherconsentisgivenbecauseshebelievesthatheis
anothermantowhomsheisorbelievesherselftobelawfully
married.
Withherconsentwhen,atthetimeofgivingsuchconsent,by
reasonofunsoundnessofmindorintoxicationortheadministration
byhimpersonallyorthroughanotherofanystupefyingor
unwholesomeSubstance,sheisunabletounderstandthenature
andconsequencesofthattowhichshegivesconsent.
Withorwithoutherconsent,whensheisundereighteenyearsof
age.
Whensheisunabletocommunicateconsent
22.Cause(s)ofOpisthotonusis/are:
a)Cocaine
b)StrychnosNuxVomicaseed
c)Strychnine
d)Codeine
e)Curare
CorrectAnswer-B:C
Ans:B.StrychnosNuxVomicaseedC.Strychnine
Strychnine(alkaloidfromseedsofstrychnosnux-vomica)cause
opisthotonus(Parikh7th/639-40)
"Strychnine:Theconvulsionsaremostmarkedinantigravity
muscles,sothatthebodytypicallyarchesinhyperextension
(opisthotonus)"(Reddy32nd/581)
CausesofOpisthotonus:Arnold-Chiarisyndrome,Meningitis,
Braintumor,Gaucherdisease,Growthhormonedeficiency
(occasionally),Glutaricaciduriaandorganicacidemias(formsof
chemicalpoisoning).
23.Trueaboutcadavericspasm:
a)Samemechanismasrigormortis
b)Mechanismisunknown
c)Alsok/ainstantaneousrigor
d)Occuronlyincoldenvironment
e)Canbeseeninsomedrowningcase
CorrectAnswer-B:C:E
Ans:b.Mechanism...,c.Also1c/a...,e.Canbeseen....
CadavericSpasm(CatalepticRigidityorInstantaneousRigor)isa
rarecondition.Inthis,themusclesthatwerecontractedduringlife
becomestiffandrigidimmediatelyafterdeathwithoutpassinginto
thestageofprimaryrelaxation,anditsMechanismisunknown
Itoccursespeciallyincasesofsuddendeath,excitement,fear,
severepain,exhaustion,cerebralhaemorrhage,injurytothe
nervoussystem,firearmwoundofthehead,drowning,convulsant
poisons(suchasstrychnine).
24.Whichofthefollowingistrue
statement(s)aboutexhumation?
a)Policecanorderforexhumation
b)Executivemagistratecanorderforexhumation
c)Postmortemcannotbedoneonexhumatedbody
d)CrPC176(4)isrelatedtoenquiryofexhumatedbody
e)CrPC174isrelatedtoenquiryofexhumatedbody
CorrectAnswer-B:D
Ans:b.Executivemagistrate...,d.CrPC176(4)isrelated...
[RefReddy32nd/128-29;Parikh7th/133-34]
Itisdiggingoutofanalreadyburiedbodylegallyfromthegrave
ThereisnotimelimitforexhumationinIndia
Autopsiesareperformedonexhumedbodies:
(1)Incriminalcases,suchashomicide,suspectedhomicide
disguisedassuicideorothertypesofdeath,suspiciouspoisoning,
deathasaresultofcriminalabortion&criminalnegligence;
(2)Incivilcases,suchasaccidentaldeathclaim,insurance,
workmen'scompensationclaim,liabilityforprofessionalnegligence,
survivorship&inheritanceclaimsordisputedidentity
Authorisation:Thebodyisexhumatedonlywhen,thereisawritten
orderfromtheexecutivemagistrate.Thebodycanheexhumatedby
anygovernmentdoctor
Thebodyisexhumatedunderthesupervisionofamedicalofficer&
magistrateinthepresenceofapoliceofficer
Wheneverpracticable,themagistrateshouldinformtherelativesof
thedeceased&allowthemtoremainpresentattheenquiry(176(4)
Cr.P.C)
25.Whichofthefollowingis/arefeature(s)of
humanhair:
a)Medullaryindex:<0.3
b)Cortexisthin
c)Cortexisthick
d)Medulla-narrow
e)Medulla-wider
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D
Ans:a.Medullaryindex...,c.Cortexisthick...,d.Medullanar....
[RefReddy32nd/91;Parikh7th/499]
Trait
HumanHair
Animalhair
Character
Fine&thin
Coarse&thick
Cuticularscalesare
Cuticle
Cuticularscalesare
very
large&havestep-
short,broad,thin&
likeor
irregularlyannular
wavyprojections
Thin,rarelymore
Cortex
Thick,well-striated
than
&4to10timesas
twiceasbroadas
broadasmedulla
medulla
Variesconsiderably,
Medulla
usuallynarrow,discontinuous, Continuous&wider
fragmentedorentirelyabsent
Mostlypresentinthe
Pigment
Evenlydistributed
medulla
medulla
Specificfordifferent
Precipitin
Specificforhuman
animals
Medullaryindex
(Diameterof
Below0.3
Above0.5
medulla/
Diameterof
shaft)
26.Whichofthefollowingjointisbest
predictorofageof16-17yearbyX-ray:
a)Knee
b)Elbow
c)Hip
d)Wrist
e)Ankle
CorrectAnswer-D:E
Ans:(D)Wrist(E)Ankle[RefReddy32nd/78,77,74;Parikh7th/
61-63]
Forestimationofage:TakeX-ray
6-12yearsElbowjoint,Wristjoint,6yr-centerforlowerendof
ulna(A);medialepicondyleofthehumerus(A)
9years:Olecranon(A)
9to11years:Trochelaofhumerus(A)
10thto11thyear:Pisiform(A)
11thyear:Lateralepicondyleofhumerus(A)
13to16years:X-rayofpelviselbowjoint&pelvis(13thyr-separate
centersintriradiatecartilageofacetabulum(A)
12to14years:Lessertrochanteroffemur(A)
14thyear:Crestofilium(A),fusionofmedialepicondyleof
humerus,lateralepicondylewithtrochlea
15thyear:fusionoftriradiatecartilageofacetabulum
16-17year:wrist
Crestofilium:18-19.
Ischealtuberostty,clavicle(innerend):21-22(F),23-24(M)
27.Whichofthefollowingis/areparaphilia:
a)Pedophilia
b)Sodomy
c)Frotteurism
d)Voyeurism
e)Exhibitionism
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
Ans:A.PedophiliaC.FrotteurismD.VoyeurismE.Exhibitionism
[RefSynopsisofPsychiatrybyKaplondrSaddockllth/593-97;
Reddy32nd/411;NeerajAhuja7th/124-26;Parikh7th/411-12J
Paraphiliasorperversionsaresexualstimulioractsthatare
deviationsfromnormalsexualbehaviors,butarenecessaryfor
somepersonstoexperiencearousalandorgasm.
AccordingtotheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMental
Disorders,fifthedition(DSM-5),thetermparaphilicdisorderis
reservedforthosecasesinwhichasexuallydeviantfantasyor
impulsehasbeenexpressedbehaviorally.
Individualswithparaphilicinterestscanexperiencesexualpleasure,
buttheyareinhibitedfromrespondingtostimulithatarenormally
considerederotic.Theparaphiliacperson'ssexualityismainly
restrictedtospecificdeviantstimulioracts.
DSM-5listspedophilia,frotteurism,voyeurism,exhibitionism,sexual
sadism,sexualmasochism,fetishism,andtransvestismwithexplicit
diagnosticcriteriabecauseoftheirthreattoothersand/orbecause
theyarerelativelycommonparaphilias.Therearemanyother
paraphiliasthatmaybediagnosed
28.Whichofthefollowingis/arefeatureof
drowning?
a)Oedemaaquosuminlung
b)Emphysemaaquosumispresumptiveevidenceofdeathfrom
drowning
c)altaufshaemorrhagesisseensubpleural
d)Gettler'stestisusedtotestchloridecontentofbloodfromboth
sidesoftheheart
e)Lungisballoonedandlightinseawaterdrowning
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Oedemaaquosuminlung;'b'i.e.,Emphysema
aquosumispresumptiveevidenceofdeathfromdrowning;'c'
i.e.,Paltaufshaemorrhagesisseensubpleurally;&'d'i.e.,
Gettler'stestisusedtotestchloridecontentofbloodfromboth
sidesoftheheart[RepReddy33'd/ep.369-70;Parikh7"/ep.
192-93]
Theeyesarehalfopenedwithdilatedpupil,congestedconjunctiva
andalmostnilpetechialhamorrhage.
Cutisanserina(gooseskin),i.e.granularappearanceofskinwith
erecthairduetocontractionoferectorpili.
Washerwomanhandandfeed,i.e.bleachedandcorrugated
appearanceofpalmandsoles.
White,fine,lathery,abundantandtenacious(sticky)frothof
noseandmouth.Frothincreasesinamountoncompressionofthe
chest.Frothinthenoseandmouthisalsoseenincertainpoisoning,
e.g.cocaine,organophosphorus,morphine(opioids)and
barbiturates.Butthefrothisneithersofinenorsocopicusand
persistentinthesepoisonings.
Weeds,grass,plants,mudorstonesintightlyclenchedhand.Itis
duetocadavericspasmandstronglysuggestthattheperson
wasalivewhendrowned,asitindicatesthestruggleofpersonfor
life.Abradedtipsoffingersandtoes,andsandunderdamagednails
havesamesignificance.
Emphysemaaquosumisseeninwetdrowning.Inthiscondition,the
lungsarecharacterizedbyruptureofaleveolarspaceswith
accumulationofhemolyzedbloodwithwaterandsmallamountof
air.Thisconditionresultsfromviolentrespiratoryeffortswhenthe
victimissubmergedinconsciousstate.
Oedemaaquosumisaconditionoflungcharacterizedby
oedematouschangedueaccumulationofsomewaterinlung.This
conditionresultsduetopassiveentranceofwaterinthelungswhen
thevictimissubmergedinunconsciousstatehavingnoviolenteffort
forrespiration.Itisseeninsubmersionofunconscious
29.Testusedforbloodstainsdetectionis/are
allexcept
a)Barberio'stest
b)Kastle-meyertest
c)Benzidinetest
d)Acidphosphatasetest
e)Takayamatest
CorrectAnswer-A:D
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Barberio'stest;&'d'i.e.,Acidphosphatase
test[RefReddy33'p.450-51,435-36;Parikh7th/ep.492-93,484-
86]
thesetestsarebasedonH202andperoxidaseenzyme.Tests
are:
Benzidinetest:Greenishbluecolour.
Phenolphthaleintest(kastlemeyertest):Deeppermanganate
colour.
Leucomalachitegreentest:Bluishgreenorpeacockbluecolour.
Guaiacumtest:Bluecolour.
Orthotoludinetest(kohntest):Blueorgreencolour.
Amidopyrinetest:Purplecolour.
Teichmann'shaemincrystaltest.
Takayamahemochromogencrystaltest
30.SaturatedNaCIisanotusedin
preservationofviscerainwhichofthe
followingpoisoning?
a)Sodiumhydroxide
b)Aconite
c)Carbolicacid
d)Sulphuricacid
e)None
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Sodiumhydroxide;`b'i.e.,Aconite;&'d'i.e.,
Sulphuricacid[RefReddy33"Yep.124;Parikh7TVep.108-09]
1. Saturatedsodiumchloride:Inallcasesofpoisoningexcluding
corrosiveacidsexceptcarbolicacids(phenol),alkalis,corrosive
sublimateandaconite.
2. 30mgpotassiumoxalate(anticoagulant)and10mlsodiumfluoride
(enzymeinhibitor):Bloodinsuspectedpoisoningincludingalcohol
butexcludingoxalicacid,ethyleneglycol,fluoride,carbonmonoxide.
3. Rectifiedspirit:Allexceptincasesofpoisoningby:(i)phenol,
phosphorus,paraldehyde,(ii)kerosene,(iii)formaldehyde,formic
acid,(iv)alcohol,aceticacid(v)chloroform,chloralhydrate,(vi)
ether.
4. 10mg/mlNa/K.flurideand3mgK-oxalate:Forpreservingblood;
flurideisalsoaddedtoCSF,vitreoushumor;andurineifalcohol
estimationisrequired;andalsoinanalysisofcocaine,cyanideand
carbonmonoxide.
31.Whichofthefollowingis/aredangerous
injuryinforensicscience?
a)Injurycausingendangertolifeifnottreatedtimely
b)Hearingloss
c)Lossof2-3teeth
d)Synonymouswithgrievousinjury
e)Emasculation
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Injurycausingendangertolifeifnottreated
timely[RefReddy33rd/ep.293;Parikh7m/ep.263]
Injuriescanbedividedinto(i)Simple(ii)Grievousand(iii)
dangerous.
Asimpleinjuryisonewhichisneitherextensivenorserious,and
whichwouldhealrapidlywithoutleavinganypermanentdeformityor
disfiguration.
Agrievousinjuryisone(i)Whichisextensiveorserious(ii)Which
doesnothealrapidly,and(iii)Whichleavesapermanentdeformity
ordisfiguration.
1. Emasculation(cuttingofthepenis,castration;orcausinglossof
poweroferectionduetospinalinjury).
2. Permanentprivationofthesightofeithereye.
3. Permanentprivationofthehearingofeitherear.
4. Privationofanymember(part,organ,limb)orjoint.
5. Destructionorpermanentimpairingofpowersofanymemberor
joint.
6. Permanentdisfigurationofheadorface.
7. Fractureordislocationofaboneoratooth.
8. Anyhurtwhichendangerslifeorwhichcausesthesufferertobe,
duringthespaceoftwentydaysinseverebodilypain,orunableto
followhisdailyroutine.
9. Section319IPCdefineshurtasbodilypain,disease,orinfirmity,
causedtoanyperson.
32.Whichofthefollowingfeatures(s)is/are
morecommoninstrangulationratherthan
hanging-
a)Paleface
b)Fracturesoftracheaandlarynx
c)Congestedfaces
d)Transverseligature
e)Bruisesatedgesoftheligaturemark
CorrectAnswer-B:C:D:E
Ans.is'b'i.e.,Fracturesoftracheaandlarynx;'c'i.e.,
Congestedfaces;'d'i.e.,Transverseligature;&`e'i.e.,Bruises
atedgesoftheligaturemark[RefReddy33rdiep.351]
Strangulation
Hanging
1. Nosuspension
2. Compressiononneckisbya
1. Thereissuspensionofbody.
ligature,hands,sticks,
2. Compressiononneckisbyaligature elbow,kneeorfoot.
3. Forceofcompressionistheweighto
3 f
. Itisoutsideforceapplied
body(endogenousorce)
(exogenousforce).
4. Ligaturemarkisabovethethyroidis
4. Markisonorbelowthe
oblique,symmetricalandincomplete. thyroid.Ishorizontal,
5. Knotusuallypresent.
completeandcontinuous(in
6. Usuallynomarkatsiteofknot:In
absenceofligaturemark
fixedknot,markisinverted'V'
thereareotherinjurieson
shaped.
neckdependingupontypeof
7. Markusuallysingle.
strangulation).
8. Surfaceofmarkabradedor
5. KnotUsuallyabsent.
contused.
6. Markishorizontal,complete
9. Surfacemayshowpatternofligature andcontinuous.
used.
7. Usuallymultiplemarks.
10. Surfacehard.Mark-yellowishbrown8. Usuallylacerated.
incolour
9. Patternnotseen
10. Soft,duetofrankbleeding.
Black.
33.Whichofthefollwingis/aretrue
regardingPerjury:
a)Wilfullygivingfalsestatementunderhe/sheeitherknowsor
believestobefalseordoesnotbelievetobetrue
b)S.190IPCdealswithperjury
c)Voluntarilygivingfalseevidenceunderoathwhichhe/sheeither
knowsorbelievestobefalseordoesnotbelievetobetrue
d)Thewitnessisliabletobeprosecutedforperjury
e)None
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D
Ans.(A)Wilfullygivingfalsestatementunderhe/sheeither
knowsorbelievestobefalseordoesnotbelievetobetrue
(C)Voluntarilygivingfalseevidenceunderoathwhichhe/she
eitherknowsorbelievestobefalseordoesnotbelievetobe
true(D)Thewitnessisliabletobeprosecutedforperjury
34.TrueaboutCorpusdelicti:
a)Medicalnegligence
b)Bodyofoffence
c)Itincludesbodyofthevictimandotherfactswhichare
conclusiveofdeathbyfoulplay
d)Theessenceofcrime
e)None
CorrectAnswer-B:C:D
Ans.(B)Bodyofoffence(C)Itincludesbodyofthevictimand
otherfactswhichareconclusiveofdeathbyfoulplay(D)The
essenceofcrime
35.Gustafson'smethodisusedfor-
a)Agedetermination
b)Sexdetermination
c)Racedetermination
d)Teethattrition
e)Teethresorption
CorrectAnswer-A:D:E
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Agedetermination;'d'i.e.,Teethattrition;`e'i.e.,
Teethresorption[RefParikh6th/ep.2.8]
Gustafson'smethod:Usefulonlyinpersonsolderthan21yearsof
age,dependingonthephysiologicalchangesineachofthedental
tissues
1. Attrition-duetowearandtearfrommastication,uppersurfaceof
teethdestoyedgradually,firstinvolvingtheenamel-->dentine-->
pulp(dependingonthefunctionaluseofteethandhardnessof
enamel).AO-nochange.A-minimumchange(enamel),A2-
moderatechange(dentine),A3-maximumchange(pulp).
2. Paradentosis-recessionofgumsandperiodontaltissue
surroundingtheteeth,exposingtheneckandadjacentpartofroot
-->teethfalloff(poorhygieneincreasesparadentosis).
3. Secondarydentineformation-developwithinthepulpcavityand
decreasesizeofthecavity,startfrombase-apex,obliteratethe
cavity,increasewithage,cariesandparadentosis.
4. Cementumapposition-neartheendofroot,increasecementum,
increasethickness,depositedthroughoutlife,andformincremental
lines(devisedbyBoyde).
5. Rootresorption-becauseofcementumanddentine,absorptionof
rootstartatapexandextendupward(maybepathological).
6. Transparencyoftheroot-seenafter30yearsofage,canalinthe
dentineatfirstwiden,increasewithagebecauseofdepositionof
minerals.Theybecomeinvisibleanddentinebecomestransparent
(Mostreliableofallthecriteria).
36.
UnnaturalSexualoffencesaredefinedby
section?
a)375IPC
b)320IPC
c)377IPC
d)302IPC
e)None
CorrectAnswer-C
Ansis'c'i.e.,377IPC[RefParikhOlep.3-68]IPCretatedto
sexualoffences]
228IPC:Prohibitsdisclosureofidentityofrapevictim.
375IPC:Definingrape.
376IPC:Punishmentforrape(7yearstolifeimprisonment?fine).
376-AIPC:Punishmentformaritalrape(2yearsimprisonment?
fine).
377IPC:Unnaturalsexualoffences(10yearstolifeimprisonment?
fine).
354IPC:Assaultorcriminalforcetowomanwithintenttooutrage
hermodesty.
366-AIPC:Procurationofminorgirlforillicitintercourse.
351IPC:Definesassault.
352-358IPC:Punishmentforcausingassault.
509IPC:Word,gestureoractintendedtoinsultthemodestyof
awomen.
37.
SodomyispunishableundersectionIPC?
a)354
b)375
c)377
d)378
e)None
CorrectAnswer-C
Ansis'c'i.e.,377[RefParikh6"Vep.3.68]
Section377IPCdefinesallunnaturalsexualoffences(including
sodomy).
Section377IPCdefinesunnaturalsexualsexualoffencesas
sexualintercourseagainsttheorderofnaturewithanyman,woman
oranimalandlaysdownpunishmentforsame.Theseoffences
aresodomy,buccalcoitus,tribadism(lesbianism),andbestiality.
38.Spaldingsignisafeatureof-
a)Drowning
b)Intrauterinedeath
c)Maceration
d)Rigormortis
e)Asepticautolysis
CorrectAnswer-B:C:E
Ansis'b'i.e.,Intrauterinedeath;'c'i.e.,Maceration;`e'i.e.,
Asepticautolysis[RefParikh6thiep.5-75,5-76]
Maceration:
Macerationisaprocessofasepticautolysis.Itoccurswhenadead
fetusremainsintheuterusfor3-4dayssurroundedbyliquoramnii
butwithexclusionofair.
Skinslippageistheearliestsign(occurswithin12hours).
Thereisgasinthegreatvesselsandchambersofheart(Robert's
sign).Exceptforlunganduterus,whichremainunchangedfora
longtime,allotherorgansbecomesoft,oedematousandloosetheir
morphology.
Theoneimportantradiologicalsignsuggestiveofmacerationis
'Spaulding'ssign'i.e.skullbonesoverrideeachother.Thesmellis
somewhatrancid.
Rigormortis:Rigormortismayoccurindeadfetusbeforebirthorat
birth.
Putrefaction(decomposition):Ifthemembranesarerupturedafter
deathoffetusandairgainsentryintoliquoramnii,fetusundergoes
putrefactioninsteadofmaceration.Bodyisgreenish,foulsmelling
andbloated
39.ExtentofBurniscalculatedby?
a)Ruleof9
b)Wallace'sformula
c)LundandBrowderchart
d)Henery'sformula
e)None
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Ruleof9,`bi.e.,Wallace'sformula;'c'i.e.,Lund
andBrowderchart[RefParikh&lep.4-152-4-156]
Inadultssurfaceareaiscalculatedby:
1. 9%fortheheadandneck.
2. 9%foreachupperlimb.
3. 9%forthefrontofeachlowerlimb.
4. 9%forthebackofeachlowerlimb.
5. 9%forthefrontofthechest.
6. 9%forthebackofthechest.
7. 9%forthefrontoftheabdomen.
8. 9%forthebackoftheabdomen.
9. 1%forthegenitalia.
Areaofpalm(palmarsurface),asageneralrule,constituesabout
1%ofsurfaceareabothinadultandchildren.
Inburntarea>15%inadultsand>10%inachild,thelossof
circulatorybloodvolumemustbereplaced,otherwiseitwillcause
irreversibleshock.
Burnsonhead,neck,trunkandgenitalsaresaidtobemore
dangerousthanonotherpartsofthebody.
Infants,youngchildrenandelderlyareparticularlyvulnerableto
initialshockandsubsequentcomplications.
40.Truestatement(s)regardingthepowerof
chiefjudicialmagistrate:
a)Cangiveimprisonmentof<3yearonly
b)Cangiveimprisonmentofanyduration
c)Cangiveimprisonmentupto5year
d)Cangiveimprisonmentupto7year
e)Canimposeunlimitedfine
CorrectAnswer-D:E
Ans:d.Cangiveimprisonmentupto7yeare.Canimpose
unlimitedfine[RefReddy32nd/6;Reddy27th/6
indiankanoon.orgl
TheCourtofaChiefJudicialMagistratemaypassanysentence
authorisedbylawexceptasentenceofdeathorofimprisonmentfor
lifeorofimprisonmentforatermexceedingsevenyears.
TheCourtofaMagistrateofthefirstclassmaypassasentenceof
imprisonmentforatermnotexceedingthreeyears,oroffinenot
exceedingfivethousandrupees,orofboth.
TheCourtofaMagistrateofthesecondclassmaypassasentence
ofimprisonmentforatermnotexceedingoneyear,oroffinenot
exceedingonethousandrupees,orofboth.
TheCourtofaChiefMetropolitanMagistrateshallhavethepowers
oftheCourtofaChiefJudicialMagistrateandthatofaMetropolitan
Magistrate,thepowersoftheCourtofaMagistrateofthefirstclass.
41.Whichofthefollowingfeatureis/are
relatedtomandibleofmaleincomparison
tofemale:
a)Ascendingramus-smallerbreadth
b)Angleoframus-Moreobtuse
c)Largercondyle
d)Mentaltubercles-larger&prominent
e)Symphysealheightmore
CorrectAnswer-C:D:E
Ans:c.Largercondyled.Mentaltubercles-larger&
prominente.Symphysealheightmore[Ref.Reddy32nd/60;
Parikh7th/79]
Symphysealheightismoreinmales(Parikh7th/79)
FemaleSmaller
TraitGeneralsize MaleLarger&thicker
&thinner
Chin
Square(U-shaped)
Rounded
Atsymphysis
Bodyheight
Atsymphysisgreater
smaller
Ascendingramus
Greaterbreadth
Smallerbreadth
Angleofbody
Lessobtuse(under1250);
Moreobtuse&
&,amus(Gonion)
Prominent&Everted
notprominent
Condyles
Larger
Smaller
Mentaltubercles
Large&prominent
Insignificant
42.Whichofthefollowingstatementis/are
trueaboutcarbamatepoisoning:
a)Causepinpointpupil
b)Atropineisantidote
c)Adrenergicaction
d)Spontaneouslyhydrolysesfromthecholinesteraseenzymatic
site
e)CNStoxicityismoreascomparedtoorganophosphorus
CorrectAnswer-B:D
Ans:b.Atropineisantidoted.Spontaneouslyhydrolysesfrom
thecholinesteraseenzymaticsite[RefReddy32nd/495-98;
Parikh7th/625-28;GerGIIth/210;KDT7th/111;Katzung
13th/979-80;PharmacologybySatoskar24th/297
Itdifferstoxicologicallyfromorganophosphate:Theywill
spontaneouslyhydrolysefromthecholinesteraseenzymaticsite
within24to48hours,whereasorganophosphateswillnot.
TheydonoteffectivelypenetrateintotheCNS,&assuchCNS
toxicityislimited.
Treatment:Atropineisthespecificantidote.Pralidoximemay
diminishtheseverityofsymptoms&helppreventsomemorbidity.
43.Post-mortemcaloricityis/areseeninall
except:
a)Strychninepoisoning
b)Septicaemiccondition
c)Cholera
d)Barbituratepoisoning
e)Tetanus
CorrectAnswer-D
Ans:d.Barbituratepoisoning[RefReddy33rd/155,32rd/149;
Parikh7th/143,6th/3.8-3.9]
Post-MortemCaloricity1.Reddy33rd/155-Inthiscondition,the
temperatureofthebodyremainsraisedforthefirsttwohoursorso
afterdeath.
Whentheregulationofheatproductionhasbeenseverelydisturbed
beforedeath,asinsunstroke&insomenervousdisorder
Whentherehasbeenagreatincreaseinheatproductioninthe
muscleduetoconvulsions,asintetanus&strychninepoisoningetc
Post-MortemCaloricity:SeenIParikhth/3.8-3.9,Pontine
haemorrhage&sunstroke,Tetanus&strychninepoisoning.,acute
viralorviralinfectionssuchaslobarpneumonia,typhoidfever,
encephalitis&encephalomyelitis
44.Treatmentofcarbolicacidpoisoning
includes:
a)Repeatedlavageshouldbedone
b)Intubationmayberequiredincaseofrespiratorycompromise
c)Emeticsisverybeneficial
d)Salinecontainingsodiumcarbonateisgiven
e)None
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D
Ans:a.Repeatedlavageshouldbedoneb.Intubationmaybe
requiredincaseofrespiratorycompromised.Salinecontaining
sodiumcarbonateisgiven[RefReddy32nd/507;Parikh
7th/535-37]
Anemeticoftenfailsduetotheanaestheticeffect
Lavage:Thestomachshouldbewashedrepeatedly,carefullywith
plentyoflukewarmwatercontainingactivatedcharcoal,oliveoil,
casteroiletc.Washingcontinueduntilthewashingsareclear&
odourless
Whenlavageiscompleted,309ramofmagnesiumsulphateora
quantityofmedicinalliquidparaffinshouldleftinthestomach
Salinecontainingsodiumcarbonateisgiveni.vtocombatcirculatory
depression,todilutecarboilicacidcontentofblood&toencourage
excretionbyproducingdiuresis,Haemodialysis,ifthereisrenal
failure
Carbolicacidmanagement:Evaluateandsupportairway,breathing,
andcirculation.Childrenmaybemorevulnerabletocorrosive
agentsthanadultsbecauseoftherelativelysmallerdiameteroftheir
airways.
Incasesofrespiratorycompromisesecureairwayandrespiration
viaendotrachealintubation.Ifnotpossible,surgicallycreatean
airway.
45.Deathinhangingoccursduetoallexcept:
a)Asphyxia
b)vagalinhibition
c)Vagalstimulation
d)Cerebralischemia
e)Venouscongestion
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans:c.Vagalstimulation[RefReddy33rd/339;Parikh6th/3.40
Hanging:CausesofDeath:
1. Asphyxia:Atensionof15kgonligatureblocksthetrachea
2. Venouscongestion:Thejugularveinsareblockedbyatensionin
theropeof2kg
3. Combinedasphyxia&venouscongestion:Commonestcause
4. Cerebralanaemia:AtensionOf4-5kgonligatureblockscarotid
arteries&the20kg,thevertebralarteries
5. Reflexvagalinhibition
6. Fractureofdislocationofthecervicalvertebrae(injurytospinalcord)
Strangulation:Causesofdeath(Reddy33rd/347)
1. Asphyxia
2. CerebralanaemiaorVenouscongestion
3. Combinedasphyxia&venouscongestion
4. Reflexvagalinhibition
5. Fractureofdislocationofthecervicalvertebrae(rare)
46.Whichofthefollowingis/aretypeof
abrasion:
a)Pattern
b)Imprint
c)Graze
d)Stretch
e)Scratch
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:E
Ans:a.Pattern,b.Imprint,c.Graze&e.Scratch
AbrasionsorGravelRash:Itisadestructionoftheskin,which
usuallyinvolvesthesuperficiallayersoftheepidermisonly.Theyare
causedbyfrictionagainstaroughsurfaceorbycompression.Some
pressure&movementbyagentonthesurfaceoftheskinis
essential.
Scratches(linearabrasions):Itisanabrasionwithlengthbutno
significantwidth.Subtype-pointscratch&fingernailabrasions
Grazes(sliding,scrapingorgrindingabrasion):Theyarethemost
commontype.Theyoccurwhenthereismovementb/wtheskin&
someroughsurfaceincontactwithit.Subtype-brushburn,friction
burnetc.
Pressureabrasion(crushingorfrictionabrasions):e.g.,ligaturemark
incaseofhanging&strangulation&theteethbitemarks,Impact
abrasion(contactorimprintabrasion):causedbyaroughobjectat
ornearrightangletotheskinsurface.Patternabrasion:Impact
abrasion&pressureabrasion
47.Whichofthefollowingtoxicagentis
removedbyhemodialysis,butnotbygut
detoxicationthroughactivatedcharcoal:
a)Theophylline
b)Benzodiazepines
c)Phenobarbitone
d)Ethyleneglycol
e)Ethanol
CorrectAnswer-E
Ans:e.Ethanol[RefReddy33rd/155;Parikh6th/3.8-3.9]
Whentherehasbeenexcessivebacterialactivity,asinsepticaemic
condition,choleraotherfevers,thetemperatureofthebodyremains
raisedforthefirsttwohoursorsoafterdeath.
Theophylline,ethyleneglycol&phenobarbitone(barbiturates)are
clearedbyboth,activatedcharcoalerhaemodialysis,?
Benzodiazepinesareclearedonlybyactivatedcharcoal,Ethanolis
removedonlybyhaemodialysisnotbyactivatedcharcoal(so
obviouslytheanswer)
Hemodialysis:Itisveryusefulforremovingethanol,methanol,
ethyleneglycol,chloralhydrate,lithium,trivalentarsenic,
acetaminophen,bromide,Phenobarbital,salicylate,fluoride,sodium
chlorate,digitalis,methaqualone,boricacid&thiocynate
HaemodialysishasbeenemployedforremovingbarbituratesQ,boric
acid,glutethimide,methylalcoholQ,salicylatesQandthiocyanates
fromtheblood.Haemperfusionissuperiortohaemodialysisfor
removaloflipidsolubledrugs.Exchangetransfusionisonlyfeasible
withsmallchildrenandhasbeenappliedtopoisoningsby
salicylates,barbiturates,ironsalts,carbonmonoxide,etc.Alltoxic
substances,includingnondialysableones,areremovedbythis
technique"(Parikh6th/8.17)"Ethyleneglycolpoisoningtreatment:
Activatedcharcoal,gastriclavageerhaemodialysis"(Reddy
33rd/583)
48.
I.P.CSectiondealingwithpunishmentfor
voluntarycausinggrievousinjury:
a)321I.P.C
b)322I.P.C
c)323I.P.C
d)324I.P.C
e)325I.P.C
CorrectAnswer-E
Ans:e.325I.P.C[RefReddy33rd/294-95,292;Parikh6th/4.59-
4.60]
S.321,I.C:voluntarilycausinghurt
S.322,I.P.C:voluntarilycausinggrievoushurt
S.323,I.PC:Punishmentforvoluntarilycausinghurt:
imprisonmentuptooneyear,orfineuptoRs1000orboth
S.324,I.C:voluntarilycausinghurtbydangerousweaponsor
means(3yearimprisonment)
S.325,I.P.C:Punishmentforvoluntarilycausinggrievoushurt:
Imprisonmentforatermextendingtosevenyears&alsofine.
S.326,I.P.C:Voluntarilycausinggrievoushurtbydangerous
weaponsormeans:Imprisonmentuptotenyears&alsofine
Grievous Injury(Sec320IPC)
Emasculation?(cuttingoffpenis,castration,or
1.
causinglossofpoweroferectionduetospinal
injury)
2.
Permanentprivationofeithereye?
3.
Permanentprivationofeitherear?
Privationofanymember?(part,organorlimb)or
Privationofanymember?(part,organorlimb)or
4.
joint
5.
Permanentdisfigurationofheadorface?
6.
Fractureordislocationofboneoratooth?
Destructionorpermanentimpairingofpowersof
7.
anymemberorjoint?
Anyhurtwhichendangerslife?,orwhichcauses
thesufferertobe,duringthespaceof20days?,
8.
inseverebodypain,orunabletofollowhisdaily
routine
49.Mummificationis/arefavouredby:
a)Dryair
b)Humidair
c)Coldenvironment
d)Drowning
e)Warmair
CorrectAnswer-A:E
Ans:a.Dryair&e.Warmair
FactorNecessaryfortheProductionofMummification
Theabsenceofmoistureintheair
Thecontinuousactionofdryorwarmedair
"Mummification:Chronicarsenicorantimonypoisoningissaidto
favourtheprocessofmummificationindry&warmclimate"(Parikh
6th/3.31).
50.Post-mortemcaloricityis/areseenin:
a)Drowning
b)Elderly
c)Strychninepoisoning
d)Sunstroke
e)Cholera
CorrectAnswer-C:D:E
Ans:c.Strychninepoisoning,d.Sunstroke,&e.Cholera,
Thisisanormalphenomenonandtheriseis3.6?For2?C
Septicaemia,Infectiousdiseases,BacteremiaTetanus,Rabies,
yellowfeverAsphyxialConditionsSevereconvulsionsTetanus
StrychnineHyperpyrexiaatdeathHeatStroke(sunstroke)Pontine
HaemorrhageHighAtmosphericTemperaturePeritonitis,Meningitis,
NephritisAlcoholpoisoning
51.Gunshotinjurymaycause(s):
a)Abrasioncollar
b)Gutterfracture
c)Railtrackinjury
d)Incisedlikeinjury
e)Laceratedlikeinjury
CorrectAnswer-B:D:E
Ans:a.Abrasion...,b.Gutt...,d.Incis...,e.Lace...,[RefReddy
32nd/205,235;Parikh6th/4.43-44]
Gutterfracture:Theyareformedwhenpartofthethicknessofthe
boneisremovedsoastoformagutter,e.g.,inobliquebulletwound.
Abrasioncollar(Marginalabrasion):Abrasioncollarsurroundsthe
dirtcollar.Theabradedcollarisreddishatfirst,butbecomesreddish
brownasitdries.Somecontusionispresentinabradedcollar&as
such,itisalsocalled"contusioncollar".Thesetwofeaturesare
proofofanentrancefirearmwound.
Glancingwounds(strikingsomeoneorsomethingatananglerather
thandirectlyandwithfullforce)maysimulateincisedorlacerated
wounds.
Slitlikeexitwoundsareoccasionallyencountered.Theyaredueto
thebulletexitingonitsboardsideorduetoexitofafragmented
bone.Suchinjuriesmaysimulateincisedwoundsorstabwounds
52.Notcharacteristicsofpoisonoussnake:
a)Smallscalesonhead
b)Largescalesonbelly&coverentirebreadth
c)Short&solidfangs
d)Compressedtail
e)Usuallynocturnalinhabit
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans:c.Short...[RefReddy32nd/528;Parikh6th/9.40-9.41]
Non-poisonous
Trait
Poisonoussnake
snake
Largewiththe
1.Head
A-small(vipers)
exceptionsas
mentioned,under
scales
B-large&
thepoisonous
snakes
(a)(ifthereisanopeningorpitb/w
theeye&nostril(pitviper)
(b)thirdlabialtouchestheeye&
nasalshields(cobraorcoralsnake)
(c)Nopits&thirdlabialdoesnot
touchthenose&eye¢ralrowof
scaleson
backenlarged;undersurfaceofthe
mouthhasonlyfourinfralabials,the
fourthbeingthelargest(kraits)
Smallliketheseon
2.Belly
Large&coverentirebreadth
thebackor
thebackor
moderatelylarge,
scales
butdonotcover
theentirebreadth
3.Fangs Hollowlikehypodermicneedles
Short&solid
4.Teeth
Twolongfangs
Severalsmallteeth
Notmuch
5.Tail
Compressed
compressed
6.Habits Usuallynocturnal
Notso
53.Whichofthefollowingisnotcomponent
oftypicalembalamingagent:
a)Nacitrate
b)Naborate
c)Formaldehyde
d)Glycerine
e)None
CorrectAnswer-E
Ans:(E)None[RefReddy32nd/166;Parikh6th/8.23]Table
(Reddy32nd/166):Atypicalembalming
Embalmingchemicalsareavarietyofpreservatives,sanitisingand
disinfectantagents,andadditivesusedinmodernembalmingto
temporarilypreventdecompositionandrestoreanaturalappearance
forviewingabodyafterdeath
Sodiumborote(Buffer)500g
Sodiumcitrote(Anticoogulent)900g
Glycerine(Wettingagent)600ml
Sodiumchloride(ControlpH)800g
Eosin(Cosmetic)-->30ml
Solublewintergreen(Perfume)90ml
Water(Vehicle)UPto10litres
Formalin(Preservative)1.5litres
54.TrueaboutPugilisticattitude:
a)Flexionofhip&knee
b)Occurduetocoagulationofproteinbyburning
c)Extensionofelbow
d)Flexionoffingers
e)None
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D
Ans:a.Flexionofhip&knee,b.Occurduetocoagulationof
proteinbyburning,d.Flexionoffingers,[RefReddy32nd/307;
27th/286;Parikh6th/4.156-4.157]
PugilisticAttitude(Boxing,FencingorDefenceAttitute)n
Reddy27th/286;Reddy32nd/307
Itisthepostureofabodywhichhasbeenexposedtogreatheat
Thelegsareflexedatthehipsandknees,thearmsareflexedat
elbowsandwristsandheldoutinfrontofthebody,headslightly
extended,allfingersarehookedlikeclaws.
"Pugilisticattitudeispresentwhetheralivingordeadbodyisburnt&
hasthereforenomedico-legalsignificance")
Contractionofparaspinalmusclesoftencausesamarked
opisthotonus,inanattitudecommonlyadoptedbyboxers.
Thisstiffeningisduetothecoagulationofproteinsofthemuscles
anddehydrationwhichcausecontraction.Theflexormusclesbeing
bulkierthanextensorscontractmoreduetowhichjointsofalllimbs
areflexed
Itoccurswhetherthepersonwasaliveordeadattimeofburning
55.Whichofthefollowingcanbegroundfor
divorce:
a)Sterilefemale
b)Impotentman
c)Diabetes
d)Prematureejaculation
e)Pre-existingincurablementaldisorder
CorrectAnswer-B:E
Ans:b.impo..,e.Pre-existing...
Impotencyisagroundforannullingmarriage.InParmaswamipillai
v.SornathammalAIR1969itwasheldthatthemarriageofawoman
withanimpotentmanisvoidable.
PrematureEjaculation:Maybe/maynotbegroundMay
beGroundforDivorceifitLeadstoImpotency
Mentaldisordercanbecomeagroundforfilingadivorceifthe
spouseofthepetitionersuffersfromincurablementaldisorderand
insanityandthereforecannotbeexpectedfromthecoupletostay
together.
56.NottrueregardingVoyeurism:
a)S.354C,IPCdefinepunishment
b)Forfirstoffenceimprisonmentof1-3yearwithfine
c)Forrepeatoffenceimprisonmentmayextendto5-10year
d)Cognizableoffence
e)Repeatoffenceisconsideredasnon-bailableoffence
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans:c.Forrepeat...[RefReddy32nd/394,413;Parikh6th/5.55;
Reddy27th/367;CriminalAmendmentBill,2013]
VoyeurismorScoptophilia
Itisdefinedasonewho,experiencesrecurrent,intense,sexually
arousingfantasies,sexualurgesorbehavioursinvolvingtheactof
observinganunsuspectingpersonwhoisnaked,intheprocessof
disrobingorengagedinsexualactivity
VoyeurismorScotophiliaisdefinedasthedesiretowatchsexual
intercourseortoobservegenitalsofothers.Q
Mostoftenthevictimisstranger
Masturbationatthesceneorlatertomemoriesofwatchingthe
unsuspectingstrangerisnormallythesourceofsexualpleasure
Itisrareinfemale
57.Duringseparation,sexualintercourse
betweenhusband&wife:
a)Non-bailableoffence
b)Onlyacrimeifcomplainedbyvictim
c)ItisdefinedunderIPC376C
d)Minimumpunishmentof2year
e)Minimumpunishmentof5year
CorrectAnswer-B:D
Ans:b.Only...,d.Minimum...[RefReddy33rd/412;http:
llindianlawcases.com/Act-Indian.Penal.Code,1860-1835]
Section376B,I.P.C:Whoeverhassexualintercoursewithhisown
wife,whoislivingseparately,whetherunderadecreeofseparation
orotherwise,withoutherconsent,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichshallnotbeless
thantwoyearsbutwhichmayextendtosevenyears&shallalsobe
liabletofine.
Section376C,I.P.C:Whoever,beingthesuperintendentor
managerofajail,remandhomeorotherplaceofcustody
establishedbyorunderanylawforthetimebeinginforceorofa
woman'sorchildren'sinstitutiontakesadvantageofhisofficial
positionandinducesorseducesanyfemaleinmateofsuchjail,
remandhome,placeorinstitutiontohavesexualintercoursewith
him,suchsexualintercoursenotamountingtotheoffenceofrape,
shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforaterm
whichmayextendtofiveyearsandshallalsobeliabletofine.
58.Earlyonsetrigormortisis/areseenin:
a)TB
b)Cholera
c)Asphyxia
d)Arseni
e)Aconite
CorrectAnswer-A:B
Ans:a.TB,b.Cholera
[RefReddy33rd/162;Parikh6th/3.171
Theonsetofrigorisearly&durationisshortindeathsfrom
diseasescausinggreatexhaustion&wastinge.g.,cholera,typhoid,
tuberculosis,canceretc&inviolentdeathasbycut-throat,firearms,
electrocution,lightening&instrychninepoisoning
Inorganophosphatepoisoningrigidityappearsearly,COpoisoning
delaysdisappearance
Theonsetisdelayedindeathsfromasphyxia,severehaemorrhage,
apoplexy,pneumonia&nervousdiseasecausingparalysisof
muscle
IndeathduetopoisoningfromHCN&strychnine,itstartsearly&
persistslonger
Arsenicdelaysputrefaction"-Reddy33rd/541
"RigormortislastslongerthanusualinArsenicpoisoning,Aconiteis
extremelyunstable&isdestroyedbyputrefaction
59.Pinpointpupilnotseenin:
a)Aconite
b)Opium
c)Alcohol
d)Cannabis
e)Organophosphorus
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D
Ans:a.Aconite,c.Alcohol&d.Cannabis
[RefReddy33rd/6191]
Aconite:Thepupilsalternatelycontract&dilate(hippus),butremain
dilatedinlaterstages.Acutealcoholpoisoning:pupildilated&
reacting"
Opiumpoisoning:Thepupilsarecontractedtopinpointsize&do
notreacttolightbutdilateduringtheagonalasphyxiaphasecaused
byrespiratorydepression&ultimateparalysis.
Phenothiazines,Resting(deepsleep),Opiates,Narcotics,Stroke
(pontinehemorrhage),Lomotil(diphenoxylate),Insecticides,
Mushrooms/Muscarinic(inocybe,clitocybe)
This post was last modified on 11 August 2021