Download PGI PG 2020 May Ophthal Solved Question Paper

1.Causesofhypopyoninclude?
a)Retinitispigmentosa
b)Fungalkeratitis
c)Episcleritis
d)Bacterialkeartitis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

e)Multiplesclerosis
CorrectAnswer-B:D:E
Answer-B,D,E
Hypopyonreferstoaccumulationofpolymorphonuclearleucocytes
inthelowerangleofanteriorchamber.Itisusuallyaccompaniedby

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

rednessoftheconjunctivaandtheunderlyingepisclera.

---

2.Superiorrectuspalsycauses?
a)Hypotropiatosameside
b)Headtilttooppositeside
c)Blapheroptosis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Diplopiawhilelookingonsameside
e)Hypertropiaonoppositeside
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D
Answer-A,B,D
Muscleparalysed-Superiorrectuspalsy

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Deviationofeye-Infero-medially(left)(Hypotropia)
Maximumdiplopiawhilelooking-left(temporal)andsuperiortoleft
eyetotheleft
Headposition-Tiltedtotherightandturned

---

3.Trueregardingtarsalplateis/are?

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

a)Actsaskeletonforeyelids
b)Widerinuppereyelids
c)HaveMebomianglands
d)Attachedtolateralpalpebralsuperiosisligaments
e)Inferiorplateissemilunarinshape

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Answer-A,B,C,D
Thetarsi(tarsalplates)arelocateddirectlyabovethelidmargins.
Themedialandlateralendsofthetarsiareattachedtotheorbital
rimsbythemedialandlateralpalpebralligaments.

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Thesuperiortarsusislargerandwider.
Thelowerborderofthesuperiortarsusformstheposteriorlid
margin
Theinferiortarsusisellipticalinform.
TheymaycontainMeibormianglandsandeyelashfollicles.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

4.InFielddefectsseeninpituitaryadenoma
is
a)Bitemporalhemianopia
b)Binasalhemianopia
c)Quadronopian

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

d)Pieinthesky
e)Amaurosisinoneeye&temporalheminopiainothereye
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Answer-A,B,C,D
Central(sagittal)chiasmaticiesionsBitemporalhemianopia

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

LateralchiasmaticlesionsBinasalhemianopia
Lesiontochiasmaproducesuppertemporalquandaranticvisual
fielddefect(uppertemporalquandarantichemianopia)
Initiallypituiatrylesionscausesvisualfieldinoneofupperquadrant,
itisalsocalled'pieinthesky'.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

---

5.Advantageofcontinuouscurvilinear
capsulorhexisovercanopenertechnique-
a)Preferredmethodofanteriorcapsulotomyinphaco
emulsification
b)Morechancesofposteriorcapsularopacification

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

c)Keepsthenucleusinplace
d)Resistsradialtears
e)Helpsinstabilizingandcenteringthelensimplant
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
Answer-A,C,D,E,Preferredmethodofanteriorcapsulotomy

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

inphacoemulsification(C)Keepsthenucleusinplace
(D)Resistsradialtears(E)Helpsinstabilizingandcentering
thelensimplant
Can-opener'stechnique.Initanirrigatingcystitome(orsimplya26
gaugeneedle,bentatitstip)isintroducedintotheanteriorchamber

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

andmultiplesmallradialcutsaremadeintheanteriorcapsulefor
360degree.
Condnuouscircularcapsulorhexis(CCC)-Recentlythisisthemost
commonlyperformedprocedure.Inthistheanteriorcapsuleistorn
inacircularfashioneitherwiththehelpofanirrigatingbent-needle

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

cystitomeorwithacapsulorrhexisforceps.
Can-openercapsulotomycanbeusedwithphacoemulsificotion.
CCCresistsradialtears
CCCstabilizesthenucleus.
CCCalsohelpsstabilizeandcentrethelensimplant.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

---

6.Trueaboutcomponentofvision2020-
a)Cataractsurgeryshouldbeperformedatprimarylevel
b)Retinalsurgeryshouldbeperformedattertiarylevel
c)Needtodevelop10centreofexcellenceattertiaryleveland
100trainingcentreatadvancedtertiarylevel

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

d)Ophthalmianeonatorumisincludedinchildhoodblindness
e)Primaryvisioncentercoversapopulationof50000
CorrectAnswer-B:D:E
Answer-B,Retinalsurgeryshould...D,Ophthalmia
neonatorum...E,Primaryvisioncenter...

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Attheprimarylevel,thehealthworkerscreensforcataractand,
reportsthosewithvisionlessthanalocallydeterminedguideline.
Atthesecondarylevel,cataractsurgeryshouldbeperfomedwith
equalemphasisonthequalityandquantityofsurgery
Atthetertiarylevelliestheprovisionoffacilitiesforsurgical

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

treatmentofcomplicatedcasessuchascongenitalcataract,
subluxatedlens,complicatedcataractsandcataractassociatedwith
systemicdiseases.
TheGovernmentofIndiahasadopted'Vision2020:RighttoSight'
under'NationalProgrammeforControlofBlindness'.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Targetdiseasesidentifiedforinterventionunder'Vision
2020'initiativeinIndiaincluded-
1. Cataract,
2. Childhoodblindness,
3. Refractiveerrorsandlowvision,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Cornealblindness,
5. Diabeticretinopathy,

---

6. Glaucoma,and
7. Trachoma(focal)
Childhoodblindness-

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Commoncausesofchildhoodblindnessareophthalmia
neonatorum,injuries,congenitalcataract.
Eyecareinfrastructuredevelopment-
PrimarylevelVisionCentre:Thereisaneedtodevelop20000vision
centres.

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Secondarylevel-secondarylevelpopulatianof500000
EachadvancedtertiaryLevelcenterofexcellencewillcatertoa
populationof50millions.

---

7.TrueaboutNodularepiscleritis-
a)CanbeassociatedwithSLE

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Takelongertimetoresolvethandiffusevariety
c)Moresymptomaticthandiffusetype
d)Painless
e)Elevatedhardnodule
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:E

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Answer-A,CanbeassociatedwithSLEB,Takelongertimeto
resolvethandiffusevarietyC,Moresymptomaticthandiffuse
typeE,Elevatedhardnodule
Thisisabenigninflammatoryaffectationofthedeepsubconjunctival
connectivetissues,includingthesuperficial

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

sclerallamellae,andfrequentlyaffectsbotheyes.
Twotypesofpresentationsmayoccur:
1. simpleordiffuseepiscleritis;and
2. nodularepiscleritis.
Innodularepisclerittsacircumscribednoduleofdenseleucocytic

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

infiltrationwhichisishard,tenderandimmovable.
Nodularepisleritistendstobemoresymptomaticandtakeslongerto
resolve.
Nodularepiscleritisischaracterizedbyapinkorpurpleflatnodule.
Bothepiscleritisandscleritisaremainlyseeninadultscanbe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

associatedwithotherconditionssuchasrheumatoidarthritisand
systemiclupuserythematosus(SLE).
Theremaybelittleornopain.

---

8.Trueaboutphthisisbulbi-
a)Sizeofeyedecreases

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

b)Removedbyenucleationoperationespeciallyifpainful
c)IOPincreasesinlatestage
d)CalcificationmayoccurinBowman'slayerofcornea
e)None
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Answer-A,B,D,Sizeofeyedecreases(B)Removedby
enucleationoperationespeciallyifpainful(D)Calcificationmay
occurinBowman'slayerofcornea
Itisthefinalstageendresultofanyformofchronicuveitis.
Asaresultofittheeyebecomessoft,shrinksandeventually

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

becomesasmallatrophicglobe(phthisisbulbi).
Commonlytheretinalpigmentedepitheliummayundergoa
metaplasialeadingtointraocularossification(calcification)inthe
end-stageofphthisisbulbi.
Enucleation+/-prosthesisinsertlonisperformedifthereis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

associatedchronicpainorforcosmeticreasons.

---

9.Whichtypeofcataractis/areassociated
withMyotonicdystrophy:
a)Posteriorsubcapsular
b)Anteriorsubcapsular

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Nuclearcataract
d)Corticalcataract
e)Alloftheabove
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer-A.Posteriorsubcapsular

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Myotonlcdystrophyisassociatedwith,posteriorsubcapsulartypeof
presenilecataract.Christmastreecataractistypicallyseeninthis
condition.

---

10.WhatistheWHOcriteriafordefining
blindness:

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

a)<3/60visionwithavailablecorrection
b)<6/60visionwithavailablecorrection
c)<3/60visionwithbestcorrection
d)<6/60visionwithbestcorrection
e)<3/60visionwithoutcorrection

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C.<3/60visionwithbestcorrection
AsperWHO,blindnessisdefinedasVisualacuityoflessthan3/60
inthebettereyewithbestpossiblecorrection.

---

11.TrueaboutAcanthamoebickeratitis-

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

a)Moreinthosewearingrigidgaspermeablethansoftcontact
lensesuser
b)Canoccurasopportunisticinfectioninpatientswithherpetic
keratitis
c)Canbeculturedonnon-nutrientagarenrichedwithE.coli

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

d)Painfulcondition
e)Radialkerato-neuritismayoccur
CorrectAnswer-B:C:D:E
Answer-B,Canoccurasopportunisticinfection..C,Canbe
culturedonnon-nutrient...D,PainfulconditionE,Radialkerato-

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

neuritismayoccur
Cornealinfectionwithacanthamoebaresultsfromdirectcorneal
contactwithanymaterialorwatercontaminatedwiththeorganism.
Itsoccurrenceisfrequentlyassociatedwiththewearingofsoft
contactlenses.

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Acanthamoebakeratitiscanalsooccurasopportunisticinfectionin
patientswithherpetickeratitis,bacterialkeratitis,bullouskeratopathy
andneuroparalytickeratitis.
Symptoms-
Veryseverepain

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Initiallesionsofacanthamoebakeratitisareintheformfineepithelial
andsubepithelialopacities,andradialkerato-neuritis.
Laboratorydiagnosis:Cultureonnon-nutrientagat(E.colienriched)

---

12.Whichofthefollowingisthefeatureof
sodiumfluoresceinangiography

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

comparedtoindocyaninegreen
angiography:
a)Inchoroidalcirculationitpassesfreelyacrosstheendothelium
b)Diffusefreelythroughretinalcapillaries
c)Albuminbindingislessthanindocyaninegreen

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

d)Bind<50%toalbumin
e)Stimulatedbyalongerwavelengthoflight
CorrectAnswer-A:C
Answer-A,C,Inchoroidalcirculationitpassesfreelyacross
theendothelium(C)Albuminbindingislessthanindocyanine

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

green
Uponenteringthecirculation,approximately8O%ofthedye
moleculcsbindtoplasmaproteins.
Indocyaninegreen:bindsprimarily(95%)toalbumin.
Inthechoroidalcirculation,fluoresceinpassesfreelyacrossthe

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

endotheliumofthecapillariestotheextravascularspaces
Aphysiologicalbarriertothedyepresentsthepassageacross
Bruch'smembraneandtheintactretinalpignentepithelium.
Thefunduscamerahasamechanismtousebluelight(420-49Onm
wavelength)forexcitingthefluoresceinpresentinbloodvessels.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

---

13.Trueaboutferritinlineineye:
a)Ferry'sLine-cornealepithelialironlineattheedgeoffiltering
blebs
b)StockersLine-Cornealepithelialironlineattheedgeof
pterygium

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

c)Hudson-Stahliline-visibleallaroundthebaseofconein
Keratoconus
d)Fleischer'sring:Horizonatlcornealepithelialironlineatthe
inferioronethirdofcorneaduetoaging
e)Coat'swhitering-Aformofirondepositatthelevelof

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Bowman'slayerofcornea
CorrectAnswer-A:B:E
Answer-A,Ferry'sLine-cornealepithelial...B,StockersLine-
Cornealepithelial...E,Coat'swhitering-Aformofirondeposit
...

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Ferry'sLine=cornealepithelialironlineattheedgeoffiltering
blebs.
StockersLine-Cornealepithelialironlineattheedgeofpterygium
Hudson-StahilLine=Horizontalcornealepithelialironlineatthe
inferioronethirdofcorneaduetoaging.

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Fleischer'sring:VisibleallaroundthebaseofconeinKeratoconus
Coat'sring:remnantsofaforeignbody.Theremnantsarefineiron
depositsinthecornea.

---

14.Cause(s)ofcystoidmacularedemais/are
a)Diabetesmellitus

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

b)Aftercataractsurgery
c)Retinitispigmentosa
d)Rheugmatogenousretinaldetachment
e)Pilocarpinedrop
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Answer-A,DiabetesmellitusB,AftercataractsurgeryC,Retinitis
pigmentosa
Causesofmacularedemaare-
Metabolicalteration:-Diabetes,retinitispigmentosa,Inherited
cystoidmacularedema(CME).

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ischemia;-CRVO,Diabeticretinopathy,severehypertensive
retinopathy,HELLPsyndrome,vasculitis.
Mechanicalforce:-Vitreoustractiononthemacula.
Inflammation:-Intermediateuveitis,Post-operativeCME,choroidal
inflammatorydiseases.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Pharmacotoxicity:-Epinephrine(inAphakia),Betaxolal,
Latanoprost.

---

15.Whichofthefollowingis/areprimary
glaucoma
a)Infantileglaucoma

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

b)Openangleglaucuma
c)Steroidinducedglaucoma
d)Aphakicglaucoma
e)Phacogenicglaucoma
CorrectAnswer-A:B

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Answer-A,InfantileglaucomaB,Openangleglaucuma
Primaryadultglaucomas
Primaryopenangleglaucoma
Primaryangleclosureglaucoma
Primarymixedmechanismglaucoma

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Primarycongenital/developmental(withoutassociatedanomalies):-
Congenital,Infantile,Juvenile

---

16.Trueaboutdischargefromeye
a)Epiphoraisdueexcessivesecretionoftear
b)Mucopurulentdischargeinacuteconjunctivitis

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

c)Mucopurulentdischargeinacuteiridocyclitis
d)Waterydischargeinacutecongestiveglaucoma
e)None
CorrectAnswer-B:D
Answer-B,Mucopurulentdischargeinacute

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

conjunctivitisD,Waterydischargeinacutecongestive
glaucoma
Acuteconjuctivitis-
Discharge-Mucopurulent
Colouredhalos-Maybepresent

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Acuteiridocylitis-
Discharge-Watery
Colouredhalos-Absent
Acutecongestiveglucoma-
Discharge-Watery

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Colouredhalos-Present
Obstructiontotheoutflowofnormallysecretedtearsordueto
lacrimalpumpfailure-->Epiphora
Excessivesecretionoftearshyperlacrimation

---

17.Trueaboutadenovirusconjunctivitis-

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

a)Oneofthemostcommoncauseofviralconjunctivitis
b)Itislesscontagiousthanotherviralconjunctivitis
c)Pharyngoconjunctivalfeveriscausedby3&7types
d)Maycausehemorrhagicconjunctivitis
e)Conjunctivalfollicles

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
Answer-A,Oneofthemostcommoncauseofviral
conjunctivitisC,Pharyngoconjunctivalfeveriscausedby3&7
typesD,MaycausehemorrhagicconjunctivitisE,Conjunctival
follicles

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Viralconjunctivitisismostfrequentlycausedbyanadenovirus.
Pharyngoconjunctivialfever(PCF)iscausedbyadenovirusserovars
3,4and7.
Thespreadofthishighlycontagiousdiseaseisfacilitatedbythe
abilityofviralparticles.

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Prominentconjunctivalhyperaemiaandfollicles.
Severeinflammationmaybeassociatedwithconjunctival
heamorrhages(usuallypetechialinadenoviralinfection),
Chemosis,membranes(rare)andpseudomembranes.

---

18.OcularfindingsinvitaminAdeficiency

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Parenchymatousconjunctivalxerosis
b)X-2isconjunctivalxerosis
c)Earliestsymptomisnightblindness
d)Conjunctivalxerosisisearliestocularsign
e)All

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-C:D
Answer-C,EarliestsymptomisnightblindnessD,Conjunctival
xerosisisearliestocularsign
ThemostcharacteristicandspecificsignsofvitaminAdeficiency
areeyelesions.

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Xerophthalmia(dryeye)
Ithasfollowingsequentialstagesnightblindness(earliestocular
symptom),conjunctivalxerosis(earliestocularsign),Bitot'sspot,
cornealxerosisandKeratomalaciawithcornealulcer.
Xerosisofconjunctivareferstoaconditionwheretheconjunctiva

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

becomesdryandlusterless.

---

19.Ectopialentisisassociatedwithallexcept
-
a)Homocystinuria
b)Weil-Marchesanisyndrome

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Marfansyndrome
d)Cockaynesyndrome
e)Osteogenesisimperfecta
CorrectAnswer-D:E
Answer-(D)Cockaynesyndrome(E)Osteogenesisimperfecta

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Morecommon:
Marfansyndrome
Homocystinuria
Weil-Marchesanisyndrome
Sulfiteoxidasedeficiency

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Hyperlysinemia

---

20.Unilaterallydilatedpupilisseenin
a)Homer'ssyndrome
b)Adie'spupil
c)ArgyllRoberstonpupil

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

d)61hCranialnervepalsy
e)3rdnervepalsy
CorrectAnswer-B:E
Answer-B,Adie'spupilE,3rdnervepalsy
Mydriaticeyedrops(Atropine,scopolamine)

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Postganglionicmydriasis(Adie'spupil)
Preganglionicmydriasis(3rdnervepalsy)
Acuteangleclosuregloucoma
OcularProsthesis
Trauma:postraumaticiridocyclitis

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Physiologicalanisocor

---

21.Featureofmycoticcornealulcer-
a)Featherymargins
b)Non-sterilehypopyon
c)Satellitelesions

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

d)Ulcerserpens
e)Deepinvolvement
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:E
Answer-(A)Featherymargins(B)Non-sterilehypopyon
(C)Satellitelesions(E)Deepinvolvement

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Greyish-whitedrylookingulcerwiththeelevatedrolledoutfeathery
&hyphatemargins.
Featheryfingerlikeextensionintosurroundingstromaunderintact
epithelium.
Asterileimmunering(yellowline)ofWesseley.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Multiplesmallsatellitelesions.
Non-sterile(infected)hypopyon(Pseudohypopyon)containing
fungus.
Perforationisrareandcornealvascularizationisconspicuously
absent

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

---

22.Trueaboutfundoscopicfindingis/are
a)Lateralmarginofopticdiscisnormallyblurred
b)Opticdiscishorizontallyoval
c)Lossofspontaneausretinalvenouspulsationisseenin
increasedintracranialtension

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Blurringstartsfromnasalmargininincreasedintracranial
tension
e)None
CorrectAnswer-C:D
Answer-C,Lossofspontaneausretinal...D,Blurringstartsfrom

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

nasal...
Signsofpapilloedema(increasedintracranialtension)
Blurringorobscurationofdiscmargin(Firstsign).Blurringstartsat
upperandlowernasalmarginsandextendsaroundnasalside,while
temporalmarginislasttoinvolve.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Venousengorgmentandvenouscongestion.
Thereisfillingofphysiologicalcupwithgradualobliteration
ofphysiologicalcup.

---

23.Allaretrueaboutcentralretinalartery
occlusion(CRAO)except

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

a)Mostcommonlyoccursduetothromboembolus
b)Anteriorchamberparacentesisisusedfortreatment
c)Suddenpainfullossofvision
d)Occursduetoobstructionofretinalarteryattheleveloflamina
cribrosa

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

e)Macularareashowscherry-redspot
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C.Suddenpainfullossofvision
Patientnoticessuddenpainlesslossofvision.
Patients'swithapatentcilioretinalarterymayretaincentralvisionas

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

themaculaisspared.
Emboliarethemostcommoncauseofretinalarteryocclusion.
Obstructionoccursattheleveloflaminacribrosa.
Thelargerretinalarteriesareconstuictedandlooklikethinthreads
whilethesmallervesselsarescarcelyvisible.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Thefundusappearsmilkywhitebecauseofretinaledema.
Thereischerry-redspotatthemacula.
Bloodcolumnwithintheretinalveinsissegmented(Cattletracking)

---

24.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrueabout
mediallongitudinalfasciculus(MLF)and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

itslesionexcept-
a)Unilaterallesionresultinadductionpalsyofoppositeeye
b)MLFconnectssixthcranialnervenucleusofonesidewiththe
thirdcranialnervenucleusoftheotherside
c)MLFisresponsibleforconjugateeyemovements

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

d)Itisanintegralcomponentofsaccadiceyemovements
e)Abductingnystagmusoftheeyecontralateraltothe
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer-A.Unilaterallesionresultinadductionpalsyof
oppositeeye

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Voluntaryhorizontalgazeinonedirectionbeginswiththe
contralateralfrontaleyefields
Contralateralparamedianpontinereticularformation(PPRF),which
istheorganizingcenterforlateralgazeinthebrainstem
Medialrectusmuscleweaknessimpsilateraltothesideofthelesion

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

withparesisofadductionoradductionlag.

---

25.Nottrueaboutbluesclera
a)Seeninosteogenesisimpertca
b)DoesnotseeninEhlers-danlossyndrome
c)Bluecolourisproducedbyunderlyinguvealpigment

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

d)Seeninmarfan'ssyndrome
e)Scleraisthin
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer-B.DoesnotseeninEhlers-danlossyndrome
BlueScleraischaracterizedbymarked,generalizedblue

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

discolourationofscleraduetothinning,Theuvealpigmentshines
throughthethinscleraandproducesthebluecolour.
CausesofblueSclera:
Pseudoxanthomaelasticum
Osteogenesisimperfecta

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ehlers-Danlossyndrome
Marfan'ssyndrome
Alkaptonuria
Hypophosphatasia
Juvenilepaget'sdisease

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Normalinnewborns
VanderHoeve'ssyndrome

---

26.Cornealulcerisdefinedas
a)Erosionofepitheliumonly
b)Erosionofendotheliumonly

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

c)Erosionofepithelium+underlyinginflammation
d)Lossofendotheliumwithlossofcornealsensation
e)None
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C.Erosionofepithelium+underlyinginflammation

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Cornealulcerreferstodiscontinuationinnormalepithelialsurfaceof
corneaassociatedwithnecrosisofthesurroundingcornealtissue

---

27.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrueabout
secondarycataract-
a)Treatmentofthickenedcapsulecanbedonebydiscissionwith

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

cystitome
b)TreatmentbyNd-YAGlaserposteriorcapsulotomy
c)Morecommonafterintracapsularcatractextractionthan
extracapsularcataractextraction
d)Posteriorcapsularopacification(PCO)

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

e)Anteriorsubcapsularcataract
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D
Answer-(A)Treatmentofthickenedcapsulecanbedoneby
discissionwithcystitome(B)TreatmentbyNd-YAGlaser
posteriorcapsulotomy(D)Posteriorcapsularopacification

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

(PCO)
Opacificationoftheposteriorcapsuleiscausedbypostoperative
proliferationofcellsinthecapsularbagandisthemostcommon
complicationofECCE.
Aftercataract,ifthin,canbeclearedcentrallybyNd:YAGlaser

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

capsulotomy.
Discissionwithcystitomeorzeigler'sknifemayalsobeused.

---

28.Postoperativeendophthalmitisincataract
surgerycanbepreventedbyuseof
a)Pre-operativeoralantibiotics

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

b)Intra-operativeIVantibiotics
c)Useofpovidone-iodinesolutiontopaintthelidsbeforesurgery
d)Cleaningandsterilizationofoperationtheatre
e)Postoptopicalantibiotics
CorrectAnswer-C:D:E

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer-C,Useofpovidone-iodinesolutiontopaintthelids
beforesurgeryD,Cleaningandsterilizationofoperation
theatreE,Postoptopicalantibiotics
Thepre-operativetopicalantibioticshouldbestarted3dayspriorto
surgery.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Preferredantibioticsarefourthgenerationfluoroquinolones
(gatifloxacin,moxifloxacin).
Thetopicalantisepticpovidoneiodine5%instilledasasingledrop
l0-30minutesbeforesurgeryisoneofthemosteffectivemeasure
todecreasethisbacterialflora.

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Methodofprophylaxysisagainstpostoperativeendophthalmitisisby
useofprovidonesolutionontheskinandinconjunctivalsac.
Post-operativelytopicalantibiotics(eyedrops)aregivenalongwith
steroidsforl0-14days.

---

29.Whichofthefollowingcanbeophthalmic

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

complicationofDMexcept-
a)Papillopathy
b)Snowflakecataract
c)Retinopathy
d)Rhegmatogenousretinaldetachment

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

e)Cystoidmacularoedema
CorrectAnswer-D
Answer-D.Rhegmatogenousretinaldetachment
Ocularmanifestationsofdiabeticretinopathyare-
1)Non-proliferativediabeticretinopathy(NPDR)-

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Microaneurysms
Retinalhemorrhage
Retinaledema(Retinalthickening)-macularedema.
2)Proliferativediabeticretinopathy(PDR)
HallmarkofPDRistheoccuranceofneovascularization

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3)Diabeticmaculopathy
Cataract(Snowflakesnowstorm)
Myopia(whenthereissuddenincreaseinbloodsugarlevel)
Rarelyhypermetropia
Cranialnervepalsy:3rd(mostcommon),4th,5th,7th.

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Diabeticpapillopathy

---

30.Trueaboutinferioropthalmicvein-
a)Smallerthansuperiorophthalmicvein
b)Connectedtothepterygoidvenousplexus
c)Formedatlateralwallandflooroforbit

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Passthroughsuperiororbitalfissure
e)Emptiesintosuperiorophthalmicvein
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D:E
Answer-(A)Smallerthansuperiorophthalmicvein
(B)Connectedtothepterygoidvenousplexus(D)Passthrough

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

superiororbitalfissure(E)Emptiesintosuperiorophthalmic
vein
1. Theinferiorophthalamicveinbeginsasavenousnetworknearthe
anteriorpartoforbitalfloornearmedialwalloforbit.
2. ItissmallerthanSuperiorophthalamicvein.

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Dividedintotwobranches-
1. Inferiororbitalfissuretojoinpterygoidvenousplexus
2. Superiororbitalfissuretodrainintoeithersuperiorophthalmicvein
orintocavernoussinus.

---

31.Whichofthefollowingstatement(s)is/are

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

trueabouteyelidglands-
a)Mollaremodifiedsebaceous
b)Tarsalglandsaremeibomianglands
c)Glandofzeisaresweatgland
d)Meibomianglandsaremodifiedsebaceousglands

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

e)Externalhordeolumisanacutesuppurativeinflammationof
glandofZeis
CorrectAnswer-B:D:E
Answer-(B)Tarsalglandsaremeibomianglands(D)Meibomian
glandsaremodifiedsebaceousglands(E)Externalhordeolum

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

isanacutesuppurativeinflammationofglandofZeis
Aneyelidisathinfoldofskinthatcoversandprotectstheanterior
surfaceofeyeball.
Eyelidcontainsmanyglandsas-
1. Meibomianglands-Thesearealsoknownastarsalglands

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

2. GlandsofZeis:Thesearesebaceousglands
3. GlandsofMoll-Thesearemodifiedsweatglands
4. AccessorylacrimalglandsofWolfring
Stye(Hordeolumexternum)-
Onsetisacute

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

EffectedglandisZeis'sgland
Typeofinflammationsuppurative
C/F-Acutepainandhardswelling
Treatment-
Hotfomentation,antibiotics

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

---

32.Allaretrueaboutcongenitalptosisexcept
a)Stimulusdeprivationamblyopiamayoccuriftreatmentis
delayed
b)Lidlagondowngaze
c)Prominenceoflidcrease

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

d)Lossoflidcrease
e)Associatedwithweaknessofthelevatorpalpebraesuperioris
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C.Prominenceoflidcrease
Ptosisisdroopingofuppereyelid.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Congenitalmyogenisptosis-
Itisthemostcommontypeofptosis.
Associatedwithcongenitalweaknessoflevatorpalpebraesperioris.
Characterisedbydroopingofeyelidswithabsentlidcreseandlid
lagondowngaze.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

---

33.Cause(s)ofinMydriasis:
a)Organophosphoruspoisoning
b)Homersyndrome
c)Oculomotornervepalsy
d)Parasympatheticstimulation

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

e)All
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C.Oculomotornervepalsy
Carbolicacid,Chloralhydrate,Organophosphorus,Morphine
(opiate)and'NewHorn'i.e.neurosyphilis/tabesdorsalis(spinal

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

miosisorsmall,irregularArgyllRobertsonpupil)andHorner's
syndrome,Oculomotornervepalsy.
Atropineandcocainecausemydriasis.

---

34.Whichofthefollowingis/arenotthe
feature(s)ofcornealulcerduetoherpes

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

virus:
a)RoseBengalstainingofmarginofulcer
b)Decreasedcornealsensitivity
c)Fluoresceinstainingofflooroftheulcer
d)Ringinfiltration

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

e)All
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C
Answer-A,RoseBengalstainingofmarginof
ulcerB,DecreasedcornealsensitivityC,Fluoresceinstainingof
flooroftheulcer

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

"Dendriticulcerbasestainswithfluorescein&themarginswithrose
Bengal.
Fluoresceininstallationilluminatedbybluelightshowsupcorneal
ulcerationatanearlystage.
Thecorneaisrelativelyinsensitive.Insevereforms,dendriticulcers

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

develop.

---

35.Trueaboutprimaryopenangleglaucoma:
a)Alsok/aChronicsimpleglaucoma
b)Hypermeteropeasaremorepredisposed
c)Polygenicinheritance

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

d)Laseriridotomyisusedfortreatment
e)Fundusexaminationrevealslargecup
CorrectAnswer-A:C:E
Answer-(A)Alsok/aChronicsimpleglaucoma(C)Polygenic
inheritance(E)Fundusexaminationrevealslargecup

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Alsoknownaschronicsimpleglaucomaofadultonsetandis
typicallycharacterizedbyslowlyprogressiveraisedintraocular
pressure.
Associatedwithcharacteristicopticdisccuppingandspecificvisual
fielddefects.

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Pathogenesis-
Heredity:POAGhasapolygenicinheritance.
Age-elderlybetween5thand7thdecades.
Myopesaremorepredisposedthanthenormals.
DiabeticshaveahigherprevalenceofPOAG.

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

POAGismoreinhyPertensives.
C/F
patientsusuallycomplainoffrequentchangesinpresbyopicglasses.
Patientsdevelopdelayeddarkadaptation.
Fundusexaminationshowlargecup.(0.6ormore)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Laseriridotomyisusedfortreatmentofprimaryangleclosure
glaucoma.

---

36.Cloudycorneais/areseen:
a)Klinefeltersyndrome
b)Turnersyndrome

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Megalocornea
d)Mucopolysaccharidosis
e)All
CorrectAnswer-D
Answer-D.Mucopolysaccharidosis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

S-Sclerocornea
T-Trauma
U-Ulcer
M-Mucopolysaccharidosis
P-Peteranomaly

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ED-Congenitalhereditaryendothelialdystrophy

---

37.Trueaboutiris:
a)Eyecolourisduetorelativenumberofmelanocytes
b)Stromaisresponsibleforpigmentation
c)Sphincterpupillaeissuppliedbyparasympatheticfibres

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

d)Dilatorpupillaeissuppliedbysympatheticfibres
e)Stromaiscoveredonitsanteriorsurfacebytwolayersof
pigmentedepithelium
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:E
Answer-A,Eyecolourisduetorelativenumberof

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

melanocytesB,Stromaisresponsiblefor
pigmentationC,Sphincterpupillaeissuppliedby
parasympatheticfibresE,Stromaiscoveredonitsanterior
surfacebytwolayersofpigmentedepithelium
Eyecolorisdeterminedbytherelativenumberofmelanocyteinthe

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

stromaandofcoursethedensityofmelaningranulesproduced.
Irisiscomposedofastromacantainingbranchedconnectivetissue
cells,usuallypigmentedbutlargelyunpigmentedinblueirides.
Thestromaiscoveredonitsposteriorsurfacebytwolayersof
pigmentedepithelium.

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Theirisisrichlysuppliedbysensorynervefibresderivedfromthe
trigeminalnerve.
Thesphincterpupillaeissuppliedbyparasympatheticautonomous
secretomotornervefibresderivedfromtheoculomotornerve,while
themotorfibresofthedilatormusclearcdefivedfromthecervical

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

sympatheticchain.

---

38.NotfeatureofFuch's
heterochromiciridocyclitis:
a)Whitenodulesontheanteriorsurfaceoftheiris
b)Koppeprecipitatespresentatbackofcornea

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

c)Granulomatoustypeoflowgradeanterioruveitis
d)Topicalcorticosteroidsareusedfortreatment
e)All
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C.Granulomatoustypeoflowgradeanterioruveitis

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Fuchs'heterochromiciridocyclitisisachronicnongranulornatous
typeoflowgradeanterioruveitis.
Thediseaseischaracterisedby:
Heterochromiaofiris,
Diffusestromalirisatrophy,

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

FineKPsatbackofcornea,
Faintaqueousflare,
Absenceofposteriorsynechiae
Topicalcorticosteroidsareallthatisrequired.

---

39.Whichofthefollowingvitamindeficiency

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

cancausecentrocecalscotoma:
a)VitA
b)VitE
c)B6
d)B2

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

e)B12
CorrectAnswer-E
Answer-E.B12
Fielddefectinvolvingboththemaculaandtheblindspot.
Seeninopticnervedisease.

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

TypicalofvitaminB12deficiencyopticneuropathy.
Damagetopapillomacularfiberscausesacecocentralscotomamay
developinopticneuritis,nutritionalopticneuropathy,
toxicopticneuropathy,Leber'shereditaryopticneuropathy,and
compressiveopticneuropathy.

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

---

40.Trueaboutelectroretinogram:
a)awave-arisesfromrodsandcones
b)bwave-d/tactivityofbipolarcells
c)b-waveresponseissubnormalinearlycasesofretinitis
pigmentosa

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

d)cwave-representingmetabolicactivityofpigmentepithe-lium
e)BestdiseaseshowsabnormalERG
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Answer-(A)awave-arisesfromrodsandcones(B)bwave-d/t
activityofbipolarcells(C)b-waveresponseissubnormalin

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

earlycasesofretinitispigmentosa(D)cwave-representing
metabolicactivityofpigmentepithe-lium
Thechangesinducedbythestimulationoflightintheresting
potentialoftheeyearemeasuredbyelectroretinography.Itis
extinguishedorabsentincompletefailureoffunctionofrodsand

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

cones,e.g.pigmentaryretinaldystrophy,completeocclutionof
retinalartery,completeretinaldetachment,advancedsiderosisetc.
1. Negative'a'waverepresenttheactivityinrodsandcones.
2. Positive'b'wavearisesininnerretinallayers.
3. Positive'c'waveisassociatedwiththepigmentaryepithelium

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

---

41.TrueaboutCiliarybody:
a)Itformsaqueoushumour
b)Anteriorsmoothpartiscalledparsplana
c)Ciliaryprocessesarefinger-likeprojectionsfromthepars
plicatapart

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Ciliarymuscleshelpinaccommodation
e)All
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D
Answer-(A)Itformsaqueoushumour(C)Ciliaryprocessesare
finger-likeprojectionsfromtheparsplicatapart(D)Ciliary

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

muscleshelpinaccommodation
Ciliarybodyisforwardcontinuationofthechoroidatoraserrata.
Itistriangularinshape
TheinnersideofthetriangleisdividedintotwoParts:
1. anteriorpart-palsPlicata(finger-likeciliaryprocesses)

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

2. posteriorpart-parsplana(smoothpart)
Microscopicstructure-fivelayers
Supraciliarylamina
Stromaoftheciliarybody
Layerofpigmentedepithelium

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Layerofnon-pigmentedepithelium
Internallimitingmembrane
Functionsofciliarybody.
1. Formationofaqueoushumour.
2. Ciliarymuscleshelpinaccommodation

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

---

42.Whichofthefollowingstatement(s)is/are
trueaboutJonesdyetest:
a)Doneforassessmentofepiphora
b)Positivetest-1:primaryhypersecretion
c)Negativetest-1:partialobstructionorfailureoflacrimalpump

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

mechanism
d)Positivetest-2:failureoflacrimalpumpmechanism
e)Negativetest-2:partialobstruction
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C
Answer-(A)Doneforassessmentofepiphora(B)Positivetest-

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

1:primaryhypersecretion(C)Negativetest-1:partial
obstructionorfailureoflacrimalpumpmechanism
Jonesdyetestsareofnovalueinthepresenceoftotalobstruction.
Dye-stainedcottonbudindicatesadequatedrainage&primary
hypersecretion

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Unstainedcottonbudindicateseitherapartialobstructionorfailure
oflacrimalpumpmechanlsm
Primarytestisnegativeinferiormeatusandlacrimalsyringingis
performed
Negativetestpartialobstruction

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Negativetestindicatespresenceoflacrimalpumpfailure.

---

43.TrueaboutKayser-Fleischerring-
a)Depositionofcopper
b)Depositionofiron
c)FoundinWilsondisease

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)DepositionunderDescemet'smembraneofthecornea
e)None
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D
Answer-(A)Depositionofcopper(C)FoundinWilsondisease
(D)DepositionunderDescemet'smembraneofthecornea

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Kayser-Fleischerringstaketheformofacrescenticrusty-brown
discolorationofthedeepestlayerofthecornea(Descemet
membrane)
Kayser-FleischerringsareasignofWilson'sdisease,whichinvolves
abnormalcopperhandlingbytheliverresultingincopper

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

accumulationinthebody.
Characterisedbyabnormalitiesofthebasalgangliaofthebrain,liver
cirrhosis,splenomegaly,involuntarymovements,musclerigidity,
psychiatricdisturbances,dystoniaanddysphagia.

---

44.Ectopialentisis/areassociatedwith:

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

a)Homocystinuria
b)Alportsyndrome
c)Lowesyndrome
d)Marfansyndrome
e)Sulphiteoxidasedeficiency

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-A:D:E
Answer-(A)Homocystinuria(D)Marfansyndrome(E)Sulphite
oxidasedeficiency
Marfansyndrome
Homocystinuria

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Weil-Marchesanisyndrome
Sulfiteoxidasedeficiency
Hyperlysinemia

---

45.Trueaboutcongenitalesotropia:
a)Amblyopiamaydevelops

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

b)Angleofdeviationisusuallyfixed&large
c)Surgeryshouldbedoneafter2year
d)Onsetonlyafter1yearofage
e)Maybeassociatedwithinferiorobliqueoveraction
CorrectAnswer-A:B:E

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Answer-(A)Amblyopiamaydevelops(B)Angleofdeviationis
usuallyfixed&large(E)Maybeassociatedwithinferioroblique
overaction
Ageofonset,isusually1-2monthsofage,butoccuranytimein
first6monthsoflife.

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Angleofdeviationisusuallyconstant&fairlylarge.
Amblyopiadevelopsin25-40%ofcases
Associationsincludeinferiorobliqueoveractiondissociatedvertical
deviation(DVD).
Treatment-

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Timeofsurgery:Surgeryshouldbedoneb/w6monthsto2years
(preferablybefore1yrofage)

---

46.Periosteumoforbitisstronglyattached
to:
a)Medialwalloforbit

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

b)Lateralwalloforbit
c)Flooroforbit
d)Roofoforbit
e)Sutureslines
CorrectAnswer-E

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Answer-(E)Sutureslines
Periorbita:Itistheperiostealliningoforbitalwalls.Theperiorbitais
attachedtothesuturelines,fissuresandforaminaoftheorbit.
Posteriorlytheperiorbitaiscontinuouswiththeopticnervesheath.

---

47.Poorprognosticfactorforretinoblastoma

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

includes:
a)>4mmsizeoftumour
b)>2mmsizeoftumor
c)Associatedglaucoma
d)Undifferentiatedtumourcells

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

e)Sclerainvolvement
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
Answer-(A)>4mmsizeoftumour(C)Associatedglaucoma
(D)Undifferentiatedtumourcells(E)Sclerainvolvement
(>4mmsizeoftumor)mighthavepoorprognosis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Childrenwithretinoblastomawhodevelopglaucomatendtohavea
worseprognosis.
Opticnerveinvolvement,undifferentiatedtumourcellsandmassive
choroidalinvasion.

---

48.TrueaboutA-Vpatternheterotropia

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

squint:
a)ThetermsAor'V'patternsquintarelabelledwhentheamount
ofdeviationinsquintingeyevariesbymorethan10?and15?,
respectively,betweenupwardanddownwardgaze.
b)ThetermsA!or'V'patternsquintarelabelledwhentheamount

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

ofdeviationinsquintingeyevariesbymorethan20?and25?,
respectively,betweenupwardanddownwardgaze.
c)Usually,overactionoftheinferiorobliqueorweaknessof
superiorobliqueleadstoaApattern&overactionofthe
superiorobliqueorweaknessofinferiorobliquetoanVpattern

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

d)Usually,overactionoftheinferiorobliqueorweaknessof
superiorobliqueleadstoaVpattern&overactionofthe
superiorobliqueorweaknessofinferiorobliquetoanApattern
e)ObliquemuscledysfunctionisthecommonestcauseofAV
pattern

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-A:D:E
Answer-(A)ThetermsAor'V'patternsquintarelabelledwhen
theamountofdeviationinsquintingeyevariesbymorethan
10?and15?,respectively,betweenupwardanddownwardgaze.
(D)Usually,overactionoftheinferiorobliqueorweaknessof

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

superiorobliqueleadstoaVpattern&overactionofthe
superiorobliqueorweaknessofinferiorobliquetoanApattern
(E)ObliquemuscledysfunctionisthecommonestcauseofAV
pattern
ThetermsKor'V'patternsquintarelabelledwhentheamountof

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

deviationinsquintingeyevariesbymorethan

---

deviationinsquintingeyevariesbymorethan
l0and15,respectively,betweenupwardanddownwardgaze.
Aand'V'esotropia:InAesotropiatheamountofdeviationincreases
inupwardgaznand,decreasesindownwardgaze.

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Thereverseoccursin'V'esotropia.
'Aand'V'exotropia:ln"A"exotropiatheamountofdeviation
decreasesinupwardgazearad,increasesindownwardgaze.
Thereverseoccursin'V'exotropia.

---

49.Trueaboutcongenitalesotropia:

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

a)Onsetisonlyafter1yearofage
b)Amblyopiamaydevelop
c)Angleofdeviationisusuallyfixed&large
d)Surgeryshoulddoneafter2years
e)None

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-B:C
Answer-(B)Amblyopiamaydevelop(C)Angleofdeviationis
usuallyfixed&large
Asarule,thedeviationisequaltoorlargerthan35prismdiopters
(17.5?)Qandiscomitant,measuringroughlythesameinallgaze

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

positions,distanceandnear(i.e.large&stableangleofdeviation)
Amblyopiadevelopsin25-40%ofcases
Treatment:Surgeryistreatmentofchoice
Timeofsurgery:Surgeryshotldbedoneb/w6monthsto2years
(preferablybefore1yrofage)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

50.Trueaboutlensofeye:
a)Avascular
b)Growthtakesplacethroughoutlife
c)Deriveitsnutritionfromaqueoushumour
d)Transparent

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

e)Ectodermalinorigin
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D:E
Answer-(A)Avascular(B)Growthtakesplacethroughoutlife
(D)Transparent(E)Ectodermalinorigin
Lensisatransparent,bi-convex,crystallinestructure.

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Lenscapsule:Thickestatpre-equatorregion&thinnestatthe
posteriorpole.
"Thelensgrowinsizecontinuouslythroughoutlife.
Thelensoftheeyeisdevelopedfromathickenedareaofsurface
ectoderm,thelensplacode.

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Sourceofnutrientsupply:Thecrystallinelens,beinganavascular
structure.

---

51.Featuresofocularischemicsyndrome
includesallexcept:
a)Microaneurysm

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Dot&blothaemorrhage
c)Morecommoninelderlywomenthanmen
d)Discedema
e)Amaurosisfugax
CorrectAnswer-C:D

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer-(C)Morecommoninelderlywomenthanmen(D)Disc
edema
Ocularischaemicsyndromereferstoarareconditionresultingfrom
chronicocularhypoperfusionsecondarytocarotidarterystenosis.
Riskfactors-malegender,oldage(60-90years)smoking,for

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

carotidstanceshypertension,
Clinicalfeatures-
Amaurosisfugax
Retinalarteryocclusion
Transientcerebralischaemicattacks

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Usuallyunilateral
Pain-ocularorperiorbital
Fundusexaminationmayreveal:
Retinashowmidperipheraldotandblothaemorrhages,
microaneurysmsandcottonwoolspots.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

---

52.Allareocularemergencyexcept:
a)Eyeinjury
b)Sympatheticophthalmitis
c)Retinalarteryocclusion
d)CRVO

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

e)Bacterialendophthalmitis
CorrectAnswer-D
Answer-(D)CRVO
Comonophthalmicemergenciesare:-
Acutecongestiveglaucoma

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Rupturedglobe
Ulcerativeortraumaticcornealdiseases
Opticneuritis
Hyphema
Endophthalmitis

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Acuteblindness
Orbitalcellulitis
Eyelidorconjunctivallaceration
Centralretinalarterialocclusion(CRAG)
Anteriorlenssubluxation

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Retinaldetachment

---

53.Allaretrueregardingcorneaexcept:
a)Endotheliumhelpinmaintainingdehydratedstate
b)Oxygenismostlyderivedbyepitheliumdirectlyfromtheair
throughtearfilm

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

c)Glucosesupplyforcornealmetabolismismainlyderivedfrom
theaqueous
d)Cornealthicknessismoreatcenterthanperiphery
e)Richlyvascular
CorrectAnswer-D:E

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Answer-(D)Cornealthicknessismoreatcenterthanperiphery
(E)Richlyvascular
Outer&fibrouscoatofEYEBALL.
Transparent,anterior1/6thsegmentofeyeball.
Non-vascular

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Mostoftherefractionineyeoccuratanteriorsurfaceofcornea(air-
tearinterface),i.e.,Anteriorsurfaceofcorneaisthemostimportant
refractivestructureofeye.
Themostactivelymetabolisinglayersofthecorneaareepithelium&
endothelium.

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

---

54.Lateralwalloforbitis/areformedby:
a)Lesserwingofsphenoid
b)Frontalprocessofzygomaticbone
c)Greaterwingofsphenoid
d)Lacrimalbone

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

e)Maxilla
CorrectAnswer-B:C
Answer-(B)Frontalprocessofzygomaticbone(C)Greater
wingofsphenoid
Thelateralwallisthethickestwalloftheorbit,importantbecauseit

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

isthemostexposedsurface,highlyvulnerabletobluntforcetrauma.
Anteriorsurfaceofgreaterwingofsphenoid
Orbitalsurfaceoffrontalprocessofzygomaticbone

---

55.TrueaboutLeberopticneuropathy:
a)X-linkeddisease

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

b)Primarilyaffectsmale
c)Discbecomepale&atrophic
d)Transmittedfrommothertochild
e)Mitochondrialinheritance
CorrectAnswer-B:C:D:E

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Answer-(B)Primarilyaffectsmale(C)Discbecomepale&
atrophic(D)Transmittedfrommothertochild(E)Mitochondrial
inheritance
Leber'shereditaryopticneuropathyischaracterizedbysequential
subacuteopticneuropathyinmalesaged11-30years.

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Theunderlyinggeneticabnormalityisapointmutationin
mitochondrialDNA.
SincemitochondrialDNAisexclusivelyderivedfrommother.
Itischaracterizeedbybilateral,painless,subacutevisualfailurethat
developsduringyoungadultlife.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Theydevelopblurringaffectingthecentralvisualfieldofoneeye.
Visuallossisbilateralatonset.
Laterinatrophicphase,discbecomesatrophicandpale.

---

56.Riskfactorforcystoidmacularedema
include(s)allexcept:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Hypertensiveretinopathy
b)Vitreousloss
c)Diabetesmellitus
d)Cataractsurgeryisanimportantcause
e)Lowerincidencewithintracapsularcataractextractionthan

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

extracapsularcataractextraction
CorrectAnswer-E
Answer-E.Lowerincidencewithintracapsularcataract
extractionthanextracapsularcataractextraction
Causesofmacularedemaare-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Metabolicalteration:-Diabetes,retinitispigmentosa,Inherited
cystoidmacularedema(CME).
Ischemia;-CRVO,Diabeticretinopathy,severehypertensive
retinopathy,HELLPsyndrome,vasculitis.
Mechanicalforce:-Vitreoustractiononthemacula.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Inflammation:-Intermediateuveitis,Post-operativeCME,choroidal
inflammatorydiseases.
Pharmacotoxicity:-Epinephrine(inAphakia),Betaxolal,
Latanoprost.

---

57.Feature(s)ofInfantileglaucomais/are

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

except:
a)Aniridiamaybeassociated
b)Treatmentincludestrabeculotomy
c)Buphthalmoscanoccur
d)Corneaisthin&clear

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

e)MaybeassociatedwithSturge-webersyndrome
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer-B.Treatmentincludestrabeculotomy
Congenitalptosisisusuallyaresultofalocalizeddystrophyofthe
levatormuscleinwhichthestriatedmusclefibers

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

arereplacedwithfibroustissue.
Thelidcreaseisdecreasedorabsent.
Amblyopiamayoccurinchildrenwithptosis.
Ifadroopyeyelidispresentatbirthorwithinthefirstyearoflife,the
conditioniscalledcongenitalptosis.

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Itisassociatedwithcongenitalweakens(maldevelopment)ofthe
levatorpalpebraesuperioris(LPS).
Treatmentincludestrabeculotomy.

---

58.TrueaboutArcussenilis:
a)Fattyinfiltration

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

b)Axialcornealdegeneration
c)Depositionoccurinstromaofperipheralcornea
d)Amyloiddeposit
e)Involvelimbus
CorrectAnswer-A:C

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Answer-(A)Fattyinfiltration(C)Depositionoccurinstromaof
peripheralcornea
Itreferstoananndarlipidinfiltrationofcornealperiphery.
Affectselderlypatients.
Theareasofthecornea&scleranearthelimbus&perivascular

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

areasofthescleraareneverinvolved
Lipidaccumulationisfoundintheperipheralcornealstroma.

---

59.Trueaboutmoderateflareuveitis:
a)Categorisedasgrade1+
b)Categorisedasgrade2+

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

c)Categorisedasgrade3+
d)Hazycornea
e)Clearirisdetail
CorrectAnswer-B:E
Answer-(B)Categorisedasgrade2+(E)Clearirisdetail

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Itisduetoleakageofproteinparticlesintotheaqueoushumour
fromdamagedbloodvessels.
Theflareisgradedfrom'0'to+4-
0-noaqueousflare
+1justdetectable

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

+2moderateflarewithclearirisdetails
+3markedflare
+4intenseflare

---

60.Trueaboutorbitalrhabdomyosarcoma-
a)Arisefrompleuripotentmesenchymalcell

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

b)Originfromskeletalmusclecell
c)UsuallyB/1
d)Femalepredisposition
e)Morecommoninchildren
CorrectAnswer-A:E

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Answer-(A)Arisefrompleuripotentmesenchymalcell(E)More
commoninchildren
Itisahighlymalignanttumouroftheorbitarisingfromthe
extraocularmuscles.
Usuallyoccurringbelowtheageof15years.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Thetumourcommonlyinvolvesthesuperionasalquadrant.
Male:femaleratioof5:3
PrimaryorbitalRMSoriginatesfromprimitivepleuripotential
mesenchymalcells.

---

61.AllaretrueabouttreatmentofAgerelated

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

maculardegenerationexcept:
a)Intravitrealanti-VEGFtherapy
b)Laserabalation
c)Photodynamictherapy(PDT)
d)Transpupillarythermotherapy

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

e)Prognosisaftertreatmentfornon-exudativevarietyisverygood
CorrectAnswer-E
Answer-E.Prognosisaftertreatmentfornon-exudativevariety
isverygood
Age-relatedmaculardegeneration(ARMD),alsocalledsenile

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

maculardegeneration,isabilateraldiseaseofpersonsofolder
individuals.
Treatment-
Roleofdietarysupplementsandantioxidantsinpreventionor
treatmentofARMD.

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Intravitrealanti-VEGFtherapy(Bevacizumab,Ranibizumab,
Pegaptanib)isthetreatmentchoice.
Photodynamictherapy(PDT)isthe2ndtreatmentofchoice.
TransPupillarythermotherapy(TTT)withadiodelaser
Doublefrequency&YAG532nmphotocoagulation

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Surgicaltreatmentintheformofsubmacularsurgery
Pharmacologicmodulationwithantiangiogenicagent.

---

62.Causes(s)ofshallowanteriorchamber
is/are:
a)Anteriorsublaxationoflens

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

b)PupilblockduetovitreousbulgeafterICCE
c)Anteriordislocationoflensinanteriorchamber
d)Aphakia
e)Myopia
CorrectAnswer-A:B

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Answer-(A)Anteriorsublaxationoflens(B)Pupilblockdueto
vitreousbulgeafterICCE
Primarynarrowangleglaucoma
Hypermetropia
Postoperativeshallowanteriorchamber(afterintraocularsurgery

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

duetowoundleakorciliochoroidaldetachment).
Malignantglaucoma
Anteriorperforations(perforatinginjuriesorperforationofcorneal
ulcer).
Anteriorsubluxationoflens

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Intumescent(swollen)lens

---

63.Trueaboutpigmentaryglaucoma:
a)Morecommoninfemales
b)Morecommoninmyopes
c)Slit-liketransilluminationdefectsinthemidperipheryis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

pathognomonicfeature
d)Occurduetocloggingupofthetrabecularmeshwork
e)None
CorrectAnswer-C:D
Answer-(C)Slit-liketransilluminationdefectsinthemid

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

peripheryispathognomonicfeature(D)Occurduetoclogging
upofthetrabecularmeshwork
Itisatypeofsecondaryopen-angleglaucomawhereincloggingup
ofthetrabecularmeshworkoccursbythepigmentparticles.
Theconditiontypicallyoccursinyoungmyopicmales.

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

C/F
Depositionofpigmentgranulesiniris,posteriorsurfaceofthe
cornea,trabecularmeshwork,ciliaryzonulesandthecrystalline
lens.
Iristransilluminationshowsradialslit-liketransilluminationdefectsin

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

themidperiphery(pathognomonicfeature).

---

64.Uveitisis/areseenasside-effectof
causedby:
a)Latanoprost
b)Moxifloxacin

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

c)Cidofovir
d)Rifabutin
e)All
CorrectAnswer-B:C:D
Answer-(B)Moxifloxacin(C)Cidofovir(D)Rifabutin

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Rostaglandin-Analoguesbimatoprostandtravoprost
Rifabutin
Cidofovir
Moxifloxacin
DrugInducedUveitis

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

SystemicDrugs
TopicalDrugs
1. Ritabutin
2. Bisphosphonales
1. Metipranobol

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

3. Sulphonamides
2. Miolics
4. DielhylcarbanrklZine
3. Proslaglandirts
5. Cidolovir

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

IntracameralDrugs
1. Gicobvir
2. Aniibidics
3. Lfrakhase

---

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Vaccines

---