Download PGIMER (Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh) 2020 May Ophthal Solved Question Paper
a)Retinitispigmentosa
b)Fungalkeratitis
c)Episcleritis
d)Bacterialkeartitis
e)Multiplesclerosis
CorrectAnswer-B:D:E
Answer-B,D,E
Hypopyonreferstoaccumulationofpolymorphonuclearleucocytes
inthelowerangleofanteriorchamber.Itisusuallyaccompaniedby
rednessoftheconjunctivaandtheunderlyingepisclera.
2.Superiorrectuspalsycauses?
a)Hypotropiatosameside
b)Headtilttooppositeside
c)Blapheroptosis
d)Diplopiawhilelookingonsameside
e)Hypertropiaonoppositeside
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D
Answer-A,B,D
Muscleparalysed-Superiorrectuspalsy
Deviationofeye-Infero-medially(left)(Hypotropia)
Maximumdiplopiawhilelooking-left(temporal)andsuperiortoleft
eyetotheleft
Headposition-Tiltedtotherightandturned
3.Trueregardingtarsalplateis/are?
a)Actsaskeletonforeyelids
b)Widerinuppereyelids
c)HaveMebomianglands
d)Attachedtolateralpalpebralsuperiosisligaments
e)Inferiorplateissemilunarinshape
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Answer-A,B,C,D
Thetarsi(tarsalplates)arelocateddirectlyabovethelidmargins.
Themedialandlateralendsofthetarsiareattachedtotheorbital
rimsbythemedialandlateralpalpebralligaments.
Thesuperiortarsusislargerandwider.
Thelowerborderofthesuperiortarsusformstheposteriorlid
margin
Theinferiortarsusisellipticalinform.
TheymaycontainMeibormianglandsandeyelashfollicles.
4.InFielddefectsseeninpituitaryadenoma
is
a)Bitemporalhemianopia
b)Binasalhemianopia
c)Quadronopian
d)Pieinthesky
e)Amaurosisinoneeye&temporalheminopiainothereye
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Answer-A,B,C,D
Central(sagittal)chiasmaticiesionsBitemporalhemianopia
LateralchiasmaticlesionsBinasalhemianopia
Lesiontochiasmaproducesuppertemporalquandaranticvisual
fielddefect(uppertemporalquandarantichemianopia)
Initiallypituiatrylesionscausesvisualfieldinoneofupperquadrant,
itisalsocalled'pieinthesky'.
5.Advantageofcontinuouscurvilinear
capsulorhexisovercanopenertechnique-
a)Preferredmethodofanteriorcapsulotomyinphaco
emulsification
b)Morechancesofposteriorcapsularopacification
c)Keepsthenucleusinplace
d)Resistsradialtears
e)Helpsinstabilizingandcenteringthelensimplant
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
Answer-A,C,D,E,Preferredmethodofanteriorcapsulotomy
inphacoemulsification(C)Keepsthenucleusinplace
(D)Resistsradialtears(E)Helpsinstabilizingandcentering
thelensimplant
Can-opener'stechnique.Initanirrigatingcystitome(orsimplya26
gaugeneedle,bentatitstip)isintroducedintotheanteriorchamber
andmultiplesmallradialcutsaremadeintheanteriorcapsulefor
360degree.
Condnuouscircularcapsulorhexis(CCC)-Recentlythisisthemost
commonlyperformedprocedure.Inthistheanteriorcapsuleistorn
inacircularfashioneitherwiththehelpofanirrigatingbent-needle
cystitomeorwithacapsulorrhexisforceps.
Can-openercapsulotomycanbeusedwithphacoemulsificotion.
CCCresistsradialtears
CCCstabilizesthenucleus.
CCCalsohelpsstabilizeandcentrethelensimplant.
6.Trueaboutcomponentofvision2020-
a)Cataractsurgeryshouldbeperformedatprimarylevel
b)Retinalsurgeryshouldbeperformedattertiarylevel
c)Needtodevelop10centreofexcellenceattertiaryleveland
100trainingcentreatadvancedtertiarylevel
d)Ophthalmianeonatorumisincludedinchildhoodblindness
e)Primaryvisioncentercoversapopulationof50000
CorrectAnswer-B:D:E
Answer-B,Retinalsurgeryshould...D,Ophthalmia
neonatorum...E,Primaryvisioncenter...
Attheprimarylevel,thehealthworkerscreensforcataractand,
reportsthosewithvisionlessthanalocallydeterminedguideline.
Atthesecondarylevel,cataractsurgeryshouldbeperfomedwith
equalemphasisonthequalityandquantityofsurgery
Atthetertiarylevelliestheprovisionoffacilitiesforsurgical
treatmentofcomplicatedcasessuchascongenitalcataract,
subluxatedlens,complicatedcataractsandcataractassociatedwith
systemicdiseases.
TheGovernmentofIndiahasadopted'Vision2020:RighttoSight'
under'NationalProgrammeforControlofBlindness'.
Targetdiseasesidentifiedforinterventionunder'Vision
2020'initiativeinIndiaincluded-
1. Cataract,
2. Childhoodblindness,
3. Refractiveerrorsandlowvision,
4. Cornealblindness,
5. Diabeticretinopathy,
6. Glaucoma,and
7. Trachoma(focal)
Childhoodblindness-
Commoncausesofchildhoodblindnessareophthalmia
neonatorum,injuries,congenitalcataract.
Eyecareinfrastructuredevelopment-
PrimarylevelVisionCentre:Thereisaneedtodevelop20000vision
centres.
Secondarylevel-secondarylevelpopulatianof500000
EachadvancedtertiaryLevelcenterofexcellencewillcatertoa
populationof50millions.
7.TrueaboutNodularepiscleritis-
a)CanbeassociatedwithSLE
b)Takelongertimetoresolvethandiffusevariety
c)Moresymptomaticthandiffusetype
d)Painless
e)Elevatedhardnodule
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:E
Answer-A,CanbeassociatedwithSLEB,Takelongertimeto
resolvethandiffusevarietyC,Moresymptomaticthandiffuse
typeE,Elevatedhardnodule
Thisisabenigninflammatoryaffectationofthedeepsubconjunctival
connectivetissues,includingthesuperficial
sclerallamellae,andfrequentlyaffectsbotheyes.
Twotypesofpresentationsmayoccur:
1. simpleordiffuseepiscleritis;and
2. nodularepiscleritis.
Innodularepisclerittsacircumscribednoduleofdenseleucocytic
infiltrationwhichisishard,tenderandimmovable.
Nodularepisleritistendstobemoresymptomaticandtakeslongerto
resolve.
Nodularepiscleritisischaracterizedbyapinkorpurpleflatnodule.
Bothepiscleritisandscleritisaremainlyseeninadultscanbe
associatedwithotherconditionssuchasrheumatoidarthritisand
systemiclupuserythematosus(SLE).
Theremaybelittleornopain.
8.Trueaboutphthisisbulbi-
a)Sizeofeyedecreases
b)Removedbyenucleationoperationespeciallyifpainful
c)IOPincreasesinlatestage
d)CalcificationmayoccurinBowman'slayerofcornea
e)None
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D
Answer-A,B,D,Sizeofeyedecreases(B)Removedby
enucleationoperationespeciallyifpainful(D)Calcificationmay
occurinBowman'slayerofcornea
Itisthefinalstageendresultofanyformofchronicuveitis.
Asaresultofittheeyebecomessoft,shrinksandeventually
becomesasmallatrophicglobe(phthisisbulbi).
Commonlytheretinalpigmentedepitheliummayundergoa
metaplasialeadingtointraocularossification(calcification)inthe
end-stageofphthisisbulbi.
Enucleation+/-prosthesisinsertlonisperformedifthereis
associatedchronicpainorforcosmeticreasons.
9.Whichtypeofcataractis/areassociated
withMyotonicdystrophy:
a)Posteriorsubcapsular
b)Anteriorsubcapsular
c)Nuclearcataract
d)Corticalcataract
e)Alloftheabove
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer-A.Posteriorsubcapsular
Myotonlcdystrophyisassociatedwith,posteriorsubcapsulartypeof
presenilecataract.Christmastreecataractistypicallyseeninthis
condition.
10.WhatistheWHOcriteriafordefining
blindness:
a)<3/60visionwithavailablecorrection
b)<6/60visionwithavailablecorrection
c)<3/60visionwithbestcorrection
d)<6/60visionwithbestcorrection
e)<3/60visionwithoutcorrection
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C.<3/60visionwithbestcorrection
AsperWHO,blindnessisdefinedasVisualacuityoflessthan3/60
inthebettereyewithbestpossiblecorrection.
11.TrueaboutAcanthamoebickeratitis-
a)Moreinthosewearingrigidgaspermeablethansoftcontact
lensesuser
b)Canoccurasopportunisticinfectioninpatientswithherpetic
keratitis
c)Canbeculturedonnon-nutrientagarenrichedwithE.coli
d)Painfulcondition
e)Radialkerato-neuritismayoccur
CorrectAnswer-B:C:D:E
Answer-B,Canoccurasopportunisticinfection..C,Canbe
culturedonnon-nutrient...D,PainfulconditionE,Radialkerato-
neuritismayoccur
Cornealinfectionwithacanthamoebaresultsfromdirectcorneal
contactwithanymaterialorwatercontaminatedwiththeorganism.
Itsoccurrenceisfrequentlyassociatedwiththewearingofsoft
contactlenses.
Acanthamoebakeratitiscanalsooccurasopportunisticinfectionin
patientswithherpetickeratitis,bacterialkeratitis,bullouskeratopathy
andneuroparalytickeratitis.
Symptoms-
Veryseverepain
Initiallesionsofacanthamoebakeratitisareintheformfineepithelial
andsubepithelialopacities,andradialkerato-neuritis.
Laboratorydiagnosis:Cultureonnon-nutrientagat(E.colienriched)
12.Whichofthefollowingisthefeatureof
sodiumfluoresceinangiography
comparedtoindocyaninegreen
angiography:
a)Inchoroidalcirculationitpassesfreelyacrosstheendothelium
b)Diffusefreelythroughretinalcapillaries
c)Albuminbindingislessthanindocyaninegreen
d)Bind<50%toalbumin
e)Stimulatedbyalongerwavelengthoflight
CorrectAnswer-A:C
Answer-A,C,Inchoroidalcirculationitpassesfreelyacross
theendothelium(C)Albuminbindingislessthanindocyanine
green
Uponenteringthecirculation,approximately8O%ofthedye
moleculcsbindtoplasmaproteins.
Indocyaninegreen:bindsprimarily(95%)toalbumin.
Inthechoroidalcirculation,fluoresceinpassesfreelyacrossthe
endotheliumofthecapillariestotheextravascularspaces
Aphysiologicalbarriertothedyepresentsthepassageacross
Bruch'smembraneandtheintactretinalpignentepithelium.
Thefunduscamerahasamechanismtousebluelight(420-49Onm
wavelength)forexcitingthefluoresceinpresentinbloodvessels.
13.Trueaboutferritinlineineye:
a)Ferry'sLine-cornealepithelialironlineattheedgeoffiltering
blebs
b)StockersLine-Cornealepithelialironlineattheedgeof
pterygium
c)Hudson-Stahliline-visibleallaroundthebaseofconein
Keratoconus
d)Fleischer'sring:Horizonatlcornealepithelialironlineatthe
inferioronethirdofcorneaduetoaging
e)Coat'swhitering-Aformofirondepositatthelevelof
Bowman'slayerofcornea
CorrectAnswer-A:B:E
Answer-A,Ferry'sLine-cornealepithelial...B,StockersLine-
Cornealepithelial...E,Coat'swhitering-Aformofirondeposit
...
Ferry'sLine=cornealepithelialironlineattheedgeoffiltering
blebs.
StockersLine-Cornealepithelialironlineattheedgeofpterygium
Hudson-StahilLine=Horizontalcornealepithelialironlineatthe
inferioronethirdofcorneaduetoaging.
Fleischer'sring:VisibleallaroundthebaseofconeinKeratoconus
Coat'sring:remnantsofaforeignbody.Theremnantsarefineiron
depositsinthecornea.
14.Cause(s)ofcystoidmacularedemais/are
a)Diabetesmellitus
b)Aftercataractsurgery
c)Retinitispigmentosa
d)Rheugmatogenousretinaldetachment
e)Pilocarpinedrop
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C
Answer-A,DiabetesmellitusB,AftercataractsurgeryC,Retinitis
pigmentosa
Causesofmacularedemaare-
Metabolicalteration:-Diabetes,retinitispigmentosa,Inherited
cystoidmacularedema(CME).
Ischemia;-CRVO,Diabeticretinopathy,severehypertensive
retinopathy,HELLPsyndrome,vasculitis.
Mechanicalforce:-Vitreoustractiononthemacula.
Inflammation:-Intermediateuveitis,Post-operativeCME,choroidal
inflammatorydiseases.
Pharmacotoxicity:-Epinephrine(inAphakia),Betaxolal,
Latanoprost.
15.Whichofthefollowingis/areprimary
glaucoma
a)Infantileglaucoma
b)Openangleglaucuma
c)Steroidinducedglaucoma
d)Aphakicglaucoma
e)Phacogenicglaucoma
CorrectAnswer-A:B
Answer-A,InfantileglaucomaB,Openangleglaucuma
Primaryadultglaucomas
Primaryopenangleglaucoma
Primaryangleclosureglaucoma
Primarymixedmechanismglaucoma
Primarycongenital/developmental(withoutassociatedanomalies):-
Congenital,Infantile,Juvenile
16.Trueaboutdischargefromeye
a)Epiphoraisdueexcessivesecretionoftear
b)Mucopurulentdischargeinacuteconjunctivitis
c)Mucopurulentdischargeinacuteiridocyclitis
d)Waterydischargeinacutecongestiveglaucoma
e)None
CorrectAnswer-B:D
Answer-B,Mucopurulentdischargeinacute
conjunctivitisD,Waterydischargeinacutecongestive
glaucoma
Acuteconjuctivitis-
Discharge-Mucopurulent
Colouredhalos-Maybepresent
Acuteiridocylitis-
Discharge-Watery
Colouredhalos-Absent
Acutecongestiveglucoma-
Discharge-Watery
Colouredhalos-Present
Obstructiontotheoutflowofnormallysecretedtearsordueto
lacrimalpumpfailure-->Epiphora
Excessivesecretionoftearshyperlacrimation
17.Trueaboutadenovirusconjunctivitis-
a)Oneofthemostcommoncauseofviralconjunctivitis
b)Itislesscontagiousthanotherviralconjunctivitis
c)Pharyngoconjunctivalfeveriscausedby3&7types
d)Maycausehemorrhagicconjunctivitis
e)Conjunctivalfollicles
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
Answer-A,Oneofthemostcommoncauseofviral
conjunctivitisC,Pharyngoconjunctivalfeveriscausedby3&7
typesD,MaycausehemorrhagicconjunctivitisE,Conjunctival
follicles
Viralconjunctivitisismostfrequentlycausedbyanadenovirus.
Pharyngoconjunctivialfever(PCF)iscausedbyadenovirusserovars
3,4and7.
Thespreadofthishighlycontagiousdiseaseisfacilitatedbythe
abilityofviralparticles.
Prominentconjunctivalhyperaemiaandfollicles.
Severeinflammationmaybeassociatedwithconjunctival
heamorrhages(usuallypetechialinadenoviralinfection),
Chemosis,membranes(rare)andpseudomembranes.
18.OcularfindingsinvitaminAdeficiency
a)Parenchymatousconjunctivalxerosis
b)X-2isconjunctivalxerosis
c)Earliestsymptomisnightblindness
d)Conjunctivalxerosisisearliestocularsign
e)All
CorrectAnswer-C:D
Answer-C,EarliestsymptomisnightblindnessD,Conjunctival
xerosisisearliestocularsign
ThemostcharacteristicandspecificsignsofvitaminAdeficiency
areeyelesions.
Xerophthalmia(dryeye)
Ithasfollowingsequentialstagesnightblindness(earliestocular
symptom),conjunctivalxerosis(earliestocularsign),Bitot'sspot,
cornealxerosisandKeratomalaciawithcornealulcer.
Xerosisofconjunctivareferstoaconditionwheretheconjunctiva
becomesdryandlusterless.
19.Ectopialentisisassociatedwithallexcept
-
a)Homocystinuria
b)Weil-Marchesanisyndrome
c)Marfansyndrome
d)Cockaynesyndrome
e)Osteogenesisimperfecta
CorrectAnswer-D:E
Answer-(D)Cockaynesyndrome(E)Osteogenesisimperfecta
Morecommon:
Marfansyndrome
Homocystinuria
Weil-Marchesanisyndrome
Sulfiteoxidasedeficiency
Hyperlysinemia
20.Unilaterallydilatedpupilisseenin
a)Homer'ssyndrome
b)Adie'spupil
c)ArgyllRoberstonpupil
d)61hCranialnervepalsy
e)3rdnervepalsy
CorrectAnswer-B:E
Answer-B,Adie'spupilE,3rdnervepalsy
Mydriaticeyedrops(Atropine,scopolamine)
Postganglionicmydriasis(Adie'spupil)
Preganglionicmydriasis(3rdnervepalsy)
Acuteangleclosuregloucoma
OcularProsthesis
Trauma:postraumaticiridocyclitis
Physiologicalanisocor
21.Featureofmycoticcornealulcer-
a)Featherymargins
b)Non-sterilehypopyon
c)Satellitelesions
d)Ulcerserpens
e)Deepinvolvement
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:E
Answer-(A)Featherymargins(B)Non-sterilehypopyon
(C)Satellitelesions(E)Deepinvolvement
Greyish-whitedrylookingulcerwiththeelevatedrolledoutfeathery
&hyphatemargins.
Featheryfingerlikeextensionintosurroundingstromaunderintact
epithelium.
Asterileimmunering(yellowline)ofWesseley.
Multiplesmallsatellitelesions.
Non-sterile(infected)hypopyon(Pseudohypopyon)containing
fungus.
Perforationisrareandcornealvascularizationisconspicuously
absent
22.Trueaboutfundoscopicfindingis/are
a)Lateralmarginofopticdiscisnormallyblurred
b)Opticdiscishorizontallyoval
c)Lossofspontaneausretinalvenouspulsationisseenin
increasedintracranialtension
d)Blurringstartsfromnasalmargininincreasedintracranial
tension
e)None
CorrectAnswer-C:D
Answer-C,Lossofspontaneausretinal...D,Blurringstartsfrom
nasal...
Signsofpapilloedema(increasedintracranialtension)
Blurringorobscurationofdiscmargin(Firstsign).Blurringstartsat
upperandlowernasalmarginsandextendsaroundnasalside,while
temporalmarginislasttoinvolve.
Venousengorgmentandvenouscongestion.
Thereisfillingofphysiologicalcupwithgradualobliteration
ofphysiologicalcup.
23.Allaretrueaboutcentralretinalartery
occlusion(CRAO)except
a)Mostcommonlyoccursduetothromboembolus
b)Anteriorchamberparacentesisisusedfortreatment
c)Suddenpainfullossofvision
d)Occursduetoobstructionofretinalarteryattheleveloflamina
cribrosa
e)Macularareashowscherry-redspot
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C.Suddenpainfullossofvision
Patientnoticessuddenpainlesslossofvision.
Patients'swithapatentcilioretinalarterymayretaincentralvisionas
themaculaisspared.
Emboliarethemostcommoncauseofretinalarteryocclusion.
Obstructionoccursattheleveloflaminacribrosa.
Thelargerretinalarteriesareconstuictedandlooklikethinthreads
whilethesmallervesselsarescarcelyvisible.
Thefundusappearsmilkywhitebecauseofretinaledema.
Thereischerry-redspotatthemacula.
Bloodcolumnwithintheretinalveinsissegmented(Cattletracking)
24.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrueabout
mediallongitudinalfasciculus(MLF)and
itslesionexcept-
a)Unilaterallesionresultinadductionpalsyofoppositeeye
b)MLFconnectssixthcranialnervenucleusofonesidewiththe
thirdcranialnervenucleusoftheotherside
c)MLFisresponsibleforconjugateeyemovements
d)Itisanintegralcomponentofsaccadiceyemovements
e)Abductingnystagmusoftheeyecontralateraltothe
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer-A.Unilaterallesionresultinadductionpalsyof
oppositeeye
Voluntaryhorizontalgazeinonedirectionbeginswiththe
contralateralfrontaleyefields
Contralateralparamedianpontinereticularformation(PPRF),which
istheorganizingcenterforlateralgazeinthebrainstem
Medialrectusmuscleweaknessimpsilateraltothesideofthelesion
withparesisofadductionoradductionlag.
25.Nottrueaboutbluesclera
a)Seeninosteogenesisimpertca
b)DoesnotseeninEhlers-danlossyndrome
c)Bluecolourisproducedbyunderlyinguvealpigment
d)Seeninmarfan'ssyndrome
e)Scleraisthin
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer-B.DoesnotseeninEhlers-danlossyndrome
BlueScleraischaracterizedbymarked,generalizedblue
discolourationofscleraduetothinning,Theuvealpigmentshines
throughthethinscleraandproducesthebluecolour.
CausesofblueSclera:
Pseudoxanthomaelasticum
Osteogenesisimperfecta
Ehlers-Danlossyndrome
Marfan'ssyndrome
Alkaptonuria
Hypophosphatasia
Juvenilepaget'sdisease
Normalinnewborns
VanderHoeve'ssyndrome
26.Cornealulcerisdefinedas
a)Erosionofepitheliumonly
b)Erosionofendotheliumonly
c)Erosionofepithelium+underlyinginflammation
d)Lossofendotheliumwithlossofcornealsensation
e)None
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C.Erosionofepithelium+underlyinginflammation
Cornealulcerreferstodiscontinuationinnormalepithelialsurfaceof
corneaassociatedwithnecrosisofthesurroundingcornealtissue
27.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrueabout
secondarycataract-
a)Treatmentofthickenedcapsulecanbedonebydiscissionwith
cystitome
b)TreatmentbyNd-YAGlaserposteriorcapsulotomy
c)Morecommonafterintracapsularcatractextractionthan
extracapsularcataractextraction
d)Posteriorcapsularopacification(PCO)
e)Anteriorsubcapsularcataract
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D
Answer-(A)Treatmentofthickenedcapsulecanbedoneby
discissionwithcystitome(B)TreatmentbyNd-YAGlaser
posteriorcapsulotomy(D)Posteriorcapsularopacification
(PCO)
Opacificationoftheposteriorcapsuleiscausedbypostoperative
proliferationofcellsinthecapsularbagandisthemostcommon
complicationofECCE.
Aftercataract,ifthin,canbeclearedcentrallybyNd:YAGlaser
capsulotomy.
Discissionwithcystitomeorzeigler'sknifemayalsobeused.
28.Postoperativeendophthalmitisincataract
surgerycanbepreventedbyuseof
a)Pre-operativeoralantibiotics
b)Intra-operativeIVantibiotics
c)Useofpovidone-iodinesolutiontopaintthelidsbeforesurgery
d)Cleaningandsterilizationofoperationtheatre
e)Postoptopicalantibiotics
CorrectAnswer-C:D:E
Answer-C,Useofpovidone-iodinesolutiontopaintthelids
beforesurgeryD,Cleaningandsterilizationofoperation
theatreE,Postoptopicalantibiotics
Thepre-operativetopicalantibioticshouldbestarted3dayspriorto
surgery.
Preferredantibioticsarefourthgenerationfluoroquinolones
(gatifloxacin,moxifloxacin).
Thetopicalantisepticpovidoneiodine5%instilledasasingledrop
l0-30minutesbeforesurgeryisoneofthemosteffectivemeasure
todecreasethisbacterialflora.
Methodofprophylaxysisagainstpostoperativeendophthalmitisisby
useofprovidonesolutionontheskinandinconjunctivalsac.
Post-operativelytopicalantibiotics(eyedrops)aregivenalongwith
steroidsforl0-14days.
29.Whichofthefollowingcanbeophthalmic
complicationofDMexcept-
a)Papillopathy
b)Snowflakecataract
c)Retinopathy
d)Rhegmatogenousretinaldetachment
e)Cystoidmacularoedema
CorrectAnswer-D
Answer-D.Rhegmatogenousretinaldetachment
Ocularmanifestationsofdiabeticretinopathyare-
1)Non-proliferativediabeticretinopathy(NPDR)-
Microaneurysms
Retinalhemorrhage
Retinaledema(Retinalthickening)-macularedema.
2)Proliferativediabeticretinopathy(PDR)
HallmarkofPDRistheoccuranceofneovascularization
3)Diabeticmaculopathy
Cataract(Snowflakesnowstorm)
Myopia(whenthereissuddenincreaseinbloodsugarlevel)
Rarelyhypermetropia
Cranialnervepalsy:3rd(mostcommon),4th,5th,7th.
Diabeticpapillopathy
30.Trueaboutinferioropthalmicvein-
a)Smallerthansuperiorophthalmicvein
b)Connectedtothepterygoidvenousplexus
c)Formedatlateralwallandflooroforbit
d)Passthroughsuperiororbitalfissure
e)Emptiesintosuperiorophthalmicvein
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D:E
Answer-(A)Smallerthansuperiorophthalmicvein
(B)Connectedtothepterygoidvenousplexus(D)Passthrough
superiororbitalfissure(E)Emptiesintosuperiorophthalmic
vein
1. Theinferiorophthalamicveinbeginsasavenousnetworknearthe
anteriorpartoforbitalfloornearmedialwalloforbit.
2. ItissmallerthanSuperiorophthalamicvein.
Dividedintotwobranches-
1. Inferiororbitalfissuretojoinpterygoidvenousplexus
2. Superiororbitalfissuretodrainintoeithersuperiorophthalmicvein
orintocavernoussinus.
31.Whichofthefollowingstatement(s)is/are
trueabouteyelidglands-
a)Mollaremodifiedsebaceous
b)Tarsalglandsaremeibomianglands
c)Glandofzeisaresweatgland
d)Meibomianglandsaremodifiedsebaceousglands
e)Externalhordeolumisanacutesuppurativeinflammationof
glandofZeis
CorrectAnswer-B:D:E
Answer-(B)Tarsalglandsaremeibomianglands(D)Meibomian
glandsaremodifiedsebaceousglands(E)Externalhordeolum
isanacutesuppurativeinflammationofglandofZeis
Aneyelidisathinfoldofskinthatcoversandprotectstheanterior
surfaceofeyeball.
Eyelidcontainsmanyglandsas-
1. Meibomianglands-Thesearealsoknownastarsalglands
2. GlandsofZeis:Thesearesebaceousglands
3. GlandsofMoll-Thesearemodifiedsweatglands
4. AccessorylacrimalglandsofWolfring
Stye(Hordeolumexternum)-
Onsetisacute
EffectedglandisZeis'sgland
Typeofinflammationsuppurative
C/F-Acutepainandhardswelling
Treatment-
Hotfomentation,antibiotics
32.Allaretrueaboutcongenitalptosisexcept
a)Stimulusdeprivationamblyopiamayoccuriftreatmentis
delayed
b)Lidlagondowngaze
c)Prominenceoflidcrease
d)Lossoflidcrease
e)Associatedwithweaknessofthelevatorpalpebraesuperioris
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C.Prominenceoflidcrease
Ptosisisdroopingofuppereyelid.
Congenitalmyogenisptosis-
Itisthemostcommontypeofptosis.
Associatedwithcongenitalweaknessoflevatorpalpebraesperioris.
Characterisedbydroopingofeyelidswithabsentlidcreseandlid
lagondowngaze.
33.Cause(s)ofinMydriasis:
a)Organophosphoruspoisoning
b)Homersyndrome
c)Oculomotornervepalsy
d)Parasympatheticstimulation
e)All
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C.Oculomotornervepalsy
Carbolicacid,Chloralhydrate,Organophosphorus,Morphine
(opiate)and'NewHorn'i.e.neurosyphilis/tabesdorsalis(spinal
miosisorsmall,irregularArgyllRobertsonpupil)andHorner's
syndrome,Oculomotornervepalsy.
Atropineandcocainecausemydriasis.
34.Whichofthefollowingis/arenotthe
feature(s)ofcornealulcerduetoherpes
virus:
a)RoseBengalstainingofmarginofulcer
b)Decreasedcornealsensitivity
c)Fluoresceinstainingofflooroftheulcer
d)Ringinfiltration
e)All
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C
Answer-A,RoseBengalstainingofmarginof
ulcerB,DecreasedcornealsensitivityC,Fluoresceinstainingof
flooroftheulcer
"Dendriticulcerbasestainswithfluorescein&themarginswithrose
Bengal.
Fluoresceininstallationilluminatedbybluelightshowsupcorneal
ulcerationatanearlystage.
Thecorneaisrelativelyinsensitive.Insevereforms,dendriticulcers
develop.
35.Trueaboutprimaryopenangleglaucoma:
a)Alsok/aChronicsimpleglaucoma
b)Hypermeteropeasaremorepredisposed
c)Polygenicinheritance
d)Laseriridotomyisusedfortreatment
e)Fundusexaminationrevealslargecup
CorrectAnswer-A:C:E
Answer-(A)Alsok/aChronicsimpleglaucoma(C)Polygenic
inheritance(E)Fundusexaminationrevealslargecup
Alsoknownaschronicsimpleglaucomaofadultonsetandis
typicallycharacterizedbyslowlyprogressiveraisedintraocular
pressure.
Associatedwithcharacteristicopticdisccuppingandspecificvisual
fielddefects.
Pathogenesis-
Heredity:POAGhasapolygenicinheritance.
Age-elderlybetween5thand7thdecades.
Myopesaremorepredisposedthanthenormals.
DiabeticshaveahigherprevalenceofPOAG.
POAGismoreinhyPertensives.
C/F
patientsusuallycomplainoffrequentchangesinpresbyopicglasses.
Patientsdevelopdelayeddarkadaptation.
Fundusexaminationshowlargecup.(0.6ormore)
Laseriridotomyisusedfortreatmentofprimaryangleclosure
glaucoma.
36.Cloudycorneais/areseen:
a)Klinefeltersyndrome
b)Turnersyndrome
c)Megalocornea
d)Mucopolysaccharidosis
e)All
CorrectAnswer-D
Answer-D.Mucopolysaccharidosis
S-Sclerocornea
T-Trauma
U-Ulcer
M-Mucopolysaccharidosis
P-Peteranomaly
ED-Congenitalhereditaryendothelialdystrophy
37.Trueaboutiris:
a)Eyecolourisduetorelativenumberofmelanocytes
b)Stromaisresponsibleforpigmentation
c)Sphincterpupillaeissuppliedbyparasympatheticfibres
d)Dilatorpupillaeissuppliedbysympatheticfibres
e)Stromaiscoveredonitsanteriorsurfacebytwolayersof
pigmentedepithelium
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:E
Answer-A,Eyecolourisduetorelativenumberof
melanocytesB,Stromaisresponsiblefor
pigmentationC,Sphincterpupillaeissuppliedby
parasympatheticfibresE,Stromaiscoveredonitsanterior
surfacebytwolayersofpigmentedepithelium
Eyecolorisdeterminedbytherelativenumberofmelanocyteinthe
stromaandofcoursethedensityofmelaningranulesproduced.
Irisiscomposedofastromacantainingbranchedconnectivetissue
cells,usuallypigmentedbutlargelyunpigmentedinblueirides.
Thestromaiscoveredonitsposteriorsurfacebytwolayersof
pigmentedepithelium.
Theirisisrichlysuppliedbysensorynervefibresderivedfromthe
trigeminalnerve.
Thesphincterpupillaeissuppliedbyparasympatheticautonomous
secretomotornervefibresderivedfromtheoculomotornerve,while
themotorfibresofthedilatormusclearcdefivedfromthecervical
sympatheticchain.
38.NotfeatureofFuch's
heterochromiciridocyclitis:
a)Whitenodulesontheanteriorsurfaceoftheiris
b)Koppeprecipitatespresentatbackofcornea
c)Granulomatoustypeoflowgradeanterioruveitis
d)Topicalcorticosteroidsareusedfortreatment
e)All
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C.Granulomatoustypeoflowgradeanterioruveitis
Fuchs'heterochromiciridocyclitisisachronicnongranulornatous
typeoflowgradeanterioruveitis.
Thediseaseischaracterisedby:
Heterochromiaofiris,
Diffusestromalirisatrophy,
FineKPsatbackofcornea,
Faintaqueousflare,
Absenceofposteriorsynechiae
Topicalcorticosteroidsareallthatisrequired.
39.Whichofthefollowingvitamindeficiency
cancausecentrocecalscotoma:
a)VitA
b)VitE
c)B6
d)B2
e)B12
CorrectAnswer-E
Answer-E.B12
Fielddefectinvolvingboththemaculaandtheblindspot.
Seeninopticnervedisease.
TypicalofvitaminB12deficiencyopticneuropathy.
Damagetopapillomacularfiberscausesacecocentralscotomamay
developinopticneuritis,nutritionalopticneuropathy,
toxicopticneuropathy,Leber'shereditaryopticneuropathy,and
compressiveopticneuropathy.
40.Trueaboutelectroretinogram:
a)awave-arisesfromrodsandcones
b)bwave-d/tactivityofbipolarcells
c)b-waveresponseissubnormalinearlycasesofretinitis
pigmentosa
d)cwave-representingmetabolicactivityofpigmentepithe-lium
e)BestdiseaseshowsabnormalERG
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Answer-(A)awave-arisesfromrodsandcones(B)bwave-d/t
activityofbipolarcells(C)b-waveresponseissubnormalin
earlycasesofretinitispigmentosa(D)cwave-representing
metabolicactivityofpigmentepithe-lium
Thechangesinducedbythestimulationoflightintheresting
potentialoftheeyearemeasuredbyelectroretinography.Itis
extinguishedorabsentincompletefailureoffunctionofrodsand
cones,e.g.pigmentaryretinaldystrophy,completeocclutionof
retinalartery,completeretinaldetachment,advancedsiderosisetc.
1. Negative'a'waverepresenttheactivityinrodsandcones.
2. Positive'b'wavearisesininnerretinallayers.
3. Positive'c'waveisassociatedwiththepigmentaryepithelium
41.TrueaboutCiliarybody:
a)Itformsaqueoushumour
b)Anteriorsmoothpartiscalledparsplana
c)Ciliaryprocessesarefinger-likeprojectionsfromthepars
plicatapart
d)Ciliarymuscleshelpinaccommodation
e)All
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D
Answer-(A)Itformsaqueoushumour(C)Ciliaryprocessesare
finger-likeprojectionsfromtheparsplicatapart(D)Ciliary
muscleshelpinaccommodation
Ciliarybodyisforwardcontinuationofthechoroidatoraserrata.
Itistriangularinshape
TheinnersideofthetriangleisdividedintotwoParts:
1. anteriorpart-palsPlicata(finger-likeciliaryprocesses)
2. posteriorpart-parsplana(smoothpart)
Microscopicstructure-fivelayers
Supraciliarylamina
Stromaoftheciliarybody
Layerofpigmentedepithelium
Layerofnon-pigmentedepithelium
Internallimitingmembrane
Functionsofciliarybody.
1. Formationofaqueoushumour.
2. Ciliarymuscleshelpinaccommodation
42.Whichofthefollowingstatement(s)is/are
trueaboutJonesdyetest:
a)Doneforassessmentofepiphora
b)Positivetest-1:primaryhypersecretion
c)Negativetest-1:partialobstructionorfailureoflacrimalpump
mechanism
d)Positivetest-2:failureoflacrimalpumpmechanism
e)Negativetest-2:partialobstruction
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C
Answer-(A)Doneforassessmentofepiphora(B)Positivetest-
1:primaryhypersecretion(C)Negativetest-1:partial
obstructionorfailureoflacrimalpumpmechanism
Jonesdyetestsareofnovalueinthepresenceoftotalobstruction.
Dye-stainedcottonbudindicatesadequatedrainage&primary
hypersecretion
Unstainedcottonbudindicateseitherapartialobstructionorfailure
oflacrimalpumpmechanlsm
Primarytestisnegativeinferiormeatusandlacrimalsyringingis
performed
Negativetestpartialobstruction
Negativetestindicatespresenceoflacrimalpumpfailure.
43.TrueaboutKayser-Fleischerring-
a)Depositionofcopper
b)Depositionofiron
c)FoundinWilsondisease
d)DepositionunderDescemet'smembraneofthecornea
e)None
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D
Answer-(A)Depositionofcopper(C)FoundinWilsondisease
(D)DepositionunderDescemet'smembraneofthecornea
Kayser-Fleischerringstaketheformofacrescenticrusty-brown
discolorationofthedeepestlayerofthecornea(Descemet
membrane)
Kayser-FleischerringsareasignofWilson'sdisease,whichinvolves
abnormalcopperhandlingbytheliverresultingincopper
accumulationinthebody.
Characterisedbyabnormalitiesofthebasalgangliaofthebrain,liver
cirrhosis,splenomegaly,involuntarymovements,musclerigidity,
psychiatricdisturbances,dystoniaanddysphagia.
44.Ectopialentisis/areassociatedwith:
a)Homocystinuria
b)Alportsyndrome
c)Lowesyndrome
d)Marfansyndrome
e)Sulphiteoxidasedeficiency
CorrectAnswer-A:D:E
Answer-(A)Homocystinuria(D)Marfansyndrome(E)Sulphite
oxidasedeficiency
Marfansyndrome
Homocystinuria
Weil-Marchesanisyndrome
Sulfiteoxidasedeficiency
Hyperlysinemia
45.Trueaboutcongenitalesotropia:
a)Amblyopiamaydevelops
b)Angleofdeviationisusuallyfixed&large
c)Surgeryshouldbedoneafter2year
d)Onsetonlyafter1yearofage
e)Maybeassociatedwithinferiorobliqueoveraction
CorrectAnswer-A:B:E
Answer-(A)Amblyopiamaydevelops(B)Angleofdeviationis
usuallyfixed&large(E)Maybeassociatedwithinferioroblique
overaction
Ageofonset,isusually1-2monthsofage,butoccuranytimein
first6monthsoflife.
Angleofdeviationisusuallyconstant&fairlylarge.
Amblyopiadevelopsin25-40%ofcases
Associationsincludeinferiorobliqueoveractiondissociatedvertical
deviation(DVD).
Treatment-
Timeofsurgery:Surgeryshouldbedoneb/w6monthsto2years
(preferablybefore1yrofage)
46.Periosteumoforbitisstronglyattached
to:
a)Medialwalloforbit
b)Lateralwalloforbit
c)Flooroforbit
d)Roofoforbit
e)Sutureslines
CorrectAnswer-E
Answer-(E)Sutureslines
Periorbita:Itistheperiostealliningoforbitalwalls.Theperiorbitais
attachedtothesuturelines,fissuresandforaminaoftheorbit.
Posteriorlytheperiorbitaiscontinuouswiththeopticnervesheath.
47.Poorprognosticfactorforretinoblastoma
includes:
a)>4mmsizeoftumour
b)>2mmsizeoftumor
c)Associatedglaucoma
d)Undifferentiatedtumourcells
e)Sclerainvolvement
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
Answer-(A)>4mmsizeoftumour(C)Associatedglaucoma
(D)Undifferentiatedtumourcells(E)Sclerainvolvement
(>4mmsizeoftumor)mighthavepoorprognosis
Childrenwithretinoblastomawhodevelopglaucomatendtohavea
worseprognosis.
Opticnerveinvolvement,undifferentiatedtumourcellsandmassive
choroidalinvasion.
48.TrueaboutA-Vpatternheterotropia
squint:
a)ThetermsAor'V'patternsquintarelabelledwhentheamount
ofdeviationinsquintingeyevariesbymorethan10?and15?,
respectively,betweenupwardanddownwardgaze.
b)ThetermsA!or'V'patternsquintarelabelledwhentheamount
ofdeviationinsquintingeyevariesbymorethan20?and25?,
respectively,betweenupwardanddownwardgaze.
c)Usually,overactionoftheinferiorobliqueorweaknessof
superiorobliqueleadstoaApattern&overactionofthe
superiorobliqueorweaknessofinferiorobliquetoanVpattern
d)Usually,overactionoftheinferiorobliqueorweaknessof
superiorobliqueleadstoaVpattern&overactionofthe
superiorobliqueorweaknessofinferiorobliquetoanApattern
e)ObliquemuscledysfunctionisthecommonestcauseofAV
pattern
CorrectAnswer-A:D:E
Answer-(A)ThetermsAor'V'patternsquintarelabelledwhen
theamountofdeviationinsquintingeyevariesbymorethan
10?and15?,respectively,betweenupwardanddownwardgaze.
(D)Usually,overactionoftheinferiorobliqueorweaknessof
superiorobliqueleadstoaVpattern&overactionofthe
superiorobliqueorweaknessofinferiorobliquetoanApattern
(E)ObliquemuscledysfunctionisthecommonestcauseofAV
pattern
ThetermsKor'V'patternsquintarelabelledwhentheamountof
deviationinsquintingeyevariesbymorethan
deviationinsquintingeyevariesbymorethan
l0and15,respectively,betweenupwardanddownwardgaze.
Aand'V'esotropia:InAesotropiatheamountofdeviationincreases
inupwardgaznand,decreasesindownwardgaze.
Thereverseoccursin'V'esotropia.
'Aand'V'exotropia:ln"A"exotropiatheamountofdeviation
decreasesinupwardgazearad,increasesindownwardgaze.
Thereverseoccursin'V'exotropia.
49.Trueaboutcongenitalesotropia:
a)Onsetisonlyafter1yearofage
b)Amblyopiamaydevelop
c)Angleofdeviationisusuallyfixed&large
d)Surgeryshoulddoneafter2years
e)None
CorrectAnswer-B:C
Answer-(B)Amblyopiamaydevelop(C)Angleofdeviationis
usuallyfixed&large
Asarule,thedeviationisequaltoorlargerthan35prismdiopters
(17.5?)Qandiscomitant,measuringroughlythesameinallgaze
positions,distanceandnear(i.e.large&stableangleofdeviation)
Amblyopiadevelopsin25-40%ofcases
Treatment:Surgeryistreatmentofchoice
Timeofsurgery:Surgeryshotldbedoneb/w6monthsto2years
(preferablybefore1yrofage)
50.Trueaboutlensofeye:
a)Avascular
b)Growthtakesplacethroughoutlife
c)Deriveitsnutritionfromaqueoushumour
d)Transparent
e)Ectodermalinorigin
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D:E
Answer-(A)Avascular(B)Growthtakesplacethroughoutlife
(D)Transparent(E)Ectodermalinorigin
Lensisatransparent,bi-convex,crystallinestructure.
Lenscapsule:Thickestatpre-equatorregion&thinnestatthe
posteriorpole.
"Thelensgrowinsizecontinuouslythroughoutlife.
Thelensoftheeyeisdevelopedfromathickenedareaofsurface
ectoderm,thelensplacode.
Sourceofnutrientsupply:Thecrystallinelens,beinganavascular
structure.
51.Featuresofocularischemicsyndrome
includesallexcept:
a)Microaneurysm
b)Dot&blothaemorrhage
c)Morecommoninelderlywomenthanmen
d)Discedema
e)Amaurosisfugax
CorrectAnswer-C:D
Answer-(C)Morecommoninelderlywomenthanmen(D)Disc
edema
Ocularischaemicsyndromereferstoarareconditionresultingfrom
chronicocularhypoperfusionsecondarytocarotidarterystenosis.
Riskfactors-malegender,oldage(60-90years)smoking,for
carotidstanceshypertension,
Clinicalfeatures-
Amaurosisfugax
Retinalarteryocclusion
Transientcerebralischaemicattacks
Usuallyunilateral
Pain-ocularorperiorbital
Fundusexaminationmayreveal:
Retinashowmidperipheraldotandblothaemorrhages,
microaneurysmsandcottonwoolspots.
52.Allareocularemergencyexcept:
a)Eyeinjury
b)Sympatheticophthalmitis
c)Retinalarteryocclusion
d)CRVO
e)Bacterialendophthalmitis
CorrectAnswer-D
Answer-(D)CRVO
Comonophthalmicemergenciesare:-
Acutecongestiveglaucoma
Rupturedglobe
Ulcerativeortraumaticcornealdiseases
Opticneuritis
Hyphema
Endophthalmitis
Acuteblindness
Orbitalcellulitis
Eyelidorconjunctivallaceration
Centralretinalarterialocclusion(CRAG)
Anteriorlenssubluxation
Retinaldetachment
53.Allaretrueregardingcorneaexcept:
a)Endotheliumhelpinmaintainingdehydratedstate
b)Oxygenismostlyderivedbyepitheliumdirectlyfromtheair
throughtearfilm
c)Glucosesupplyforcornealmetabolismismainlyderivedfrom
theaqueous
d)Cornealthicknessismoreatcenterthanperiphery
e)Richlyvascular
CorrectAnswer-D:E
Answer-(D)Cornealthicknessismoreatcenterthanperiphery
(E)Richlyvascular
Outer&fibrouscoatofEYEBALL.
Transparent,anterior1/6thsegmentofeyeball.
Non-vascular
Mostoftherefractionineyeoccuratanteriorsurfaceofcornea(air-
tearinterface),i.e.,Anteriorsurfaceofcorneaisthemostimportant
refractivestructureofeye.
Themostactivelymetabolisinglayersofthecorneaareepithelium&
endothelium.
54.Lateralwalloforbitis/areformedby:
a)Lesserwingofsphenoid
b)Frontalprocessofzygomaticbone
c)Greaterwingofsphenoid
d)Lacrimalbone
e)Maxilla
CorrectAnswer-B:C
Answer-(B)Frontalprocessofzygomaticbone(C)Greater
wingofsphenoid
Thelateralwallisthethickestwalloftheorbit,importantbecauseit
isthemostexposedsurface,highlyvulnerabletobluntforcetrauma.
Anteriorsurfaceofgreaterwingofsphenoid
Orbitalsurfaceoffrontalprocessofzygomaticbone
55.TrueaboutLeberopticneuropathy:
a)X-linkeddisease
b)Primarilyaffectsmale
c)Discbecomepale&atrophic
d)Transmittedfrommothertochild
e)Mitochondrialinheritance
CorrectAnswer-B:C:D:E
Answer-(B)Primarilyaffectsmale(C)Discbecomepale&
atrophic(D)Transmittedfrommothertochild(E)Mitochondrial
inheritance
Leber'shereditaryopticneuropathyischaracterizedbysequential
subacuteopticneuropathyinmalesaged11-30years.
Theunderlyinggeneticabnormalityisapointmutationin
mitochondrialDNA.
SincemitochondrialDNAisexclusivelyderivedfrommother.
Itischaracterizeedbybilateral,painless,subacutevisualfailurethat
developsduringyoungadultlife.
Theydevelopblurringaffectingthecentralvisualfieldofoneeye.
Visuallossisbilateralatonset.
Laterinatrophicphase,discbecomesatrophicandpale.
56.Riskfactorforcystoidmacularedema
include(s)allexcept:
a)Hypertensiveretinopathy
b)Vitreousloss
c)Diabetesmellitus
d)Cataractsurgeryisanimportantcause
e)Lowerincidencewithintracapsularcataractextractionthan
extracapsularcataractextraction
CorrectAnswer-E
Answer-E.Lowerincidencewithintracapsularcataract
extractionthanextracapsularcataractextraction
Causesofmacularedemaare-
Metabolicalteration:-Diabetes,retinitispigmentosa,Inherited
cystoidmacularedema(CME).
Ischemia;-CRVO,Diabeticretinopathy,severehypertensive
retinopathy,HELLPsyndrome,vasculitis.
Mechanicalforce:-Vitreoustractiononthemacula.
Inflammation:-Intermediateuveitis,Post-operativeCME,choroidal
inflammatorydiseases.
Pharmacotoxicity:-Epinephrine(inAphakia),Betaxolal,
Latanoprost.
57.Feature(s)ofInfantileglaucomais/are
except:
a)Aniridiamaybeassociated
b)Treatmentincludestrabeculotomy
c)Buphthalmoscanoccur
d)Corneaisthin&clear
e)MaybeassociatedwithSturge-webersyndrome
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer-B.Treatmentincludestrabeculotomy
Congenitalptosisisusuallyaresultofalocalizeddystrophyofthe
levatormuscleinwhichthestriatedmusclefibers
arereplacedwithfibroustissue.
Thelidcreaseisdecreasedorabsent.
Amblyopiamayoccurinchildrenwithptosis.
Ifadroopyeyelidispresentatbirthorwithinthefirstyearoflife,the
conditioniscalledcongenitalptosis.
Itisassociatedwithcongenitalweakens(maldevelopment)ofthe
levatorpalpebraesuperioris(LPS).
Treatmentincludestrabeculotomy.
58.TrueaboutArcussenilis:
a)Fattyinfiltration
b)Axialcornealdegeneration
c)Depositionoccurinstromaofperipheralcornea
d)Amyloiddeposit
e)Involvelimbus
CorrectAnswer-A:C
Answer-(A)Fattyinfiltration(C)Depositionoccurinstromaof
peripheralcornea
Itreferstoananndarlipidinfiltrationofcornealperiphery.
Affectselderlypatients.
Theareasofthecornea&scleranearthelimbus&perivascular
areasofthescleraareneverinvolved
Lipidaccumulationisfoundintheperipheralcornealstroma.
59.Trueaboutmoderateflareuveitis:
a)Categorisedasgrade1+
b)Categorisedasgrade2+
c)Categorisedasgrade3+
d)Hazycornea
e)Clearirisdetail
CorrectAnswer-B:E
Answer-(B)Categorisedasgrade2+(E)Clearirisdetail
Itisduetoleakageofproteinparticlesintotheaqueoushumour
fromdamagedbloodvessels.
Theflareisgradedfrom'0'to+4-
0-noaqueousflare
+1justdetectable
+2moderateflarewithclearirisdetails
+3markedflare
+4intenseflare
60.Trueaboutorbitalrhabdomyosarcoma-
a)Arisefrompleuripotentmesenchymalcell
b)Originfromskeletalmusclecell
c)UsuallyB/1
d)Femalepredisposition
e)Morecommoninchildren
CorrectAnswer-A:E
Answer-(A)Arisefrompleuripotentmesenchymalcell(E)More
commoninchildren
Itisahighlymalignanttumouroftheorbitarisingfromthe
extraocularmuscles.
Usuallyoccurringbelowtheageof15years.
Thetumourcommonlyinvolvesthesuperionasalquadrant.
Male:femaleratioof5:3
PrimaryorbitalRMSoriginatesfromprimitivepleuripotential
mesenchymalcells.
61.AllaretrueabouttreatmentofAgerelated
maculardegenerationexcept:
a)Intravitrealanti-VEGFtherapy
b)Laserabalation
c)Photodynamictherapy(PDT)
d)Transpupillarythermotherapy
e)Prognosisaftertreatmentfornon-exudativevarietyisverygood
CorrectAnswer-E
Answer-E.Prognosisaftertreatmentfornon-exudativevariety
isverygood
Age-relatedmaculardegeneration(ARMD),alsocalledsenile
maculardegeneration,isabilateraldiseaseofpersonsofolder
individuals.
Treatment-
Roleofdietarysupplementsandantioxidantsinpreventionor
treatmentofARMD.
Intravitrealanti-VEGFtherapy(Bevacizumab,Ranibizumab,
Pegaptanib)isthetreatmentchoice.
Photodynamictherapy(PDT)isthe2ndtreatmentofchoice.
TransPupillarythermotherapy(TTT)withadiodelaser
Doublefrequency&YAG532nmphotocoagulation
Surgicaltreatmentintheformofsubmacularsurgery
Pharmacologicmodulationwithantiangiogenicagent.
62.Causes(s)ofshallowanteriorchamber
is/are:
a)Anteriorsublaxationoflens
b)PupilblockduetovitreousbulgeafterICCE
c)Anteriordislocationoflensinanteriorchamber
d)Aphakia
e)Myopia
CorrectAnswer-A:B
Answer-(A)Anteriorsublaxationoflens(B)Pupilblockdueto
vitreousbulgeafterICCE
Primarynarrowangleglaucoma
Hypermetropia
Postoperativeshallowanteriorchamber(afterintraocularsurgery
duetowoundleakorciliochoroidaldetachment).
Malignantglaucoma
Anteriorperforations(perforatinginjuriesorperforationofcorneal
ulcer).
Anteriorsubluxationoflens
Intumescent(swollen)lens
63.Trueaboutpigmentaryglaucoma:
a)Morecommoninfemales
b)Morecommoninmyopes
c)Slit-liketransilluminationdefectsinthemidperipheryis
pathognomonicfeature
d)Occurduetocloggingupofthetrabecularmeshwork
e)None
CorrectAnswer-C:D
Answer-(C)Slit-liketransilluminationdefectsinthemid
peripheryispathognomonicfeature(D)Occurduetoclogging
upofthetrabecularmeshwork
Itisatypeofsecondaryopen-angleglaucomawhereincloggingup
ofthetrabecularmeshworkoccursbythepigmentparticles.
Theconditiontypicallyoccursinyoungmyopicmales.
C/F
Depositionofpigmentgranulesiniris,posteriorsurfaceofthe
cornea,trabecularmeshwork,ciliaryzonulesandthecrystalline
lens.
Iristransilluminationshowsradialslit-liketransilluminationdefectsin
themidperiphery(pathognomonicfeature).
64.Uveitisis/areseenasside-effectof
causedby:
a)Latanoprost
b)Moxifloxacin
c)Cidofovir
d)Rifabutin
e)All
CorrectAnswer-B:C:D
Answer-(B)Moxifloxacin(C)Cidofovir(D)Rifabutin
Rostaglandin-Analoguesbimatoprostandtravoprost
Rifabutin
Cidofovir
Moxifloxacin
DrugInducedUveitis
SystemicDrugs
TopicalDrugs
1. Ritabutin
2. Bisphosphonales
1. Metipranobol
3. Sulphonamides
2. Miolics
4. DielhylcarbanrklZine
3. Proslaglandirts
5. Cidolovir
IntracameralDrugs
1. Gicobvir
2. Aniibidics
3. Lfrakhase
Vaccines
This post was last modified on 11 August 2021