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CAUSES
CEREBRAL
SPINAL
PERIPHERAL
CEREBRAL CAUSES
GRADUAL ONSET
SUDDEN ONSET
Parasagital meningioma
Thrombosis of unpaired
ACA
Hydrocephalus
Cerebral diplegia
Superior sagital sinus
thrombosis
SPINAL CAUSES
COMPRESSIVE
NON -
COMPRESSIVE
EXTRAMEDULLARY INTRAMEDULLARY
EXTRADURAL
INTRADURAL
COMPRESIVE
EXTRAMEDULLARY
INTRAMEDULLARY
EXTRADURAL:
Infection : abcess,
Infection : TB spine, epidural
tuberculoma
abcess
Secondaries : breast, prostate,
Syringomyelia
lungs, ovary
Primary tumors :
Trauma : disc prolapse
astrocytoma, glioma,
INTRADURAL :
ependymoma
Primary tumor :
neurofibroma, meningioma
AV malformations
Infections : TB, syphillis
FEATURES
EXTRAMEDULL INTRAMEDULLA
ARY
RY
1. Root pain
Early and common
Rare
2. Sensory deficit
No dissociation of pain Dissociation of sensation
3. Sacral sensation
Lost ( early )
Sacral sparing
4. LMN involvement
Segmental
Marked with widespread
atrophy
5. Reflexes
Brisk, early feature
Less brisk, late feature
6. Autonomic
involvement
Late
Early
(bowel and
bladder)
Usually not marked
Common
7. Trophic changes
May be sensitive to
No bony tenderness
8. Vertebral
local pressure
tenderness
Early and prominent
Late and less pronounced
9. UMN involvement Frequent
Rare
10. Changes in CSF
(protieins)
NON COMPRESSIVE
Congenital
Trauma
Vascular : Ant spinal artery occlusion, vasculitis,
SLE
Infection : syphillis, TB, varicella zooster, CMV
Demylination
Primary : multiple sclerosis
Secondary : post vaccination, para infectious
Nutrional : Vit B12 , lathyrism, Cu
Immunological : RA, sjogren's syndrome, Beheset's
disease
Devlopmental : tethered cord syndrome, etc
LMN TYPE OF LEISION
Lesion involving anterior horn cell
Acute anterior polymyelitis, Progressive
muscular atrophy, Trauma
Lesion of peripheral nerve
GBS, cauda equina syndrome
Lesion of NMJ
Myasthenia gravis, drugs like aminoglycosides or
organophosphorus insectisides
Lesion in muscles
myopathy
This post was last modified on 12 August 2021