Download VNSGU MBBS First Year Regional Anatomy Syllabus

VEER NARMAD SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, SURAT.
F.Y. M.B.B.S.
B) Regional Anatomy

I) UPPER LIMB

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REGIONS : Mammary gland, Axilla, Cubital fossa, Fascial spaces of the
hand Relations and functional importance of individual structures,
Dupuytren's contracture, Hand as a functional unit ? grips, Nerve injury,
carpal tunnel syndrome, Clavipectoral fascia; Salient features about
carpals;

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ARTHROLOGY
Shoulder girdle;
Shoulder joint ;
Elbow ;

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Radioulnar
joints; Wrist; Carpometacarpal joint of thumb; Bones taking part
Classification of joints, Movement with muscles causing movements,
midcarpal joint, metacarpophalangeal joints, interphalangeal joints Fall
on the outstretched hand

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Level 2Axilla: Collaterals Lymph nodes (breast) Axillary sheath cervico-
axillary canal, Abscess drainage, Palm: comparative anatomy (thumb,
palmaris brevis), position of rest and of function, collaterals, Fascial
spaces: Surgical significance

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OSTEOLOGY
Identification; Anatomical position; Parts; Joints formed; Development;
identification of individual carpals in and articulated hand)
Clavicle: Line of force transmission, commonest site of fracture

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Humerus: fractures - Colles' fracture, Smith's fracture
Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges: Carpal tunnel syndrome,
fracture scaphoid Surgical approaches, Subluxation of head of radius,
carrying angle
MYOLOGY:

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Muscles of upper limb, attachment, Nerve supply, Actions Applied
aspects: Volkmann's ischaemic contracture Quadrangular and triangular
spaces, Triangle of auscultation

ANGIOLOGY: Axillary, Brachial, Radial, Ulnar Arteries, veins,

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lymphatics Commencement, Termination, Main area of distribution and
drainage, Anastomosis ? Applied aspects, Artery : Damage to vessels,
Raynaud's disease, Veins: Thrombosis, Lymphatics: Lymphangitis (red
streaks), lymphadenitis,

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NEUROLOGY:

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A. Nerves
Axillary, median, ulnar, musculocutaneous, radial, Origin, course,
distribution, Root value
B. Plexus: Brachial
Applied aspects: Nerve injury at various sites - Tendon reflex - Winging

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of scapula, Erb's palsy, Klumpke's palsy, Crutch palsy, ulnar paradox

II) LOWER LIMB

REGION:

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boundaries, major contents; Gluteal, femoral
triangle;
Adductor canal, compartments of thigh, leg; Popliteal
fossa, Adductor canal , Sole, Arches of foot,; Gluteal IM injections
Femoral hernia blood supply to head of femur; Fracture neck of femur,

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mechanics movement of joints; hip and knee, Trendelenburg test; Knee
joint : derangement, injuries to cruciate ligaments, menisci; (tear - bucket
handle type); Ankle : Sprain mechanism of venous return, varicose veins
Applied aspects of Adductor canal, popliteal aneurysms

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OSTEOLOGY: Identification, region, anatomical position; parts, joints
formed, For tarsals - identification of individual tarsals in an articulated
foot.

Level 2

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Applied aspects: Bony specialization for bipeds, walking and
transmission of weight, Fracture, femoral torsion, neck shaft angle, bone
grafts
ARTHROLOGY
Hip, knee, ankle, subtalar, Tibiofibular Hip joint : dislocation, congenital,

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traumatic, surgical approaches to joints (anatomical basis), traumatic
effusion, bursitis

MYOLOGY
Attachments, nerve supply, actions of: Muscles of lower limb calf pump,

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antigravity muscles
ANGIOLOGY
Artery: Femoral, profunda femoris, popliteal, dorsalis pedis,
Commencement, termination, main area of supply, course, relations &
applied

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Vein: Venous drainage of lower limb, long and short saphenous veins,
Communication and valves. Varicose Lymphatics: Inguinal group of
lymph nodes

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Lever 2 :intermittent claudication, clinical significance of anastomosis:
around knee, venous thrombosis

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NEUROLOGY
a. Plexus: Lumbar and sacral, Location, Formation, Distribution
b. Nerves: Root value of sciatic, femoral, obturator, tibial, common
peroneal nerves; Origin, course, distribution; sciatica, foot drop
Level 2 :Pes cavus, equinovarus, clawing of toes

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III) ABDOMEN

i) ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
Rectus sheath, quadrants and regions, Testes, epididymis, spermatic cord,

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scrotum
Level 2: Surgical incisions of abdomen types of inguinal herniae
Peritoneum, Lesser Omentum, Omental Bursa, Epiploic Foramen, Testes
Morphology, blood supply, lymphatic drainage

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25. SPERMATIC CORD
Definition, beginning, end, course and contents, coverings, vasectomy

ii)
Abdominal organs :

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Morphology relations blood supply, lymphatics nerve supply & applied
Anatomy of following organs
STOMACH, SPLEEN, LIVER:,BILIARY APPARATUS,
PANCREAS, SMALL INTESTINE,LARGE INTESTINE AND
VERMIFORM APPENDIX,KIDNEYS, URETERS,SUPRARENAL

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GLANDS
Level 2: peptic ulcer ,Splenic circulation, splenic vascular segments,liver,
biopsy, Support of liver,Gall stones ,Duct system of pancreas ,Surgical
approach to kidney , stones (Renal), Ureter,Sites of constrictions,
Hydronephrosis, pheochromocytoma

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Level 3: Gastroscopy, Achlorhydria, Splenectomy, Liver transplant,
Pancreatitis, diabetes, Renal transplant, Stones in ureter, Cushing's
disease

iii)

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Pelvic Viscera :-
Morphology, relations, blood supply nerve supply & applied anatomy
URINARY BLADDER & URETHRA, UTERUS, OVARIES AND
UTERINE TUBES, PROSTATE, RECTUM AND ANAL CANAL,
UROGENITAL DIAPHRAGM (UGD)

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Level 2: Supports and micturition, stones in bladder ,Ovarian cyst,
enlargement complications, Fistula, Fissure, piles
Level 3: cystoscopy, Hysterectomy,cancer, Supports of rectum
iv) Perineum ? Ischiorectal fossa, pudendal canal, perianal spaces
Urogenital diaphragm, male urethra, penis ? perineal pouches

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Level 2: Ischiorectal hernia
v) MYOLOGY
Anterior abdominal wall, Rectus sheath, Psoas major, Quadratus
lumborum, Thoracoabdominal diaphragm, pelvic diaphragm,
Thoracolumbar fascia, perineal spaces & muscles

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Level 3: Psoas abscess
vi) OSTEOLOGY
Level 2: Pelvis - types
(various diameters), lumbar vertebrae, anatomical basis of disc prolapse,
nerve compression

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Level 3: Sacralization, Lumbarization
ARTHROLOGY
Movements of lumbar vertebrae, lumbosacral, sacroiliac, sacrococcygeal
joints
vii) ANGIOLOGY :-

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Origin, course, termination, relations, branches & applied anatomy
of
PORTAL VEIN
Level 2: portasystemic communications
Level 3: Portasystemic communications in detail; Development

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INFERIOR VENA CAVA,ABDOMINAL AORTA,INTERNAL ILIAC
ARTERY

viii) NEUROLOGY, LUMBAR PLEXUS, SACRAL PLEXUS

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IV) THORAX
i) THORACIC WALL,THORACIC INLET
Boundaries and contents
THORACIC OUTLET, Boundaries and contents, major openings and levels,
Typical intercostal space, Boundaries and contents, muscles Atypical

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intercostal space, Movements of respiration
Level 2: importance and minor openings in outlet, Accessory muscles of
respiration

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Level 3: Applied aspects: Barrel chest, pectus excavatum, rickety rosary

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ii) MEDIASTINUM
Divisions and major contents
Level 2: Mediastinitis, mediastinoscopy
SUPERIOR AND POSTERIOR MEDIASTINA, LIST OF STRUCTURES
Boundaries and contents:

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Level 2 : Superior mediastinal Syndrome, Course, relation and branches /
area of drainage
Level 3: Coarctation of aorta, aneurysm, developmental anomalies

iii)PLEURA

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Pleural reflections, recesses, innervation
Level 2: importance of recesses
Level 3: pleural effusion
LUNGS
Gross description including lobes, fissures and bronchopulmonary segments

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Level 2: relations, blood supply, nerve supply
Level 3: Postural drainage, surgical importance, of bronchopulmonary
segments, foreign body inhalation

iv)PERICARDIUM & HEART

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Divisions of pericardium and sinuses
Level 2: referred pain
Level 3: Pericardial effusion
HEART
Anatomical position, location, surfaces and borders, interior of all chambers,

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conducting system of heart; vessels of heart
Level 2: Relations, nerve supply - foramen ovale, patent IV septum, over-
riding aorta, referred pain, functional end arteries - coronaries
Level 3: PDA, Fallot's tetralogy, etc.

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v)OSTEOLOGY
IDENTIFICATION and parts of VERTEBRAE , RIBS - and STERNUM

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Level 2: Identification of T1, T9, T10, T11, T12, vertebrae and atypical ribs
- 1, 2, 11, 12. relations, attachments, ossification
Level 3: Fracture ribs, flail chest, compression fracture of vertebra

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V) HEAD-FACE NECK

i) REGIONS AND ORGANS, FASCIAE OF THE NECK
TRIANGLES OF NECK

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Level 2 Spaces and spread of infections, axillary sheath , Relations of
contents, Damage to accessory nerve, sialogram, approach to gland,
bidigital palpation of submandibular gland,Dangerous area of face, squint
Level 3: surgical neck incisions, external jugular vein - air embolism, LN
biopsy, JVP, pulse, Frey's syndrome

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GLANDS
Thyroid, Parathyroid, Parotid, Submandibular, sublingual, Pituitary
Morphology, capsule, relations, nerve supply, blood supply
FACE
Muscles, nerve supply - blood supply

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SCALP,PALATE,TONGUE,LARYNX, PHARYNX, ORBIT,
EYEBALL,STYLOID APPARATUS,NASAL CAVITY,
EAR,INTERNAL EAR,MIDDLE EAR,EXTERNAL EAR,MENINGES

ii) OSTEOLOGY

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Identification, anatomical position, parts, foramina in the skull, structures
passing through them, norma basalis, verticalis, frontalis, lateralis,
occipitalis and interior of cranial cavity
Foetal skull; Mandible: Age changes
Level 2: Fontanelles, Dental formula

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Level 3: Fractures of the skull, Age of dentition, cervical rib, disc
herniation

iii) ARTHROLOGY
TM JOINT

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Level 2: Dislocation

iv) MYOLOGY
Sternomastoid, Digastric, Mylohyoid, Hyoglossus, Muscles of facial
expression, mastication, larynx, pharynx, tongue, palate and, Extra-ocular

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muscles
Level 2 Relations, development
Level 3 facial nerve palsy

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v) ANGIOLOGY

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ARTERIES
Origin, parts, course, relations, branches of:
Subclavian, Internal carotid, External carotid, Vertebral, Lingual, Facial,
Maxillary
Level 2: Sub-branches, distributions

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Level 3: Subclavian steal syndrome, Subclavian-axillary anastomosis
VEINS
External and internal Jugular veins, venous drainage of face
VENOUS SINUSES
Names, locations, drainage, classification

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EMISSARY VEINS, CAVERNOUS SINUS, LYMPHATIC
DRAINAGE OF HEAD FACE NECK

vi) NEUROLOGY
Cranial nerves,Nucleus, course, relations, branches, distribution, reflex

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pathways & applied anatomy, PLEXUS:
Cervical, Brachial,
PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA, CERVICAL SYMPATHETIC CHAIN

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VI) NEUROANATOMY
i) SPINAL CORD
Gross features: Extent (child / adult), enlargements, conus medullaris,
filum terminale, spinal meninges Tracts Ascending and Descending
Level 2: Spinal segments, vertebral correlation, significance of

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enlargements nuclei of grey matter at upper & lower cervical, mid-
thoracic, Lumbar & sacral levels Clinical correlation of lesions
Level 3: anomalies,lamination, syringomyelia, PID, tumours, TB, trauma,
dislocation, myelography
ii) MEDULLA OBLONGATA

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Gross features: Motor decussation: Sensory decussation: Inferior
olivary nucleus Cranial nerve nuclei
Level 2: Tuber cinereum, pontobulbar body, Order of neurons, Details of
nuclei and organisation of white matter
Level 3: medullary syndromes-Bulbar palsy, increased ICT, Arnold-

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Chiari malformation,

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iii) PONS
Cross sections at the level of:
Facial colliculus, Trigeminal nucleus
General features: Peduncles, Floor of the fourth ventricle

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Level 2: Relations
Level 3: Tumours, pontine haemorrhage

iv) CEREBELLUM
Gross features: Division, Lobes, relations, internal structure -

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Level 2: connections of,cerebellar cortex and intracerebellar nuclei,
white matter classification, Purkinje neuron,
Level 3: dysfunction,-dysequilibrium, ataxia, hypotonia
Nuclei: Names of nuclei and important connections
Peduncles : Important tracts in the peduncles

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Functions : Of archicerebellum, paleocerebellum & neocerebellum

v) MIDBRAIN
General features :
relations, contents of interpeduncular cistern, connections of red nucleus

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Level 2: Weber's syndrome, Benedikt's syndrome
Level 1 :T.S. at inferior colliculus, TS at superior colliculus

vi) CEREBRUM
CORTEX, WHITE MATTER, BASAL NUCLEI, LIMBIC LOBE

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Surfaces, borders, major sulci, gyri, poles, lobes, major functional areas,
interior - gray and white matter
Gray - cortex - granular / agranular, striate, Basal nuclei - names, White
matter - classification with examples; Components of limbic lobe
Level 2: handedness, Connections of limbic lobe

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vii) DIENCEPHALON
Dorsal thalamus Epithalamus Metathalamus Hypothalamus Subthalamus
Boundaries, parts, relations (gross), cavity, major nuclei, gross
connections

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viii) VENTRICULAR SYSTEM
Parts, boundaries, foramina, correlation with parts of brain
Level 2: Choroid fissure, recesses, Queckenstedt's test
Level 3: Hydrocephalus, VA shunt

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ix) BLOOD SUPPLY OF BRAIN
Circle of Willis, subarachnoid space, arteries, veins
Level 2: blood brain barrier, Hemiplegia
Level3: End arteries, CSF formation

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x) MENINGES
Cerebral and spinal meninges, folds of dura, contents of subarachnoid
spaces, arachnoid villi and granulations, direction of flow of CSF, lumbar
puncture Cisterns, Definition, terminology, cisterna magna

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Level 2: cisternal puncture, Queckensted's test, vertebral venous plexus,
choroid plexus
Extracerebral and intracerebral communication, CSF block,
Level 3: Epidural space

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