APPOINTMENT OF EXAMINERS:
There shall be at least four examiners. Out of whom not less than 50% must be
an external examiners. Of the four examiners, the senior most internal examiner will act
as Chairman/Convenor. The Chairman will make distribution of . Practical & viva-voce,
Theory.
Paper I.
50 marks.
Paper II.
____________
TOTAL 100 marks.
Theory ? viva.
20 marks
Practical :
Q.1. Quantitative.
20 marks.
15 marks.
Q.3. Spotting.
5 marks.
-------------------
40 marks.
Internal assessment
20 marks.
Practical 20 marks.
---------------------
Total 40 marks.
in theory & Minimum of 50% in practical & minimum of 50% in Internal Assessment.
DETAILS OF SYLLABUS FOR HUMAN BIOCHEMISTRY.
Structural formulae are not obligatory.
Must know:
1. Chemistry of carbohydrates: classification and biochemical importance, chemistry
and functions of monosaccharides(excluding isomerism), disaccharides and
polysaccharides including Glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides).
2. Chemistry of Lipids: classification and biological importance of triacyl glycerol,
lipoproteins.
3. Chemistry of proteins: general nature of amino acids, various ways of classification
of amino acids, biologically important peptides, classification, properties and
biological importance of proteins. Structural organization of proteins, Plasma
proteins-functions, clinical significance of various fractions, methods of separation
(only principle).
4. Enzymes : General nature, classification of enzymes, specificity
and mode of action of enzymes, factors affecting enzyme activity.
Enzyme inhibitions (Kinetic not required).Clinical importance
and isoenzymes.
5. Biological oxidation: General concept of oxidation and reduction.
Role of enzymes and co-enzymes. Electron transport chain.
Substrate level and Oxidative phosphorylation, Role of uncouplers
6. Haemoglobin: Chemistry and functions of haemoglobin . Types of
normal and abnormal hemoglobins.(HbS, M,Thalassemia).
Haemoglobin derivatives.
7. Vitamins: General nature, classification, sources,active forms
and hypervitaminosis.
8. Nutrition: Balance diet for normal adult, Quality of dietary protein,
SDA, protein energy malnutrition ( Kwashiorkor and Marasmus).
9. Carbohydrate Metabolism: Biochemical aspects of digestion and
glycogen, Glycolysis, Rapoport Lumbering cycle, Citric acid cycle,
Gluconeogenesis, HMP shunt pathway and its biological
significance,Uric acid pathway (significance only). Metabolism of
Galactose and Galactosemia. Blood sugar level and its regulation,
10. Protein Metabolism: Biochemical aspects of digestion and
absorption of proteins. Fate of amino acid in the body
(Deamination, Transmination, Transdeamination,Decarboxylation),
Fates of ammonia (Urea cycle, glutamine formation), Metabolism
errors. Metabolism of Glycine.
11. Lipid Metabolism: Biochemical aspects of digestion and absorption of Lipids. Beta
oxidation, biosynthesis of saturated fatty acids only, cholesterol biosynthesis,
transport (role of HDL & LDL) Excretion, Ketogenesis, Ketolysis and Ketosis.
atherosclerosis.
12. Chemistry and Metabolism of purines:, nucleosides, nucleotides. Biologically
important free nucleotides, Biosynthesis of purines(sources of ring & regulatory
steps only, conversion of IMP to GMP & AMP) and salvage pathway, Biosynthesis
of pyrimidines, Breakdown of purines and pyrimidines, Gout, Lesch- Nyhan
Syndrome
13. Metabolic interrelationship of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins metabolism.
14. Hormones : General characteristics and Mechanism of hormone action. cAMP the
second messenger, phosphotidyl inositol /calcium system as second messenger.
DNA Replication, Transcription, Translation, chain initiation, chain elongation ,
chain termination, Inhibitors of protein biosynthesis.
16. Molecular Mechanism of gene expression and regulation 1) Lac-
operon model, Mutations.
sodium, potassium & chloride; (iii) magnesium, copper & iodine;
(iv) Iron, (v) manganese, selenium, zinc & fluoride. Their importance
in body in brief.
18 Water and electrolyte balance and imbalance.
20 Haemoglobin Metabolism : Synthesis and break down of
haemoglobin, porphyria (in brief), Fate of bilirubin, different types
of Jaundice.
21 Function tests: (i) Liver function tests, (ii) Kidney function tests &
22 Detoxication mechanisms: (Bio- transformation) oxidation,
reduction, conjugation, hydrolysis.
Desirable to know :
1. Introduction of Biochemistry as a basic science for the study of medicine,
2. Molecular and functional organization of a cell and its subcellular
components.
3. Genetic engineering : Recombinant DNA , Restriction endonuclease,
Chimeric molecule, and Gene library. Applications of recombinant DNA
4. Molecular concept of body defence and their applications:
i) Immunoglobulins- structure & functions, ii) Free radicals, enzymatic
and non-enzymatic antioxidants .
5. Radioisotopes : Uses of radioisotopes (therapeutic, diagnostic) and
6. Metabolic changes during starvation.
Nice to know :
1. Environmental Biochemistry: Definition, chemical stress, air & water
pollution.
carcinogenesis.
TOPICS OF THE LECTURES AND APPROXIMATE NUMBER OF
LECTURES, HUMAN BIOCHEMISTRY - FIRST PHASE- M.B.B.S.
Lectures.
1
2. Chemistry of Carbohydrates.
4
3. Chemistry of Proteins.
4. Chemistry of Lipids.
4
5. Chemistry of Nucleo proteins.
2
6
7. Biological oxidation.
2
8. Chemistry and functions of Haemoglobin; abnormal haemoglobin.
9. Carbohydrate Metabolism.
6
10. Protein Metabolism.
6
6
12. Integration of metabolism and metabolic changes during starvation.
2
13. Mechanism of hormones action.
14. Vitamins (Fat & Water soluble)
6
15. Nutrition.
2
2
17. Chemistry and functions of Nucleic acids.;
5
Protein biosynthesis, Gene expression,mutations.
2
19. Biochemistry of cancer.
1
20. Radioisotopes.
21. Haemoglobin metabolism, liver function tests,Detoxification mechanisms.
3
22. Kidney function tests,Thyroid function tests
2
4
24. Water and Electrolyte Balance.
2
25. Acid base balance,
26. Environmental Biochemistry.
1
27. Molecular concept of body defence.
2
There shall be at least four examiners. Out of whom not less than 50% must be
an external examiners. Of the four examiners, the senior most internal examiner will act
as Chairman/Convenor. The Chairman will make distribution of . Practical & viva-voce,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
so that all examiners will examine each candidate.Theory.
Paper I.
50 marks.
Paper II.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
50 marks.____________
TOTAL 100 marks.
Theory ? viva.
20 marks
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
( paper I & II ? 10 marks each.)Practical :
Q.1. Quantitative.
20 marks.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Q.2. Qualitative/Quantitative.15 marks.
Q.3. Spotting.
5 marks.
-------------------
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Total40 marks.
Internal assessment
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Theory20 marks.
Practical 20 marks.
---------------------
Total 40 marks.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Standard of passing : A candidate must obtain 50% in aggregate with Minimum of 50%in theory & Minimum of 50% in practical & minimum of 50% in Internal Assessment.
DETAILS OF SYLLABUS FOR HUMAN BIOCHEMISTRY.
Structural formulae are not obligatory.
Must know:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
1. Chemistry of carbohydrates: classification and biochemical importance, chemistry
and functions of monosaccharides(excluding isomerism), disaccharides and
polysaccharides including Glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides).
2. Chemistry of Lipids: classification and biological importance of triacyl glycerol,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
phospholipids, glycolipids, fatty acids (PUFA), prostaglandin, steroids andlipoproteins.
3. Chemistry of proteins: general nature of amino acids, various ways of classification
of amino acids, biologically important peptides, classification, properties and
biological importance of proteins. Structural organization of proteins, Plasma
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
proteins-functions, clinical significance of various fractions, methods of separation
(only principle).
4. Enzymes : General nature, classification of enzymes, specificity
and mode of action of enzymes, factors affecting enzyme activity.
Enzyme inhibitions (Kinetic not required).Clinical importance
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(Diagnostic, therapeutic and as a Laboratory reagent ) of enzymesand isoenzymes.
5. Biological oxidation: General concept of oxidation and reduction.
Role of enzymes and co-enzymes. Electron transport chain.
Substrate level and Oxidative phosphorylation, Role of uncouplers
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
and inhibitors.6. Haemoglobin: Chemistry and functions of haemoglobin . Types of
normal and abnormal hemoglobins.(HbS, M,Thalassemia).
Haemoglobin derivatives.
7. Vitamins: General nature, classification, sources,active forms
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
and metabolic role, deficiency manifestations, daily requirementand hypervitaminosis.
8. Nutrition: Balance diet for normal adult, Quality of dietary protein,
SDA, protein energy malnutrition ( Kwashiorkor and Marasmus).
9. Carbohydrate Metabolism: Biochemical aspects of digestion and
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
absorption of carbohydrates. Synthesis and break down ofglycogen, Glycolysis, Rapoport Lumbering cycle, Citric acid cycle,
Gluconeogenesis, HMP shunt pathway and its biological
significance,Uric acid pathway (significance only). Metabolism of
Galactose and Galactosemia. Blood sugar level and its regulation,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
oral GTT and glycosuria, Biochemistry of diabetes mellitus.10. Protein Metabolism: Biochemical aspects of digestion and
absorption of proteins. Fate of amino acid in the body
(Deamination, Transmination, Transdeamination,Decarboxylation),
Fates of ammonia (Urea cycle, glutamine formation), Metabolism
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
of aromatic and sulphur containing amino acids and their inbornerrors. Metabolism of Glycine.
11. Lipid Metabolism: Biochemical aspects of digestion and absorption of Lipids. Beta
oxidation, biosynthesis of saturated fatty acids only, cholesterol biosynthesis,
transport (role of HDL & LDL) Excretion, Ketogenesis, Ketolysis and Ketosis.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Adipose tissue metabolism, Lipolysis and re-esterification, fatty liver andatherosclerosis.
12. Chemistry and Metabolism of purines:, nucleosides, nucleotides. Biologically
important free nucleotides, Biosynthesis of purines(sources of ring & regulatory
steps only, conversion of IMP to GMP & AMP) and salvage pathway, Biosynthesis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
of pyrimidines, Breakdown of purines and pyrimidines, Gout, Lesch- Nyhan
Syndrome
13. Metabolic interrelationship of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins metabolism.
14. Hormones : General characteristics and Mechanism of hormone action. cAMP the
second messenger, phosphotidyl inositol /calcium system as second messenger.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
15. Chemistry of nucleic acids: structure and function of DNA and RNA, Genetic code,DNA Replication, Transcription, Translation, chain initiation, chain elongation ,
chain termination, Inhibitors of protein biosynthesis.
16. Molecular Mechanism of gene expression and regulation 1) Lac-
operon model, Mutations.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
17. Mineral Metabolism : Study of (i) Calcium and phosphorous (ii)sodium, potassium & chloride; (iii) magnesium, copper & iodine;
(iv) Iron, (v) manganese, selenium, zinc & fluoride. Their importance
in body in brief.
18 Water and electrolyte balance and imbalance.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
19. Acid base balance and imbalance.20 Haemoglobin Metabolism : Synthesis and break down of
haemoglobin, porphyria (in brief), Fate of bilirubin, different types
of Jaundice.
21 Function tests: (i) Liver function tests, (ii) Kidney function tests &
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(iii) Thyroid function tests.22 Detoxication mechanisms: (Bio- transformation) oxidation,
reduction, conjugation, hydrolysis.
Desirable to know :
1. Introduction of Biochemistry as a basic science for the study of medicine,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
It's importance in clinical practice.2. Molecular and functional organization of a cell and its subcellular
components.
3. Genetic engineering : Recombinant DNA , Restriction endonuclease,
Chimeric molecule, and Gene library. Applications of recombinant DNA
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
technology in relation to medicine.4. Molecular concept of body defence and their applications:
i) Immunoglobulins- structure & functions, ii) Free radicals, enzymatic
and non-enzymatic antioxidants .
5. Radioisotopes : Uses of radioisotopes (therapeutic, diagnostic) and
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
hazards.6. Metabolic changes during starvation.
Nice to know :
1. Environmental Biochemistry: Definition, chemical stress, air & water
pollution.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
2. Biochemistry of cancer : carcinogens, and outline mechanism ofcarcinogenesis.
TOPICS OF THE LECTURES AND APPROXIMATE NUMBER OF
LECTURES, HUMAN BIOCHEMISTRY - FIRST PHASE- M.B.B.S.
Lectures.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
1. Introduction to Biochemistry, Cell structure and function.1
2. Chemistry of Carbohydrates.
4
3. Chemistry of Proteins.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
44. Chemistry of Lipids.
4
5. Chemistry of Nucleo proteins.
2
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
6. Enzymes.6
7. Biological oxidation.
2
8. Chemistry and functions of Haemoglobin; abnormal haemoglobin.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
29. Carbohydrate Metabolism.
6
10. Protein Metabolism.
6
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
11. Lipid Metabolism.6
12. Integration of metabolism and metabolic changes during starvation.
2
13. Mechanism of hormones action.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
114. Vitamins (Fat & Water soluble)
6
15. Nutrition.
2
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
16. Purines and Pyrimidine metabolism.2
17. Chemistry and functions of Nucleic acids.;
5
Protein biosynthesis, Gene expression,mutations.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
18. Genetic engineering and it applications.2
19. Biochemistry of cancer.
1
20. Radioisotopes.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
121. Haemoglobin metabolism, liver function tests,Detoxification mechanisms.
3
22. Kidney function tests,Thyroid function tests
2
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
23. Mineral Metabolism.4
24. Water and Electrolyte Balance.
2
25. Acid base balance,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
226. Environmental Biochemistry.
1
27. Molecular concept of body defence.
2
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---