I MBBS Physiology Paper 1
Date: 24-11-2023
1123E352
Time: 3 hours
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Max Marks: 100Instructions: 1. Answer to the points. 2.
Use separate answer books for each
section. 3. Draw diagrams wherever
necessary.
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Section 11. Write the following structured long
question (any 1 out of 2) (10)
a. Define blodd pressure. What are its
normal values and regulatory
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mechanisms? Explain with diagramshort term regulation of blood pressure.
b. Enumerate different types odf circulatory
shocks. Give the condition in which
hypovolemic shock developes. What are
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the symptoms, pathophysiologicreasons behind the symptoms and
compensatory mechanisms of
hypovolemic shock?
2. Write the following case - based
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scenario / applied short notes (any 2out of 3) (12)
a. A 43-year-old female frequently
developed multiple bruises and
petechiae on her body. She also
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complained on menorrhagia. She oncenoticed that when she hurt her finger
while cutting vegetables, the bleeding
took much longer time to stop. Her
blood picture showed: RBC: 4.5
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millions/emm, WBC: 7000/cmm,Platelets: 30000/cemm. Based on the
scenario, answer the following
questions: a) What is the probable
diagnosis? (1) b) Why did she have the
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mentioned symptoms? (2) c) Whatother tests should be done to confirm
the diagnosis?(3)
b. A 65-year-old diabetic female developed
facial oedema, pallor, lethargy, oliguria
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over a period of few months. Herinvestigations revealed serum creatinine
7mg%, blood urea: 107 mg, RBC 3.6
million/cmm, Hemoglobin 8gm%Urine
showed presence of protein in it. Tje
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doctor performed some more tests andsuggested hemodialysis. Base on the
information, answer the following:
a)What is the probable diagnosis?(1),
b)What is the physiollogical basis of
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oedema & pallor (3), c) What will thestatus of her calcium level and why? (2).
c. What are the different types of jaundice.
What is the pathophysiology of each of
them? (2+4)
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3. Write short notes (any 3 out of 4) (18)a. Secondary active transport
b. Nutritional anemias
c. Positive feedback mechanism
d. Plasma proteins
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4. Answer in only 2-3 sentence (any 5 outof 6) (10)
a. Why SA node is considered to be the
pacemaker of heart
b. Significance of biconcave shape of RBC
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c. Example of second messenger systemd. ECG changes in myocardial infarction
e. Classification of leucocytes
f. Basis of resting membrane potential
Section 2
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1. Write the following structured longquestion (any 1 out of 2) (10)
a. A person X takes deep breaths at slow
respiratory rate. (Tidal Volume650ml &
Respiratory rate10/min). Another person
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Y takes shallow breaths at highrespiratory rate (TV: 300ml & RR
20/min). Considering their dead space
air as 160 ml, calculate their pulmonary
ventilation and alveolar ventilation.
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Who, do you think is having betteralveolar ventilation and why? Add a note
on Cheyne Stoke respiration (2+2+4+2)
b. What are the different volumes and
capacities of lung? What is FVC and
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FEV1. What is the significance ofFEV1? Name the methods used to
measure Residual Volume. (3+2+4+1)
2. Write short notes (any 2 out of 3) (12)
a. Ventilation- Perfusion Ratio
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b. Transport of CO2 in bloodc. Renin-angiotensin aldesterone
mechanism.
3. Write short notes (any 3 out of 4) (18)
a. Countercurrent mechanism for
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concentration of urine.b. Diuretics acting on the different parts of
the nephron
c. Breaking bad news to the patient's
relative
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d. Renal compensation in metabolicacidosis
4. Answer in only 2-3 sentence (any 5 out
of 6) (10)
a. Which plasma protein is first to appear
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in urine in renal disease and why?b. Why hemstocrit of venous blood is
higher than the arterial blood?
c. Why do we feel hotter on humid days?
d. Why oxygen hemoglobin dissociation
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curve is sigmoid in shape?e. What is oxygen debt?
f. Why divers breathe gase at high
pressure?