B.Tech II Year I Semester Examinations, December - 2018

FLUID MECHANICS

(Common to ME, CE)

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75

Note: This question paper contains two parts A and B.

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Part A is compulsory which carries 25 marks. Answer all questions in Part A.

Part B consists of 5 Units. Answer any one full question from each unit. Each question carries 10 marks.

PART - A (25 Marks)

1. a) Define capillarity and surface tension. [2M]

2. b) Differentiate between compressible and incompressible fluids. [3M]

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3. c) Define stream function and velocity potential. [2M]

4. d) What are the different types of fluid flows? [3M]

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5. e) Differentiate between orifice and mouthpiece. [2M]

6. f) Define Hydraulic Grade Line and Total Energy Line. [3M]

7. g) Define laminar and turbulent boundary layers. [2M]

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8. h) Define displacement thickness and momentum thickness. [3M]

9. i) What is the equivalent pipe? [2M]

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10. j) Define water hammer and its effects. [3M]

PART - B (50 Marks)

(Answer any one full question from each unit)

UNIT - I

1. 2. a) Explain the different types of pressure measuring devices with neat sketches. [5M]

   b) A U-tube differential manometer connects two pressure pipes A and B. Pipe A contains carbon tetrachloride having a specific gravity of 1.594 under a pressure of 11.772 N/cm² and pipe B contains oil of specific gravity 0.8 under a pressure of 11.772 N/cm². The pipe A lies 2.5 m above pipe B. Find the difference of pressure measured by mercury as the manometric fluid. [5M]

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   OR

2. 3. a) Derive the equation for total pressure and centre of pressure for vertically immersed surface. [5M]

   b) A circular plate 3.0 m diameter is immersed in water in such a way that the greatest and least depth below the free surface are 4 m and 1.5 m respectively. Determine the total pressure on one face of the plate and the location of the centre of pressure. [5M]

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UNIT - II

1. 4. a) Explain the types of fluid flows with neat sketches. [5M]

   b) The velocity components in a two dimensional flow field are given by u = x² - y² and v = -2xy. Show that these components represents a possible case of irrotational flow. [5M]

   OR

2. 5. Derive Euler’s equation of motion and obtain Bernoulli’s equation from Euler’s equation. [10M]

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UNIT - III

1. 6. a) What are the advantages of triangular notch over rectangular notch? [5M]

   b) A horizontal venturimeter with inlet diameter 20 cm and throat diameter 10 cm is used to measure the flow of oil of specific gravity 0.8. The discharge of oil through venturimeter is 60 liters/s. Find the reading of the oil-mercury differential manometer. Take C_d = 0.98. [5M]

   OR

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2. 7. a) Define the terms: coefficient of contraction, coefficient of velocity and coefficient of discharge. [5M]

   b) A tank has two identical orifices on one of its vertical sides. The upper orifice is 4 m above the floor and lower orifice is 2 m above the floor. The two streams of water issuing out from the orifices intersect at a horizontal distance of 3 m from the tank. Calculate the height of water level in the tank above the floor. [5M]

UNIT - IV

1. 8. a) Explain the boundary layer separation and methods to prevent the boundary layer separation. [5M]

   b) Determine the friction drag on a plate 0.15 m thick and 0.45 m wide placed in water flowing with a velocity of 0.15 m/s. Assume boundary layer is turbulent from the leading edge. Take µ = 0.01 poise for water. [5M]

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   OR

2. 9. Derive the expression for displacement thickness, momentum thickness and energy thickness. [10M]

UNIT - V

1. 10. a) Derive Darcy-Weisbach equation for head loss due to friction in pipe. [5M]

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   b) Three pipes of lengths 800 m, 500 m and 400 m and of diameters 50 cm, 40 cm and 30 cm respectively are connected in series. These pipes are to be replaced by a single pipe of length 1700 m. Find the diameter of the single pipe. [5M]

   OR

2. 11. a) Explain the different types of losses in pipes. [5M]

   b) A pipe of diameter 30 cm and length 1000 m connects two reservoirs, having a difference of water levels of 15 m. Determine the discharge through the pipe. If an additional pipe of the same diameter is laid along the last 500 m length of the existing pipe, find the increase in the discharge. Take f = 0.012. [5M]

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