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- Define blood pressure. Explain in detail short term regulation of blood pressure. Add a note on hypertension.
- Describe the classification, connections and functions of cerebellum.
- Discuss in detail the neural regulation of respiration.
- Describe the optic pathway from the photoreceptors to the visual cortex. Add a note on visual field defects produced by lesions at various levels of the pathway.
- Describe the origin, course, termination and functions of pyramidal tract. Write a note on upper motor lesion.
- Enumerate the descending tracts of spinal cord. Describe in detail the pyramidal tracts. Mention its functions and effects of lesion at different levels.
- Define arterial blood pressure. Describe the nervous regulation of arterial blood pressure.
- Name the functional divisions of the cerebellum. Describe the structure, connections, and functions of cerebellum. Mention two signs of cerebellar lesions.
- Define cardiac cycle. Describe in detail with the help of a diagram. The mechanical changes during cardiac cycle. Add a note on heart sounds.
- Enumerate the ascending tracts in the spinal cord. Describe the pathway for pain in detail. Add a note on referred pain.
- Describe the neural regulation of respiration. Add a note on periodic breathing.
- What are the types of muscular exercise? Discuss the various physiological changes occurring during and after exercise.
- Elucidate how pressure vibrations in the air are perceived as sound.
- Discuss the short term and long term regulation of Arterial blood pressure. Add a note on Neurogenic Hypertension.
- With the help of a diagram, describe the auditory pathway. Add a note on conduction deafness.
- Define Cardiac output. Discuss the factors regulating the cardiac output. Add a note on Fick’s principle.
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- Trace the visual pathway and the effects of lesion at various points in the pathway.
- Name the functional Division of Cerebellum. Describe the Structure, connections and functions of cerebellum. Mention any two signs of cerebellar lesion.
- Describe the structure and function of the conducting system of the Heart. List the properties of cardiac muscle.
- Draw an oxygen dissociation curve & describe how oxygen is transported in the blood. Depict the Bohr’s effect.
- Classify pain. What are the receptors for pain? Describe the dual Pathways for pain. What is Analgesic system in the brain?
- Define cardiac cycle. Describe in detail the pressure volume changes that occur during a Cardiac cycle with suitable Diagram.
- Describe the connections and Functions of Hypothalamus.
- Describe the process of transport of carbondioxide from tissues to lungs.
- Describe in detail the photochemical mechanism of vision and mechanism of dark adaptation.
- Define the term Blood pressure. Discuss the determinants and regulation of blood pressure.
- Trace the pathway for perception of pain. Discuss the descending pain modulatory pathways. Discuss the terms ‘Gating of pain’ and ‘Referred pain’.
- Define the terms Cardiac output and Total Peripheral resistance and discuss their determinants.
- What are the neural mechanisms involved in spontaneous breathing? Discuss chemical regulation.of respiration. Distinguish between the two types of respiratory failure.
- Define blood pressure. Discuss in brief the various factors which influences the pressure. Add a note on hypertension.
- Define cardiac cycle. Describe the sequence of events during cardiac cycle in detail with suitable diagrams.
- Define cardiac output. Explain the factors regulating cardiac output. Add a note on ejection fraction.
- Describe in detail the Pyramidal tract. List out the differences between UMN and LMN lesions.
- Explain the chemical regulation of respiration. Add a note on oxygen toxicity.
- What is cardiac cycle? Describe the various events in the cardiac cycle.
- Describe the oxygen transport in blood. Add note on fetal haemoglobin.
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- Auto rhythmicity of heart
- Describe the connections and functions of temporal lobe
- Golgi tendon reflex
- Oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve
- Effects of lesions in optic pathway
- Determinants of Blood pressure
- Functions of Hypothalamus
- Baroreceptor reflex
- Auditory pathway with suitable diagram
- Adjustment in respiratory physiology at high altitudes
- Brown Sequard syndrome
- Oxygen dissociation curve
- Neural regulation of respiration
- Functions and tests of cerebellum
- Describe the bipolar limb leads of ECG What is the significance of (a) PR interval (b) ST segment in an ECG?
- Discuss the changes in ventricular volume during different phases of the cardiac cycle with a diagram
- Discuss any two pulmonary function tests which can detect obstructive lung disease
- Trace the pathway for perception of fine touch
- Operant conditioning
- Clinical features of cerebellar lesions
- Define muscle tone and discuss-the phenomenon responsible for it
- What conditions lead to alterations of tone?
- Endogenous opioid peptides
- Refractory errors of the eye
- Discuss the phenomena by which sound waves in air induce action potentials in the cochlear nerve
- Ionic basis of the pace-maker potential
- Windkessel effect of aorta
- Illustrate with a diagram, the left ventricular volume and pressure changes
- during a cardiac cycle
- Role of myelin sheath in conduction of nerve impulse
- Functions of hypothalamus
- Clinical features of cerebellar lesions
- Physiological roles of muscle spindle
- Chemical regulation of respiration
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- Hamburger’s chloride shift
- Role of surfactant in pulmonary function
- Decompression sickness
- Middle ear functions
- Define cardiac output What are the methods to measure the cardiac output?
- Heart sounds
- Define synapse and describe its properties
- Describe the functions of thalamus
- What are the functions of basal ganglia?
- Describe the physiology of speech
- Decerebrate rigidity
- Functions of prefrontal lobe
- Functional Residual capacity and its significance
- Types of Hypoxia and its cause
- Respiratory membrane
- Neural centres for Regulation of respiration
- Dead space
- Pacemaker potential
- Cardiac Index
- Dark adaptation
- Functions of Basal Ganglia
- Vestibulo cerebellum
- Frank-starling’s law of the heart
- Cardiac pacemaker potential
- Draw a labelled diagram of a normal ECG in lead II Write a brief note on PR interval
- Non progressive shock
- Travelling waves in the ear
- Ventilation-perfusion ratio
- Caisson disease
- Brown Sequard syndrome
- Functions of Ascending reticular activating system
- Role of purkinje cells of cerebellum
- Non respiratory functions of lung
- What is FRC? How will you measure FRC and its clinical Importance?
- Artificial respiration
- Referred pain and its theories
- Special features of coronary circulation
- Colour Vision
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- Taste pathway
- Explain Dark adaptation
- What is Myasthenia Gravis? Explain the biological basis of it’s treatment
- Brown sequared syndrome
- Normal ECG in Lead II
- Regulation of coronary blood flow
- Compliance of lung
- Carbon dioxide transport
- Dysbarism
- Functions of Thalamus
- REM sleep
- Decerebrate rigidity
- Taste pathway
- Theories of hearing
- Theories of Hearing
- Anterior spino thalamic tract
- Postural reflexes
- Aqueous humor
- Taste pathway
- Cerebral circulation
- Color vision
- CO transport
- Chemo receptors
- Endothelins
- Kirchoff’s law and Einthoven’s law
- Excitation contraction coupling in cardiac muscle
- Triple response in skin
- Physiological dead space
- Dysbarism
- Causes of muscle tone
- Function of palaeostriatum
- Climbing, mossy and parallel fibres
- Control of appetite
- Induction of sleep
- Compliance of lungs
- Brown sequard syndrome
- Blood brain barrier
- Surfactant
- Chronaxie and rheobase
- Pupillary light Reflexes
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- Pace maker potentials
- Atrial natriuretic peptide
- Draw the optic pathway Depict the lesions at various levels
- Peculiarities of pulmonary circulation
- Neuro-muscular junction
- Compare rem and nonrem sleep
- Triple response
- Describe formation, circulation and functions of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
- Functions of vestibular apparatus
- Explain ‘Dark Adaptation’
- Organ of corti
- Describe decompression sickness
- Describe chemical control of respiration
- What is myasthenia gravis Describe the biological basis of its treatment
- Surfactant
- Chloride Shift
- Artificial respiration
- Taste Pathway
- Effects of lesion in optic pathway
- Brown sequard syndrome
- Functions of Thalamus
- Pacemaker Potential
- Regulation of coronary circulation
- Neuromuscular transmission
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LR RN AN
- Define sarcomere Mention normal length of sarcomere
- Myasthenia gravis
- Windkissel effect
- Phonocardiogram
- Haldane’s effect
- VO Max
- Babinski sign
- Alpha block
- Functions of Aqueous humor
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- Rinne’s Test
- Explain the basic defect in astigmatism and its correction
- Draw a labelled diagram of arterial pulse and explain
- Draw a labelled diagram of pathways for taste
- Rigor mortis
- Phantom limb
- Oxygen debt
- What is Bohr’s effect? What is its physiologic significance?
- Draw a normal ECG and label it
- Refractory period
- Define Terms: Chronaxie, Rheobase and utilization time
- Wernicke’s aphasia
- Acetyl choline
- Parkinson’s disease: Features
- Rapid — Eye movement sleep
- Anti — G Suit
- Clinical significance of electro encephalo gram
- Chloride shift
- Jugular venous pulse
- Contents of middle ear
- Functions of placenta
- Tracing of arterial pulse
- Reynold’s number
- Pre load and after load in the heart
- Sneezing reflex
- Denervation hypersensitivity
- Reciprocal inhibition
- Consolidation of memory
- Formation of cerebrospinal fluid
- Gustatory receptors
- Dark adaptation
- Broca’s Area
- Spinal Animal
- SCUBA diving
- Cardiac Index
- Bohr’s effect
- Inverse stretch reflex
- Respiratory distress syndrome
- Thalamic syndrome
- Unipolar limb leads
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- Astigmatism
- State Frank Starling’s law of the heart
- List short term regulation of blood pressure
- Intrapleural pressure
- State dead space and its normal value
- Define Histotoxic hypoxia with an example
- What is Bell - Megendie law?
- Four functions of Reticular activating system
- Functions of prefrontal lobe
- What is Endo chochlear potential?
- Delta waves in EEG
- Draw the diagram of alveocapillary membrane and write the thickness of it
- What is SCUBA?
- Who discovered J receptors? What is its Physiological significance?
- What are otolith organs?
- What is alpha block?
- Define Frank-Starling law
- What is Monroe Kellie Doctrine law?
- What is Stereognosis? Where is its centre?
- What are the functions of frontal lobe?
- What are the mechanoreceptor? Give example
- What is summation? Mention its types
- What are Cholinergic & Adrenergic receptors?
- Draw the structure of rods & Cones
- What is the difference between the Spasticity and Rigidity
- Define histotoxic hypoxia
- Astigmatism
- Ocular dominance columns
- Dicrotic notch
- Cardiac reserve
- Reynold’s number
- J point
- Extrasystole
- Bell-magendie law
- Cog-wheel rigidity
- Betz cells
- Homunculus
- Anomic aphasia
- Timed vital capacity
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- Pneumotaxic centre
- Asphyxia
- Muscles of inspiration
- P
- End diastolic volume
- Attenuation Reflex
- Perimetry
- Summation
- Referred pain
- Types of memory
- Thalamic syndrome
- Kluver Bucy syndrome
- What is P?
- What are the types of hypoxia?
- Mention common refractory errors of the eye
- SA node as pacemaker
- PR interval
- Reflex arc
- Functions of cerebrospinal fluid
- What is righting reflex?
- Name the nuclei responsible for hunger and satiety in human being
- What is referred pain?
- List the calcium transporters on the sarcoplasmic reticular membrane in the ventricular Muscle
- State Starling’s law of the heart
- What is the effect of ; diphosphoglycerate on the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve? Does it help in loading or unloading of oxygen?
- What are the types of hypoxia?
- Region of the cochlea which vibrates most for the highest sound frequency in the audible range
- Visual field defect when the optic chiasma is cut in the centre
- State the refractive error in astigmatism How is it corrected?
- What is ‘Blind spot’?
- Receptors for vestibular sensation
- Name of tracts made up by second order neurons in the pathway for (a) fine touch (b) pain
- List the types of shock
- Define Preload and state its effect on cardiac function
- Baroreceptor reflex
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- What is myocardial infarction? State one ECG change in this condition
- Role of myelin sheath in conduction of nerve impulse
- Conditions where Plantar response is ‘extensor’
- Finding in Weber’s test in conduction deafness of the left side
- Muscle actions responsible for (a) normal expiration (b) forced expiration
- Oxygen carrying capacity of blood
- Hypoxic vasoconstriction — where does it occur and what are its complications?
- Heart sounds
- Waves of ECG in Lead I1
- Different types of hypoxia
- Aphasia
- Stages of sleep
- Optic pathway
- Functions of ascending reticular activating system
- Components of vestibular apparatus
- Features of Parkinson's disease
- Functions of middle ear
- Dead space
- Hering Breuer reflex
- Korotkoff sounds
- Draw a diagram of the pathway of crude touch and label it
- Functions of CSF
- Fluent aphasia
- Receptor potential
- Motor homunculus
- Attenuation reflex
- Taste pathway
- Accommodation reflex
- Conducting system of the heart
- Artificial respiration
- Conditioned reflexes
- Surfactant
- Central analgesic system
- VO Max
- Functions of CSF
- Decompression sickness
- Babinski’s sign and its clinical significance
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- Dark adaptation
- Periodic breathing
- Pacemaker potential
- Cardiac reserve
- Referred pain theories
- Features of Shock
- Peak expiratory flow rate
- Oxygen debt
- Mass Reflex
- Impedance matching
- Phasic changes in coronary blood flow
- AV nodal delay
- Properties of reflex
- Splanchnic circulation
- Functions of middle ear
- Nitrogen narcosis
- Effects of positive ‘g’
- Papez circuit
- Heart sounds
- Differentiate REM and NREM sleep
- Putamen circuit of basal ganglia
- Caisson disease
- Hering - Breuer inflation reflex
- Einthoven’s law
- Endo cochlear potential
- Describe the normal waves in electro encephalogram (EEG)
- Presbyopia
- Bainbridge reflex
- Transpulmonary pressure
- Wernicke’s and global aphasia
- Taste receptors
- Functions of utricle and saccule
- Sleep-Wake theory
- Mechanism of accommodation
- P-R interval
- Trichromatic theory of color vision
- Mean arterial pressure
- Reward and punishment centers
- Changes in cardiac output during exercise
- Surfactant
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