Download MBBS 2nd Year Pharmacology Paper I Important Questions

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MBBS Second Year Pharmacology Paper-I Important Question Bank

Essay Questions:

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1. Classify anti-hypertensive drugs. Discuss in detail about the management of hypertensive emergency and urgency. Which anti-hypertensives are to be avoided in pregnancy and Why?
2. a) Define Biotransformation reaction. b) Explain phase I and phase II reaction with suitable examples. c) Importance of Enzyme induction and enzyme inhibition.
3. a) Classify Anticonvulsant drugs. b) Mechanism of action and pharmacological action of Benzodiazipines. c) Therapeutic uses and adverse effects of Benzodiazipines.
4. i) Define drug and dose. ii) Factors modifying drug action.
5. i) Classify antiepileptic drugs with examples for each group. ii) Describe mechanism of action, adverse effects and therapeutic indications of Diphenyl hydantoin. iii) Role of Topiramate in epileptic patients.

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6. (i) Classify antihypertensive drugs. (ii) Discuss the mechanism of action & therapeutic uses of Angiotensin receptor blockers. (iii) Outline briefly about hypertensive emergencies and urgencies.
7. (i) Classify adrenergic drugs. (ii) Discuss the therapeutic uses of adrenergic drugs. (iii) Outline the adverse effects and contraindications of Adrenaline.
8. (i) Classify anticholinersterases (ii) Discuss the mechanism of action and indications of reversible anti-cholisterases (iii) Outline the management of acute organophosphorous poisoning.
9. (i) Enumerate the various sedative and hypnotic drugs. (ii) Discuss the mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of benzodiazepines. (iii) Briefly discuss the management of acute barbiturate poisoning.
10. a) Classify antiepileptic drugs. b) Discuss in detail about the mechanism of action, kinetics, adverse effects and uses of phenytoin. c) How will you manage a known epileptic with three months of enorrhoea.

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11. a) Classify ß blockers. b) Discuss the pharmacological actions, kinetics, adverse effects and Usesof propronalol. c) Mention the role of beta blockers in thyrotoxicosis.
12. Discuss the role of sympathomimetics in the management of Bronchial asthma.
13. a. Classify the drugs used as peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants. b. Discuss in detail the pharmacological actions and toxicity produced by d-Tubocurarine. c. Add a note on the rationale of using Dantrolene sodium in the management of Malignant Hyperthermia.
14. a. Classify antiparkinsonian drugs. b. Write about on Dopaminergic agonists.
15. a. Classify adrenergic drugs based on therapeutic uses. b. Discuss about the pharmacological action adverse effects and uses of adrenaline.

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16. Discuss the drug therapy of Anticholinesterase poisoning.
17. a) Classify the drugs used for the treatment of Parkinsonism. b) Discuss the Pharmacological actions, Adverse effects & Interactions of Levodopa.
18. a) Classify antianginal drugs. b) Discuss the mechanism of action and therapeutic uses of Glyceryl trinitrate.
19. a) Classify Diuretics b) Discuss the mechanism of action, therapeutic uses and complications of Frusemide.
20. Enumerate antiepileptic drugs. Discuss the pharmacology of drugs acting on GABA receptors.

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21. Define Biotransformation. Describe briefly the various biotransformation reactions.
22. Classify Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs. Write the mechanism of action, pharmacological actions, therapeutic uses and adverse effects of Salicylates.
23. Discuss various factors modifying a drug's actions. Write briefly about Pharmacogenetics.
24. Classify Sedative - Hypnotics. Discuss the mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of Benzodiazepines. Write briefly on Flumazenil.
25. Classify beta blockers. Mention the advantages of selective over non selective beta blockers. Discuss the adverse effects of beta blockers.

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26. Classify antianginal drugs. Discuss the mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of nitrates.
27. Classify drugs used in the treatment of parkinsonism. Explain the mechanism of action and adverse effects of levodopa. What is the rationale for use of carbidopa with levodopa? Write briefly on selegiline.
28. Classify anti-epileptic drugs. Discuss the mechanism of action, adverse effects and therapeutic uses of phenytoin. Briefly discuss the drug therapy of status epilepticus.
29. Classify anti-arrhythmic drugs. Write in detail about mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses and adverse effects of amiodarone.
30. Classify anti-hypertensive drugs. Discuss the adverse effects and therapeutic uses of beta blockers. Discuss the drug therapy of hypertensive emergency.

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31. A 45 year old male patient is brought to the emergency with c/o seizure episode associated with loss of consciousness. He is a known epileptic for past 2 years with history of recurrent tonic clonic seizures. a. Enumerate the drugs used in treatment of Epilepsy. b. Discuss in detail the pharmacology of Valproic acid. c. Write briefly on the management of Status Epilepticus

Short Answer Questions:

1. Local routes
2. Treatment of Glaucoma
3. Balance anaesthesia

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4. Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors
5. Osmotic diuretics
6. Caverdilol
7. Mechanism of action and uses of antiplatelet drugs
8. Atarvostatin

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9. Iron preparations and uses
10. Pre-anesthetic medication
11. Pro drug
12. Rationale for use of dopamine in cardiogenic shock
13. Therapeutic range

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14. Controlled release drugs
15. Postural hypotension
16. Zero order kinetics
17. Mast cells modulators
18. Mucolytic drugs

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19. Dissociative anesthesia
20. COX-Inhibitors
21. Mention four drugs bound to plasma albumin
22. What is Rupatadine? Mention one indication for it
23. Mention two Leukotriene antagonists used in bronchial asthma

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24. What is fomepizole? Mention one indication for it
25. Mention any four preanaesthetic medicants
26. Mention four angiotensin receptor blockers
27. Drugs used in anaphylactic shock
28. Mention two non benzodiazepine hypnotics

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29. Mention two selective dopamine agonists used in Parkinson's disease
30. Give two examples for physiological functional antagonism
31. Classification and therapeutic uses of a (Alpha) - blockers
32. Pharmacotherapy of migraine
33. Thiazide diuretics - Mechanism of action, adverse effects and uses

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34. Drug therapy of chronic gout
35. Heparin - mechanism of action, adverse effects and indications
36. Therapeutic uses of prostaglandins
37. Treatment of organophosphorus poisoning
38. Drugs to be avoided in elderly and their safer alternatives

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39. Treatment of Myocardial infarction
40. Enumerate statins Write about mechanism of action and indications of statins
41. Newer drug delivery system
42. Therapeutic uses of atropine and its substitutes
43. Therapeutic uses of H antihistaminics

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44. Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants
45. Complications of spinal anaesthesia
46. Phenytoin sodium
47. Amiodarone
48. Flurosemide

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49. Heparin
50. Mast cell stabilizers
51. Mention four drugs delivered by transdermal patches
52. Define Plasma half life Mention two drugs with long Plasma half life
53. Mention four methods of prolongation of drug action

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54. What is competitive antagonism?
55. Define Teratogenicity Mention four Teratogenic drugs
56. Mention four drugs used in the treatment of Glaucoma
57. Mention four therapeutic uses of Prostaglandins
58. Mention four contraindications for Aspirin

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59. Give four examples for DMARDs
60. Mention four examples for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
61. Mechanism of action of Disulfiram
62. What is potentiation of drug action? Mention two examples?
63. What is Eutetic mixture? Mention its indications

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64. Mention two uses, two advantages and two disadvantages of thiopentone sodium
65. What is first order kinetics?
66. What is fixed dose combination? Give two examples
67. Mention two selective Cox- inhibitors What are the advantages?
68. What are antitussives? Give two examples

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69. Mention thiazide diuretics Mention two uses of thiazides
70. What is the mechanism of action and uses of Montelukast?
71. Mydriatics
72. Drugs used in prophylaxis of migraine
73. Receptor antagonism of drugs

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74. Sublingual route of administration
75. Blood-Brain barrier
76. Therapeutic uses of loop diuretics
77. Parenteral iron therapy
78. Epsilon amino-caproic acid

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79. Therapeutic uses of prostaglandin analogues
80. Uricosuric agents
81. Essential drugs
82. Microsomal enzyme inducers
83. Antagonism

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84. Pre anesthetic medication
85. Therapeutic uses of morphine
86. Treatment of Alzheimers disease
87. Glyceryl trinitrate
88. Inhaled steroids

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89. Lignocaine
90. Osmatic diuretics
91. Define pharmacogenomics
92. Orphan drugs
93. Mechanism of action of digoxin

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94. Loading dose
95. First dose effect
96. Name two sialogoges
97. Drugs used in acute gout
98. Mention four Atypical anti psychotics

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99. Mention two uses of Dinoprostone
100. Name two central sympatholytic agents write two uses
101. Citrovorum factor rescue
102. Heparin Antagonist
103. extravascular uses of Clonidine

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104. Physiological Antagonism
105. Dopaminergic agonist in Parkinsonism
106. Uses of Diazepam
107. Contraindications for ß blockers
108. Mechanism of action and uses of Nitrendipine

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109. Consequences of Microsomal inhibition
110. Bupivacaine
111. Drug responses in elderly
112. Uroselective a adrenergic blockers
113. Selective -HT B/D agonist

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114. Mechanism of action and uses of Nimesulide
115. Propofol as an inducing agents
116. Role of Ethyl alcohol in Methyl alcohol poisoning
117. Management of Status Epilepticus
118. Malignant Neuroleptic Syndrome

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119. Contraindications for Digitalis use
120. Mechanism of action and uses of Spironolactone
121. What is cumulation
122. Drug therapy for vertigo
123. Omalizumab

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124. Therapeutic Index
125. Modafinil
126. Amakacin
127. Uses Erthropoietin
128. Name four Angiotensin Receptor blockers

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129. Esmolol
130. Mention four adverse effects of Phenytoin
131. Fixed dose ratio combinations
132. Newer drug delivery system
133. Pentazocine

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134. Potassium channel Openers
135. Therapeutic use of atropine
136. Adverse effect of high ceiling diuretics
137. Mention the various Iron Preparation
138. Seletive serotonin Reuptake inhibitors

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139. Venodilators
140. Metachlopromide
141. Specialized active transport mechanism across biological membrane
142. Beneficial effects of ß blockers in Myocardial infarction
143. Topiramate

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144. Effects of Aspirin on acid base & electrolyte balance
145. Mucokinetic agents
146. Local anaesthetics in the presence of inflammation
147. Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
148. Agents inhibiting Renin-Angiotensin system

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149. Pharmacovigilance
150. Glycoprotein IIb/Illa receptor antagonist
151. merits & demerits of rectal administration of drugs
152. Sibutramine
153. Advantages of topical ß blockers over miotics in Glaucoma

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154. Uses of Cyproheptadine
155. Name Leukotriene receptor antagonists & their indications
156. Thiazides as Antidiuretics
157. Azelastine
158. Adenosine in the management of Paroxysmal Supra Ventricular Tachycardia

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159. What are LMW Heparins & enumerate their advantages over regular Heparin
160. Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRI)
161. Mention four antiasthmatic drugs
162. Enumerate four routes of drug administration
163. Mention four anti psychotic drugs

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164. Define anaphylaxis with a suitable example
165. Mention four contraindication for morphine
166. Mention four drugs for Gout
167. Give two examples of drugs administered by Transdermal route
168. Enumerate the methods for prolongation of drug action

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169. Explain physiological antagonism with one example
170. Treatment of drug allergy
171. Drug therapy in myocardial infarction
172. Complications of General anaesthesia
173. Therapeutic uses of prostaglandins

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174. Sodium valproate
175. Aectazolamide
176. Pre anaesthetic medication
177. Management of status asthmaticus
178. Therapeutic uses of cholinergic drugs

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179. Osmotic diuretics
180. Therapeutic uses of atropine and its substitutes
181. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
182. Opioid receptors
183. Ipratropium bromide

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184. Ocular hypotensives
185. Sumatriptan
186. Treatment of acute gout
187. Class antiarrhythmics
188. Losartan

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189. Bromocriptine
190. COX-inhibitors
191. Drug potency vs efficacy
192. What is iatrogenic disease Give EXAMINATIONples
193. Eutectic mixture

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194. Cholinergic crisis
195. Ebastine
196. Treatment of acute paracetamol poisoning
197. Ondansetron
198. What are the antihypertensives to be avoided in pregnancy Give reasons

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199. Contraindications of heparin
200. Uses of acetazolamide
201. Cholinesterase reactivators in organophosphorus poisoning
202. Heparin versus warfarin
203. Role of glucocorticoids in bronchial asthma

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204. Drug therapy for chronic gout
205. Mechanism of action of d-tubocurarine
206. Drug therapy of Parkinsonism
207. Mechanism of action and uses of antiplatelet drugs
208. Pharmacotherapy of migraine

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209. Mechanism of action of Phenytoin
210. Atypical antipsychotics
211. Salbutamol
212. Dicyclomine
213. Spironolactone

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214. Nimesulide
215. Name four antiarrythmics
216. Name four peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants
217. Ketorolac
218. Four adverse effects of furosemide

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219. Mention four uses of aspirin
220. Mention four uses of furosemide
221. Succinylcholine apnoease
222. Types of synergism
223. Uses of mast cell stabilizers

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224. Pharmacovigilance
225. Bromhexine
226. Nasal decongestants
227. Sodium nitroprusside
228. Therapeutic uses of alpha blockers

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229. Mechanism of action of disulfiram
230. Mechanism of action and therapeutic uses of digoxin
231. Enumerate statins Write about mechanism of action and indications for statins
232. Potassium sparing diuretics
233. First pass metabolism with suitable example

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234. Mechanism of action of tramadol
235. Methanol poisoning
236. Treatment of Glaucoma
237. Write four therapeutic uses of prostaglandins
238. Give two reasons for using morphine in left ventricular failure

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239. Define plasma half life Give two examples of drugs with short half life
240. Write two indications and two adverse effects of thiazides
241. What is phase IV clinical trial?
242. Mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of sodium valproate
243. Management of organophosphorus poisoning

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244. Mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of ketorolac
245. Enumerate and discuss the role of inhaled steroids in bronchial asthma
246. Pharmacogenetics
247. Thiazide diuretics
248. Adrenaline

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249. Inhalational corticosteroids
250. Mention four antitussive drugs
251. Name four anti-platelet drugs
252. Mention four drugs used in migraine prophylaxis
253. Serotonin syndrome

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254. Tachyphylaxis
255. Name two merits and two demerits of rectal route of administration of drugs
256. Rationale for using timolol in the treatment of glaucoma
257. What is dissociative anaesthesia?
258. Name two selective COX- inhibitors List two advantages in using selective COX- inhibitors

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259. List the two uses of sodium cromoglycate
260. Pre-anaesthetic medication
261. Therapeutic uses of adrenergic drugs
262. Mechanism of action and therapeutic uses of amlodipine
263. Glycoprotein IIb/Illa receptor antagonist

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264. Mechanism of action and therapeutic uses of spironolactone
265. Pharmacovigilance
266. Plasma half life
267. Alpha blockers
268. Mast cell stabilizers

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269. Spironolactone
270. Tramadol
271. Inhalational steroids in bronchial asthma
272. Orphan drugs
273. Name any two drugs used for glaucoma

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274. Mention the mechanism of action and two uses of allopurinol
275. Mention any four uses of loop diuretics
276. Write any four antitussives
277. Write any one use and one adverse effect of abciximab
278. Teratogenicity

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279. Treatment of organophosphorous compound poisoning
280. Drug therapy for moderate migraine
281. Potassium channel openers
282. Dopaminergic agonist in parkinsonism
283. Ketamine

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284. Phase-III clinical trial
285. State any one use and one adverse effect of labetalol
286. Write any two uses and two adverse effects of aspirin
287. Mention any four mucolytics
288. Name any two drugs used for conscious sedation

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289. Write any one use and one adverse effect of ranolazine
290. What is zero order pharmacokinetics?
291. Name two second generation anti-histamines and their therapeutic uses
292. Name two therapeutic uses of cardiac glycosides
293. List two advantages in using nitrous oxide for general anaesthesia

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294. Rationale of combining L-Dopa and Carbidopa in the treatment of Parkinsonism
295. Parenteral route of drug administration
296. Pharmacotherapy of status asthmaticus
297. Parenteral iron therapy
298. Discuss the advantages and therapeutic uses of low molecular weight heparin

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299. Therapeutic uses and side effects of furosemide
300. Mention the mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of NSAIDs
301. Give examples of physical Antagonism
302. Write the mechanism of action and major uses of Frusemide
303. Enlist the advantages of Low Molecular Weight Heparin over conventional Heparin

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304. Enumerate Opioid Antagonists and their clinical uses
305. Mention any Potassium channel openers and uses of these drugs
306. Neprilysin Inhibitors
307. Intracellular receptors
308. Pressor agents

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309. Mechanism of action, adverse effects and uses of Digoxin
310. Role of Biologics in Rheumatoid Arthritis
311. Inhalational Steroids
312. Depolarising Neuromuscular blockers
313. Mention adverse effects of theophylline

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314. List four differences between buspirone and benzodiazepines
315. Mention four common drug interactions in an alcoholic individual
316. Adenosine
317. Define bioavailability Why is it less when the drug is given orally?
318. Discuss the mechanism of action, uses and techniques of local anaesthetics

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319. Compare and contrast conventional and atypical antipsychotics
320. Discuss the role of vasodilators in acute heart failure
321. Discuss the mechanism of action, uses and adverse effects of spironolactone