UNIVERSITY OF JAFFNA, SRI LANKA
SECOND EXAMINATION FOR MEDICAL DEGREES PART II (1st)
August 2012
PHARMACOLOGY - Paper II
Date: 30.08.2012
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ANSWER ALL THE FOUR QUESTIONS.
Answer each Question in separate answer book.
Time: 02 hours
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- Explain the pharmacokinetic basis for taking ascorbic acid with oral iron tablets. (20 marks)
- adding adrenaline to local anaesthetic agents. (20 marks)
- not monitoring activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) when low molecular weight heparins are used. (30 marks)
- the use of large doses of furosemide in advanced renal failure. (30 marks)
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- Explain the pharmacological basis of using triple therapy in the management of peptic ulcer disease. (40 marks)
- List 5 important advice that should be given to a mother when oral rehydration salt (ORS) is prescribed for her 2 year old child with acute gastroenteritis. (20 marks)
- Explain briefly the mechanism of action of lactulose in the management of hepatic encephalopathy. (20 marks)
- Antidiarrhoeal agents are not recommended in the management of acute gastroenteritis in children. Explain. (20 marks)
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- Name the first line drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. (10 marks)
- Mention the adverse effects of the drug mentioned in 3.1. (30 marks)
- What precautions you would take to minimize the adverse effects mentioned in 3.2? (30 marks)
- Briefly describe the circumstances where corticosteroids are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. (30 marks)
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Mr. Aravinthan, a 35 year old man with valvular heart disease was admitted to the emergency unit with the complaint of difficulty in breathing, palpitation and leg swelling. Examination findings include BP 100/60, irregularly irregular pulse, fine basal crepitations in lungs and tenderness of liver. ECG showed atrial fibrillation. The diagnosis of acute on chronic heart failure due to mural stenosis was made.
- List the drugs that you would use in the immediate treatment of this patient. (20 marks)
- Explain the pharmacological basis for using the drugs mentioned in 4.1. for this patient. (30 marks)
- Write a model prescription on discharge for this patient. (30 marks)
- Write the advice to be given to this patient on discharge? (20 marks)
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