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UNIVERSITY OF JAFFNA, SRI LANKA
SECOND EXAMINATION FOR MEDICAL DEGREES (2nd)—FEBRUARY 2019
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Date: 06.02.2019.
PATHOLOGY Paper II
Time: 03 hours
ANSWER ALL THE TEN QUESTIONS
Answer each QUESTION in separate answer book
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- What is infarction? (10 Marks)
- List the different types of infarction (20 Marks)
- Describe briefly the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (20 Marks)
- Describe the microscopic features seen in acute myocardial infarction (50 Marks)
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- What are premalignant lesions? (10 Marks)
- List five premalignant lesions in the gastrointestinal tract including two conditions from the oral cavity. (25 Marks)
- Describe briefly the histopathological features that can be seen in any two of the conditions you mentioned in 2.2 (40 Marks)
- Name a malignancy that may follow in any one of the conditions you mentioned in 2. (5 Marks)
- Briefly describe the microscopic features of the malignancy you mentioned in 2.4
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A 45 year woman was found to have mass in the right iliac fosses
- List three causes for the mass in this patient. (20 Marks)
- Name two (02) investigations that can be performed to arrive at a diagnosis. (15 Marks)
- Briefly describe the macroscopic and microscopic features of any one cause you mentioned in 3.1 (10 Marks)
- Discuss the pathogenesis of the complication that may follow the condition you described in 3.3 (40 Marks)
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- Describe the microscopic features of the following tumours:
- Adenocarcinoma of the prostate (25 Marks)
- Clear cell type of renal cell carcinoma (25 Marks)
- Papillary urothelial carcinoma of bladder (25 Marks)
- Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (25 Marks)
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- Describe the microscopic features of the following tumours:
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A 70year old woman presented to the gynaecological clinic with per vaginal bleeding for 2 weeks. Examination revealed a normal cervix and vagina,
- Mention two possible causes for the above symptoms (20 Marks)
- Mention the procedure to be performed to obtain a diagnosis (10 Marks)
- Briefly describe the macroscopic and microscopic features of any one condition you mentioned in 5.1 (50 Marks)
- Name two (02) other anatomical sites which has the risk of developing primary malignancy in this patient. (20 Marks)
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Normal haemostasis depends on many factors
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- Draw the coagulation cascade (30 Marks)
- Briefly outline the changes in haemostasis you would expect in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (15 Marks)
- List four (04) tests useful to confirm DIC and mention the expected findings (40 Marks)
- List five (05) different causes for DIC (15 Marks)
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A patient was referred to Teaching Hospital Jaffna with a clinical suspicion of haemolytic anaemia
- Define haemolytic anaemia (10 Marks)
- List four (04) laboratory tests (except full blood count) which will be useful to diagnose haemolytic anaemia and giving expected findings in haemolytic anaemia (24 Marks)
- Outline briefly pathological basis for the two different test findings you mentioned in 7.2 above (36 Marks)
- State briefly how you would differentiate intravascular from extravascular haemolysis (30 Marks)
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A 60 year female admitted to the emergency unit with the history of confusion. She is a known patient with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) of 20 years duration. Her random plasma glucose level on admission was 20.8 rru noliL.
- Briefly describe the biochemical abnormalities that you would expect in this patient. (30 Marks)
- Briefly describe the pathological changes that you would expect in
- Kidney (25 Marks)
- Eye (15 Marks)
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- List three (03) investigations that you would do during the follow-up of the patient and give the reasons for each of them. (30 Marks)
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A 50 year male presented with right sided pleural effusion.
- List five (05) possible causes for the pleural effusion. (20Marks)
- Describe the pathological features (macroscopic and microscopic) of one of the causes you mentioned in 9.1 (40 Marks)
- List the possible investigations that you would carry out on pleural aspirate and mention the possible changes you would expect in each causes you mentioned in 9.1 (40 Marks)
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Mention two(02) aetiologies; risk factors, two(02) complications and the pathological changes (macroscopic and microscopic) that may occur in the following conditions
- A 6 year boy presented with gradual onset of generalized oedema. His urine output was normal. Urine examination positive for albumin (50 Marks)
- A 60 year male presented with progressive focal neurological deficit and a brain abscess was diagnosed (50 Marks)
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