UNIVERSITY OF JAFFNA, SRI LANKA
FIRST EXAMINATION (2nd) FOR MEDICAL DEGREES
June 2021
Physiology Paper II
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Date: 16.06.2021.
Time allowed: 3 hours
Answer all the ten questions.
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1.1 A 40 year old female patient was admitted to the hospital with a history of tiredness and palpitation on exertion. On examination, she had pale mucous membrane. Investigations revealed the following:
Hb - 7.5 g/dl
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MCV ā 70 u³
MCH - 24 pg
MCHC - 24%
- 1.1.1 Identify the condition giving reasons. (30 Marks)
- 1.1.2 List 2 possible causes for the above mentioned (1.1) condition (20 Marks)
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1.2. Briefly explain the physiological basis of the following
- 1.2.1 Anaphylactic reactions can occur after exposure to an antigen. (25 Marks)
- 1.2.2 The response of the body to an antigen is faster when the same antigen enters the body second time than the first time. (25 Marks)
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2.1. Describe quiet breathing (inspiration and expiration) (50 Marks)
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2.2 A 20 Year old male was asked to voluntarily hyperventilate for 3 minutes.
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- 2.2.1 Mention the change in his respiration observed at the end of voluntary hyperventilation. (10 Marks)
- 2.2.2 Briefly explain basis for the change observed in 2.2.1 (40 Marks)
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- 3.1 Describe the events and the pressure changes in the left ventricle during a normal cardiac cycle (40 Marks)
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3.2 Briefly explain the change in heart rate :
- 3.2.1. At the onset (beginning) of exercise (25 Marks)
- 3.2.2 After severe hemorrhage. (35 Marks)
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4. Briefly explain the physiological advantages of the following.
- 4.1 Plateau phase in the action potential of cardiac muscle (40 Marks)
- 4.2 SA node being the pacemaker of the heart (30 Marks)
- 4.3 Presence of haemoglobin F in the fetus (30 Marks)
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5. Briefly explain the effect of following hormones on blood glucose level.
- 5.1 Insulin (25 Marks)
- 5.2 Thyroxine (25 Marks)
- 5.3 Cortisol (25 Marks)
- 5.4 Growth hormone (25 Marks)
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- 6.1 Describe withdrawal reflex. (40 Marks)
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6.2 Briefly explain the physiological basis of the following:
- 6.2.1 Pain around umbilicus during appendicitis (30 Marks)
- 6.2.2 Drunken gait in patients with lesion in cerebellum (30 Marks)
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7. Briefly explain:
- 7.1 REM sleep (50 Marks)
- 7.2 Detection of frequency of sound (50 Marks)
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- 8.1 Describe the process of deglutition (50 Marks)
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8.2. Briefly explain the basis of the following.
- 8.2.1 Giving omeprazole (proton pump inhibitor) to relive the symptoms of gastritis (25 Marks)
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- 9.1 List the components of counter current mechanism in the kidney and outline its role in concentrating the urine (40 Marks)
- 9.2 Briefly describe the role of ADH in concentrating urine (30 Marks)
- 9.3 Briefly explain the basis of glycosuria when plasma glucose concentration is about250 mg/dl (30 Marks)
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- 10.1. Monitoring of basal body temperature can be used as an indicator of ovulation (30 Marks)
- 10.2. Risk of miscarriage (abortion) is high during the 3rd month of pregnancy (40 Marks)
- 10.3 Males wearing tight underwear are at risk of infertility (30 Marks)
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