Download WBUHS Anatomy Important Questions

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ANATOMY

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SUPEX

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GROUP-A (15 MARKS EACH)

1. Following volleyball practice a player developed dislocation of right shoulder joint.
   1. Which nerve may be commonly injured in this case?
   2. Enumerate the ligaments of the joint.
   3. What are the factors which maintain the stability of the joint?
   4. Describe the abduction movement of the joint.

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   5. What is scapulo-humeral rhythm?
   6. Justify the statement- the shoulder joint has gained mobility at the cost of stability.[2+3+2+4+2+2=15] [Purulia] [2020]
2. What is Brachial plexus? How it is formed? Write few lines on supra clavicular block. What are the signs and symptoms of Horner's syndrome and cause of Horner's syndrome? [2+2+5+5+1] [NRS] [Sagore Dutta] [2020][2019]
3. A factory worker presents with acute pain and swelling in the central part of the palm of his right hand following infection of web space between middle and ring fingers. Briefly describe the fascial spaces of hand. Anatomically explain the cause of the hand swelling in this case. [4+4+4+4] [BSMC] [2020]

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4. Answer the following questions in brief and to the point:
   1. Which type of cartilage forms-
      1. Intervertebral disc
      2. Thyroid cartilage
      3. Meniscus
      4. Glenoidallabrum
      5. Epiglottis

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      6. Costal cartilage
   2. Enumerate the layers of urothelium with a suitable diagram.[11/2+11/2=3]
   3. Answer the followings: [1+1+1=3]
      1. Which digit does not have palmar interossei?
      2. Enumerate the joints of shoulder girdle?

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   D] Why the clavicle is regarded as modified long bone? [3]

   E] Mention the pathway of metastasis of Krukenberg's tumor in breast carcinoma. [3] [MJNMCH] [2019]

5. Describe the ulnar nerve under the following headings:
   1. Origin

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   2. Course
   3. Branches
   4. Innervations(sensation + motor)
   5. Effects of injury at the wrist. [1+4+4+3+3] [MJNMCH][2019]

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6. A 60-yr female presented in OPD with a fixed breast lump. It was diagnosed as a case of cancer of breast. What are the structures forming mammary bed with which the tumor is fixed? Describe the arterial supply and lymphatic drainage of breast. Explain the following in this case- i) retraction of nipple, ii) ovarian metastasis. [3+3+4+2.5+2.5] [SRIMS] [2019]
7. Describe the movements of the shoulder joint and the muscles causing them. Which muscles form the "rotator cuff" of the shoulder joint? What is the nerve supply of the shoulder joint? [8+4+3] [RGMC] [2019]
8. A middle-aged woman presents with a lump (swelling) in her right breast and enlarged nodular swellings in right axilla.
   1. How do you explain these axillary swellings?
   2. How do you classify axillary lymph nodes?
   3. Describe the lymphatic system of the breast?

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   4. What do you mean by Krukenberg's tumor? (2+5+6+2) [MSDMCH] [2019]
9. What is nerve plexus? Mention about the brachial plexus under the following headings with a suitable labelled diagram - root values, formation & branches. What is Erb's paralysis? Mention the course and distribution of the ulnar nerve in hand with its clinical correlates. (1+2+2+2+1+2+3+2)[RPHGMCH] [2019]

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GROUP-B (10MARKS EACH)

1. Describe the median nerve under the following heading -
   1. Root value
   2. Branches

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   3. Carpal tunnel syndrome
   4. Sensory supply (1+3+3) [MMCH] [2020]
2. A patient after fracture around the medial aspect of the elbow joint is unable to play fine musical instruments and hold a pencil between fingers. Describe the anatomical basis and structure involved. Describe the nerve under question under the following headers:
   1. Origin and root value.
   2. Course and distribution in the hand.

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   3. Types of Claw hand [2+1+1+4+2] [JIMSH] [2019]
3. A35yr female with thyroid disorder presented with pain and numbness in her right wrist joint and hand. She was diagnosed as a case of Carpal Tunnel syndrome. Discuss the following points of the nerve affected- i) formation, ii) course, iii) branches and distribution.(2+4+4)[SRIMS] [2019]
4. Apersondevelopsclawhandfollowinganaccidentalfractureofmedialepicondyleofhumerus.
   1. Which nerve is involved in this fracture?
   2. What is its root value?

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   3. What are the motor and sensory distributions of this nerve in the hand?
   4. What do you mean by claw hand?
   5. Which nerve is popularly known as Workman's nerve and why? (1+1+4+2+2)[MSDMCH] [2019]

GROUP-C (SHORT NOTES) (5 MARKS EACH)

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1. Immediate & delayed effects of supracondylar fracture of humerus. [Purulia] [2020]
2. Abduction of shoulder joint. [Sagore Dutta] [MMCH] [2020] [2019]
3. Boundaries and contents of cubital fossa. [RGMC] [2020]
4. Supination and pronation of the forearm (Definition, movements of the joints, muscles involved) [1+1+1] [MJNMCH] [2019]
5. Mid palmar space (Boundary with communications, clinical importance) [1.5+1.5] [MJNMCH] [2019]

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6. Superficial palmar arch. [MMCH] [2019]
7. Sensory supply of dorsum of hand. [MMCH] [2019]
8. Median nerve root value and branches [MMCH] [2019]
9. Superficial palmar arch. [RGMC] [2019]

GROUP-D (EXPLAINWHY) (4 MARKS EACH)

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1. Ulnar paradox [Purulia] [2020]
2. Avascular necrosis of the distal end at the distal end of terminal phalynx due to injury of digital artery. [MMCH] [2020]
3. Carpal tunnel syndrome. [Sagore Dutta] [2020]
4. Basilic vein is preferred for cardiac catherization. [Sagore Dutta] [2020]
5. Tenderness in anatomical snuff box. [SRIMS] [2020]

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6. Paeu d orange appearance of breast in cancer. [SRIMS][BSMC] [2020]
7. Fracture of shaft of humerous causes wrist drop. [DHGMCH] [2020]
8. Winging of scapula. [DHGMC][COMJNM] [2020]
9. A pricking injury at the tip of the thumb or little finger may lead to painful swelling of the palm. [RGMC] [2020]
10. Infectionofpulpspaceoffingerscausenecrosisofdistal4/5thofterminalphalanxleaving1/5thhealthy. [MJNMCH] [2019]

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11. Supracondylar fracture of humerus leads to contracture deformity of the forearm muscles, fingers and hand. [MJNMCH] [2019]
12. An enlarged central group of axillary lymph nodes may give rise to pain along the medial side of arm. [SRIMS] [2019]
13. Clavicle is a modified long bone. [SRIMS] [2019]
14. Ulnar nerve injury at the wrist may cause "claw hand" [RGMC] [2019]
15. Lacerated injury of supinator muscle may lead to wrist drop. [MSDMCH] [2019]

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16. An elderly lady presenting with axillary nodule should be properly examined [IPGMER]

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INFEX

GROUP-A (15 MARKS EACH)

1. Describe femoral artery under following headings -
   1. Origin
   2. Termination
   3. Branches

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   4. Two clinical importance (2+2+5+6) [MMCH] [2020]
2. Name the type and sub-type for the hip joint. Enumerate the four groups of ligaments associated with this joint. State the chief muscles involved in each type of movement. Mention a vessel and nerve with exact locations in front of the joint / blood supply of the hip joint. [1+4+4+3] [NBMC] [COMJNM] [2020]
3. What are the muscles exposed after cutting gluteus maximus? Name the nerves supplying these muscles with root value? What are the actions of these muscles on hip joint? Blood supply of upper end of femur including head? [3+4+3+5] [GIMSH] [2020]
4. A footballer sustained a sprain followed by difficulties in normal movements of his left knee after he attempted to kick the ball with his right foot. He was diagnosed to have an injury of semilunar cartilage. Explain the anatomical basis of his injury. Write a brief note on the semilunar cartilage of the knee joint. What is the unhappy triad of knee joint? [2+5+2] [DHGMC] [2020]

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5. An adult patient has come with ambulance stretcher with a history of fall and sustained trauma on right hip joint. His leg is externally rotated. On your knowledge of first prof. anatomy write on these points:
   1. Why the leg is externally rotated
   2. Capsular attachment of hip joint
   3. Ligament of joint
   4. Blood supply of upper end of femur including head [3+4+4+4] [NRS] [2020]

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6. A footballer visited OPD with complain with pain in the right knee. It was found his medial meniscus is torn. Give details of the medial and lateral menisci of knee joint. Name the other ligaments of knee joint. Why medial meniscus is more prone to injury than lateral meniscus? Discuss about the mechanism of locking and unlocking movement of knee joint. Define inversion and eversion of the foot. Mention the joints involved and the muscles causing such movements. (3+3+3+2+4)[SRIMS] [2019]
7. What are the compartments (neuro, vasculo muscular) present in the leg region? Enumerate the structures present in the antero-lateral compartment. Write the origins, insertion, nerve supply and actions of muscles present in this compartment.(2+3+10)[RGKAR] [2019]
8. Describe the arches of foot. Describe the highest one under the following headings bones forming it, ligaments, and factors maintaining the arch. What is peripheral heart? Give a brief account of great saphenous vein (formation, course, tributaries, applied). (1+2+2+2+2+1+2+2+1) [RPHGMCH] [IPGMER] [2019]

GROUP-B (10MARKS EACH):

1. Describe femoral triangle
   1. Boundaries

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   2. Contents
   3. Branches of femora artery in the triangle
   4. What is "Butcher's thigh"? [RGKAR][GIMSH] [2020]
2. Describe the femoral nerve under the following headings
   1. Root value

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   2. Branches
   3. Saphenous nerve
   4. Sub-sartorial plexus (2+2+4+2) [MMCH] [2020]
3. What are the boundaries of popliteal fossa? Enumerate the contents of popliteal fossa. Describe the popliteal artery with length. (4+3+3) [MMCH] [2020]

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4. Enumerate the arches of foot. Describe the factors maintaining the medial longitudinal arch. Add a note on pes cavus. [2+6+2] [Purulia][2020]
5. Discuss the following points on Great Saphenous vein - i) formation ii) termination iii) tributaries. How varicose veins are formed? (1.5+1.5+5+2) [Sagore Dutta] [SRIMS] [2020] [2019]
6. Describe the intra-articular ligaments of knee. What is the unhappy triad of knee? [7+3] [JIMSH] [2020]
7. A footballer sustained a sprain followed by difficulties in normal movements of his left knee after he attempted to kick the ball with his right foot. He was diagnosed to have an injury of semilunar cartilage. Explain the anatomical basis of his injury. Write a brief note on the semilunar cartilage of the knee joint. What is the unhappy triad of knee joint? [2+5+2] [DHGMC] [MSDMCH] [2020] [2019]
8. A man of 26 years brought to emergency following road traffic accident with huge swelling in front of left thigh. What may be the possibility? Describe the blood supply of a long bone. Draw a labeled diagram of arterial anastomosis around knee joint. [1+5+4] [BSMC] [2020]

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9. Describe the knee joint under the following headings:- A) Type and subtype of joint c) locking unlocking mechanism B) Unhappy triad d) anterior drawer test and what this test helps to determine [2+4+2+2] [IQ city][2020]
10. State with reasons of locking and unlocking movements of knee joint with diagram.(7+3) [NRS] [2019]
11. What is venous ulcer? Write in short venous drainage of lower limb. (3+7) [NRS] [2019]
12. Enumerate the Hamstring muscles. Mention the characteristic features of true hamstrings. What is modified hamstring muscle? Enumerate all the ligaments of knee joint. (2+4+1+3) [RPHGMCH] [2019]
13. Give an account of capsular ligament of hip joint regarding its attachment around the joint. Enumerate other ligaments of hip joint. Enumerate different muscles responsible for abduction and flexion movement of the joint. What is Trendelenburg's sign? (3+2+2+2+1)[IPGMER] [2019]

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GROUP-C (SHORT NOTES) (5MARKSEACH)

1. What is varicose vein ulcer? What are factors which favor formation of varicose veins in the lower limb?(2+3=5) [Purulia] [2020]
2. Bursae in front of knee joint. [RGKAR] [2020]
3. Write briefly about femoral sheath in the following aspects-
   1. Walls
   2. Compartments

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   3. Contents
   4. Applied aspects [NBMC] [Sagore Dutta] [RPHGMCH] [2020] [2019]
4. Medial longitudinal arch of foot. [NBMC] [2020]
5. Contents of Hunter's canal. [GIMSH] [2020]

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6. Arteries forming cruciate and trochanteric anastomosis. [GIMSH] [2020]
7. Genicular anastomosis. [COMJNM] [2020]
8. Saphenous nerve. [MMCH] [2019]
9. Femoral nerve. [Sagore Dutta] [2019]
10. Popliteus muscle. [COMJNM] [ IQ City] [2020] [2019]

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11. Locking of knee joint. [RGMC] [2019]
12. Long Saphenous vein-formation & tributaries[MSDMCH] [2019]

GROUP-D (EXPLAINWHY) (4MARKSEACH)

1. Semimembranous is a true hamstring muscle. [RGKAR] [2020]
2. Pointing index. [MMCH] [2020]

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3. Down heel running can cause injury to the ankle joint. [MMCH] [2020]
4. Medial meniscus is more prone to injury than lateral meniscus. [MMCH] [NBMC][MCK] [2020]
5. Fracture of neck of talus leads to avascular necrosis. [MMCH] [2020]
6. Soleus is known as peripheral heart. [Purulia] [Sagore Dutta] [2020]
7. Femoral hernia is common in female. [Sagore Dutta] [RGKAR] [2020] [2019]

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8. Injury to superior gluteal nerve shows positive trendelenberg's sign. [GIMSH] [MSDMCH] [DHGMC] [2020] [2019]
9. Fracture of neck of fibula causes foot drop and inverted foot. [JIMSH][KPC] [2020] [2019]
10. Pubic tubercle is the landmark to differentiate inguinal hernia and femoral hernia. [SRIMS] [2020]
11. Peroneus longus muscle maintains both longitudinal and transverse arches of foot. [DHGMC] [2020]
12. A Traffic policeman commonly suffers from varicose vein/ has prominent veins in the leg.[RPHGMCH][BSMC] [2020] [2019]

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13. While jogging a middle-aged man hears a snap and feels a sudden pain in the lower part of right leg. He finds the area swollen and there is a gap between the right heel and the swelling. He is unable to planter flex his right ankle joint. Explain the clinical condition and state briefly the risk factors involved in this clinical case. [2+2] [MCK] [2020]
14. Trendelenburg sign positive in right lower limb of a patient. [SRIMS] [2019]
15. Flat foot due to mal-development of spring ligament. [RGKAR] [2019]
16. Adductor magnus has dual nerve supply [RGMC] [2019]
17. Inability to dorsi flex foot following fracture of neck of fibula with superficial laceration. [GIMSH] [2019]

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THORAX

GROUP-A (15 MARKS EACH)

1. One 40 year old female patient attends the emergency complaining pain behind the sternum & also inner side of left arm. Explain the condition anatomically. Mention the origin, course, branches & distribution of right coronary artery with suitable diagrams. What is coronary dominance? What is annulus of vieussens? [2+1+2+3+3+2+2] [Purulia] [NBMC] [JIMSH] [2020]
2. What are the different features visible in interatrial septum? Enumerate the embryological sources of development of interatrial septum. Write a note on tetralogy of fallot. [4+4+4] [NBMC] [IPGMER] [MJNMCH] [2020] [2019]
3. Patient with pleuritis presents with pain along the root of the neck. Explain anatomically. Describe the nerve supply of the pleura with clinical importance. Write a brief note on the apex of the lung. [3+3+4] [JIMSH] [2020]

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4. Enumerates the parts of the pleura with their nerve supply. Describe the costomediastinal reflection of pleura. What is pleural effusion? [2+4+4+2] [DHGMCH] [2020]
5. What are bronchopulmonary segment? Enumerate the bronchopulmonary segment of left lung. Draw a labeled diagram illustrating the segment of left lung. Mention the vascular supply of the segments along with the clinical importance. [2+4+4+5] [ICARE] [2020]
6. A child presents with recurrent attack of common cold and breathing difficulty and is diagnosed to have atrial septal defect. Describe the process of development of atrial septum with diagram. Embryologically explain the different features seen in adult atrial septum. Enumerate the development defects of atrial septum. (10+3+2) [BSMC] [BMC] [2019]
7. Give an account of the venous drainage of the thoracic wall. What is the fate of the sinus venous? (8+4) [MCK] [2019]
8. What do mean by mediastinum? Enumerate the contents of superior mediastinum. Describe the arterial supply of the heart under following headings - origin, courses and branches with distribution pattern with suitable labeled diagram. "Heart lies outside the serous pericardium but within the fibrous pericardium" -justify the statement on embryological basis.(1+2+2+2+3+2+3) [RPHGMCH] [2019]

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GROUP-B (10MARKS EACH)

1. Enumerate the boundaries of the inlet of thorax? What is thoracic inlet syndrome? Draw a labeled diagram depicting medial surface of left lung. What is costo- diaphragmatic recess & its clinical significance? What is the ideal site of pleural tapping? What are the various structures penetrated by a needle during pleural tapping? Which ribs predominantly show pump handling movement during inspiration? (2+2+4+3+1+2+1) [MJNMCH] [2020]
2. Mention the origin, course and tributaries of the coronary sinus. What do you mean by coronary dominance? [1+3+3+3] [SRIMS&SH] [MJNMCH][DHGMCH] [2020]
3. Describe the mechanism of respiration under the following heading: a) Change of diameter of thoracic cage, b) types of movements, c) muscles responsible for different movements. Enumerate the different type of cells present in the trachea-bronchial tree.(6+4) [MMCH] [MJNMCH] [2020] [2019]
4. A patient with complain of chest pain was diagnosed to suffer from 'triple vessel disease'. What are the three vessels referred here? What is coronary dominance and its importance? Describe the development of interatrial septum with labeled diagram. [BMC] [2020]

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5. Mention the origin, course, and branches of right coronary artery. What do you mean by coronary dominance? [1+3+3+3] [ICARE] [2020]
6. Thoracic diaphragm. [COMJNM] [2019]
7. Enumerate the major openings of the diaphragm and the effect of respiration on them. Mention the different sources of its development. What is Bochdalek hernia? (6+3+2) [BSMC] [2019]
8. Describe the contents of the first intercostals space. How does this space differ from a typical intercostal space? (3+4) [MCK] [2019]
9. Describe the attachments of the diaphragm. Name the major opening of the diaphragm and list the structures passing through them. (5+5)[RGMC] [2019]

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10. Describe the features present in the interior of right atrium. What are the tributaries of the coronary sinus. (7+3) [RGMC] [2019]
11. An elderly man presenting with acute onset of severe pain in chest and sweating was diagnosed as acute myocardial infarction.
    1. Enumerate the arteries that supply the ventricles of heart.
    2. What are the tributaries of coronary sinus? (7+3) [MSDMCH] [2019]
12. Describe the interior of right atrium and enumerate veins draining into right atrium. Write down developmental source of fossa ovalis. (5+3+2) [KPC] [2019]

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GROUP-C (SHORT NOTES) (5MARKSEACH)

1. Bronchopulmonary segments. [NBMC] [RGMC] [2020] [2019]
2. Azygous vein. [Sagore Dutta][DHGMCH] [2020]
3. Development of interventricular septum [Sagor Dutta] [RPHGMCH] [2020] [2019]
4. Oblique sinus of pericardium. [SRIMS] [2020]

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5. Costo-diaphragmatic recess of pleura. [SRIMS] [2020]
6. Enumerate the minor openings of diaphragm. [COMJNM] [2020]
7. Defects of tetralogy of Fallot. [RGMC] [2020]
8. Hilum of lungs. [BMC] [2020]
9. Development of right atrium. [MMCH] [2019]

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10. Respiratory part of lung. [MMCH] [2019]
11. Transverse pericardial sinus [BSMC] [2019]
12. Thoracic duct-formation, course, termination & tributaries [RPHGMCH] [2019]

GROUP-D (EXPLAINWHY) (4MARKSEACH)

1. Tension Pneumothorax. [MMCH] [2020]

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2. A 45 year old male comes at OPD with soft swelling at the right 5th costo-chondral junction and tenderness at the spine of 5th thoracic vertebra. [MMCH] [2020]
3. 1st intercostals nerve is atypical. [Purulia] [2020]
4. A patient with mitral stenosis presents with dysphagia. [MJNMCH] [2020]
5. Fibrous pericardium is fused with central tendon of diaphragm. [MCK] [JIMSH] [2020]
6. Enumerate the types of respiration at birth, in infant and in adult with anatomical reason? [JIMSH][MSDMCH] [2020] [2019]

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7. Right lung is more prone to aspiration pneumonia. [SRIMS] [2020]
8. 2nd intercostals nerve is atypical. [DHGMCH] [MCK] [2020] [2019]
9. Only 3rd to 6th intercostal nerves are called TYPICAL INTERCOSTAL nerves. [RPHGMCH] [2020]
10. Sternal angle is an important anatomical landmark. [BMCH] [2020]
11. Importance of presence of C shaped cartilage in trachea.[BMCH][2020]

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12. Right lung is prone to pneumonia [ICARE] [2020]
13. Infants are susceptible to pneumonia after abdominal operations. [BSMC] [2019]
14. A tumor at the apex of the lung may produce Horner's syndrome [BSMC] [2019]
15. Pain due to irritation of the respiratory diaphragm may be felt at the tip of the shoulder. [MCK] [2019]
16. Impaction of foreign body in right bronchus. [BMC] [2019]

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17. Why cardiac pain radiates to the left upper arm. [NRS] [2019]
18. Inter-costal drain must be put along the upper border of lower rib along mid-axillary line. [RPHGMCH] [2019]

ABDOMEN

GROUP-A (15 MARKS EACH)

1. A female patient develops left sided hydro-ureter following hysterectomy operation.
   1. What is hydro-ureter?

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   2. Explain anatomically the cause of hydro-ureter and why it is commoner in the left side?
   3. Mention the structures related to supra-vaginal cervix.
   4. Draw a schematic labeled diagram of micro-structure of ureter.
   5. Write down the mode of arterial supply of ureter.
   6. Discuss in short developmental anomalies of ureter. (2+2+3+3+2+3=15) [Purulia] [2020]

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2. What is menstruation? Describe the phases of menstruation with anatomical basis. What is living ligature of uterus? (1+12+2) [MMCH] [2020]
3. Discuss the different stages of development of kidney. What is polycystic kidney? (4+4+4+3) [MMCH] [2020]
4. Describe the kidney under following headings
   1. Location
   2. Relations which are common in both kidneys.

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   3. Disposition of renal fascia.
   4. Embryological development.
   5. Diagram of microscopic anatomy.
   6. Renal angle. [1+3+3+5+2+1] [MJNMCH] [2020]

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5. Per vaginal examination of an elderly lady suffering from pelvic inflammatory disease reveals collection of fluid in Pouch of Douglas.
   1. Write a note on Pouch of Douglas and posterior colpotomy?
   2. Write on peritoneal as well as visceral relations of uterus.
   3. Give a brief account of support of uterus.
   4. What is prolapse of uterus? [3+4+6+2] [GIMSH] [2020]

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6. Horse shoe kidney occupies a lower position than a normal kidney. Explain anatomically. Describe the development of kidney with suitable diagram. Write a brief note on developmental anomalies. Draw a labeled diagram of the coronal section of the kidney. [3+4+4+4] [JIMSH] [2020]
7. Patient presents with inflammation of the ovary present with pain along the medial side of the thigh and knee. Explain anatomically. Describe the root value, course and distribution of the nerve affected. What is sub sartorial plexus? [3+1+5+4+2] [JIMSH] [2020]
8. A bout of hematemesis in a patient suffering from cirrhosis of liver was diagnosed to be due to obstruction of portal venous system. Describe portal vein under following headings: formation, relation and sites of portacaval anastomosis. Enumerate the ligaments of spleen. [2+3+4+3] [DHGMCH] [2020]
9. A male child came to OPD with unilateral empty scrotum, diagnosed to have ectopic testis :-
   1. What are the possible sites to look
   2. for the presence of testis in this case?

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   3. Explain the condition embryologically.
   4. Describe the factors responsible for descent of testis.
   5. Draw a labeled diagram of microstructure of testis. [2+3+6+4] [BSMC] [2020]
10. Support of uterus, ligaments of uterus, contents of broad ligaments of uterus. [5+5+5] [COMJNM] [2020]

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11. What do you mean by the terms "version" and "flexion" of uterus? In relation to this, describe normal anatomical position of uterus. Give an account of various types of support of uterus. Write in brief the lymphatic drainage of uterus with clinical importance. What is clinical importance of recto uterine pouch of Douglas? [2+2+6+3+2] [MCK] [2020]
12. Give a brief account of the inguinal canal under following headings :-
    1. Location, length, extent
    2. Boundaries
    3. Contents
    4. Defence mechanism of the inguinal canal

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    5. Compare anatomically different types of inguinal hernia. [3+4+2+3+3] [MCK] [2020]
13. What is trachea-oesophageal fistula? Enumerate the embryological derivatives of mesogastrium. Give a brief account on mid gut rotation with suitable diagram and fate of vitello-intestinal duct. Enumerate the different type of ectopic position of testis with clinical importance. [2+3+5+2+3=15] [RPHGMCH] [2020]
14. An 8 year old boy was admitted to the hospital with a temperature of 101° F, a furred tongue, and vomiting he complained of an initial vague dull discomfort in the umbilical region followed by a severe localized pain felt in the right iliac region. On examination, the skin on the right lower quadrant was tender to the touch, and the abdominal muscles were contacted and rigid. A diagnosis of acute appendicitis was made. A) Explain the cause of the referred pain in the patient. B) Mention 2 cardinal points to outline the histological structures of appendix.