Download Neet PG Anatomy MCQs Question Bank
2.StructurespassingthroughCalot'striangle areallEXCEPT: a)Portalvein b)Cysticartery c)Righthepaticartery d)LymphnodeofLund CorrectAnswer-APortalveinTHEHEPATOBILIARYTRIANGLEORCYSTOHEPATICTRIANGLEORCALOT'STRIANGLE:Boundaries:CommonhepaticductmediallyCysticductinferiorlyInferiorsurfaceofliversuperiorlyContents:CysticarteryRighthepaticarteryLymphnodeofLund
3.Whichisatypicalintercostalnerve? a)First b)Second c)Third d)Seventh CorrectAnswer-CThird"Typicalintercostalnervesaretheonesthatareconfinedtotheirownintercostalspacesinthethoracicwall.Thethird,fourth,fifthandsixthintercostalnervesarethetypicalnerves"
4.Trendelenburgtestispositiveduetoinjury towhichofthefollowingnerve? a)Obturator b)Sciatic c)SuperiorGluteal d)InferiorGluteal CorrectAnswer-CAns.C.SuperiorGlutealApositiveTrendelenburgisrelativelynon-specificandmayindicate:Pain(e.g.duetoosteoarthritisofthehipjoint)Weakhipabductors(gluteusmedius,gluteusminimus)Shortfemoralneck/fractureofneckDislocationorsubluxationofthehipNeuropathyGluteusmediusandminimusaresuppliedbySuperiorGlutealnerve.TrendelenburgtestNormallywhenapersonismadetostandononeleg,thehipabductorsoftheipsilateralsideraisetheoppositeandtheunsupportedsideofthepelvis.Iftheabductormechanismisdefective,theunsupportedsideofthepelvisdropsandthisisknownaspositiveTrendelenburgtest.
5.Lateralboundaryofcubitalfossaisformed by: a)Brachioradialis b)Pronatorteres c)Brachialis d)Biceps CorrectAnswer-ABrachioradialisBoundariesofcubitalfossa-Laterally-Medialborderofbrachioradialis.Medially-Lateralborderofpronatorteres.Base-Itisdirectedupwards,andisrepresentedbyanimaginarylinejoiningthefrontoftwoepicondylesofthehumerus.Apex-Itisdirecteddownwards,andisformedbytheareawherebrachioradialiscrossesthepronatorteresmuscle.
6.Allofthefollowingarestructures associatedwithpterygopalatinefossa,EXCEPT: a)Pterygopalatineganglion b)Midthirdofmaxillaryartery c)Maxillarynerve d)Greaterpetrosalnerve CorrectAnswer-BThepterygopalatinefossaistheregionbetweenthepterygomaxillaryfissureandthenasalcavity.*Thefossaaccommodatesbranchesofthemaxillarynerve[cranialnerve(CN)V-2],thepterygopalatineganglion,theterminalbranchesofthemaxillaryartery,andgreatersuperficialpetrosalnerve.
7.
WhichofthefollowingisNOTabranchof1stpartofmaxillaryartery? a)Middlemeningealartery b)Accessorymeningealartery c)Inferioralveolarartery d)Greaterpalatineartery CorrectAnswer-DBranchesofmaxillaryartery:Themaxillaryarteryconsistsofthreeparts;mandibularpart,pterygoidpart,pterygopalatinepart.Branchesofmandibularpart:InferioralveolararteryMiddlemeningealarteryDeepauriculararteryAnteriortympanicarteryOccasionallyanaccessorymeningealbranch.Branchesofpterygoidpart:MassetericarteryDeeptemporalbranchesPterygoidbranchesBuccalarteryBranchesofpterygopalatinepart:PosteriorsuperioralveolararteryInfraorbitalarteryDescendingpalatinearteryGreaterpalatinearteryLesserpalatinearterySphenopalatineartery
LateralposteriornasalarteriesPosteriorseptalbranches
8.Ophthalmicarteryisabranchof? a)CavernouspartofICA b)CerebralpartofICA c)MCA d)Facialartery CorrectAnswer-BThecommoncarotidarteriesbifurcateatthelevelofthethyroidcartilageintotheexternalandinternalcarotidarteries.Theexternalcarotidarterysendsbranchestotheneckandface,whereastheinternalcarotidarteryascendstothebaseoftheskull,enteringthecarotidcanal.Uponexitingthecarotidcanal,theinternalcarotidarterycourseshorizontallyovertheforamenlacerumandentersthecavernoussinusand,afterturningsuperiorly,dividesintoitsterminalbranches.InternalcarotidarteryItisthemainarterysupplyingstructuresinsidethecranialcavityandorbit.Itisdividedinto4parts:?*Cervicalpart:-Itextendsfromupperborderofthyroidcartilagetothebaseofskull.Thispartgivesnobranch.*Petrouspart:-Itliesinbonycarotidcanalinthepetroustemporalbone.Itgivestwobranches(i)Caroticotympanic,and(ii)pterygoid.*Cavernouspart:-Itrunsthroughthemedialwallofcavernoussinus.Itgivesthreebranches:(i)Meningealbranch,(ii)hypophysealbranchand(iii)cavernousbranch.*Cerebralpart:-Itisrelatedtoinferiorsurfaceofcerebrum.Itgivesfollowingbranches:(i)Ophthalmicartery,(ii)posteriorcommunicatingartery,(iii)anteriorchoroidalartery,(iv)anteriorcerebralarteryand(v)middlecerebralartery.
9.Postganglionicfibrestoparotidglandissuppliedby? a)Glossopharyngealnerve b)Auriculotemporalnerve c)Bothoftheabove d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-BPreganglionicnervestravelinthelesserpetrosalbranchoftheglossopharyngealnerveandsynapseintheoticganglion.Postganglionicfibersreachtheglandviatheauriculotemporalnerve.NervesupplyofparotidglandInnervationofthesalivaryglandisasfollows:-Parasympathetic(secretomotor):Theyreachtheglandthroughauriculotemporalnerveasthefollowingroute:-Preganglionicfibers-Originateintheinferiorsalivarynucleus;passthroughglossopharyngealnerve;itstympanicbranch;tympanicplexus,andlesserpetrosalnerve.Relayganglion:-Oticganglion.Postganglionicfibers:-Passthroughtheauriculotemporalnervetoreachthegland.Sympathetic(Vasomotor):Derivedfromtheplexusaroundthemiddlemeningealartery.Sensory:derivedfromtheauriculotemporalnerve,exceptforparotidfasciaandoverlyingskinwhichareinnervatedbythegreatauricularnerve(c2,c3)
10.Sensorysupplytotongueisbyall,EXCEPT? a)Lingualnerve b)Vagusnerve c)Glossopharyngealnerve d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-DThesensoryinnervationofthetonguereflectsitsembryologicaldevelopment.Thenerveofgeneralsensationtothepresulcalpartisthelingualnerve,whichalsocarriestastesensationderivedfromthechordatympanibranchofthefacialnerve.Thenervesupplyingbothgeneralandtastesensationtothepostsulcalpartistheglossopharyngealnerve.Anadditionalareaintheregionofthevalleculaeissuppliedbytheinternallaryngealbranchofthevagusnerve.
11.
Cranialpartofaccessorynervesuppliesallpalatalmuscles,EXCEPT? a)Palatoglossus b)Palatopharyngeus c)Tensorvelipalatini d)Tensorvelitympani CorrectAnswer-CThecranialrootoftheaccessorynerveissmallerthanthespinalroot.Itexitstheskullthroughthejugularforamenandunitesforashortdistancewiththespinalroot.Itsfibersinnervatethepharyngealandpalatalmuscles,excepttensorvelipalatini.Becausethecranialpartofaccessorynerve(CNXI)leavesthejugularforamenasjoiningtheCNX,itissometimesconsideredpartoftheplexusaswellThetensorvelipalatiniissuppliedbythemedialpterygoidnerve,abranchofmandibularnerve,thethirdbranchofthetrigeminalnerve-theonlymuscleofthepalatenotinnervatedbythepharyngealplexus
12.Apatientisfoundtohaveamelanomaoriginatingintheskinoftheleft forearm.Afterremovalofthetumorfromtheforearm,allaxillarylymphnodeslateraltothemedialedgeofthepectoralisminormuscleareremoved.Whichaxillarynodeswouldnotberemoved? a)Apicallymphnodes b)Centrallymphnodes c)Laterallymphnodes d)Pectorallymphnodes CorrectAnswer-AThelymphnodeslateraltotheLATERALedgeofthepectoralisminorarethelateralaxillarynodes.Pectoraloranterioraxillarynodesaredeeptothelateraledgeofthepectoralismajormuscle.Centralaxillarynodesarefounddirectlyunderpectoralisminor,whilesubscapularorposterioraxillarynodesareadjacenttothesubscapularismuscle.Theapicalaxillarynodesaremedialtothemedialedgeofpectoralisminorandsoitwon'tberemoved. level Partofaxilla Lymphnodes I Lowaxilla Lymphnodeslateraltothelateralborderofpectoralisminor(centralgroup,lateralgroup,anteriorgroup,posteriorgroup) II Midaxilla Lymphnodesbetweenthelateralandmedialbordersofpectoralisminor.plusinterpectorallymphnodes III Apicalaxilla Lymphnodesmedialtomedialmarginofpectoralisminor(including
subclavicular,infraclavicularorapical).
13.ApatienthasaherniatedintervertebraldiscimpingingontherightC5nerve roots.Whichofthefollowingmovementswouldmostlikelybeaffected? a)Extensionofthefingers b)Extensionoftheshoulder c)Flexionoftheelbow d)Flexionofthewrist CorrectAnswer-CC5helpsmediateflexion,abduction,andlateralrotationoftheshoulder,andflexionoftheelbow.BothC5andC6mediateextensionoftheelbow. ExtensionofthefingersismediatedbyC7and8. ExtensionoftheshoulderismediatedbyC7and8. FlexionofthewristismediatedbyC6and7.
14.Allaretrueaboutfemoraltriangle,EXCEPT? a)Lateralmarginisformedbysartorius b)Floorisformedbyadductorlongus c)Containsthefemoralvessels d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-DAllaretrueaboutthefemoraltriangleThefemoraltriangleisadepressedareaofthethighlyingdistaltotheinguinalfold.Itsapexisdistal,itslimitsarethemedialmarginofsartoriuslaterally,themedialmarginofadductorlongusmediallyandtheinguinalligamentproximally(thebase).Itsfloorisprovidedlaterallybyiliacusandpsoasmajor,mediallybypectineusandadductorlongus.Thefemoralvessels,passingfrommidbasetoapex,areinthedeepestpartofthetriangle.Lateraltothearterythefemoralnervedivides.Thetrianglealsocontainsfatandlymphnodes.
15.Inwalking,gravitytendstotiltpelvisandtrunktotheunsupportedside,major factorinpreventingthisunwantedmovementis? a)Adductormuscles b)Quadriceps c)Gluteusmaximus d)Gluteusmediusandminimus CorrectAnswer-DThegluteusmediusmuscleabductsandmediallyrotatesthefemuratthehipjoint.Inaddition,thegluteusmediusholdsthepelvissecureoverthestanceleg,preventingpelvicdropontheoppositeswingsideduringgait.Thesuperiorglutealnerve(L4,L5,S1)innervatesthismuscle.Theactionofthegluteusminimusmuscleisthesameasthatofthegluteusmedius--itabductsthefemuratthehipjoint,holdingthepelvissecureoverthestancelegandpreventingpelvicdropontheoppositeswingsideduringgaitandhipmedialrotation.Theinferiorglutealnerve(L5,S1,S2)innervatesthismuscle.
16.Whichofthefollowingrepresentthecommonestvariationinthearteries arisingfromthearchofaorta? a)Absenceofbrachiocephalictrunk b)Leftvertebralarteryarisingfromthearch c)Presenceofretroesophagealsubclavianartery d)Leftcommoncarotidarteryarisingfrombrachiocephalictrunk CorrectAnswer-DMostcommonanomalyoftheaorticarchseenin10-20%individualsischaracterizedbytheoriginoftheleftcommoncarotidarteryfromthebrachiocephalic(innominate)trunk.Othercommonanomaliesinclude:Afourvesselarchwithseparateoriginsfortherightcommoncarotidandrightsubclavianarteries(2.5%),Originoftheleftvertebralarterydirectlyfromafourvesselaorticarchtypicallybetweentheostiaoftheleftcommoncarotidandsubclavianarteries(2.4-5.8%).
17.WhichamongthefollowingisNOTabranchofArchofAorta? a)Brachiocephalic b)Rightcommoncarotid c)Leftcommoncarotid d)LeftSubclavian CorrectAnswer-BThearchoftheaortabeginsattheleveloftheupperborderofthesecondsternocostalarticulationoftherightside.Thebranchesgivenofffromthearchoftheaortaarethreeinnumber:thebrachiocephalicartery(innominate),theleftcommoncarotid,andtheleftsubclavian.BrachiocephalicArteryisthelargestbranchofthearchoftheaorta.Itdividesintotherightcommoncarotidandrightsubclavianarteries.
18.Thekeytotherootoftheneckisthescalenusanteriormuscle.Whichamong thefollowingisTRUEaboutscalenusanterior? a)NotPiercedbyphrenicnerve b)Attachedtoscalenetubercleon2ndrib c)Separatessubclavianarteryfromsubclavianvein d)Piercedbyphrenicnerve CorrectAnswer-AAns.(A)NotpiercedbyphrenicnerveThesubclavianveinformsanarchacrossthepleuraatalevelbelowthearchofsubclavianartery.Thetwoarchesareseparatedfromeachotherbyscalenusanteriormuscle.ScalenusanteriorarisesfromtheanteriortuberclesofC3-C6andattachestothescalenetubercleandadjacentridgeontheinnerborderanduppersurfaceofthefirstrib.Phrenicnervepassesverticallydownacrosstheobliquityofthemuscle,plasteredtheretobytheprevertebralfascia.Transcervicalandsuprascapulararteriesliebetweenthescalenusanteriorandthecarotidsheath.
19.Mostcommondiaphragmaticherniais: a)Bochdalekhernia b)Morgagnihernia c)Paraesophagelhernia d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-ADiaphragmaticherniasareofvarioustypes.Themostcommonisaposterolateral(Bochdalek)hernia,whichoccursasaresultofadefectintheposteriordiaphragmintheregionofthetenthoreleventhribs.
20.BoundaryoftheKoch'striangleisnotformedby? a)Tricuspidvalvering b)Coronarysinus c)Tendonoftodaro d)Limbusfossaovalis CorrectAnswer-DKoch'sTriangleisatriangleenclosedbytheseptalleafletofthetricuspidvalve,thecoronarysinus,andthemembranouspartoftheinteratrialseptum.Koch'striangle:WalterKarlKoch(1880?1962)wasadistinguishedGermansurgeonwhodiscoveredatriangular-shapedareaintherightatriumoftheheartthatmarkstheatrioventricularnode(knownasKoch'striangle).Thethreesidesofthetrianglearedefinedbythefollowingstructureswithintherightatrium:Theostiumofthecoronarysinus,posteriorly;Theanteriorportionofthetricuspidvalveannulus;andThetendonofTodaro(atendinousstructureconnectingthevalveoftheinferiorvenacavaostiumtothecentralfibrousbody),posteriorly.Importance:Usedasananatomicallandmarkforlocationoftheatrioventricularnodeduringelectrophysiologyproceduressuchaspacingorablation.
21.
Esophagusisconstrictedat4anatomiclocations.Narrowestpartofesophagusliesatwhichofthefollowingconstriction? a)Atthelevelofcricopharyngealsphincter b)Atthecrossingofaorticarch c)Atthecrossingofleftbronchus d)Atthelevelofopeninginthediaphragm CorrectAnswer-ANarrowestpartofesophagusisatitscommencementatthecricopharyngealsphincterwhichis15cmfromtheincisorteeth.Othersitesofesophaguswhereitisslightlyconstrictedincludes: Crossingbytheaorticarchwhichis22cmfromtheteeth. Crossingbytheleftprincipalbronchuswhichis27cmfromtheteeth Attheopeninginthediaphragmwhichis38cmfromtheteeth
22.Sympatheticsupplytotheheartarisesfromwhichofthefollowingspinal segments? a)T1toT5 b)T2toT6 c)T3toT7 d)T4toT8 CorrectAnswer-ASympatheticnervecellssupplyingtheheartarelocatedintheintermediolateralhornofspinalsegmentsT1toT5.Sympatheticsupplyiscardio-acceleratory,andonstimulation,theyincreasetheheartrate,andalsodilatecoronaryarteries.Bothparasympatheticandsympatheticnervesformthesuperficialanddeepcardiacplexuses,thebranchesofwhichrunalongthecoronaryarteriestoreachthemyocardium.
23.Allofthefollowingarebranchesofsplenicartery,except? a)Hilarbranches b)ShortGastricArtery c)ArteriaPancreaticaMagna d)RightGastroepiploicArtery CorrectAnswer-DRightGastroepiploicarteryisabranchofsuperiormesentricartery,abranchofhepaticartery.TheleftGastroepiploicarteryisabranchofsplenicarterywhichanastomoseswiththerightGastroepiploicartery.
24.Apatientwithexternalhemorrhoidsdevelopspainwhilepassingstools.Which ofthefollowingnervemediatingthispain? a)Pudendalnerve b)Hypogastricnerve c)Sympatheticplexus d)Splanchnicvisceralnerve CorrectAnswer-AExternalhemorrhoidsarecoveredbythemucousmembraneofthelowerhalfoftheanalcanalortheskin,andtheyareinnervatedbytheinferiorrectalnerves.Inferiorrectalnerveisabranchofpudendalnerve.Lowerhalfofanalcanalissensitivetopain,temperature,touch,andpressure. Thepectinatelineindicatesthelevelwheretheupperhalfoftheanalcanaljoinsthelower half. Themucousmembraneoftheupperhalfissensitivetostretchandisinnervatedby sensoryfibersthatascendthroughthehypogastricplexuses. Theinvoluntaryinternalsphincterissuppliedbysympatheticfibersfromtheinferior hypogastricplexuses. Thevoluntaryexternalsphincterissuppliedbytheinferiorrectalnerve,abranchofthe pudendalnerveandtheperinealbranchofthefourthsacralnerve.
25.Theboundariesoftheinterconnectionbetweengreatersacandlessersacof peritoneumknownas'ForamenofWinslow'areall,EXCEPT: a)Caudatelobeofliver b)Inferiorvenacava c)Freeborderoflesseromentum d)4thpartofDuodenum CorrectAnswer-DInterconnectionbetweengreatersacandlessersacofperitoneumisknownasForamenofWinslow.Ithasthefollowingboundaries: Superiorboundary:Caudatelobeofliver Anteriorboundary:Freeedgeoflesseromentumcontainingcommonbileduct,hepaticarteryandportalvein. Inferiorboundary:Firstpartofduodenum Posteriorboundary:Inferiorvenacavaandabdominalaorta
26.Whatisthenumberoflayersingreateromentum? a)1 b)2 c)3 d)4 CorrectAnswer-DThegreateromentumisfoldedbackonitselfandisthereforemadeupoffourlayersofcloselyappliedvisceralperitoneum,whichareseparatedbyvariableamountsofadiposetissue.
27.Allpassthroughdeepinguinalring,EXCEPT? a)Spermaticcord b)Internalspermaticfascia c)Roundligament d)Ilioinguinalnerve CorrectAnswer-DIttransmitsthespermaticcordinthemaleandtheroundligamentoftheuterusinthefemaleintotheinguinalcanal.Internalspermaticfasciaispresentinthespermaticcord.Ilioinguinalnervepassesonlythroughthesuperficialinguinalcanalandnotthroughdeep. Inguinalcanal:containsthespermaticcordandtheilioinguinalnerveinthemale,andtheroundligamentoftheuterusandtheilioinguinalnerveinthefemale.Itisanobliquecanalofabout4cm.long,slantingdownwardandmedialward,andplacedparallelwithandalittleabovetheinguinalligament;itextendsfromthedeepinguinalringlaterallytothesuperficialinguinalringmedially.Deepinguinalring:aholeintransversalisfascialying3cmsuperiortothemidpointoftheinguinalligament.Contents: Spermaticcordinmales RoundligamentinfemalesSuperficialinguinalring:V-shapeddefectinthelowermedialfibresoftheexternalobliquejustsuperiorandlateraltothepubictubercle.Ilioinguinalnervepassesthroughsuperficialinguinalring. Contentsofinguinalcanal Spermaticcordinmales Roundligamentinfemales Ilioinguinalnerveinbothmalesandfemales
28.Allofthefollowingarteriesarethebranchesofcoeliactrunk,EXCEPT? a)Leftgastricartery b)Rightgastricartery c)Splenicartery d)Hepaticartery CorrectAnswer-BBranchesofthecoeliactrunkareleftgastricartery,splenicartery,andcommonhepaticartery.Thecoeliactrunkarisesfromtheabdominalaorta,immediatelybelowtheaortichiatusofthediaphragmattheT12vertebrallevel.Rightgastricarteryisabranchofcommonhepaticartery.Branchesofcommonhepaticarteryare:ProperhepaticarteryRightgastricarteryGastroduodenalartery:rightgastroomentalartery,superiorpancreaticoduodenalarteryarebranchesofgastroduodenalartery.CysticarteryBranchesofsplenicartery:LeftgastroepiploicarteryShortgastricbranchesPancreaticbranches
29.Inferiorpancreaticoduodenalarteryisabranchofwhichofthefollowing artery? a)Splenicartery b)Leftgastricartery c)Gastroduodenalartery d)Superiormesentericartery CorrectAnswer-DInferiorpancreaticoduodenalarteryisabranchofsuperiormesentericartery.Itsuppliesthepancreasandadjoiningpartoftheduodenum.Itsanteriorandposteriorbranchesanastomosewiththebranchesofsuperiorpancreaticoduodenalartery.Thisanastomosisistheonlycommunicationbetweenthearteriesofforegutandmidgut.Branchesofsuperiormesentericarteryare: Inferiorpancreaticoduodenalartery Jejunalandilealbranches Ileocolicartery Rightcolicartery Middlecolicartery
30.Portalveinisformedbyunionofwhichofthefollowingveins? a)Superiormesentericvein&Splenicvein b)Superiormesentericvein&inferiormesentericvein c)Inferiormesentericvein&Splenicvein d)inferiormesentericvein&Hepaticvein CorrectAnswer-APortalveinisformedbytheunionofSuperiormesentericvein(SMV)andsplenicveinposteriortotheneckofpancreas.Theinferiormesentericveindrainsintothesplenicvein.*Thehepaticportalveinpassposteriortothefirstpartofduodenum,inthefreeedgeoflesseromentum.*Attheportahepatis,itdividesintorightandleftbranchessupplyingtherightandleftlobesoftheliver.*Withinthesinusoidsoftheliver,hepaticportalbloodandoxygenatedbloodfromthehepaticarterymixtogetherandcomeintocontactwiththehepatocytes,wheremetabolitessuchasproductsofdigestionareexchanged.*BloodfromthesinusoidsemptiesintohepaticveinsdrainingtheliverandinturndrainintoIVC,andbloodisreturnedtoheart.
31.Uvulavesicaeseeninbladderisformedfromthefollowingstructure? a)Medianlobeofprostate b)Laterallobeofprostate c)Anteriorlobeofprostate d)Posteriorlobeofprostate CorrectAnswer-AUvulavesicaeisasmallelevationsituatedimmediatelybehindtheurethralorifice,whichisproducedbytheunderlyingmedianlobeoftheprostate.Itenlargeswithageduetoenlargementoftheunderlyingmedianlobeoftheprostateandmayinhibitcompletebladderemptying.
32.Facialnerveisaderivativeofwhichofthefollowingbranchialarch? a)Firstarch b)Secondarch c)Thirdarch d)Fourtharch CorrectAnswer-BFacialnerveisaderivativeofsecondbranchialarch.Musclesoffacialexpressionderivedfromitarebuccinator,auricularis,frontalis,platysma,orbicularisorisandorbicularisoculi.Additionalmusclessuppliedbyitarestapedius,stylohyoid,andposteriorbellyofdigastric. Branchial Cranialnerve Muscles arch First Trigeminal Musclesofmastication:masseter,temporalis,medial mandibular andlateralpterygoid.Additionalmuscles:mylohyoid,anteriorbellyofdigastric,tensortympani,tensorvelipalatini Third Glossopharyngeal Stylopharyngeus Fourthand Superior Pharyngealandlaryngealmuscles:cricothyroid, sixth laryngeal, levatorvelipalatini,constrictorsofpharynx,intrinsic recurrent musclesoflarynx laryngealbranchesofvagus Ref:NeurosciencefortheStudyofCommunicativeDisordersBySubhashChandraBhatnagarpage279.
33.Whichofthefollowingnucleibelongtothegeneralvisceralafferentcolumn? a)Facialnervenucleus b)Trigeminalnucleus c)Dorsalnucleusofvagus d)Nucleusambiguus CorrectAnswer-CVisceralafferentfibers,alsocalledgeneralvisceralafferentfibers,conveysensationfromthealimentarytract,heart,vessels,andlungsbywayofnervesIXandX.Aspecializedvisceralafferentcomponentisinvolvedwiththesenseoftaste;fiberscarryinggustatoryimpulsesarepresentincranialnervesVII,IX,andX.Thegeneralvisceralafferentcolumnisrepresentedbypartofthedorsalnucleusofthevagusnerve.Ref:WaxmanS.G.(2010).Chapter8.CranialNervesandPathways.InS.G.Waxman(Ed),ClinicalNeuroanatomy,26e.
34.WhichofthefollowingstatementregardingcelldivisionisNOTTRUE? a)Produceshaploidnumberofchromosomes b)Producessamenumberofchromosomes c)Produces2cells d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AMitosisisanucleardivisioninwhichdaughtercellsreceivethesamenumberofchromosomesasthatofparentcell.Thedaughtercellsresultingfrommitosisareidenticaltoeachotherandalsototheparentcellinthequantityandqualityofgeneticmaterial.Mitosis: Itistheprocessthatfacilitatesequalpartitioningofreplicatedchromosomesintotwo identicalgroups. Asaresultofthistwonewdaughtercellsarisefromoneoriginalcell. Allthecellscreatedthroughmitosisaregeneticallyidenticaltooneanotherandtothecell fromwheretheycame. Themainpurposeofmitosisineukaryoticcellsaregrowthoftheindividual,repairoftissue andasexualreproduction.
35.Allthefollowingfeaturesareseeninneuronsfromdorsalrootganglia, EXCEPT: a)Theyaremultipolar b)Theycontainlipofuscingranules c)Theyhavecentrallylocatednuclei d)Theyarederivedfromneuralcrestcells CorrectAnswer-ADorsalrootganglionconsistofsensoryneuronswhicharepseudounipolarandhavenosynapticconnectionsintheganglion.Theyareclassifiedaspseudounipolarbecauseitlacksdendritesandhasasingleaxonthatbifurcateintoacentrallyefferentbranchthatfunctionsasadendritetocarryafferentsensorysignals.
36.Suprarenalglandgetsitsbloodsupply fromallofthefollowingarteriesexcept: a)Aorta b)Renalartery c)Inferiorphrenicartery d)Superiormesentricartery CorrectAnswer-DD.i.e.SuperiorMesentericarteryRightsuprarenalveindrainintoIVC;andleftsuprarenalveindrainintoleftRenalveinSuprarenalglandissuppliedbysuprarenal,renal,inferiorphrenicarteryandaorta
37.
Internalanalsphincterisaapartof: a)Puborectalismuscle b)Deepperinealmuscles c)Internallongitudinalfibers d)Internalcircularfibers CorrectAnswer-DD.i.e.InternalcircularfibresInvoluantryinternalanalsphincterisformedbythickeningofcircularmusclelayer(i.e.circularlayerofmuscularisexterna,asmoothmuscle)ofupperend(2/3or3/4)ofanalcanal.Thissphincterremainsinthestateoftoniccontractionmostofthetimetomaintainrestingtoneorpressures(-90cmH20)&topreventleakageoffluidorflatus.Itscontraction(tonus)ismaintainedbysympatheticfibersfromsuperiorrectal(periarterial)andhypogastricplexuses;andinhibited(i.e.sphincterrelaxed)byparasympatheticpelvicsplanchnicnerves.
38. Duringincision&drainageofischiorectal abscess,whichnerveis/are affected/injured: a)Superiorrectalnerve b)Inferiorrectalnerve c)Superiorglutealnerve d)Inferiorglutealnerve CorrectAnswer-BBi.e.InferiorrectalnerveThroughaposteriorhorseshoeshapedrecessbothischiorectalfossaeareconnectedbehindtheanalcanal;soaunilateralabscessmaybecomebilateral.Duringdissectionofischiorectalfossa,inferiorrectal,pudendal,posteriorscrotalorlabialnerve&vesselsalongwithperforatingbranchesofS2-S3andperinealbranchesofS4nervemaygetdamaged.
39.Whichstructure(s)passesbehindthe inguinalligament: a)Femoralbranchofgenitofemoralnerve b)Femoralvein c)Psoasmajor d)All CorrectAnswer-DAi.e.Femoralbranchofgenitofemoralnerve;Bi.e.Femoralvein;Ci.e.Psoasmajor
40.Structurecrossingdorsalsurfaceof ischialspineareA/E: a)Internalpudendalvessel b)Pudendalnerve c)Obturatornerve d)Nervetoobturatorinternus CorrectAnswer-CC.i.e.ObturatornervePsoasmajor,iliacus&pectineusmuscles,femoralvesselsandnerve,femoralbranchofgenitofemoralnerve,lateralcutaneousnerveofthighandlymphaticspassbelowinguinalligament.'PIN'structuresi.e.Pudendalnerve,InternalPudendalvessels,Nervetoobturatorinternuscomeoutofgreatersciaticforamen,crossthedorsalsurfaceofischialspine&enterintolessersciaticforamen.
41.Themusclesattachedtoperinealbodyare A/E a)Ischiocavernosum b)Bulbospongiosm c)Superficialtransverseperinea d)Deeptransverseperinea CorrectAnswer-AA.i.e.IschiocavernosusTenmusclesoftheperineumconvergeandinterlaceintheperinealbody-a)Twounpaired:(i)Externalanalsphincter,(ii)Fibresoflongitudinalmusclecoatofanalcanal.b)Fourpaired:-(i)Bulbospongiosus,(ii)Superficialtransverseperenei,(iii)Deeptransversusperenei,(iv)levatorani,Infemales,sphincterurethrovaginalisisalsoattachedhere.
42.AllarecomponentsofSpermaticcord except: a)Poupart'sligament b)Genito-femoralnerve c)Vasdeferens d)Pampiniformplexus CorrectAnswer-AAi.e.Poupart'sligamentPoupart'sligamentisalsocalledasinguinalligament.Itformsthebaseofinguinalcanal.Constituentsofspermaticcordare:DuctusdeferensTesticularandcremastericarteries,andthearteryoftheductusdeferensPampiniformplexusofveinsLymphvesselsfromthetestisGenitalbranchofthegenitofemoralnerveandthesympatheticnerveplexusaroundthearterytotheductusdeferensandvisceralafferentnervefibres.Remainsoftheprocessusvaginalis.
43.
Shortestpartofmaleurethrais: a)Prostatic b)Membranous c)Bulbar d)Penile CorrectAnswer-BBi.e.Membranous-Membranousurethraisshortest&Penileurethraislongestpart.Prostaticurethraiswidest&mostdilatableportion&Urethralorificef/19membranousurethraisnarrowest&leastdilatablepart
44.Posteriorcommunicatingarteryabranch of a)Internalcarotid b)Externalcarotid c)Middlecerebral d)Posteriorsuperiorcerebellar CorrectAnswer-AAi.e.Internalcarotid
45.Allarelateralbranchesofabdominal aorta,EXCEPT a)Righttesticularartery b)Leftrenalartery c)Inferiormesentericartery d)Middlesuprarenalartery CorrectAnswer-CC.i.e.InferiormesentericarteryOvarianorTesticulararteryislateralbranchofabdominalaortaanduterinearteryisabranchofinternaliliacartery(anteriordivision).Lateralbranchesofabdominalaortaare-Inferiorphrenic,MiddleSuprarenal,Renal&Gonadal(testicularorovarian)arteries.Mnemonic-"InferiorMSRuinGonads"
46.Arterialbrancheswhichsupplythehead andneckofthefemuris/are: a)Medialcircumflexartery b)Lateralcircumflexartery c)Profundafemorisartery d)All CorrectAnswer-DA.i.e.Medialcircumflexartery;B.i.e.Lateralcircumflexartery;C.i.e.ProfundafemorisarteryProximalfemur(head&neck)issuppliedbyarteryofligamentumteres(branchofobturatorartery),medial(main)&lateralcircumflexfemoralartery(botharisefromprofundafemorisartery,giverisetoascendingcervical(+metaphyseal)andretinacular(+epiphyseal:lateral&inferior)arteriesandformextracapsular&intracapsularsubsynovialarterialrings
47.TrueaboutCorpuscallosum: a)Unitefarareaoftwosidesofbrain b)Connecttwofrontallobe c)Unitetwohemisphere d)All CorrectAnswer-DAi.e.Unitefarareaoftwosidesofbrain;Bi.e.Connecttwofrontallobe;Ci.e.Unitetwohemisphere
48.Allareneuralplateinducersexcept a)Notochordappearance b)HighBMP c)FGFupregulation d)Prechordalmesoderm CorrectAnswer-BBi.e.HighBMP
49.Structuresderivedfromtheneuralcrest are? a)Pia b)Dentalpapillae c)Adrenalmedulla d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-DDi.e.Alloftheabove
50.Jellyformedaroundthehearttubeduring earlydevelopment,contributestotheformationof: a)Pericardium b)Mesocardium c)Myocardium d)Endocardium CorrectAnswer-CCi.e.MyocardiumDorsalmesocardiumformstransversepericardialsinus;somatopleuricmesodermformsparietalpericardium;splanchnopluricmesodermformsmyocardium&conductionsystemofhearts(i.e.Purkinjefibers);neuralcreastcellsformsubpulmonaryinfundibulum.Cardiacjellyformsendocardialcushionandmyocardium
51.Primaryandsecondarypalatesare dividedby a)Greaterpalatineforamen b)Canineteeth c)Alveolararch d)Incisiveforamen CorrectAnswer-DD.i.e.IncisiveforamenTheincisiveforamenisdividinglandmarkbetweentheprimary&secondarypalateQ;andanterior&posteriorcleftdeformities
52.'ObstructionofInferiorvenacava' presents: a)Paraumblicaldilatation b)Thoraco-epigastricdilatation c)Oesophagusvaries d)Haemorrhoides CorrectAnswer-A:BA.ParaumbilicusveindilationandBi.e.Thoraco-epigastricdilationThethoracoepigastricveinisuniqueinthatitdrainstoboththeSuperiorVenaCava(SVC)andtotheInferiorVenaCava(IVC).Hence,itservesasananastomoticcaval-cavallinkbetweenthetwo.Furthermore,thethoracoepigastricveinisconnectedtotheportalveinviatheparaumbilicalveinandtherebyservesasaportocavalanastomosisaswell.Whenapatientexperiencesportalhypertension,therecanbecongestion(backup)ofbloodthatentersintothecavalsystemviathethoracoepigastricvein.Whenthisoccurs,therecanbeanexternallyvisibledilationoftheparaumbilical(andperhapseventhethoracoepigastricveins)whichleadstotheappearanceof"CaputMedusae"
53.Therightsuprarenalveindrainsintothe a)Inferiorvenacava b)Rightrenalvein c)RightGonadalvein d)LeftRenalvein CorrectAnswer-AAi.e.InferiorvenacavaLefttesticular,ovarianorsuprarenalveinusuallydrainsintoleftrenalvein,beforeenteringtheIVC Vein Draininto Organ Rt.Suprarenalgland Rt.Suprarenalvein IVC Lt.Suprarenalgland Lt.Suprarenalvein LeftRenalVein Sameistrueforgonads(testis/ovary)i.e. Lt.Gonad(testisor Lt.Gonadal(testicular Leftrenalvein ovary) orovarian)vein Rt.Gonad(testisor Rt.Gonadal(testicular IVC ovary) orovarian) vein
54.Trueabouttheanatomyofgreat saphenousvein: a)Startsasacontinuationofmedialmarginalvein b)Endsoffemoralvein2.5cmbelowtheinguinalligament c)Thereare2-5valvesbelowtheknee. d)Ascends2.5-3cmbehindtibialmalleolus CorrectAnswer-AAi.e.Startsascontinuation-ofmedialmarginalvein
55.Lymphaticdrainageofcervixisto a)Iliaclymphnodes b)Paraaorticlymphnodes c)Superficialinguinallymphnodes d)Deepinguinallymphnodes CorrectAnswer-AA.i.e.Iliaclymphnodes
56.Thethoracicductcrossesfromtheright totheleftatthelevelof a)T12vertebra b)T6vertebra c)T5vertebra d)T2vertebra CorrectAnswer-CCi.e.T5vertebraeThoracicductbeginsascontinuationoftheupperendofthecisternachylinearthelowerborderofT12vertebraandentersthethoraxthroughtheaorticopeningofdiaphragm(atT12).ItthenascendsthroughtheposteriormediastinumandatT5levelcrossesfromrightsidetotheleftsideandascendsalongleftmarginofoesophagustoentertheneck
57.Whichofthefollowingprevents hyperextensionofthigh a)Ischiofemoralligament b)Iliofemoralligament c)Patellofemoralligament d)Puboischialligament CorrectAnswer-BB.i.e.IliofemoralligamentHipextensionislimitedbytheiliofemoralligament,whichpassesoverthefrontofthehipjointandconnectstheilium(hipbone)tothefemur(thighbone).Thisligamentelongateswhenthepelvisistiltedbackwards,restrictingthedistancethejointcanbeextended.Theiliofemoralligamentalsolimitsexternal(outward)rotationofthehipjointwhenflexed,anditrestrainsbothinternal(inward)andexternalrotationwhenthejointisextended
58.Deltoidligamentisattachedtoallexcept: a)Medialmalleolus b)Medialcuneiform c)springligament d)sustentaculumtali CorrectAnswer-BAns.Bi.e.MedialcuneiformMedialcollateralligament(deltoidligament)attachestothemedialmalleolusofthetibiaandthenavicular,talus,andcalcaneusbones.Thisligamentpreventsmedialdistraction(eversion)andexcessiverangeofmotion.Itissubdividedintofourparts:Tibionavicularpartattachesthemarginoftheplantarcalcaneonavicularligament(springligament).Tibiocalcanealpartattachestothesustentaculumtaliofthecalcaneusbone.Posteriortibiotalarpartattachestothemedialsideandmedialtubercleofthetalus.Anteriortibiotalarpartattachestothemedialsurfaceofthetalus.
59.Ansanephroniislinedby? a)Columnar b)Squamousepithelium c)Cuboidalandcolumnarepithelium d)Stratifiedsquamousepithelium CorrectAnswer-BBi.e.Squamousepithelium
60.Auerbachsplexusispresentinthe- a)Colon b)Esophagus c)Stomach d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-DAlloftheabove
61.Intercalateddiscispresentin: a)Cardiacmuscle b)Smoothmuscle c)Skeletalmuscle d)All CorrectAnswer-AA.i.e.Cardiacmuscle
62.Whichistrueaboutsynovialjoint? a)Stabilityisinverselyproportionaltomobility b)Hyalinecartilagecoversarticularsurfaceofallsynovialjoints. c)Metacarpo-phalangealjointisahingejoint d)"Cartilageusuallydividesthejointintotwocavities". CorrectAnswer-AAi.e.Stabilityisinverselyproportionaltomobility
63.Whatistheuppermoststructureinleft lunghilum? a)Pulmonaryartery b)Pulmonaryvein c)Bronchialartery d)Leftmainstembronchus CorrectAnswer-AAi.e.,PulmonaryarteryArrangementofstructuresinthehilumisasfollows-l.Anteriortoposterior(sameonbothside):-(i)Superiorpulmonary(ii)Pulmonaryartery,(iii)Bronchus2.Superiortoinferior-vein, a)Right:-(i)Eparterialbronchus(superiormost)'(ii)Pulmonaryartery,iii)Hlparterialbronchus,iv)Inferiorpulmonaryvein(inferiormost).b)Left:-(i)Puhnonaryartery(superiormost),(ii)Primary/Principalbronchus(iii)Inferiorpulmonaryvein(inferiormost)
64.Leveloflowerborderoflungatmid axillarylineis a)6thrib b)8thrib c)10thrib d)12thrib CorrectAnswer-BBi.e.8thrib
65.Trueaboutanatomyofrightventricle: a)TV&PVSharefibrouscontinuity b)Moreprominenttrabeculation c)CristasupraventricularisSeparateTricuspidvalve&Pulmonary valveandApextrabeculatedboth d)All CorrectAnswer-DAllCorrectRightventricleissituatedanteriorlyQ.Astheanterior(sternocostal)surfaceofheartconsistsmainlyofrightventricleQwithrightatriumonitsrightandanarrowstripofleftventricleleftborder.Thetipofleftauricularappendagepeepsoverthetoofthisborder.
66.Whichofthefollowingisnotsuppliedby theanteriordivisionofmandibularnerve(V3)? a)Temporalis b)Medialpterygoid c)Lateralpterygoid d)Masseter CorrectAnswer-BBi.e.MedialpterygoidTemporalis,messeterandlateralpterygoidmusclesQaresuppliedbyanteriordivisionofmandibularnervewhereasmedialpterygoidmuscleQissuppliedbythemaintrunkofmandibularnerve.
67.Nervesupplyofstapediusis: a)2ndnerve b)3rdnerve c)5thnerve d)7thnerve CorrectAnswer-DD.i.e.7thnerve
68.Smallmusclesofhandaresuppliedby: a)C3 b)C4 c)C6 d)C5-7,C-8toT1 CorrectAnswer-DAllsmallmusclesofhandi.e.thener,hypothenar,interossei&lumbricalsaresuppliedbymedianandulnarnerveswhichoriginatefromC5-7andC8andT1nerves.
69.Nervedamagedduetolunatedislocation (incarpaltunnel): a)Median&ulnar b)Median c)Ulnar d)Radial CorrectAnswer-BB.i.e.MediannerveCommoncausesofmediannervepalsyincarpaltunnelarecarpaltunnelsyndrome(mostcommon)andInnatedislocation.
70.Tibialnerveinjury/palsycauses: a)Dorsiflexionoffootatanklejoint b)Planterflexionofthefootatanklejoint c)Lossofsensationofdorsumoffoot d)Paralysisofmusclesofanteriorcompartmentofleg CorrectAnswer-AAi.e.Dorsiflexionoffootatanklejoint*Tibialnerve(thelargercomponentofsciaticnerve)suppliesallmusclesofposteriorcompartmentofleg(gastrocnemius,soleus,plantaris,popliteus,tibialisposterior,FHL&FDL)plantiflexingtheankle&foot.Therefore,tibialnerveinjuryresultsinlossofplanterflexionalongwithcalcaneo-valgusattitudeoffoot(iedorsiflexion&eversiond/tunopposedanteriorcompartmentmuscles).-Deepperoneal(fibular)nervesuppliesallanteriorlegcompartmentmuscles(tibialisanterior,EHL,EDL,EDB,PT)dorsiflexingtheankle&foot.-Soleissuppliedbymedial&lateralplantarandsuralbranchesoftibialnerveQanteriorly(frommedialtolateral)andcalcanealbranchesoftibialnerve0posteriorly(i.e.overheel).-ItthenpassesalonglateralsideoffootandlittletoeQsupplyingtheoverlyingskin.-Anterolateralaspectofleg,anddorsumoffootincluding2"-4thzvebspacesQaresuppliedbysuperficialperonealnerve.-Whereasdeepperoneal(fibular)nervesupplies1stwebspace(i.e.adjacentsidesofgreatandsecondtoes)Q
71.Apatientpresentswithdefective adductionofthehipjointandpainsinthehipandkneejoint.Whichnerveisinvolved a)Obturatornerve b)Femoralnerve c)Saphenousnerve d)Sciaticnerve CorrectAnswer-AA.i.e.ObturatornerveAdductorsofthigharemainlysuppliedbyobturatornerveQ.Adiseaseinhipjointmaycausereferredpaininknee&medialthighbecauseoftheircommonnervesupplybyobturatornerveQ.
72.Allthefollowingarecharacteristicsof oculomotornerveexcept: a)Carriesparasympatheticnervefibres b)Suppliesinferiorobliquemuscle c)Entersorbitthroughtheinferiororbitalfissure d)Causesconstrictionofpupil CorrectAnswer-CCi.e.EntersorbitthroughtheinferiororbitalfissureOculomotornerveentersorbitthroughthesuperiororbitalfissure.Thevisceralmotorcomponentcontrolsparasympatheticinnervation(nervesrelatedtoinvoluntaryactions)oftheciliarymusclesandconstrictorpapillae,aidinginaccommodationandpupillarylightreflexes.TheIIIcranialnervesuppliesallextraocularmusclesexceptLateralrectusandsuperiorobliquemuscle.
73.Lockingofkneejointcanbecausedby: a)OsgoodSchlatter b)Loosebodyinkneejoint c)Tuberculosisofknee d)aandbboth CorrectAnswer-DAns.is.d.aandbbothLockingofkneejoint(i.e.jointheldinflexion)isseeninmeniscustear,loosebody(d/tosteochondralfracture)andfracturesoftibialspineMechanismofLockingNormallythemedialmeniscusoratleastitsanteriormovableportionglidesslightlybackwardstowardstheinteriorofjointasthekneeisflexed.Ifthetibiaisatthesametimeabducted(valgus)andthemedialcompartmentofthekneethusopenedup,themobilityofthemeniscusisstillfurtherincreased.Suddenmedialrotationoffemuronthefixedtibiaforcesthemedialmeniscustowardsbackofjointandcausesmedialligamenttobecometautanditmayundergovarietyoftransverseorobliquetear.Theinnerfragmentslipsintotheinteriorofthejointandwhen,extensionisattemptedandthekneebeginstoscrewhome'thefragmentisnippedbetweenthecondylesandthejointis'locked'i.e.heldinflexion.
74.Primordialgermcellsarederivedfrom: a)Neuralcrest b)Genitalridge c)Somatopleuriticmesoderm d)Yolksac CorrectAnswer-DFormationofprimordialgermcellsStructuresderivedfromneuralcrestareneuronsofspinalposterior(dorsal)nerverootganglia,neuronsofsensorygangliaofthe5to10thcranialnerves,neuronsandsatellitecellsofsympatheticgangliaetc.Intheregionwheretestesistodevelop,thegerminalepitheliumgetsthickenedandisknownasgenitalridge.ThecellsofgerminalepitheliumproliferateandformssexcordswhichgetsconvertedintomedullarycordsandfinallygetscanalizedtoformseminiferoustubulesChorionisformedbytheparital/somatopleuricextraembryonicmesoderm(ontheinside)andtheoverlyingTrophoblastThecellsoftheovariesandthetestes,fromwhichgermcellsareformed,arebelievedtobesegregatedearlyinthelifeoftheembryo.
75.Ligamentumarteriosumisderivedfrom: a)Ductusarteriosus b)Ductusvenosus c)Ductusutriculosaccularis d)Ductusreunions CorrectAnswer-AAns.A:DuctusarteriosusTheductusarteriosusrepresentsthedistalportionofthesixthleftaorticarchandconnectstheleftpulmonaryarterytothebeginningofthedescendingaorta.Duringfetallife,bloodpassesthroughitfromthepulmonaryarterytotheaorta,thusbypassingthelungs.Afterbirth,itnormallyconstricts,latercloses,andbecomestheligamentumarteriosum.Apersistentpatentductusarteriosusresultsinhigh-pressureaorticbloodpassingintothepulmonaryartery,whichraisesthepressureinthepulmonarycirculation.Apatentductusarteriosusislifethreateningandshouldbeligatedanddividedsurgically.
76.Trigoneofurinarybladderdevelopsfrom: a)Mesoderm b)Ectoderm c)Endodermofurachus d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AWithdifferentialgrowthofthedorsalbladderwall,theureterscometoopenthroughthelateralanglesofthebladder,andthemesonephricductsopenclosetogetherinwhatwillbetheurethra.Thatpartofthedorsalbladderwallmarkedoffbytheopeningsofthesefourductsformsthetrigoneofthebladder.Thus,liningofthebladderoverthetrigoneismesodermalinorigin;Thesmoothmuscleofthebladderwallisderivedfromthesplanchnopleuricmesoderm.Theapexofthebladderiscontinuouswiththeallantois,whichnowbecomesobliteratedandformsafibrouscore,theurachus.TheurachuspersiststhroughoutlifeasaligamentthatrunsfromtheapexofthebladdertotheumbilicusandiscalledthemedianumbilicalligamentoLininingepitheliumofbladdermucosaistransitionalepithelium.Whenemptymucosaisthrownintorugaeexceptintrigone,wheremucosaissmoothandfirmlyadherent.ojustbeneaththemucosaoftrigonethereislayerofsmoothmuscle,TrtgonalmuscleofBellwhichreplacesthesubmucouscoatintrigonearea
77.Structurepassesthroughuppertriangular space: a)Profundabrachii b)Anteriorcircumflexhumeralartery c)Posteriorcircumflexhumeralartery d)Circumflexscapularartery CorrectAnswer-DUpperQuadrangularspaceIthasthefollowingboundaries:?theteresmajorinferiorly?thelongheadofthetricepslaterallyForthesuperiorborder,somesourceslisttheteresminor,whileotherslistthesubscapularis.Itcontainsthescapularcircumflexvessels.
78.NerverootsinvolvedinErb'spalsy: a)C5,C6 b)C6,C7 c)C7,C8,T1 d)C5,C6,C7,C8,T1 CorrectAnswer-AErb-DuchennePalsyUpperlesionsofthebrachialplexusareinjuriesresultingfromexcessivedisplacementoftheheadtotheoppositesideanddepressionoftheshoulderonthesameside.ThiscausesexcessivetractionoreventearingofC5andC6rootsoftheplexus.Itoccursinthenewbornduringadifficultdeliveryorinadultsafterablowtoorfallontheshoulder.Thesuprascapularnerve,thenervetothesubclavius,andthemusculocutaneousandaxillarynervesallpossessnervefibersderivedfromC5andC6rootsandwillthereforebefunctionless.Thefollowingmuscleswillconsequentlybeparalyzed:thesupraspinatus(abductoroftheshoulder)andinfraspinatus(lateralrotatoroftheshoulder);thesubclavius(depressestheclavicle);thebicepsbrachii(supinatoroftheforearm,flexoroftheelbow,weakflexoroftheshoulder)andthegreaterpartofthebrachialis(flexoroftheelbow)andthecoracobrachialis(flexestheshoulder);andthedeltoid(abductoroftheshoulder)andtheteresminor(lateralrotatoroftheshoulder).Thus,thelimbwillhanglimplybytheside,mediallyrotatedbytheunopposedsternocostalpartofthepectoralismajor;theforearmwillbepronatedbecauseoflossoftheactionofthebiceps.Thepositionoftheupperlimbinthisconditionhasbeenlikenedtothatofaporterorwaiterhintingforatip.Inaddition,therewillbea
thatofaporterorwaiterhintingforatip.Inaddition,therewillbealossofsensationdownthelateralsideofthearm.TreatmentThethreemostcommontreatmentsfromErb'sPalsyare:Nervetransfers(usuallyfromtheoppositeleg),subscapularisreleasesandlatissimusdorsitendontransfers.
79.Structurepassingdeeptoflexor retinaculumatwrist: a)Ulnarnerve b)Mediannerve c)Radialnerve d)Ulnarartery CorrectAnswer-BTheflexorretinaculumstretchesacrossthefrontofthewristandconvertstheconcaveanteriorsurfaceofthehandintoanosteofascialtunnel,thecarpaltunnel,forthepassageof:ThemediannerveFlexortendonsofthethumb(flexorpollicislongus)andfingers(flexordigitorumsuperficialisandprofundus).RadialandtheulnarbursaItisattachedmediallytothepisiformboneandthehookofthehamateandlaterallytothetubercleofthescaphoidandthetrapeziumbones.Theattachmenttothetrapeziumconsistsofsuperficialanddeeppartsandformsasynovial-linedtunnelforpassageofthetendonoftheflexorcarpiradialis.Thelowerborderisattachedtothepalmaraponeurosis.
80.Azygousveindrainsinto: a)Rightsubcostalvein b)Superiorvenacava c)Braciocephalic d)Rightascendinglumbarvein CorrectAnswer-BTheoriginoftheazygosveinisvariable.Itisoftenformedbytheunionoftherightascendinglumbarveinandtherightsubcostalvein.Itascendsthroughtheaorticopeninginthediaphragmontherightsideoftheaortatothelevelofthefifththoracicvertebra.Hereitarchesforwardabovetherootoftherightlungtoemptyintotheposteriorsurfaceofthesuperiorvenacava.Theazygosveinhasnumeroustributaries,includingthefifthtoeleventhrightposteriorintercostalveins,therightsuperiorintercostalvein,thehemiazygosandtheaccessoryhemiazygosveins,andnumerousesophageal,mediastinalandpericardialveins.
81.Archofaortabeginsandendsatwhich level: a)T2 b)T3 c)T4 d)T5 CorrectAnswer-CThearchoftheaorta(TransverseAorta)beginsattheleveloftheupperborderofthesecondsternocostalarticulationoftherightside,andrunsatfirstupward,backward,andtotheleftinfrontofthetrachea;itisthendirectedbackwardontheleftsideofthetracheaandfinallypassesdownwardontheleftsideofthebodyofthefourththoracicvertebra,atthelowerborderofwhichitbecomescontinuouswiththedescendingaorta.
82.Azygosveindrainsinto: a)Leftbrachiocephalicvein b)Inferiorvenacava c)Superiorvenacava d)Rightbrachiocephalicvein CorrectAnswer-CTheazygosveinendsbyjoiningtheposterioraspectofthesuperiorvenacavaTheAzygosVeinTheazygosveinconnectsthesuperiorandinferiorvenaecavae,eitherdirectlybyjoiningtheIVCorindirectlybythehemiazygosandaccessoryhemiazygosveins.Theazygosveindrainsbloodfromtheposteriorwallsofthethoraxandabdomen.ItascendsintheposteriormediastinumItiscoveredanteriorlybytheoesophagusasitpassesposteriortotherootoftherightlung.ItthenarchesoverthesuperioraspectofthisroottojointheSVC.Inadditiontotheposteriorintercostalveins,theazygosveincommunicateswiththevertebralvenousplexuses.Thisveinalsoreceivesthemediastinal,oesophageal,andbronchialveins.
83.VeinusedinbypassSurgery: a)Greatsaphenousvein b)Shortsaphenousvein c)Femoralvein d)Brachialvein CorrectAnswer-AInpatientswithocclusivecoronarydiseasecausedbyatherosclerosis,thediseasedarterialsegmentcanbebypassedbyinsertingagraftconsistingofaportionofthegreatsaphenousvein.Thevenoussegmentisreversedsothatitsvalvesdonotobstructthearterialflow.Followingremovalofthegreatsaphenousveinatthedonorsite,thesuperficialvenousbloodascendsthelowerlimbbypassingthroughperforatingveinsandenteringthedeepveins.Thegreatsaphenousveincanalsobeusedtobypassobstructionsofthebrachialorfemoralarteries.
84.Superficialinguinalringisadefectinthe: a)Internalobliqueaponeurosis b)Externalobliqueaponeurosis c)Transverseabdominisaponeurosis d)Internalobliquemuscle CorrectAnswer-BTheinguinalcanalisanobliquepassagethroughthelowerpartoftheanteriorabdominalwall.Thecanalisabout1.5in.(4cm)longintheadultandextendsfromthedeepinguinalring,aholeinthefasciatransversalis,downwardandmediallytothesuperficialinguinalring,aholeintheaponeurosisoftheexternalobliquemuscle.Inthemales,itallowsstructurestopasstoandfromthetestistotheabdomen.Infemalesitallowstheroundligamentoftheuterustopassfromtheuterustothelabiummajus.
85.Trueaboutfallopiantubesareallexcept: a)Linedbycuboidalepithelium b)Isthmusisthenarrowerpartofthetubethatlinkstotheuterus c)Tubalostiumisthepointwherethetubalcanalmeetsthe peritonealcavity d)MUllerianductsdevelopsinfemalesintotheFallopiantubes CorrectAnswer-AThetwouterinetubesareeachabout4in.(10cm)longandlieintheupperborderofthebroadligament.Eachconnectstheperitonealcavityintheregionoftheovarywiththecavityoftheuterus.Theuterinetubeisdividedintofourparts:Theinfundibulumisthefunnel-shapedlateralendthatprojectsbeyondthebroadligamentandoverliestheovary.Thetubalostiumisthepointwherethetubalcanalmeetstheperitonealcavity.Theampullaisthewidestpartofthetube.Theisthmusisthenarrowestpartofthetubeandliesjustlateraltotheuterus.Theintramuralpartisthesegmentthatpiercestheuterinewall.FunctionTheuterinetubereceivestheovumfromtheovaryandprovidesasitewherefertilizationoftheovumcantakeplace(usuallyintheampulla).TheinnermucousmembraneoftheuterinetubeislinedbytheciliatedcolumnarepitheliummixedwiththenonciliatedsecretorycellsorpegcellsTheMullerianductsdevelopsinfemalesintothefallopiantubes,uterusandvagina,whiletheWolffianductsdevelopsinmalesinto
uterusandvagina,whiletheWolffianductsdevelopsinmalesintotheepididymisandvasdeferens
86.Ovarianarteryisabranchof: a)Renalartery b)Internaliliacartery c)Abdominalpartoftheaorta d)Externaliliacartery CorrectAnswer-CTheovarianarteryarisesfromtheabdominalpartoftheaortaatthelevelofthefirstlumbarvertebra.Thearteryislongandslenderandpassesdownwardandlaterallybehindtheperitoneum.Itcrossestheexternaliliacarteryatthepelvicinletandentersthesuspensoryligamentoftheovary.Itthenpassesintothebroadligamentandenterstheovarybywayofthemesovarium.
87.Parotidductopensoppositeto: a)Upper1stmolar b)Upper2ndmolar c)Upper2ndpremolar d)Upper1stpremolar CorrectAnswer-BAns.B:Upper2ndmolar
88.Largestcranialnerveis: a)Trochlear b)Trigeminal c)Oculomotor d)Vagus CorrectAnswer-BTrigeminal Longestintracranialcourse Trochlearnerve Longestcourseoverallandmost Vagus widelydistributedSmallest(thinnest)cranialnerve Trochlearnerve Largest(thickest)cranialnerve Trigeminalnerve Theonlycranialnervearisingfrom TrochlearnervedorsalaspectOnlycranialnervedecussating Trochlearnerve completelybeforeemergingCranialnervemostcommonly Facialnerve involvedinbasalskullfractureCranialnervemostcommonlv Abducentnerve involvedinraisedintracranial tensionCommonestcranialnerveaffected Abducentnerve inspinalanaesthesiaCranialnervemostcommonly Oculomotornerve involvedinintracranialaneurysm Cranialnervescarrying 3,7,9,10
paraslrrnpatheticfibers
89.Nucleusambiguusisnotassociatedwith whichcranialnerve: a)X b)XI c)IX d)XII CorrectAnswer-DAns.D:XIINucleusAmbiguusFunction:*Motorinnervationofipsilateralmusclesofthesoftpalate,pharynx,larynxandupperesophagus.Pathway:*Axonsofmotorneuronsinthenucleusambiguuscoursewiththreecranialnerves:C.N.IX(glossopharyngeal),C.N.X(vagus),C.N.XI(therostralorcranialportionofspinalaccessory)toinnervatestriatedmusclesofthesoftpalate,pharynx,larynxandupperesophagus.Deficits:*Lesionofnucleusambiguusresultsinatrophy(lowermotorneuron)andparalysisofinnervatedmuscles,producingnasalspeech,dysphagia,dysphonia,anddeviationoftheuvulatowardtheoppositeside(strongside).*NoaffectionoftheSternocleidomastoidorTrapezius.Thesemusclesareinnervatedbycellsintherostralspinalcord(caudalportionC.N.XI).
90.
Whichofthefollowingisnotthepartofethmoidbone? a)Aggernasi b)Cristagalli c)Uncinateprocess d)Inferiorturbinate CorrectAnswer-DAns.d.InferiorturbinateInferiorturbinateisnotthepartofethmoidbone.`Lateralnasalwallhas3bonyprojectionscalledasturbinatesorconchae.Frombelowupwards,theyareinferior,middleandsuperiorturbinates.Theinferiorturbinateisaseparatebone,whilerestoftheturbinatesarepartofethmoidallabyrinths.'Theaggernasiaircells,arethemostanteriorethmoidalaircells,lyinganterolateralandinferiortothefrontoethmoidalrecessandanteriorandabovetheattachmentofthemiddleturbinate.Theyarelocatedwithinthelacrimalboneandthereforehaveaslateralrelationstheorbit,thelacrimalsacandthenasolacrimalduct.'Thecristagalliisamedianridgeofbonethatprojectsfromthecribriformplateoftheethmoidbone.Itiswherethefalxcerebriattachesanteriorlytotheskull.Theolfactorybulbslieoneithersideofthecristagalliontopofthecribriformplate.'Intheethmoidbone,acurvedlamina,theuncinateprocess,projectsdownwardandbackwardfromthispartofthelabyrinth;itformsasmallpartofthemedialwallofthemaxillarysinus,andarticulateswiththeethmoidalprocessoftheinferiornasalconcha.'
91.Meckel'scaveisrelatedto? a)Submandibularganglion b)Trigeminalganglion c)Oticganglion d)Pterygopalatineganglion CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,TrigeminalganglionTrigeminalganglion(Gasserionganglionorsemilunarganglion)liesinaduralpouch,thecavumtrigeminale(Meckel'scave).
92.Medullaoblongataisderivedfrom? a)Telencephalon b)Diencephalon c)Mesencephalon d)Myelencephalon CorrectAnswer-DAns.isdi.e.,MyelencephalonNervoussystemdevelopsfromectoderm(neuroectoderm).Nervoussystemdevelopsfromneuraltubewhichinturndevelopsbyprocessofneurulation,i.e.formationofneuralplateanditsinfoldingintoneuraltube.Structuresformedfromneuraltubeare:?A)Fromcranialpart(enlargedcephalicpart)Givesrisetobrain.Developmentalpartsare:i)Forebrain(prosencephalon)Telencephalon:Cerebralhemisphereandlateralventricle.Diencephalon:Opticcupandstalk(givesrisetoretina),pituitary,thalamus,hypothalamus,epithalamus,pinealgland,andthirdventricle.ii)Midbrain(mesencephalon)Cerebralaqueduct.iii)Hindbrain(rhombencephalon)Metencephalon:Cerebellum,ponsMyelencephalonMedullaoblongataB)FromcaudalpartGivesrisetospinalcord.
93.Morulaishowmanycelled- a)4 b)8 c)12 d)16 CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,16Atabout16cellsstagetheblastomerestightlyalignbytheprocessofcompactiontoformacompactballofcellscalledmorula(mulberry).Thisprocessofcompactionleadstosegregationofcellsintotwogroups: 1. Innercells(innercellmass)2. Outercells(outercellmass) Morulaentersuterinecavity4daysafterfertilization.
94.Anteriorinterosseousnerveisabranch of? a)Radialnerve b)Mediannerve c)Ulnarnerve d)Axillarynerve CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,MediannerveAnteriorinterosseousnerveisabranchofmediannerve.Anteriorinterosseousarteryisabranchofulnarartery.
95.Olecranonprocessofulnahelpsin formationof? a)Radialnotch b)Trochlearnotch c)Olecranonfossa d)Coronoidfossa. CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,TrochlearnotchInnersurfaceofolecranonprocessformstrochlearnotchforarticulationoftrochleaofhumerus.Radialnotchisseeninlateralpartofupperendofshaft(notonolecronon).Olecranonfossaandcoronoidfossaarepartoflowerendofhumerus.
96.Trueaboutcremastericreflex? a)Afferent:genitalbranchofgenitofemoralnerve b)Efferent:genitalbranchofgenitofermoralnerve c)Efferent:femoralbranchofgenitofemoralnerve d)Afferent:pudendalnerve CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Efferent:genitalbranchofgenitofemoralnerve
97.Longestspinousprocessisseenin? a)C2 b)C4 c)C5 d)C7 CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,C7CervicalVertebraeThereare7cervicalvertebraeofwhich3-6aretypicaland1st,2ndand7thareatypical.Characteristicfeaturesoftypicalcervicalvertebraare:- i. Foramentransversariumispresentinthetransverseprocess. ForaminatransversariaofCltoC6vertebraetransmitvertebralartery,vertebralveinandsympatheticplexus,andthatofC7transmitsonlyvertebralveins. ii. Bodyissmallandbroadtransversely(sidetoside). iii. Spinousprocessissmallandbifid. iv. Vertebralforamenislargeandtriangular. v. Superiorarticularfacetisdirectedbackwardsandupwards,and inferiorfacetisdirecteddownwardsandforwards.Articularprocessareplacedhorizontally,Sothatdislocationcanoccurwithoutfracture. vi. TheanteriortubercleontransverseprocessofC6vertebrais prominentandiscalledcarotidtubercleorchaissagnac'stubercle.Itisrelatedtocommoncarotidarterywhichcanbepalpatedagainstit.Erb'spointisoppositechassaignac'stubercle.Cricoidcartilageisatsamelevel(C6vertebra).
Importantfeaturesofatypicalvertebraeare:? 1. Firstcervicalvertebra(atlas)isringlikebonehavinglateralmasson eachsideconnectedbyasmalleranteriorarchandalargerposteriorarch.Anteriorarchhasafacetfordensofaxis.EachlateralmasshasanupperarticularfacetforoccipitalcondyleandlowerfacetforbodyofC2(axis)vertebra.Clvertebradoesnothavebodyandspinousprocess. 2. Secondcervicalvertebra(axis)ischaracterizedbypresenceof odontoidprocessordens,apeg-likeprojectionfromthebody. 3. Seventhcervicalvertebraiscalledasvertebraprominensbecauseit hasmostpromenentspinousprocesswhichisnotbifid.Foramentransversariumtransmitsonlyvertebralvein,notvertebralartery.
98.Malleusandincusarederivedfrom? a)1stArch b)2ndArch c)3rdArch d)4thArch CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,1stArchlst(mandibulararch):-MuscularContribution:-Musclesofmastication,Anteriorbellyofthedigastric,Mylohyoid,Tensortympani,Tensorvelipalatini.SkeletalContributions:-Maxilla,mandible(onlyasamodelformandible),Incusandmalleus,Meckel'scartilage,Ant.ligamentofmalleus,Sphenomandibularligament.Nerve:-Trigeminalnerve(V2andV3).Artery:-Maxillaryartery,externalcarotidartery.
99.Firstribisnotrelatedto? a)Sympatheticchain b)Scalenusanterior c)Suprapleuralmembrane d)T2Nerve CorrectAnswer-DAns.is`d'i.e.,T2NerveAnteriorly,theneckofthefirstribisrelatedto(frommedialtolateral):-(1)Sympatheticchain,(ii)Istposteriorintercostalvein,(iii)Supeiorintercostalartery,and(iv)1stthoracicnerve.Thesestructuresarebetweenneckoffirstrib(posteriorly)andapexoflung(anteriorly).Followingareattachedtofirstrib:-Scalenusanterior,scalenusmedius,subclavius,serratusanterior(lstdigitation),costo-clavicularligamentandsuprapleuralmembrane.
100.Opticcupisderivedfrom? a)Neuralectoderm b)Surfaceectoderm c)Mesoderm d)Neuralcrest CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Neuralectoderm
101.Pyramidalisissuppliedby? a)Subcostalnerve b)Ilioinguinalnerve c)Iliohypogastricnerve d)Genitofemoralnerve CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Subcostalnerve
102.Excretorysystemofkidneyisderived from? a)Uretericbud b)Mesonephros c)Metanephros d)None CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,MetanephrosDevelopmentofkidneyUretericbud(mesonephros)arisefrommesonephricductandgivesrisetocollectingsystemofkidney(renalpelvis,majorandminorcalyces,collectingtubule)andureter.Metanephricmesoderm(blastemaormetanephors)arisefromnephrogeniccordwhichinturnisderivedfromintermediatemesoderm.Itgivesrisetoexcretoryunit(nephron),i.e.glomeruli,PCT,LoopofhenleandDCT.
103.Derivativeofvitellinevein? a)IVC b)SVC c)Ligamentumvenosum d)Ligamentumteres CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,IVC
104.Sternochondraljointis? a)Primarycartilaginous b)Secondarycartilaginous c)Fibrous d)Synovial CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,PrimarycartilaginousCostochondral(sternochondral)jointsareprimarycartilaginousjoints.Cartilaginousjoints1)Primarycartilaginousjoints(synchondrosis,orhyalinecartilagejoint):Theseare:- i. Jointbetweenepiphysisanddiaphysisofagrowinglongbone,i.e. physis. ii. Spheno-occipitaljoint iii. 1stcostosternaljoint(1stchondrosternaljoint) iv. Costochondraljoints 2)Secondarycartilaginousjoints(Symphysesorfibrocartilaginousjoints):Theseare:- i. Symphysispubis ii. manubriosternaljoint iii. Symphysismenti iv. Sacroccygealjoint v. intervertebraldisc
105.Sweatglandnearthelidmargins a)Moll b)Zeis c)Meibomian d)Krause CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,MollGlandsofMoll(Moll'sgland)areapocrinesweatglandsjustnexttotheeyelashes.Zeisglandsaresebaceousglandsnearlidmargins.Meibomiangland(tarsalglands)arespecializedsebaceousglandattherimofeyelidsinsidethetarsalplate.Krause'sglandsareaccessorylacrimalglandsunderneaththeeyelid.
106.Anteriorlymphaticsfromthenosedrain into? a)Pretrachealnodes b)Submandibularnodes c)Sublingualnodes d)Superficialcervicalnodes CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,SubmandibularnodesSubmandibularnodesThesenodesliedeeptoinvestinglayerofdeepcervicalfasciainsubmandibulartriangle,betweenthedeepfasciaandsubmandibulargland.Thesenodesreceiveafferentsfromcentreofforehead;anteriorpartofnasalcavity;frontal,maxillaryandethmoidalairsinuses;innercanthus(medialangleofeye);wholeofupperlipandanteriorpartofcheekwithunderlyinggumandteeth;outerpartoflowerlipwithlowergumsandteethexcludingincisors;anteriortwothirdoftongueexcludingthetip;floorofmouth;andangleofmouth.Thesenodesalsoreceivesefferentsofsubmentalnodes.Submandibularnodesdraininto(efferent)upperandlowerdeepcervicalnodes.
107.
Appendicesepiploicaeisseeninallpartoflargeintestineexcept- a)Sigmoidcolon b)Ascendingcolon c)Caecum d)Transversecolon CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,CaecumSmallbagsofperitoneumfilledwithfat,calledappendicesepiploicaearepresentoverthesurfaceoflargeintestine,exceptforappendix,caecumandrectum.
108.Innervatedstructuresofjointsareall except? a)Synovium b)Capsule c)Articularcartilage d)Ligaments CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,ArticularcartilageCharacteristicfeaturesofarticularcartilage1)Hyalinecartilage2)Noinnervation(nonervesupply).3)Nobloodsupply(avascular).4)Nolymphatics5)Onlyhyalinecartilagewhichhasnoperichondrium.6)Noabilitytorepairorregenerateitself.
109.Nottrueaboutinferiorextensor retinaculum? a)Yshaped b)Superiorslipattachedtolowerendoffibula c)Inferiorslipattachedtodeepfasciaofsole d)Lateralattachedtocalcaneum CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,SuperiorslipattachedtothelowerendofthefibulaInferiorextensorretinaculumItisaY-shapedbandlyinginfrontoftheanklejoint.Attachments:-Thestemoftheinferiorextensorretinaculumisattachedtotheuppersurfaceofthecalcaneusinfrontofsulcuscalcanei.Passingmedially,thestemdividesintotwobands.Theupperbandpassesupwardsandmediallytobeattachedtotibialmalleolus.Thelowerbandextendsdownwardsandmediallytoblendwithplantaraponeurosis.Structurespassingdeeptoitare:1)Tibialisanteriortendon.2)Extensorhallucislongustendon.3)Dorsalispedisvessels.4)Thedeepperonealnerve.5)Extensordigitorumlongustendons.6)PeroneusTertiustendon.
110.Inferiorrectalarteryisabranchof? a)Inferiormesentericartery b)Superiormesentericartery c)Coeliactrunk d)Internalpudendalartery CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Internalpudendalartery
111.Superficialepigastricarteryisabranch of? a)Internalpudendalartery b)Externalpudendalartery c)Internaliliacartery d)Femoralartery CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,FemoralarteryBranchesoffemoralartery1)Superficial:-Superficialexternalpudendal,superficialepigastric,superficialcircumflexiliac.2)Deepbranches:-Profundafemoris,deepexternalpudendal,muscularbranches,descendinggenicularbranch(lastbranchintheadductorcanal).Note:Superiorepigastricarteryisabranchofinternalthoracicartery.
112.Inferiorepigastricveindrainsinto? a)Femoralvein b)Externaliliacvein c)Internaliliacvein d)Internalpudendalvein CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,ExternaliliacveinInferiorepigastricveindrainsintoExternaliliacvein.SuperiorepigasticveindrainsintoInternalthoracicvein.
113.Superiorrectalveindrainsinto? a)Inferiormesentericvein b)Externaliliacvein c)Internaliliacvein d)Internalpudendalvein CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,InferiormesentericveinSuperiorrectalveindrainsintoinferiormesentericvein.Inferiorrectalveindrainsintointernalpudendalvein.
114.Killian'sdehisenceisseenin? a)Oropharynx b)Nasopharynx c)Cricopharynx d)Vocalcords CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,CricopharynxInferiorconstrictormusclehastwoparts:-(i)Thyropharyngeouswithobliquefibres,and(ii)Cricopharyngeouswithtransversefibres.BetweenthesetwopartsofinferiorconstrictorexistsapotentialgapcalledKillan'sdehiscence.Itisalsocalledthegatewaytotearasperforationcanoccuratthissiteduringesophagoscopy.Itisalsothesiteforherniationofpharyngealmucosaincaseofpharyngealpouch.
115.Fossaincudisisrelatedto? a)Headofmalleus b)Longprocessofincus c)Shortprocessofincus d)Footprocessofstapes CorrectAnswer-CFossaincudiscontainsshortprocessofIncus.Headofmalleusisattachedtoepitympanumbyligamentofheadofmalleus.Longprocessofincusisattachedtoheadofstapes.Footplateofstapesliesoverovalwindow.
116.Unpairedlaryngealcartilage? a)Arytenoid b)Corniculate c)Cuneiform d)Epiglottis CorrectAnswer-DTheskeletalsupportsoflarynxisprovidedbySixcartilages,3outofwhicharepaired(sotherearetotal9cartilages).i)Unpaired:-Thyroid,cricoid,epiglottis.ii)Paired:-Arytenoid,Corniculate,cuneiform.
117.Whichistheonlynervewhichexitsthe brainstemondorsalside? a)Facial b)Trigeminal c)Trochlear d)Abducent CorrectAnswer-CUniquefeaturesoftrochlearnerveare:?i)Mostselendercranialnerve.ii)Onlycranialnervetoemergeonthedorsalaspectofbrain.iii)Onlycranialnervetoundergocompleteinternaldecussationbeforeemergingi.e.righttrochlearnervearisesfromlefttrochlearnucleusandviceversa.iv)Has'longestintracranialcourse(Vagusnervehasoveralllongestcourse).v)Thinnestcranialnerve(smallestnerveintermsofthenumberofaxonsitcontains).
118.Uretericbudarisesfrom? a)ParamesonephricDut b)Mullerianduct c)Mesonephricduct d)Mesonephrictubule CorrectAnswer-CGenitalductsystemDuring5thand6thweeks,bothmaleandfemaleshavetwogenitalductsystems,deriverdfrommesoderm: 1. Mesonephricduct(wolffianduct)andmesonephrictubules.2. Paramesonephricduct(Mullerianduct). Mesonephricductisthemaingenitalductinmalesasitgivesrisetomainlymalegenitalsystem:
119.Pisiformarticulateswith- a)Scaphoid b)Trapezium c)Triquetral d)Lunate CorrectAnswer-CTriquetral
120.Trueaboutpopliteusareallexcept? a)Flexorofknee b)Intracapsularorigin c)Suppliedbytibialnerve d)Causeslockingofknee CorrectAnswer-DPopliteusPopliteusisadeepmuscleofposteriorcompartmentofleg.Featuresofpopletiusare-OriginLateralsurfaceoflateralcondyleoffemur,originisintracapsular.Outermarginoflateralmeniscusofknee.InsertionPosteriorsurfaceofshaftoftibiaabovesolealline.NervesupplyTibialnerveActionUlockskneejointbylateralrotationoffemurontibiapriorflexion.Accessoryflexorofknee.
121.1stcarpometacarpaljointis? a)Pivot b)Hinge c)BallandSocket d)Saddle CorrectAnswer-DSaddle
122.Mostcommonlocationofaccessory spleen? a)Hilumofspleen b)Greateromentum c)Lesseromentum d)None CorrectAnswer-AAccessoryspleenmaybefoundat:-i)Hilumofspleen(mostcommonsite).ii)Tailofpancrease.iii)Derivativesofdorsalmesogastrium:-Greateromentum,gastrophrenicligament,gastrosplenicligament,linorenalligament.iv)Broadligamentofuterus(inmales)andspermaticcord(infemale);bothleftside.
123.Testisliesatdeepinguinalringupto? a)4months b)5months c)7months d)9months CorrectAnswer-CThetestesdevelopinrelationtothelumbarregionoftheposteriorabdominalwall.Duringfetallife,theygraduallydescendtothescrotum.Theyreachtheiliacfossaduringthirdmonth,andlieatthesiteofdeepinguinalringupto7monthofintrauterinelife.Theypassthroughinguinalcanalduringsevenmonth,andarenormallyinthescrotumbytheendofeighthmonth.
124.Nottrueaboutdevelopmentofovary? a)Developsingenitalridge b)Sexcordsarederivedfromcoelomicepithelium c)Oocytesaremesodermalinorigin d)Atbirthovarycontains2millionfollicles CorrectAnswer-CDevelopmentofovaryCoelomicepitheliumonmedialsideofthemesonephrosbecomesthickenedtoformgenitalridge,thesitewhereovarydevelops.Genitalridgeiscoveredbygerminalepithelium(previouscoelomicepithelium).Fromthesegerminalepithelium,cordsofcells(sexcordsormedullarycords)proliferateandgrowintotheunderlyingmesoderm.Primordialgermcellswhicharedevelopedfromendodermalcellsofhindgut(partofyolksac),migratetoregionofdevelopingovary(genitalridgearea)andgiverisetooocytes.Thesexcordsbecomebrokenupintosmallmasses.Thecellsofeachmasssurroundoneoocytetoformprimordialfollicle.Atbirtheachovarycontainsabout2millionprimaryfollicles.
125.Rootvalueofsupinatorjerk- a)C3C4 b)C4C5 c)C5C6 d)C8T1 CorrectAnswer-CC5C6
126.Trueregardingsemitendinosus? a)Suppliedbycommonperonealpartofsciaticnerve b)Proximalflashydistalthin c)Distalflashyproximalthin d)Proximalanddistalthinmiddlefleshy CorrectAnswer-DSemitendinosusisafusiform(spinadleshaped)muscleswithmainmassinmiddleofit.Itarisesinthintendonfromischialtuberosityandendsinalongtendontoinsertonmedialsurfaceofproximalpartoftibia.oItissuppliedbytibialpartofsciaticnerve.
127.Trueaboutbloodsupplyofscaphoid? a)Mainlythroughulnarartery b)Majorsupplyfromventralsurface c)Majorsupplyfromdorsalsurface d)Proximalsupplyinantegradefashion CorrectAnswer-CMajorbloodsupply(70-80%)ofscaphoidcomesthroughdorsalsurfaceviadorsalbranchesofradialartery.Thesedorsalvesselsenterthescaphoidatorjustdistaltowaistareaandsupplytheproximalpoleinretrogradefashion.
128.Whichofthefollowingdorsiflexesthe foot- a)Tibialisposterior b)Tibialisanterior c)Peroneusbrevis d)Extensordigitorumbrevis CorrectAnswer-BTibialisanterior
129.Bareareaofliverisrelatedto- a)Aorta b)Hepaticvein c)Portalvein d)Gallbladder CorrectAnswer-BHepaticveinBetweentwolayersofcoronaryligaments,thereisalargetriangularareaindiaphragmaticsurfaceofliverwhichisnotcoveredbyperitoneum.Itiscalled'bareareaofliver'.Itisrelatedtoinferiorvenacava(IVC).Thehepaticveins(usuallythree)leavetheliverinbarearea.Thisareaisclinicallyimportantasitisasitewhereinfectioncanspreadfromabdominalcavitytothoraciccavity.
130.Bloodsupplyofputamenincludesall except? a)Medialstriatearteries b)Lateralstriatearteries c)Anteriorchoroidalartery d)Posteriorcommunicatingartery CorrectAnswer-DBloodsupplyofbasalgangliaCaudatenucleusandputamenaresuppliedbylateralandmedialstriatebranchesofanterior,medialandposteriorcerebralarteries.Putamenreceivesadditionalsupplyfromanteriorchoroidalartery.oGlobuspallidusissuppliedbylateralstriateandanteriorchoroidalarteries.
131.Trueaboutnotochordareallexcept? a)Definesaxisofembryo b)Servesasprimaryinductor c)Derivedfromhypoblast d)Remainsasnucleuspulposus CorrectAnswer-CNotochordisabudlikestructureformedbyepiblastcellsextendingfromcranialendofprimitivestreaktocaudalendofprochordalplate,inbetweentheectodermandendoderm.Siginificancesofnotochordincludesfollowing:- i. Itdefinestheaxisofembryo. ii. Itfunctionsastheprimaryinductor,inducingtheoverlyingectoderm todevelopintoneuralplate(theprimordiumofCNS). iii. Itservesasthebasisfordevelopmentofaxialskeleton.The notochordisanintricatestructurearoundwhichvertebralcolumnisformedandindicatesfuturesiteofvertebralbodies.However,thenotochorddoesnotgiverisetovertebralcolumn,afterdevelopmentofvertebralbodies,thenotochorddegeneratesanddisappears,butpartsofitpersistasthenucleuspulposusofintervertebraldisc.
132.LengthofEustachiantube? a)12mm b)24mm c)36mm d)48mm CorrectAnswer-CLengthofEustachiantubeis36mm.(reachedbytheageof7years)Lateralthird(i.e.12mm)isbony.Medial2/3(i.e.24mm)isfibrocartilaginous.
133.Rightcoronaryarterysuppliesall, except? a)Anterior2/3ofventricularseptum b)SAnode c)AVnode d)LBB CorrectAnswer-ARightcoronaryarterysupplies*SAnode(in65%),*wholeconductingsystem(AVbundle,bundleofhis,partofleftbundlebranch)exceptRBBandpartofleftbranchofAVbundle,*posteriorpartofventricularseptum,*mostofrightventricleexceptsmallpartadjoininganteriorinterventriculargrooveandsmallpartofleftventricleadjoiningposteriorinterventriculargroove.Leftcoronaryarterysupplies*mostoftheleftatrium,*mostoftheleftventricleincludingapex,*smallpartofrightventricleodjoininganteriorinterventricularseptum,*anterior2/3ofventricularseptum,*RBB,LBB*SAnodein35%ofcases.
134.Bicipitalaponeurosisliesoverwhich structureincubitalfossa? a)Ulnarnerve b)Radialnerve c)Brachialartery d)Anteriorinterosseousartery CorrectAnswer-CBicipitalaponeurosispassessuperficialtothebrachialarteryandmediannerve.Itliesdeeptosuperficialveins.Duringvenipuncture,thebicipitalaponeurosisprovideslimitedprotectionforbrachialarteryandmediannerve.
135.Structureoverbicipitalaponeurosisin cubitalfossa? a)Ulnarnerve b)Radialnerve c)Brachialartery d)Veins CorrectAnswer-DVeins
136.
2ndpartofduodenumisderivedfrom? a)Foregut b)Midgut c)Bothforegut&midgut d)Hindgut CorrectAnswer-CBothforegut&midgut
137.Arterypiercingtheobliquepopliteal ligamentofknee- a)Superiorgenicular b)Inferiorgenicular c)Middlegenicular d)Popliteal CorrectAnswer-CMiddlegenicularObliquepoplitealligamentisanexpansionfromthetendonofsemimembranosusattachmenttointercondylarlineoffemur.Itiscloselyrelatedtopoplitealarteryandispiercedbymiddlegenicularvesselsandnerveandtheterminalpartoftheposteriordivisionoftheobturatornerve.
138.Trueaboutcircumcavalureter? a)Developmentalanomalyofureter b)UreterpassesinfrontofIVCfromlateraltomedial c)Mostlyinvolvesrightureter d)Type2ismorecommon CorrectAnswer-CCircumcaval(retrocaval)ureterresultsfromalteredvasculatureratherthanureteraldevelopment.Thus,preureteralvena-cavaismoreappropriateterm.ThisdisorderinvolvesrightureterwhichpassesbehindIVCwindingaboutandcrossesinfrontofitfrommedialtolateraldirection.Theanomalyisdividedintotwotypes:?1)Type1:Itismorecommonandhashydronephrosiswithatypicallyobstructingpatterndemonstratingsomedegreeoffish-hookshapeddeformityofureter.2)Type2:Ithaslesserdegreeofhydronephrosisornotatall.
139.Whichofthefollowingisa retroperitonealstructure? a)Ileum b)Jejunum c)Ureter d)Appendix CorrectAnswer-CUreter
140.Falciparumligamentcontains? a)Ligamentumvenosus b)Ligamentumteres c)Linorenalligament d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-BPeritonealligaments 1. Gastrosplenicligament:-Itextendsfromhilumofspleentogreater curvatureofstomach.Itcontainsshortgastricandleftgastroepiploicvessels. 2. Linorenalligament:-Itextendsfromhilumofspleentoanterior surfaceofleftkidney.Itcontainssplenicvesselsandtailofpancreas.Itdevelopsfromdorsalmesogastrium. 3. Gastrophrenicligament:-Itconnectsthegreatercurvatureof stomachtodiaphragm.Itdevelopsfromdorsalmesogastrium. 4. Phrenicocolicligament:-Itconnectsleftcolic(splenic)flexureto diaphragm.Itsupportstheanteriorborderofspleen. 5. Falciformligament:-Itdemarcatestherightandleftlobesofliver.It containsligamentumteres(remnantofleftumblicalvein)andparaumblicalvein.Itdevelopsofventralmesogastrium(ventralpart). 6. Coronaryligaments:-Itcontainssuperiorandinferiorlayerswhich connectlivertodiaphragm,andenclosesthetriangular'bareareaofliver'. 7. Triangularligaments(arightandaleft):-Theseconnectrightand leftlobesoflivertodiaphragm.Itdevelopsfromventralmesogastrium.
141.Parasympatheticsupplytolacrimal glandsarepassedthrough? a)Lesserpetorsalnerve b)Chordatympani c)Greaterpetorsalnerve d)Lingualnerve CorrectAnswer-CGreaterpetorsalnerve
142.
Anteriorpartofinterventricularseptumissuppliedby- a)Rightcoronaryartery b)Leftcoronaryartery c)Posteriordescendingcoronaryartery d)None CorrectAnswer-BAnterior2/3rdofseptumissuppliedbyLCAandposterior1/3rdisbyRCA
143.
Partofcolonwithnomesentery? a)Transversecolon b)Sigmoidcolon c)Ascendingcolon d)Rectum CorrectAnswer-CMesenteriesinintestine1)Mesenteryproper:-Mesenteryofsmallintestine(jejunumandileum)isfanshapeddoublelayeredperitonealfoldwhichsuspendsthecoilsofjejunumandileum.Mesenteryhas:?i)Attachedborder(rootofmesentery):-Itis15cmlongandextendsfromduodenojejunalflexure(onleftsideofL2)toupperpartofrightsacroiliacjoint.Rootofmesenterycrossesfollowingstructures:-(i)3rdpart(horizontalpart)ofduodenum,(ii)abdominalaorta,(iii)IVC,(iv)rightureter,and(v)rightpsoasmajor.ii)Freeborder(intestinalborder):-Itis6meterslongandisattachedtogutformingitsvisceralperitoneum(serouscoat).2)Transversemesocolon:-Itconnectstransversecolontoposteriorabdominalwallandcontainsmiddlecolicvessels.3)Mesoappendix:-Itconnectstheappendixtotheilealmesenteryandcontainsappendicularvessels.4)Sigmoidmesocolon:-Itconnectssigmoidcolontoposteriorpelvicwallandcontainssigmoidvessels.5)Mesorectum:Itcontainssuperiorrectalvessels(artery&veins)withtheirbranches,lymphaticvesselsandlymphnodesalong
withtheirbranches,lymphaticvesselsandlymphnodesalongsuperiorrectalartery,andbranchesfrominferiormesentericplexus.
144.Trueaboutrightprincipalbronchus? a)Narrower b)Horizontal c)Shorter d)Allaretrue CorrectAnswer-CFeaturesofrightbronchus(incomparisontoleftbronchus)1)Shorter2)Wider3)Vertical(inthelineoftrachea).
145.Stromaofcorneadevelopsfrom? a)Neuralectoderm b)Surfaceectoderm c)Mesoderm d)Neuralcrest CorrectAnswer-CCornealepitheliumdevelopsfromSurfaceectoderm.CornealstromadevelopsfromMesoderm.
146.Femalegenitaltractdevelopsfrom? a)Mesonephricduct b)Mesonephrictubules c)Mullerianduct d)None CorrectAnswer-CMesonephricduct(Wolffianduct)isthemaingenitalductinmalesasitgivesrisetomainlymalegenitalsystem.Paramesonephricduct(Mullerianduct)givesrisetomainlyfemalegenitaltract
147.Lateraldislocationofpatellaisprevented by? a)Rectusfemoris b)Vastusintermedius c)Vastuslateralis d)Vastusmedialis CorrectAnswer-DVastusmedialis
148.Onodicellsareseenin? a)Sphenoidsinus b)Maxillarysinus c)Anteriorethmoidalsinus d)Posteriorethmoidalsinus CorrectAnswer-DEthmoidalsinusesaredividedintotwogroups:A)Anteriorgroupi)AnteriorethmoidalaircellsAnteriorethmoidalaircellsdraininto-eithertheethmoidalinfundibulumorthefrontonasalduct.Someaircellsmayinvadetheorbitalfloor.TheseareknownastheHaller'cells.ii)MiddleethmoidalaircellsAlsoknownasbullarsinuses.Themiddleethmoidalaircellsdrain-intothemiddlemeatusbyoneormoreorificesonorabovetheethmoidalbulla.B)PosteriorgroupPosteriorethmoidalaircellsusuallydrain-intothesuperiormeatus.Theposteriorgroupliesveryclosetotheopticcanalandopticnerve.TheOnodicellisusuallyregardedasthemostposteriorethmoidcellthatpneumatizeslateralandsuperiortothesphenoidsinusandisintimatelyassociatedwiththeopticnerve.
149.Whichvalveispresentatopeningof nasolacrimalduct? a)Hasner'svalve b)Heistervalve c)Spiralvalve d)None CorrectAnswer-ANasolacrimalductopensintoinferiormeatusandisclosedbyamucosalflapcalledHasner'svalve.Heistervalve(spiralvalve)ispresentincycticduct.
150.Thoracicductisformedby? a)Unionofleftsubclavianandleftinternaljugularvein. b)Unionofbrachiocephalicveinandinternaljugularvein c)Continuationofupperendofcisternachyli d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-CThoracicductisalsocalledasPecquetduct.Itisthelargestlymphaticductinbody,about45cm(18inches)long.Ithasabeadedappearancebecauseofthepresenceofmanyvalvesinitslumen.ThoracicductbeginsasacontinuationoftheupperendofthecisternachylinearthelowerborderofT12vertebraandentersthethoraxthroughtheaorticopeningofdiaphragm(atT12).ItthenascendsthroughtheposteriormediastinumandatT5levelcrossesfromrightsidetotheleftsideandascendsalongleftmarginofoesophagustoentertheneck.AtthelevelofC7vertebrae,archestowardsleftsidetoopenintoleftbrachiocephalicveinattheangleofunionofleftsubclavianandleftinternaljugularveins.
151.Thoracicductopensinto? a)Subclavianvein b)Internaljugularvein c)Rightbrachiocephalicvein d)Leftbrachiocephalicvein CorrectAnswer-DLeftbrachiocephalicvein
152.Submucosalplexusis? a)Myentericplexus b)Auerbach'splexus c)Meissner'splexus d)Tympanicplexus CorrectAnswer-CInnervationofGITThegastrointestinaltracthasanervoussystemallitsowncalledtheentericnervoussystem.Itliesentirelyinthewallofthegut,beginingintheesophagusandextendingallthewaytotheanus.Theentericnervoussystemiscomposedmainlyoftwoplexus:-i)MyentericplexusorAuerbach'splexusii)Meissner'splexusorsubmucosalplexusExtrinsicnerves(Parasympatheticandsympathetic)areconnectedtobothmyentericandsubmucosalplexuses.Entericnervoussystemcanfunctionindependentlyoftheseextrinsicnervesandtheseextrinsicnervesonlymodifytheactivityoftheentericnervoussystem.Therefore,peristalsisispresenteveniftheintestineisdeprivedofextrinsicinnervation.ParasympatheticstimulationenhancesGImotilityandsecretionwhereassympatheticstimulationinhibitsmotilityandsecretions.
153.Femoralnervesuppliesallexcept? a)Pectineus b)Sartorius c)Vastusmedialis d)Obturatorexternus CorrectAnswer-DBranchesoffemoralnerveare:? 1. Fromthemaintrunk:-Nervesupplytoiliacus,nervesupplyto pectineusandafewvascularbranches. 2. Fromanteriordivision:-Intermediatefemoralcutaneousnerve (intermediatecutaneousnerveofthigh),medialfemoralcutaneousnerve(medialcutaneousnerveofthigh)andmuscularbranchtosartorius. 3. Fromposteiordivision:-Saphenousnerve,nervesupplyto quadricepsfemoris(rectusfemoris,vastusmedialis,vastuslateralis,vastusintermedius). 4. Articularsupply:-Hipjointissuppliedbynervetorectusfemoris; kneejointissuppliedbynervetothreevasti.
154.Cribriformplateforms? a)Roofofolfactoryregion b)Floorofolfactoryregion c)Nasalseptum d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-AInternalnoseInternalnosehasfollowingpartsi)Nasalcavityproper:-Internalnoseisdividedintorightandleftnasalcavitiesbynasalseptum.Eachnasalcavitycommunicateswiththeexteriorthroughnarisornostrilsandwithnasopharynxthroughposteriornasalapertureorposterior?taresorchoana.ii)Vestibuleofnose:-Anteriorandinferiorpartofthenasalcavityislinedbyskinandiscalledvestibuleofnose.Itcontainssebaceousglands,hairfolliclesandthehaircalledvibrissae.Eachnasalcavityhasalateralwall,amedialwall(nasalseptum),aroof,andafloor.Theolfactorymucosalinesupper1/3ofnasalcavityincludingtheroofformedbycribriformplate,andmedialandlateralwalluptothelevelofsuperiorconcha.
155.Dentalpapillagiveriseto? a)Enamel b)Dentalcuticle c)Toothpulp d)None CorrectAnswer-CRepeatfromprevioussessions.Seeexplanation-5ofsession-1
156.Trueaboutiliotibialtractallexcept? a)Receivesinsertionofgluteusmaximus b)Derivedfromfascialata c)Insertedonlateraltibialcondyle d)None CorrectAnswer-DIliotibialTractThefascialataisthickenedlaterallywhereitformsa5cmwidebandcalledtheiliotibialtract.Superiorlythetractsplitsintotwolaters.Thesuperficiallaminaisattachedtotubercleofiliaccrest,anddeeplaminatothecapsuleofhipjoint.Inferiorly,thetractisattachedtoasmoothareaonanteriorsurfaceofthelateralcondyleoftibia.Theimportanceoftheiliotibialtractisasfollows.a)Twoimportantmusclesareinsertedintoitsupperpart,betweenthesuperficialanddeeplaminae.Thesearethethree-fourthspartofthegluteusmaximus;andthetensorfasciaelatae.b)Theiliotibialtractstabilizesthekneebothinextensionandinpartialflexion;andis,therefore,usedconstantlyduringwalkingandrunning.
157.Falseaboutsternocleidomastoid? a)Arisesfromsternumandclavicle b)Insertesonmastoidprocess c)Motorsupplybyspinalaccessorynerve d)Tilttheheadonoppositeside CorrectAnswer-DSternocleidomastoidtsternomastoidlOrigin 1. The,sternalhead2. Theclavicularhead InsertionItisinserted: 1. Byathicktendonintothelateralsurfaceofmastoidprocess,fromits tiptosuperiorborder. 2. Byathinapponeurosisintothelateralhalfofthesuperiornuchalline oftheoccipitalbone.Nervesupply 3. Thespinalaccessorynerveprovidesthemotorsupply.Itpasses throughthemuscle. 4. BranchesfromtheventralramiofC2areproprioceptive. BloodsupplyArterialsupply-onebrancheachfromsuperiorthyroidarteryandsuprascapulararteryand,twobranchesfromtheoccipitalarterysupplythebigmuscle.Veinsfollowthearteries.Actions1.Whenonemusclecontracts:a)Itturnsthechintotheoppositeside.b)Itcanalsotilttheheadtowardstheshoulderofsameside.2.Whenbothmusclescontracttogether:
2.Whenbothmusclescontracttogether:a)Theydrawtheheadforwards,asineatingandinliftingtheheadfromapillow.b)Withthelonguscolli,theyflextheneckagainstresistance.c)Italsohelpsinforcedinspiration.
158.Falseregardingtrigoneofbladder? a)Linedbytransitionalepithelium b)Mucosasmoothandfirmlyadherent. c)Internalurethralorificeliesatlateralangleofbase d)Developedfrommesonephricduct CorrectAnswer-CTrigoneofbladderhasfollowingfeatures:1)Linedbytransitionalepithelium2)Mucosaissmoothandfirmlyadherent3)Uretersopenatlateralanglesofbaseandinternalurethralorificeliesatapex.4)HasTrigonalmuscleofbell(smoothmusclelayerjustbeneathmucosa).5)Derivedfromabsorbedpartofmesonephricduct(Wolffianduct).
159.Boundariesofquadrilateralspace includeallexcept? a)Teresmajor b)Longheadoftriceps c)Neckofhumerus d)Deltoid CorrectAnswer-DDeltoid
160.Laminapapyraceaisbetween? a)Opticnerveandorbit b)Maxillarysinusandorbit c)Ethmoidsinusandorbit d)Cranialcavityandorbit CorrectAnswer-CThethinnestportionofmedialwalloforbitisthelaminapapyraceawhichseparatesethmoidsinusesfromorbit.oInfectionfromethmoidalsinuscaneasilybreachthispaperthinboneandaffecttheorbitalcontents.
161.Glomuscellsarederivedfrom? a)Surfaceectoderm b)Neuroectoderm c)Mesoderm d)Endoderm CorrectAnswer-BGlomuscellsarederivedfromneuralcrestwhichitselfisderivativeofneuroectoderm.Otherderivatesofneuralcrestare?a)NeuralderivativesSensoryneuronsofspinaldorsalrootganglia.Sympatheticchaingangliaandplexus(celiac/preaortic/renalganglia,entericplexusinGIT,i.e.AuerbachsandMeissner's)ParasympatheticgangliaandplexusofGIT.Schwanncellsofperipheralnerves,satellitecellsofallganglia.Adrenalmedulla,chromaffincells,parafollicularC-cellsofthyroidgland.Melanocytesandmelanoblasts.b)MesenchymalderivativesDermalbonesofskull:Frontal,parietal,temporal,nasal,vomer,palatine,mandible,maxillae.Leptomeninges:arachnoidandpiamater(Durameterismesodermal).Dentineofteeth(odontoblasts).Eye:choroid,sclera,irisepithelium,pupillarymuscles(sphincteranddilatorpupillae,ciliarymuscles).Pharyngealarchcartilages.
Retinalpigmentedepithelium.Connectivetissuesofheadincludingdermis,tendon,ligaments.Bulbarandconalridgesofheart.
162.Axillaryarteryisdividedintothreeparts by? a)1strib b)Clavicle c)Pectoralisminormuscle d)Teresminormuscle CorrectAnswer-CAxillaryarteryItisthemainarteryofupperlimb.Itbeginsatthelevelofouterborderoffirstribasacontinuationofsubclavianartery.Itendsattheleveloflowerborderofteresmajortocontinueasbrachialartery.Theaxillaryarteryiscoveredanteriorlybypectoralisminor,whichdividesitintothreeparts:?1)Firstpart:-Thispartisproximaltoupperborderofpectoralisminor,i.e.extendsfromouterborderoffirstribtoupperborderofpectoralisminor.ThebranchoffirstpartisSuperiorthoracicartery.2)Secondpart:-Thispartisbehindpectoralisminor.Itgivesfollowingbranches.A)Thoracoacromialartery:-Itpiercesclavipectoralfosciaandgivesfollowingbranches:-(i)Acromial(ii)Pectoral,(iii)Clavicularanddeltoid.B)Lateralthoracicartery3)Thirdpart:-Thispartisdistaltolowerborderofpectoralisminor,i.e.extendsfrompectoralisminor(lowerborder)toteresmajor(lowerborder).Itgivesfollowingbranches?A)Subscapularartery:-Itgivesoffcircumflexscapulararteryand
thencontinuesusthoracodorsalartery.B)Anteriorcircumflexhumeralartery.C)Posteriorcircumflexhumeralartery.Anteriorandposteriorcircumflexarteries(botharebranchesof3rdpartofaxillaryartery)formsanastomosisaroundsurgicalneckofhumerus.
163.Tonguemusclewhichisnotdeveloped fromoccipitalmyotome? a)Styloglossus b)Hyoglossus c)Genioglossus d)Palatoglossus CorrectAnswer-DDEVELOPMENTOFTHETONGUE:?I.Epitheliuma)Ant2/3--lingualswellingsof1starchandtuberculumimparb)Post1/3--largedorsalpartofhypobranchialeminence,Le.3rdarchc)Posteriormostpart--smalldorsalpartofthehypobranchialeminence,i.e.4tharchII.MusclesFromoccipitalmyotomesexceptpalatoglossuswhichisderivedfromthe6tharch.
164.Korner'sseptumisseenin? a)Petrosquamoussuture b)Temporosquamoussuture c)Petromastoidsuture d)Frontozygomaticsuture CorrectAnswer-AMastoiddevelopsfromsquamousandpetrousbone.Korner'sseptumispersistenceofpetrosquamoussutureintheformofabonyplate.Korner'sseptumissurgicallyimportantasitmaycausedifficultyinlocatingtheantrumandthedeeper(ells,andthusleadtoincompleteremovalofdiseaseatmastoidectomy.MastoidantrumcannotbereachedunlesstheKornersseptumhasbeenremoved.
165.Falseabouttibia-fibulais? a)Nutrientarteryoftibiaisfromposteriortibialartery b)Nutrientarteryoffibulaisfromperonealartery c)Proximalendoftibiaisrelatedtocommonperonealnerve d)Tibiaisthemostcommonsiteofosteomyelitis CorrectAnswer-CCommonperonealnerveisrelatedtoneckoffibula(nottibia).Nutrientarteryoftibiaisabranchofposteriortibialartery.Nutrientarteryoffibulaisabranchofperonealartery.Tibiaisthecommonestsiteofosteomyelitis.
166.Posteriorwallofaxillaisformedby a)Pectoralismajor b)Pectoralismajor c)Subscapularis d)Intercostalmuscles CorrectAnswer-CAxilla(armpit)Theaxillaisapyramidalspacesituatedbetweentheupperpartofthearmandthechestwall.Itresemblesafoursidedpyramid,andhasfollowing:(i)anapex(ii)abase(iii)fourwalls(anterior,posterior,medialandlateral). 1. Anterior(pectoral)wall:-Formedby(i)Pectoralismajor,(ii) Pectoralisminor,and(iii)Subclavius.Thelattertwomusclesenclosedbyclavipectoralfascia. 2. Posterior(subscapular)wall:-Formedby(i)Subcapularis,(ii)Teres major,and(iii)Latissimusdorsi. 3. Medial(thoracic)wall:-Formedby(i)Upperfourribs(withtheir intercostalmuscles),and(ii)Upperpartofserratusanterior. 4. Lateral(humeral)wall:-Formedby(i)Upperpartofhumeruswith bicipitalgroovelodgingthetendonoflongheadofbiceps,and(ii)Corachobrachialisandshortheadofbiceps? 5. Base:-FormedbySkin,superficialfasciaanddeep(axillary)fascia. Itisdirecteddownwards.Apex:-Itisdirectedupwardsandmediallytowardstherootofneck.Itcommunicateswithsupraclaviculartriangleofneck,hencereferredtoasCervicoaxillarycanal.Itistriangularinshapeandisboundedanteriorlybyclavicle,posteriorlybyupperpartofscapulaandmediallybyouterborderoffirstrib.Theaxillaryarteryandbrachialplaxusentertheaxillathroughthiscanal.
plaxusentertheaxillathroughthiscanal.
167.Intracapsularbutextrasynovialis? a)Longheadoftriceps b)Longheadofbiceps c)Shortheadofbiceps d)Medialheadofbiceps CorrectAnswer-BOriginoflongheadofbicepsisintracapsularbutextrasynovial,enclosedbyaprolongationofsynovialmembraneofshoulderjoint.
168.Posteriorrelationofhilumoflung? a)Azygousvein b)SVC c)Vagusnerve d)Archofaorta CorrectAnswer-CVagusnerve
169.Whatistrueaboutchordatympani? a)Postganglionicsympathetic b)Preganglionicsympathetic c)Preganglionicparasympathetic d)Postgalglionicparasympathetic CorrectAnswer-CChordatympaniarisesfromintratemporalpart(infallopioncanal)offacialnerve.*Itcarriespreganglionicsecretomotorfibers(notpostganglionic)tosubmandibularandsublingualglands.*Itjoinslingualnerveininfratemporalfossa.*Itcarriestastesensationsfromanterior2/3oftongue.
170.Nephronisderivedfrom? a)Uretericbud b)Mesonephricduct c)Metanephros d)Mesonephros CorrectAnswer-CDevelopmentofkidneyUretericbud(mesonephros)arisefrommesonephricductandgivesrisetocollectingsystemofkidney(renalpelvis,majorandminorcalyces,collectingtubule)andureter.Metanephricmesoderm(blastemaormetanephors)arisefromnephrogeniccordwhichinturnisderivedfromintermediatemesoderm.Itgivesrisetoexcretoryunit(nephron),i.e.glomeruli,PCT,LoopofhenleandDCT.
171.Positionoftestisat24-28weeksof intrauterinelife? a)Inguinalcanal b)Lumbarregion c)Superficialinguinalring d)Deepinguinalring CorrectAnswer-DDeepinguinalring
172.Watershedzoneoflargeintestine? a)Cecum b)Ascendingcolon c)Rectosigmoid d)Transversecolon CorrectAnswer-CThereareareasofcolonwithpoorbloodsupplyresultingfromincompleteanastomosisofmarginalarteries.Thesearewatershedareasofcolonandinclude: 1. Splenicflexure(Griffithpoint):Watershedareabetweensuperior mesentericarteryandinferiormesentericartery. 2. Rectosigmoidjunction(Sudeck'spoint):Watershedzonebetween inferiormesentericarteryandinternaliliacartery.
173.Skinoverhypothenareminenceis suppliedby? a)Radialnerve b)Mediannerve c)Anteriorinterosseousnerve d)Ulnarnerve CorrectAnswer-DUlnarnerve
174.Cremastericarteryisabranchof? a)Internalpudendalartery b)Externalpudendalartery c)Inferiorepigastricartery d)Superiorepigastricartery CorrectAnswer-CInferiorepigastricartery
175.Ligamentextendingfromcervixand vaginatolateralpelvicwall? a)Broadligament b)Pubocervicalligament c)Roundligament d)Transversecervicalligament CorrectAnswer-DTransversecervicalligamentsofMackenrodtarefan-shapedcondensationofendopelvicfasciaoneachsideofcervixabovethelevatoraniandarounduterinevessels.Theyconnectlateralaspectofcervixanduppervaginalwalltolateralpelvicwall.Theyforma'hammock'thatsupportstheuterus.
176.Epitheliumofvaginaarisesfrom? a)Ectoderm b)Wolffianduct c)Mesoderm d)Mesonephricduct CorrectAnswer-CVaginaisderivedfromtwosources:- 1. Upper2/3rd:ItisderivedfromUtero-VaginalCanal,i.e.thefused partofparamesonephricduct.Therefore,thispartismesodermalinorigin. 2. Lower1/3rd:Itisderivedfromsinovaginalbulbwhichinturnis derivedfromurogenitalsinus.Thus,thispartisendodermalinorigin.
177.Notrelatedtohilumofrightlung? a)Azygousvein b)Vagusnerve c)SVC d)Archofaorta CorrectAnswer-DArchofaortaisrelatedtoleftlung.
178.Anterioraxillaryfoldisduetowhich muscle? a)Pectoralismajor b)Pectoralisminor c)Subscapularis d)Teresmajor CorrectAnswer-AAnterioraxillaryfoldisroundedinshapedandisformedbypectoralismajor(lowerborder).Posterioraxillaryfoldisformedbyteresmajorandlatisimusdorsi.
179.TrueaboutScarpa'sfascia? a)Deepfasciaofanteriorabdominalwall b)AlsocalledBuck'sfascia c)AttachedtoIliotibialtract d)Formssuspensoryligamentofpenis CorrectAnswer-DFasciaofanteriorabdominalwallA)SuperficialfasciaThesuperficialfasciaofanteriorabdominalwall(belowthelevelofumblicus)isdividedinto:Superficialfattylayer(fasciaofcamperorcamper'sfascia),anddeepmembraneuslayer(fasciaofscarpaorscarpa'sfascia).Thefattylayer(fasciaofcamper)iscontinuouswiththesuperficialfasciaofadjoiningpartofthebody.However,inthepenisitisdevoidoffatandinscrotumitisreplacedbydartosmuscle,i.e.,inscrotumdartosmuscleispresentinsteadoffattylayerofsuperficialfascia.B)DeepfasciaItispresentintheformofathinlayercoveringthemusclesandtheiraponeurosesandlargeneurovascularstructures.Atsuperficialinguinalringitcontinuesoverthespermaticcordasexternalspermaticfasciaintoscrotumandcontinueoverthepenisasdeepfasciaofpenis(Buck'sfascia).
180.SkeletalderivativeofIstarch? a)Stapes b)Hyoid c)Maxilla d)Laryngealcortilages CorrectAnswer-CMaxilla
181.WhichofthefollowingisderivedfromIst arch? a)Frontonasalprocess b)Maxillaryprocess c)Mandibularprocess d)Bothmaxillary&mandibularprocesses CorrectAnswer-DFaceisdevelopedfromfivefacialprimordiaappearasprominencesofmesenchyme:? 1. Onefrontonasalprocess:Beginsasaproliferationofmesenchyme onventralsurfaceofdevelopingbrain. 2. Twomaxillaryprocesses:Growoutfromtheupperendofeachfirst arch. 3. Twomandibularprocesses:Growfromeachfirstarch.
182.Woodruff'sareaislocatedat? a)Antero-inferiorpartofnasalseptum b)Posteroinferiorpartofnasalseptum c)Superiorpartofnasalseptum d)Posteroinferiorpartoflateralnasalwall CorrectAnswer-DPosteriorlyonthelateralnasalwallistheareaknownasWoodruff'sarea.Itissituatedundertheposteriorendofinferiorturbinate.Sphenopalatinearteryanastomoseswithposteriorpharyngealartery,inthisarea.
183.Scutumispresentinmiddleear? a)Roof b)Lateralwall c)Medialwall d)Floor CorrectAnswer-BLateralwall
184.Ovarianfossaisformedbyallexcept? a)Obliteratedumbilicalartery b)Internaliliacartery c)Ureter d)Roundligamentofovary CorrectAnswer-DEachovaryliesinovarianfossaonlateralpelvicwallwhichisbounded:? 1. Anteriorly:Obliteratedumbilicalartery2. Posteriorly:Ureterandinternaliliacartery
185.Appendicesepiploicaeisafeatureof? a)Duodenum b)Stomach c)Colon d)Jejunum CorrectAnswer-CCharacteristicfeaturesoflargeintestinei)3longitudinalbands,formedbylongitudinalmusclecoat,calledTaeniaecoli.ii)Sacculationorhaustrationiii)Fatfilledperitonealpouchescalledappendicesepiploicae.Thesearenotfoundinappendix,caecum,andrectum.iv)Greaterpartisfixedexceptforappendix,transversecolonandsigmoidcolon.v)Pyere'spatches(presentinsmallintestine)arenotpresent.
186.Nerveenteringtheinguinalcanal throughdeepinguinalring? a)Ilioinguinalnerve b)Pudendalnerve c)Genitalbranchofgenitofemoral d)Superiorrectalnerve CorrectAnswer-CThespermaticcordinmalesandroundligamentofuterusinfemales,entertheinguinalcanalthroughthedeepinguinalringandpassoutthroughsuperficialinguinalring.Thusconsituentsofspermaticcordarealsocomponentsofinguinalcanal;theseareductusdeferens(vasdeferens),testicularartery,cremestricartery,arterytoductusdeference,pampiniformplexus,lymphatics,sympatheticplexus,genitalbranchofgenitofemoralnerve,remainsofprocessvaginalis.Note:Ilioiguinalnerveentersinguinalcanalthroughintervalbetweenexternalandinternalobliquemuscles(notthroughdeepinguinalring).
187.Howmanylactiferousductsopenin nipple? a)0-10 b)15-20 c)25-50 d)50-75 CorrectAnswer-BThenippleispiercedby15-20lectiferousducts.
188.Opticcupgiveriseto? a)Lens b)Retina c)Cornea d)Sclera CorrectAnswer-BRetina
189.
Notapartofbonylabyrinth? a)Cochlea b)Vestibule c)Utricle d)Semicircularcanal CorrectAnswer-CTheinnerearwithinthepetrouspartoftemporalboneconsistsofamembranouslabyrinthenclosedinabony(osseous)labyrinth.So,innerearhastwoparts:?Bonylabyrinth:-Cochlea,Vestibule,Semicircularcanals.Membranouslabyrinth:-Cochlearduct,utricle,Saccules,threesemicircularducts,andendolymphaticduct&sac.
190.Lymphaticdrainageofthyroidglandis mainly? a)Sublingualnodes b)Submandibularnodes c)Deepcervicalnodes d)Submentalnodes CorrectAnswer-CLymphaticdrainageofthyroidLymphfromtheupperpartoftheglandreachestheupperdeepcervicallymphnodeseitherdirectlyorthroughtheprelaryngealnodes.Lymphfromthelowerpartoftheglanddrainstothelowerdeepcervicalnodesdirectly,andalsothroughthepretrachealandparatrachealnodes.
191.Hunter'scanalisseenin? a)Cubitalfossa b)Poplitealfossa c)Thigh d)Calf CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Thigh
192.Organofcortiissituatedin? a)Basilarmembrane b)Utricle c)Saccule d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AScalamedia(cochlearductormembranouslabyrinth)has3walls:-Thebasilarmembrane,whichsupportstheorganofcorti.TheReissner'smembranewhichseparatesitfromthescalavestibuli.Thestriavasculariswhichcontainsvascularepitheliumandisconcernedwithsecretionofendolymph.
193.Initially,renalarteriesarebranchesof? a)Internalpudendalartery b)Externaliliacartery c)Commoniliacartery d)Aorta CorrectAnswer-CDuetoascentofkidneysduringdevelopment,thebloodsupplyofkidneychanges:?1)Initiallywhenthekidneysareinpelvis,therenalarteriesarebranchesofcommoniliacarteries.2)Withprogressiveascent,thearteriestokidneysarederivedfromdifferentlevelsofaorta.
194.Inaneonate,kidneyissuppliedby? a)Internalpudendalartery b)Externaliliacartery c)Commoniliacartery d)Aorta CorrectAnswer-DUpto5thweekofintrauterinelife,kidneyisinlumbarregionandrenalarteriesarebranchesofcommoniliacartery(seeaboveexplanation).Afterthat,differentialgrowthofabdominalwallcausesthekidneytoascenttolumbarregion.Adultposition(lumbarregionofabdomen)isattainedby9thweek.Druingprogressiveascent,thearteriestokidneyarederivedfromdifferentlevelsofaorta.Afterfullascent,definitiverenalarteryisbranchofaortaat2ndlumbarsegment.Thus,neonatalkidneyissuppliedbyaorta.
195.Hassall'scorpusclesarefoundin? a)Lymphnodes b)Spleen c)Liver d)Thymus CorrectAnswer-DThedominantfeatureofmedullaofthymusisitsepithelialcomponents,whichareonionlikestructurescalledHassall'sCorpuscles,whichhaveanintenselyeosinophiliccoreofdeadmaterial,
196.Bronchopulmonarysegmentsinright andleftlungsrespectively? a)9,11 b)11,9 c)10,10 d)8,10 CorrectAnswer-CEachlunghas10bronchopulmonarysegments.
197.Vidiannerveisformedbyunionof? a)Superficialpetrosalnerveanddeeppetrosalnerve b)Greaterpetrosalnerveandsuperficialpetrosalnerve c)Greaterpetrosalnerveanddeeppetrosalnerve d)Greaterpetrosalnerveandexternalpetrosalnerve CorrectAnswer-CGreaterpetorsalnerveunitswithdeeppetrosalnervetoformnervetopterygoidcanal(alsocalledvidiannerve).
198.Structurerelatedtodeltopectoralgroove ? a)Axillaryartery b)Cephalicvein c)Baselicvein d)Radialnerve CorrectAnswer-BAns.isb'i.e.,CephalicveinDeltopectoralgrooveisagroovebetweendeltoidmuscleandpectoralismajormuscle.Itistraversedbycephalicvein
199.3rdand4thlumbrical(lateraltwo lumbricals)offootaresuppliedby? a)Medialplantarnerve b)Lateralplantarnerve c)Peronealnerve d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-BBehindthemedialmalleolus,beneaththeflexorretinaculumthetibialnervedividesintoitstwoterminalbranches:i)Medialplantarnerve:-Itcorrespondsapproximatelytothemediannerveinthehandasfarasskinandmusclesuppliesareconcerned.Itsuppliesmedialpartofsole,plantarsurfaceofmedial3rdAdigits,andinnervatesflexordigitorumbrevis,abductorhallucis,flexorhallucisbrevisandthefirstlumbrical.ii)Lateralplantarnerve:-Itcorrespodsapproximatelytotheulnarnerve.Itsuppliesthelateralpartofsole,plantarsurfaceoflateraldigitsandinnervatesflexordigitorumaccesorius,abductordigitiminimi,flexordigitiminimibrevis,adductorhallucis,allintcrosseiand2nd,3rd,4thlumbricals.
200.Whichofthefollowingisaderivativeof paramesonephricductinmales? a)Trigoneofbladder b)Paraphoron c)Prostaticutricle d)Gartner'sduct CorrectAnswer-CTwostructuresarederivedfromparamesonephricductinmales:- 1. Appendixoftestis(hydatidofmorgagni)2. Prostaticutricle.
201.Floorof4thventriclehas? a)Infundibulum b)Vagaltriangle c)Mammillarybody d)Tubercincrium CorrectAnswer-BFloorof4thventricle(Rhomboidfossa)Itisdiamondorrhomboidalshapedandisformedbyposteriorsurfaceofpons(uppertriangularpartorpontinepart)anddorsalsurfaceofmedulla(lowertriangularpartormedullarypart)junctionofponsandmedullaformsintermediatepart.Featuresof4thventricleare:? i. Mediansulcus(amidlinegroove)dividesthefloorintotwo symmetricalhalves. ii. Medialeminenceispresentaneachsideofmediansulcus.It presentsfacialcolliculusformedbygenu(recurvingfibers)offacialnerveloopingaroundabducentnucleus.Facialcolliculusliesinpons(i.e.inpontinepartoffloor). iii. Hypoglossaltriangleoverlyinghypoglossalnucleusandvagal triangleoverlyingdorsalnucleusofvagus.Bothofthesetrianglelieinthemedulla(medullarypartoffloor). iv. Vestibularareaoverliesvestibularnuclei,partlyinponsandpartlyin medulla. v. Sulcuscoeruleus,abluishareaduetopresenceofpigmented neuronscontainingsubstantiaferruginea. vi. Superiorandinferiorfavea.
202.Breastisa? a)Endocrinegland b)Modifiedsweatgland c)Modifiedsehaceousgland d)Holocrinegland CorrectAnswer-BBreastisamodifiedsweatgland.Itisapocrinetypeofsweatgland.
203.Nervewhichloopsaround submandibularduct? a)Mandibularnerve b)Lingualnerve c)Hypoglossalnerve d)Recurrentlaryngealnerve CorrectAnswer-BSubmandibularductItis5cmlongductandrunsforwardsonhyoglossus,betweenlingualandhypoglossalnerves.Attheanteriorborderofthehyoglossusmuscleitiscrossedbylingualnervewhichloopsaroundit.Itopensintothefloorofmouth,onthesummitofthesublingualpapillaatthesideoffrenulumoftongue.
204.AtthelevelofArchofaorta,the relationshipofleftvagusnerveandleftphrenicnerve? a)Phrenicnerveanterior,vagusnerveposterior b)Phrenicnerveposterior,vagusnerveanterior c)Bothinsameplaneanteroposteriorly d)Variableinrelationship CorrectAnswer-APhrenicnerveanterior,vagusnerveposterior
205.Pharyngealmusclesarederivedfrom whichpharyngealarch? a)1st b)2nd c)3rd d)5th CorrectAnswer-C3rd
206.Styloidprocessisderivedfrom? a)1starch b)2ndarch c)3rdarch d)4tharch CorrectAnswer-BStyloidprocessisderivedfrom2ndpharyngealarch.
207.Commoninterosseousarteryisabranch of- a)Brachialartery b)Radialartery c)Ulnarartery d)Profundabranchiiartery CorrectAnswer-CBranchesofulnararteryA)Incubitalfossa1)Anteriorulnarrecurrent:-Anastomoseswithinferiorulnarcollateralinfromofmedialepicondyle.2)Posteriorulnarrecurrent:-Anastomoseswithsuperiorulnarcollateralbehindmedialcpicondyle.3)Commoninterosseous:-Dividesintoi)Anteriorinterosseous:Itisthedeepestarteryoffrontofforearm.Itisaccompaniedbyanteriorinterosseousnerve(abranchofmediannerve).Itpiercesinterosseousmembraneatupperborderofpronatorquadratustoenterintoextensor(dorsal)compartment.Itsbranchesare:(a)muscularbranchesfordeepmusclesoffrontofforearm;(b)nutrientarterytoradiusandulna;and(c)medianartery.ii)Posteriorinterosseous:Nearitsorigin,itgivesofinterosseousrecurrentarterywhichendsbyanastomosingwithmiddlecollateralartery.B)Inforearm1)Palmarcarpalbranch2)DorsalcarpalbranchC)Inpalm:-Theseareterminalbranches.i)Deepbranch:-Completesthedeeppalmararchonmedialside
byjoiningtheterminalpartofradialartery.ii)Superficialbranch:-Formsthemajorpartofsuperficialpalmararch.
208.Hallercellsareseenin? a)Roofofnose b)Orbitalfloor c)Lateralnasalwall d)Maxillarysinus CorrectAnswer-BTheOnodiandHallercellsareethmoidalaircells.Someaircellsmayinvadetheorbitalfloor.TheseareknownastheHaller'cells.TheOnodicellisusuallyregardedasthemostposteriorethmoidcellthatpneumatizeslateralandsuperiortothesphenoidsinusandisintimatelyassociatedwiththeopticnerve.
209.Trueaboutclavicle? a)Endochondralossification b)Vertical c)Nomedullarycavity d)Rarelyfractures CorrectAnswer-CAns:C.)Nomedullarycavity.PeculiaritiesofClavicle:1.Ithasnomedullarycavity2.Itisthefirstbonetoossifyinthefetus(5th-6thweek)3.Itistheonlylongbonehaving2primarycentersofossification(othershaveonly1)4.Itistheonlylongbonethatossifiesinmembraneandnotincartilage5.Itistheonlylongbonelyinghorizontally6.Itisthemostcommonfracturedlongboneinthebody7.Itissubcutaneousthroughout
210.Secondaryossificationcenterforlower endoffemur? a)Presentatbirth b)Appearsat6monthsofage c)Appearsat1yearofage d)Appearsat5yearsofage CorrectAnswer-ASecondarycenteroflowerendoffemurappearsat9thmonthofintrauterinelife(presentatbirth).OssificationoffemurThefemurossifiesfromoneprimaryandfoursecondarycentres.Theprimarycentrefortheshaftappearsintheseventhweekofintrauterinelife.Thesecondarycentresappear,oneforthelowerendattheendoftheninthmonthofintrauterinelife,onefortheheadduringthefirstsixmonthsoflife,oneforthegreatertrochanterduringthefourthyear,andoneforthelessertrochanterduringthetwelfthyear.Therearethreeepiphysesattheupperendandoneepiphysisatthelowerend.Theupperepiphyses;lessertrochanter,greatertrochanterandhead,inthatorder,fusewiththeshaftatabouteighteenyears.Thelowerepiphysisfusesbythetwentiethyear.
211.Allarebranchesoflumbarplexus except? a)Iliohypogastricnerve b)Ilioinguinalnerve c)Obturatornerve d)Subcostalnerve CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Subcostalnerve
212.Externalobliqueformsallexcept? a)Lacunarligament b)Pectinealligament c)Conjointtendon d)Inguinalligament CorrectAnswer-CInguinalligament(Poupart'sligament)isthefoldedlowerborderofexternalobliqueaponeurosisLacunarligament(Gimbernatsligament)isthecrescentshapedexpansionfromthemedialendofinguinalligamentattachedtopectineallineofpubis.Pectinealligament(Cooper'sligament)isstrongfibrousbandextendinglaterallyfromthelacunarligamentalongpectineallineofpubis.Similartolacunarligament,itismadeofexternalobliqueaponeurosis.Reflectedpartofinguinalligamentextendsfromthelateralcrusofsuperficialinguinalringformedbyinguinalligamentupwardstolineaalba.Itformstheposteriorwallofinguinalcanal.Conjointtendon(falxinguinalis)isformedbytheaponeurosesofinternalobliqueandtransversusabdominismuscleandisattachedtopubiccrest.
213.Posteriortotransversepericardial sinus? a)Aorta b)Pulmonarytrunk c)SVC d)Leftatrium CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,SVCTransversesinusisashortpassagethatliesbetweenthereflectionofserouspericardium(epicardium)aroundarterial(aortaandpulmonarytrunk)andvenousendsofthehearttube.Transversesinusisboundedanteriorlybyascendingaortaandpulmonarytrunk,posteriorlybySVC,andinferiorlybyleftatrium.
214.Medullaissuppliedbyallexcept? a)Basilarartery b)Anteriorspinalartery c)Vertebralartery d)Posteriorcerebralartery CorrectAnswer-DPosteriorcerebralartery
215.Articularsurfaceofthesarumextends uptohowmanyvertebraeinmales? a)1to11/2 b)2to21/2 c)3to31/2 d)4to41/2 CorrectAnswer-CArticularsurfaceofsacrum:therougharticularsurfaceonthelateralaspectsofthesacrumthatarticulateswiththeiliumoneachside.
216.Lowerlimitofsacroiliacjointliesupto whichlevelinfemales? a)1to11/2 b)2to21/2 c)3to31/2 d)4to41/2 CorrectAnswer-B,2to21/2
217.Fibrinisdegradedby? a)Thrombin b)Fibrin c)Plasmin d)None CorrectAnswer-CCoagulationmustbebalancedwithfibrinolysistolimitthehemostaticplugtothesiteofinjury.Injuredvascularendotheliumsecretplasminogenactivatorthatconvertsinactiveplasminogentoactiveplasmin.Plasminbreaksdownfibrinresultinginproductionoffibrindegradationproducts.Fibrinolyticsystemisregulatedbyplasminogenactivatorinhibitors(PAIs)thataresecretedbyendothelium.
218.Whichisnotanextrapyramidaltract? a)Reticulospinaltract b)Rubrospinaltract c)Corticospinaltract d)Tectospinaltract CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Corticospinaltract
219.SensoryperceptioninvolvesBrodmann's area? a)3,1,2 b)4,6 c)44,45 d)41,42 CorrectAnswer-AAns.A.3,1,2Processingofgeneralsensoryinputsprimarilyoccursinprimarysomatosensoryareaofparietallobe.PrimarysomatosensoryareaisBrodmann'sarea3,1,2.
220.Gastricacidsecretionisstimulatedbyall except- a)Gastricdistension b)Gastrin c)Smelloffood d)Somatostatin CorrectAnswer-DTherearefollowingphasesofgastricacidsecretion:? 1. Thecephalicphase:-Justassalivarysecretionmaystartbefore foodentersthemouth,gastricsecretionisalsointitiatedbeforefoodentersthestomach.Sight,smelloreventhoughtoffoodstimulategastricacidsecretion.Itisbyparsympatheticsystemthroughvagus.Thisphaseaccountsfor20%ofacidsecretion. 2. Thegastricphase:-Thisphaseofacidsecretioncomesintoplay whenfoodmakescontactwiththegastricmucosa.Acidsecretioninthisphaseisbroughtabouttwofactors:-(i)Hormonalstimulationduetogastrinreleaseand(ii)Stretchofstomachwallduetogastricdistensionwhichactivatesavago-vagalreflexaswellasalocalintragastricreflex.Thisphaseaccountsfor72-80%ofacidsecretion. 3. Theintestinalphase:-Oncethefoodentersupperportionofsmall intestine(i.e.,duodenum)itcausessmallamountsofgastricjuicesecretionbecauseofgastrinreleasedfromdudenalmucosa.Whiletheintestinalphaseplayonlyaminorroleinstimulationofgastricsecretion,presenceoffoodintheintestineplaysamajorroleinitsinhibition.Withtheentryoffoodintotheduodenum,gastricsecretionstartsslowingdown.Thepresenceofacid,fats,andproductsofproteindigestion;andincreasedosmolarityintheduodenuminhibitgastricsecretionby:-(i)Hormonalmechanism:Thesementioned
stimulicausethereleaseofseveralintestinalhormoneslikesecretin,cholecystokinin(CCK),vasoactiveintestinalpeptide(VIP),gastricinhibitorpolypeptide(GIP)andsomatostatin.Theselocalhormonesinhibitthegastricsecretionaswellasgastricmotility.(ii)Neuralmechanism(enterogastricreflex):Theabovementionedstimuliinhibitgastricsecretionandmotilitybyintrinsicneuralreflex.
221.Hangman'sfractureisthefracture involvingwhichcervicalvertebra? a)C1 b)C2 c)C3 d)C4 CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,C2Hangman'sfractureisabilateralfractureoftheparsinterarticularisoftheaxis(C2)withatraumaticspondylolisthesisofaxis(C2)overtheC3vertebrae.ThusHangman'sfractureisnotsimplyafracture,butfracture-dislocationoftheaxis(C2).Themechanismofinjuryisanextensionwithdistraction(intrue,judicialhangman'sfracture)andhyper-extension,axialcompression&flexion(incivilianinjuries,whicharenowmorecommon).ItisthesecondmostcommontypeofAxis(C2)fracture,secondonlytoodontoidfractures.Fatalitiesarecommon,However,neurologicaldeficitisunusualasthefractureoftheposteriorarchdecompressesthespinalcord.Mostofthefatalitiesoccuratthesceneofinjury,acutepost-admissionmortalityislow.SuccessfulhealingofC2traumaticspondylolisthesisisreportedtoapproach95%.Thisismostcommonlyachievedwithnon-operativemeasures,eveninthepresenceofdisplacementofparsinter-articularis.
222.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotdirectly drainintorightatrium? a)Greatcardiacvein b)Anteriorcardiacvein c)Thebasianvein d)Venaecordisminimi CorrectAnswer-AAns.(A)GreatcardiacveinGreatcardiacveindoesnotdirectlydrainintorightatrium.Itdrainsintocoronarysinus,whichinturndrainsintorightatrium.VeinousdrainageofheartCoronarysinus:Opensintorightatriumandhasfollowingtributaries:(i)Greatcardiacvein,(ii)Middlecardiacvein,(iii)Posteriorveinofleftventricle,(iv)Smallcardiacvein,(v)Obliqueveinofleftatriumand(vi)Sometimesrightmarginalvein.Anteriorcardiacvein:Opensintorightatrium.Venaecardisminimi(thebasianveins):Alltheseareextremelysmallveinsinthewallsofallthe4chambersoftheheart.Theyopendirectlyintotherespectivechambers.They'remostnumerousintherightatrium.Rightmarginalvein:Moreoftenopensintorightatriumbutsometimesintocoronarysinus.
223.Gastrosplenicligamentcontains? a)Splenicvessels b)Tailofpancreas c)Shortgastricartery d)Portalvein CorrectAnswer-CShortgastricartery
224.WhereistheCaveofRetziuspresent? a)Betweenurinarybladderandrectum b)Betweenurinarybladderandcervix c)Infrontofthebladder d)Betweenthecervixandtherectum CorrectAnswer-CSpaceofRetziusisahorse-shoeshapedpotentialspacewhichintervenesbetweentheantero-lateralpelvicwallandthesidesofthebladderandprostate.
225.Incudomalleolarjointisa? a)Ellipsoidjoint b)Pivotjoint c)Hingejoint d)Saddlejoint CorrectAnswer-DSynovialjointsareclassifiedasfollows:1)Planesynovialjoints(flatjoints)2)Hingejoints(Ginglymusjointsorginglymi)3)Pivotortrochoidjoints4)Condylar(bicondylar)joints5)EllipsoidjointsNote:Metacarpophalangealjointsareellipsoidjointsfunctionally,butstructurallytheybelongtocondylarjoints.6)Saddle(sellar)jointsThearticularsurfacesarereciprocallysaddleshaped,i.e.concavo-convex.Examplesarefirst(thumb)carpometacarpaljoint,sternoclavicularjoint,calcaneocuboidjoint,incudomalleolarjoint(smallestsaddlejoint)andpatellofemoraljoint.7)Ballandsocket(spheroidal)joints
226.Rightborderofheartisformedby? a)Rightventricle b)Rightatrium c)SVC d)IVC CorrectAnswer-BAns.(B)RightatriumExternalfeaturesofheartThehearthasfollowingbordersandsurfaces:-A)BordersRightborder:-Formedbyrightatrium.Leftborder(obtusemargin):-Formedmainlybyleftventricleandpartlybyleftauricle(initsuppermostpart).Inferiorborder(acutemargin):-Formedmainlybyrightventricleandpartlybyleftventriclenearapex.Upperborder:-MainlybyleftatriumandpartlybyrightatriumwhereSVCenters.Apex:-Formedbyleftventricle.B)SurfacesAnterior(sternocostal)surface:-Formedmostlybyrightventricle(major)andrightauricleandpartlybyleftventricleandleftauricle.Inferior(diaphragmatic)surface:-Itisformedbyleftventricle(left2/3)andrightventricle(right1/3).Itistraversedbyposteriorinterventriculargroove(PIV)containingPIVbranchofRCA.
227.Whichleavesthepelvis? a)Piriformis b)Sciaticnerve c)Superiorglutealvessel d)Inferiorglutealvessel CorrectAnswer-BSciaticnerveleavesthepelvisandrunsposteriorlyinthethigh.Intheupperangleofpoplitealfossa,sciaticnervedividesintotibialnerveandcommonperonealnerve
228.StructuredevelopingfromMullerianduct inmales? a)Seminalvesicle b)Epididymis c)Prostaticutricle d)Ureter CorrectAnswer-CAns.(C)ProstaticutricleRemnantsofMullerianduct(paramesonephricduct)inmalesare:-Appendixoftestis(HydatidofMorgagni)Prostaticutricle.
229.Tributaryofcoronarysinus? a)Anteriorcardiacvein b)Thebesionvein c)Smallestcardiacvein d)Greatcardiacvein CorrectAnswer-DAns.(D)GreatcardiacveinCoronarysinusItopensintheposteriorwallofrightatrium,intheposteriorpartofcoronarysulcus.ItopensintherightatriumbetweenIVCandtricuspidorifices.CoronarysinusisguardedbyThebesianvalve(Thebesianvalve(incompletesemilunarvalve)guardstheorificeofcoronarysinus.)Tributariesofcoronarysinusare:Greatcardiacvein:-Liesintheanteriorinterventriculargroove.Leftmarginalveindrainsintoit.Middlecardiacvein:-Liesintheposteriorinterventriculargroove.Posteriorveinofleftventricle.Smallcardiacvein:-ItliesintheposteriorpartofcoronarysulcuswithRCA.Rightmarginnalveinmaysometimesopenintosmallcardiacvein,moreoften,however,rightmarginalveinopensdirectlyintorightatrium.Obliqueveinofleftatrium(veinofmarshall):-ItiscontinuousabovewithligamentofIVC.Thesetwostructuresareembryologicalremnantsofleftcommoncardinalvein(ductofcuvier).
230.Wristdropisduetoinjuryto? a)Radialnerve b)Ulnarnerve c)Mediannerve d)Posteriorinterosseousnerve CorrectAnswer-AAns.(A)RadialnerveClinicalfeaturesofradialnervepalsyClinicalfeaturesdependuponthesiteoflesion.1)IflesionishighWristdrop,thumbdropandfingerdrop.Inabilitytoextendelbow,wrist,thumb&fingers(MPjoint)Patientcanextendinterphalangealjointsduetoactionoflumbricalsandinterossei.Sensorylossoverposteriorsurfaceofarm&forearmandlowerlateralhalfofforearm.2)Iflesionislowa)TypeIWristdrop,thumbdropandfingerdrop.Elbowextensionispreserved.Sensorylossoverthedorsumoffirstwebspace.b)TypeIIThumbdropandfingerdropElbowandwristextensionispreservedSensorylossoverthedorsumoffirstwebspace.
231.Allaretrueaboutshortsaphenousvein except? a)Runsbehindlateralmalleolus b)Runsonlateralsideofleg c)Accompaniedbysuralnerve d)Achillistendonismedialtovein CorrectAnswer-BShortsaphanousveinrunsintheback(posteriorly)ofleg(notlaterally).Itentersthebackoflegbypassingbehindthelateralmalleolusandisaccompaniedbysuralnerve.Inlegitascendslateraltotendocalcaneous(tendoachillis).Thustendoachillisismedialtovein.
232.Nervesuplyofcremastricmuscle? a)Pudendalnerve b)Femoralbranchofgenitofemoral c)Genitalbranchofgenitofemoralnerve d)Ilioinguinalnerve CorrectAnswer-CGenitalbranchofgenitofemoralnerveCremastricmuscleisamuscleofscrotum.Itissuppliedbygenitalbranchofgenitofemoralnerve.
233.Trigoneofbladderisderivedfrom? a)Mesonephricduct b)Paramesonephricduct c)Absorbedanalmembrane d)Mullerianduct CorrectAnswer-AMesonephricduct
234.Bartholinglandsituatedin? a)Superficialperinealpouch b)Deepperinealpouch c)Inguinalcanal d)Ischiorecalfossa CorrectAnswer-ASuperficialperinealpouch
235.VasaVasorumofascendingaortaarises from? a)Leftcoronaryartery b)Anteriorinterventricularartery c)Posteriorinterventricularartery d)Leftatrium CorrectAnswer-AClinicalanatomy"Bothcoronaryarteriessupplyvasavasorumofascendingaorta""Coronaryarteriesarevasavasorumofascendingaorta"Vasavasorumofascendingaortaandarchofaortaarisefrom:Coronaryarteries(attheirostia).Brachiocephalictrunk.Bronchialartery.Vasavasorumofdescendingaortaarisefrom':Intercostalarteries(thoracicpart).Lumbarandmesentericarteries(abdominalpart).
236.Middlemeningealarterypassesthrough ? a)Foramenovale b)Foramenlacerum c)Foramenrotundum d)Foramenspinosum CorrectAnswer-DForamenspinosum
237.Structurewhichliesoutsidethefemoral sheath a)Femoralartery b)Femoralnerve c)Femoralvein d)Genitofemoralnerve CorrectAnswer-BFemoralnerveFemoralsheathFemoralsheathisafunnelshapedfascialprolongationaroundproximalpartoffemoralvessels,situatedinthefemoraltriangle,belowtheinguinalligament.Itis3-4cmlong.Itisformedbyfasciailiaca.Femoralsheathisdividedinto3separatefascialcompartementsbysepta:?Lateralcompartment:-Itcontainsfemoralarteryandfemoralbranchofgenitofemoralnerve.Intermediatecompartment:-Femoralvein.Medialcompartment(femoralcanal):-Itisconicalinshape,wideraboveadnnarrowbelow.Thewiderupperopeningisknownasfemoralring,whichispotentiallyaweakpointinlowerabdomenandisthesiteforfemoralhernia.Femoralringisbounded:Anteriorlybyinguinalligament,mediallybylacunarligament,posteriorlybypectineuswithitscoveringfascia,andlaterallybyseptumseparatingitfromfemoralvein.FemoralcanalcontainslymphnodeofcloquetorRosenmullerandlymphatics.
238.Lateralborderofischeorectalfossais formedby? a)Gluteusmaximus b)Perinealmembrane c)Pelvicdiaphram d)Obturatorinternus CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,ObturatorinternusBoundriesofischeoanal(ischeorectal)fossaare:-Anteriorly:-Posteriorborderofperinealmembrane.Posteriorly:-Gluteusmaximusmuscle,sacrotuberousligament.Laterally:-Ischialtuberosityandobturatorinternus.Medially:-Sphincteraniexternus(externalanalsphincter)andpelvicdiaphragm(levatorani).
239.Superiorglutealnervedoesnotsupply? a)Tensorfasciaelatae b)Gluteusmedius c)Gluteusminimus d)Gluteusmaximus CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,GluteusmaximusNervesupplyingmusclesofglutealregionare:-Inferiorglutealnerve:Gluteusmaximus.Superiorglutealnerve:Gluteusmediusandminimus.Nervetopiriformis:PiriformisNervetoobturatorinternus:Obturatorinternus,Gemellussuperior.Nervetoquadratusfemoris:Quadratusfemoris,Gemellusinferior.Tensorfascialataeissuppliedbysuperiorglutealnerve.
240.MuscleofArmwithadditionalsupinator action? a)Brachialis b)Biceps c)Coracobrachialis d)Triceps CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Biceps
241.Lymphaticdrainageofovary? a)Deepinguinal b)Superficialinguinal c)Obturator d)Paraaortic CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Para-aorticLymphaticsoftheovarydraintopara-aorticnodesalongsidetheoriginoftheovarianartery(L2).
242.
Analvalveisfoundinwhichpartofanalcanal? a)Upper b)Middle c)Lower d)Atanus CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Upper
243.Whichmuscleisinsertedintothefloorof theintertubercularsulcusofthehumerus? a)Latissimusdorsi b)Teresmajor c)Pectoralismajor d)Deltoid CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,LatissimusdorsiTheshaftofhumerusiscylindricalintheupperhalfandtriangularoncross-sectioninthelowerhalf.Theupperparthasintertubercularsulcus(bicipitalgroove)anteriorly.Bicipitalgroovecontainslongheadofbicepswithitssynovialsheathandanascendingbranchofanteriorcircumflexhumeralartery.Middlethirdofposteriorsurfaceofshaftofthehumerushasaspiralgroove(radialgroove)whichcontainsradialnerveandprofundabrachivessels.Attachmenttoshaftsare?*Insertionsofpectoralismajor(onlaterallipofbicipitalgroove),latissimusdorsi(onfloorofbicipitalgroove),teresmajor(ondeltoidtuberosity)andcoracobrachialis(mediallyonmidshaft).*Originofbrachialis(anteriorsurface);Lateralandmedialheadoftriceps(posteriorsurface);pronaterteres(frommedialsupracondylarridge);brachioradialis(fromlateralsupracondylarridge)andECRL(fromlateralsupracondylarridge).
244.Ventralpancreaticductgiveriseto? a)Body b)Tail c)Neck d)Uncinateprocess CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,UncinateprocessDevelopmentofpancreasPancreasisdevelopedfromthetwopancreaticbuds. 1. Dorsalpancreaticbud:-Itislargerandmostofthepancreasis derivedfromiti.e.mostofthehead,andwholeneck,body&tail. 2. Ventralpancreaticbud:-Itissmallerandformslowerpartofthe headofpancreasincludinguncinateprocess.During7thweekofdevelopment,theventralanddorsalpancreaticbudsfusetoformasinglepancreaticmass.Afterthefusionofventralanddorsalpancreaticbuds,theirductsdevelopcrosscommunications.Finalductsystemisformedasbelow? 1. Mainpancreaticduct(Ductofwirsung)isformedbytheductof ventralbud,distalpartofductofdorsalbudandanobliquecommunicationbetweenthetwo.Themainpancreaticductjointhebileducttoformhepatopancreaticampullathatentersth2ndpartofduodenumatmajorduodenalpapilla. 2. Accessorypancreaticductisformedbytheproximalpartoftheduct ofdorsalbud.Itopensinto2ndpartofduodenumatminorduodenalpapilla,2cmproximal(cranial)tomajorduodenalpapilla.Anomaliesofpancreaticdevelopmentmaybe: 1. Annularpancreas:-Twocomponentsoftheventralbudfailtofuse
andgrowinoppsitedirectionarroundtheduodenumandmeetthedorsalpancreaticduct. 2. Pancreaticdivisum(dividedpancreas):-Ventralanddorsalbudsfail tofusewitheachother.Itisthemostcommoncongenitalanomalyofpancreas. 3. Inversionofpancreaticduct:-Themainpancreaticductisformedby theductofdorsalbud,i.e.accessoryductislargerthanthemainductandthemaindrainageofpancreasisthroughtheminorduodenalpapilla. 4. Accessorypancreatictissue:-Maybefoundin? Wallofstomach,duodenum,jejunumorileum.Meckel'sdiverticulum.
245.Allarederivedfromneuralcrestexcept? a)Adrenalmedulla b)Pigmentcellinskin c)Cornealstroma d)Retinalpigmentedepithelium CorrectAnswer-DAns.is`d'i.e.,RetinalpigmentedepitheliumDerivativesofneuroectoderm1.Fromneuraltube:CNS(brain,spinalcord),astrocytes,oligodendrocytes,ependymalcells,retina,pinealgland,neurohypophysis(posteriorpituitary),allcranialandspinalmotornerves.2.Fromneuralcrest:Neuralcrestderivativesare:?3.Neuralderivatives*Sensoryneuronsof5th,7th,8th,9th,10thcranialnerveganglia(trigeminal,geniculate,sphenopalatine,submandibular,cochlear,vestibular,oticandvagalparasympatheticganglia).*Sensoryneuronsofspinaldorsalrootganglia.*Sympatheticchaingangliaandplexus(celiac/preaortic/renalganglia,entericplexusinGIT,i.e.AuerbachsandMeissner's)*ParasympatheticgangliaandplexusofGIT.*Schwanncellsofperipheralnerves,satellitecellsofallganglia.*Adrenalmedulla,chromaffincells,parafollicularC-cellsofthyroidgland.*Melanocytesandmelanoblasts.
246.Trueaboutatrioventriculargrooveareall except? a)Containsleftanteriordescendingcoronaryartery b)Alsocalledcoronarysulcus c)Containsrightcoronaryartery d)Containscircumflexbranchofleftcoronaryartery CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,ContainsleftanteriordescendingcoronaryarteryGrooves(sulci)ofheartA)AtrioventriculargrooveAtriaareseparatedbyventriclesbyatrioventricularSulcus(atrioventriculargroove,alsocalledcoronarysulcus).Itisdividedintoanteriorandposteriorparts.Therighthalfofanteriorpartislargeandlodgesrightcoronaryartery.Lefthalfofanteriorpartissmallandlodgescircumflexbranchofleftcoronaryartery.B)InterventriculargroovesRightandleftventriclesareseparatedbyinterventriculargrooves.Anteriorinterventriculargrooveisnearertoleftmarginofheartandcontainsanteriorinterventricularartery(alsocalledleftanteriordescendingartery).Posteriorinterventriculargrooveissituatedondiaphragmatic(inferior)surface.Itcontainsposteriorinterventricularartery(continuationofRCA).
247.Intercostalnerveisabranchof? a)Brachialplexus b)Dorsalramiofthoracicspinalnerves c)Ventralramiofthoracicspinalnerves d)Ventralramiofcervicalspinalnerves CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,VentralramiofthoracicspinalnervesVentralramiofupper11ththoracicspinalnervesareknownasintercostalnervesandventralramusofT12isknownassubcostalnerve.Uppersixintercostalnervessupplythoracicwallwhereaslowerfiveintercostalnervesandsubcostalnervesupplythoracicandanteriorabdominalwallsandhenceknownasthoracoabdominalnerves.Uppertwointercostalnervesalsosupplytheupperlimb.Thusonly3rdto6tharecalledtypicalintercostalnerves.
248.
Allaretrueabout1stpartofduodenum,except? a)5cmlong b)Issuperiorpart c)Developsfromforegut d)Suppliedbysuperiormesentericartery CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,SuppliedbysuperiormesentericarteryDuodenumDuodenumis'C'shaped,shortest,widestandmostfixedpartofsmallintestine.Itis25cmlong.Itisdevoidofmesentery.Mostoftheduodenumisretroperitonealandfixed,exceptatitstwoendswhereitissuspendedbyfoldsofperitoneum,andisthereforemobile.DuodenumliesoppositeLl,L2andL3vertebrae.DuodenumisC-shapedcurvewhichenclosestheheadofpancreasandissubdividedintofourparts:1.Firstpart(Superiorpart):Itis5cm(2inches)long.Itbeginsatthepylorusandmeetthesecondpartatsuperiorduodenalflexure.Thispartappearsasduodenalcaponbariumstudies.2.Secondpart(Descendingpart):Itisabout7.5cm(3inches)long.Itisverticalpartwhichbeginsatsuperiorduodenalflexureandmeetthethirdpartatinferiorduodenalflexure.Theinteriorofsecondpartofduodenumshowsfollowingfeatures:i)Majorduodenalpapilla:Itispresent8-10cmdistaltothepylorus.ThehepatopancreaticampullaorampullaofVater(jointpartofbileductandpancreaticduct)openshere.ii)Minorduodenalpapilla:Itispresent6-8cmdistaltothepylorus.Accessorypancreaticductopenshere.
3.Thirdpart(Horizonalpart):Itis10cm(4inches)long.ItbeginsatinferiorduodenalflexureandpassestowardstheleftinfrontofIVCbehindsuperiormesentericvesselsandrootofmesenterytomeet4thpartofduodenum.Fourthpart:Itis2-5cm(1inches)longandrunsupwardimmediatelytotheleftofaorta.Itendsatduodenojejunalflexurebyjoiningthejejunum.ArterialsupplyThepartofduodenumbeforetheopeningofbileduct(majorduodenalpapilla)developsfromforegutandthereforeissuppliedbycoeliactrunkthroughsuperiorpancreaticoduodenalartery,abranchofgastroduodenalartery,whichintrunisabranchofcommonhepaticartery.Partofduodenumdistaltoopeningofbileductisdevelopedfrommidgutandthereforeissuppliedbysuperiormesentericarterythroughinferiorpancreaticoduodenalartery.Firstpartofduodenumreceivesadditionalsupplyfromrightgastricartery,supraduodenalartery(abranchofcommonhapaticartery),retroduodenalbranchofgastrodudenalarteryandrightgastropiploicartery.
249.Whichofthefollowingisaderivativeof ventralmesogastrium? a)Greateromentum b)Gastrosplenicligament c)Linorenalligament d)Lesseromentum CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Lesseromentum
250.Numberofvertebraeisusuallyconstant in a)Cervical b)Thoracic c)Lumbar d)Sacral CorrectAnswer-AAns.a.CervicalAuthorpleaseprovide*IllustratedEncyclopediaofHumanAnatomicVariation:OpusV:SkeletalSystems:Vertebralcolumn;NumericalVariationinVertebralColumnbyRonaldA.Bergman,PhD;AdelK.Afifi,MD,MS;RyosukeMiyauchi,MD.*Theusualgroupingformulaof7cervical,12thoracic,5lumbar,5sacral,and4coccygealvertebraeisfoundinonlyabout*ThecervicalregionisreportedtobethemostconstantQ,thecoccygealthemostvariable20%ofindividualsstudied.*Thenumberofelementsofthevertebralcolumnhasbeenreportedtovarybetween32and35.Additiontoagroupisfrequentlyseen,whichoccursthroughthereductioninnumberofvertebraeofanadjacentgroup,thetotalnumberbeing*Thelocationofsuchavertebraispredominatelyattheendsofthecolumnandatthelevelsoftransitionbetweenitsregions.Thus,sacralizationofthefifthlumbar,lumbar-likearticularprocessesintheelevenththoracic,andthoraciccostalfacetsontheseventhcervicalareobserved.*unchanged.Inthisvariation,thevertebraaddedisusuallyintermediateinformbetweentheadjacentgroups.*Thelevelsoftransitionmaybeshiftedcephalad,resultingin23
mobilevertebrae,orshiftedcaudad,resultingin25presacralvertebrae.Suchvariationsmayoccurin2-11%ofthepopulation*Thenumberofvertebraecomprisingthesacrummaybeincreasedtosix,resultingfromthefusionofthefirstcoccygeal(50%inwhites,30%inNegroes)or,lessoften,ofthelastlumbar(sacralization)(8%inwhites,11%inNegroes);oritmaybeincreasedtoseven,resultingfromthefusionofthefirstcoccygealandthelastlumbar(4%inwhites,1.5%inNegroes).Thenumbermaybereducedtofour,apparentlybythelumbarizationofthefirstsacral(0.4%inwhites,1.5%inNegroes).Numberofvertebrae*Mostconstant:Cervicalregion?*Mostvariable:coccygealregion?
251.Whichofthefollowingstructuresseenin thecavernoussinus? a)MaxillarydivisionofVnerve b)MandibulardivisionofVnerve c)Internalcarotidartery d)Facialnerve CorrectAnswer-CAns.c.InternalcarotidarteryContentsofthecavernoussinusStructuresinthelateralwallofthesinusOculomotor(lll)nerveTrochlear(lV)nerveOphthalmic(1stdivisionofV)nerveTrigeminalganglionInternalcarotidarteryAbducent(Vl)nerve
252.Valveofheisterisseenin a)Cysticduct b)Commonbileduct c)Commonhepaticduct d)Pancreaticduct CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,CysticductThemucousmembraneofthecysticductformsaseriesof5-12crescenticfolds,arrangedspirallytoformthesocalledspiralvalveofHeister.Thisisnotatruevalve.AlsoknowHartmannspouch-dilatedposteromedialwallofneckofgallbladder.Sphinctercholedochus-alwayspresent-terminalpartofbileductSphincterpancreaticus-usuallypresent-terminalpartofpancreaticductSphincterampullae(ofOddi)-surroundsthehepatopancreaticampulla
253.Eustachiantubeopensinmiddleearin? a)Floor b)Anteriorwall c)Superiorwall d)Posteriorwall CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,AnteriorwallThemiddleearisshapedlikeacube.Whenseeninthecoronalsection,thecavityofthemiddleearisbiconcave.Theboundariesofthemiddleearareasfollows:1.RoofortegmentalwallSeparatesthemiddleearfromthemiddlecranialcavity.Itisformedbyathinplateofbonecalledtegmentympani.2.FloororjugularwallFormedbyathinplateofbonewhichseparatesthemiddleearfromthesuperiorbulboftheinternaljugularvein.Theflooralsopresentsthetympaniccanaliculuswhichtransmitsthetympanicbranchoftheglossopharyngealnerve.3.AnteriororcarotidwallTheuppermostpartbearstheopeningofthecanalofthetensortympani.Themiddleparthastheopeningoftheauditorytube.Theinferiorpartofthewallisformedbyathinplateofbonewhichformstheposteriorwallofthecarotidcanal.Thisplateseparatesthemiddleearfromtheinternalcarotidartery.4.PosteriorormastoidwallSuperiorly,istheaditusthroughwhichtheepitympanicrecess
communicateswiththemastoidantrum.Belowitisthefossaincudiswhichlodgestheshortprocessoftheincus.Belowitisthepyramidgivingattachmenttothetendonofstapedius.Verticalpartofthefacialcanalforfacialnerve5.LateralormembranouswallTympanicmembranealongwiththetympanicringandsulcus.6.MedialorlabrynthinewallPromontory-roundedbulgeproducedbythefirstturnofthecochlea.Ovalwindow-itisposterosuperiortothepromontory.Itisclosedbythefootplateofthestapes.Horizontalpartofthefacialcanal-runsjustabovetheovalwindow.Roundwindow-posteroinferiortothepromontory.Itisclosedbythesecondarytympanicmembrane.Processuscochleariformis-formsapulleyforthetendonofthetensortympani.Prominenceofthelateralsemicircularcanal-abovethefacialcanal.
254.
Whichofthefollowingisrelatedtomediastinalpartofrightlung? a)Archofaorta b)SVC c)Pulmonarytrunk d)Leftventricle CorrectAnswer-BAns.is"b.''i.e.,SVC
255.Esophagusispresentinallexcept? a)Superiormediastinum b)Middlemediastinum c)Anteriormediastinum d)Posteriormediastinum CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,AnteriormediastinumEsophagusmainlydescendsinsuperiorandposteriormediastinum.Esophagusisusuallynotacontentofmiddlemediastinum,butitformsposteriorboundryofmiddlemediastinum(BDCVol.-1,6`"/ep.246).Esophagushasnorelationtoanteriormediastinum.Thus,amongthegivenoptions,bestanswerisanteriormediastinum.
256.Skeletalderivativeof2?'pharyngealarch - a)Malleus b)Incus c)Stapes d)Maxilla CorrectAnswer-CAns.is`c'i.e.,Stapes
257.Clavipectoralfasciaisderivedfrom whichligament? a)Coracoacromial b)Coracoclavicular c)Costoclavicular d)Costocoracoid CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Costocoracoid
258.Nervesupplyoflarynxabovelevelof vocalcord a)Superiorlaryngeal b)Recurrentlaryngeal c)Glossopharyngeal d)Externallaryngeal CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,SuperiorlaryngealNervesupplyoflarynxThemaincranialnerveinnervatingthelarynxisthevagusnerveviaitsbranches;superiorlaryngealnerve(SLN)andrecurrentlaryngealnerve(RLN).SensorysupplyoflarynxAbovethelevelofvocalcords,larynxissuppliedbyinternallaryngealnerve,abranchofsuperiorlaryngealnerve.Belowthevocalcord,larynxissuppliedbyrecurrentlaryngealnerve.MotorsupplyoflarynxAlltheintrinsicmusclesoflarynxaresuppliedbyrecurrentlaryngealnerveexceptforcricothyroidmuscle.Cricothyroidissuppliedbyexternallaryngealnerve,abranchofsuperiorlaryngealnerve.
259.Rootvalueofthoracodorsalnerve? a)C5,C6,C7 b)C8,T1 c)C6,C7,C8 d)TiT2 CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,C6C7C8BranchesofbrachialplexusBranchesofbrachialplexusarisesfromdifferentanatomicalsegments:-1.BranchesoftherootsNervetoserratusanterior(longthoracicnerve)(C5,C6,C7).Nervetorhomboideus(dorsalscapularnerve)(C5).2.BranchesofthetrunksTheseariseonlyfromtheuppertrunkwhichgivestwobranches.I.Suprascapularnerve(C5,C6)Nervetosubclavius(C5,C6)3.Branchesofthecords1.BranchesoflateralcordLateralpectoral(C5-C7)Musculocutaneous(C5-C7)Lateralrootofmedian(C5-C7)2.BranchesofmedialcordMedialpectoral(C8,T1)Medialcutaneousnerveofarm(C8,TOMedialcutaneousnerveofforearm(C8,Ti).
Ulnar(C7,C8,Ti).C7fibresreachbyacommunicatingbranchfromlateralrootofmediannerve.Medialrootofmedian(C8,T1).3.BranchesofposteriorcordUppersubscapular(C5,C6)Nervetolatissimusdorsi(thoracodorsal)(C6,C7,COLowersubscapular(C5,C6)Axillary(circumflex)(C5,C6)Radial(C5-C8,T1)
260.LengthofPosteriorvaginalwallis a)Variable b)Sameasanteriorvaginalwall c)Lessthananteriorvaginalwall d)Morethananteriorvaginalwall CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,MorethananteriorvaginalwallVaginaThevaginaisafibromuscular,canalformingthefemalecopulatoryorgan.Itextendsfromvulvatouterus.Mucousmembraneislinedbynonkeratinizedstratifiedsquamousepithelium.Theanteriorwallisabout8cmlongandtheposteriorwallisabout10cmlong.Thelumeniscircularattheupperendbecauseoftheprotrusionofthecervixintoit.Belowthecervix,anteriorandposteriorwallsareincontact.Theinterioroftheupperendofthevagina(orvaginalvault)isintheformofacirculargroovethatsurroundstheprotrudngcervix.Thegroovebecomesprogressivelydeeperformbeforebackwardsandisarbitrarilydividedintofourpartscalledthevaginalfornices:Anteriorfornixliesinfrontofthecervixandisshallowest.Posteriorfornixliesbehindthecervixandisdeepest.Twolateralforniceslieoneoneachsideofthecervix.Lateralfornixisrelatedtothetransversecervicalligamentofpelvicfasciainwhichareembeddedanetworkofvaginalveinandtheuretergetscrossedbytheuterineartery.
RelationsofvaginaAnteriorwallUpperhalfisrelatedtothebaseofthebladder.Lowerhalftotheurethra.PosteriorwallUpperone-fourthisseparatedfromtherectumbytherectouterinepouch.Middletwo-fourthsareseparatedfromtherectumbylooseconnectivetissue.Lowerone-fourthsisseparatedfromtheanalcanalbytheperinealbodyandthemusclesattachedtoit.LateralwallsOneeachside:Upperone-thirdisrelatedtothetransversecervicalligamentofpelvicfasciainwhichareembeddedanetworkofvaginalveins,andtheuretergetscrossedbytheuterineartery.Middleone-thirdisrelatedthepubococcygeuspartofthelevatorani.Lowerone-thirdpiercestheperinealmembrane,belowwhichitisrelatedtothebulbofthevestibule,thebulbospongiosusandtheductofgreatervestibularglandofbartholin.ArterialsupplyVaginalbranchofinternaliliac(mainsupply)Cervicovaginalbranchofuterineartery(inupperpart).Middlerectalandinternalpudendalarteries(inlowerpart).
261.Whichlymphnodesdrainuppervagina& cervix? a)Paraaortic b)Externaliliac c)Superioringuinal d)Deepinguinal CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,ExternaliliacThelymphaticsfromthecervixdrainintotheexternaliliac,internaliliacandsacralnodes.LymphaticDrainageofuterus:Fundusandupperbody-aorticnodesandsuperficialinguinalnodesLowerbody-externaliliacnodesCervix-externaliliac,internaliliacandsacralnodes.LymphaticdrainageofVagina:Upper1/3-externaliliacnodesMiddle1/3-internaliliacnodesLower1/3-superficialinguinalnodes
262.Posteriorsurfaceofheartisformedby- a)RA b)LA c)LV d)RV CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b>a'i.e.,LA>RASurfacesoftheheart 1. Anterior(sternocostal)surface:-Formedmostlybyrightventricle (major)andrightauricleandpartlybyleftventricleandleftauricle. 2. Inferior(diaphragmatic)surface:-Itisformedbyleftventricle(left 2/3)andrightventricle(right1/3).Itistraversedbyposteriorinterventriculargroove(PIV)containingPIVbranchofRCA. 3. Base(posteriorsurface):-Formedmainlybyleftatriumandpartly byrightatrium.ItisseparatedfromT5toT,vertebraebypericardium,obliquepericardialsinus,esophagusanddescendingthoracicaorta. 4. Rightsurface:-Mainlybyrightatrium.5. Leftsurface:-Mainlybyleftventricleandpartlybyleftauricle.
263.Largestbranchofbrachialplexusis a)Ulnar b)Medial c)Radial d)Axillary CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,RadialRadialnerveisthelargestbranchofbrachialplexusandisthecontinuationofposteriorcord(rootvalueC5_8T1).
264.Whichmuscleoflarynxisnotsupplied byrecurrentlaryngealnerve? a)Vocalis b)Thyroarytenoid c)Cricothyroid d)Interarytenoid CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,CricothyroidAllintrinsicmusclesaresuppliedbythereccurrentlaryngealnerveexceptcricothyroidwhichissuppliedbytheexternallaryngealnerve
265.Allareinfraclavicularbranchesof brachialplexusexcept? a)Ulnarnerve b)Longthoracicnerve c)Axillarynerve d)Thoracodorsalnerve CorrectAnswer-BAns.is`b'i.e.,Longthoracicnerve
266.
Asurgeonremovesapartoflivertoleftoffalciparumligament,whichsegmentofliverisremoved? a)1&4 b)2&3 c)1&4 d)1&3 CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,2&3
267.Esophagusispresentinwhich mediastinum? a)Anterior b)Posterior c)Middle d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Posterior
268.Posteriortosternumis? a)Leftatrium b)Leftventricle c)Rightatrium d)Rightventricle CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,RightventricleNormally,mostoftheanteriorportionofrightventricleisincontactwithsternum.Itisforthisreasonthatsternalandparasternalinjurycommonlyresultsinrightvantricularinjury.
269.Locationoftestisishigheron? a)Rightside b)Leftside c)Maybeonrightorleftside d)Samelevelonbothsides CorrectAnswer-AAns.ARightRighttestisislocatedatahigherpositionthanleft.
270.Distalendofhumerousdevelopsfrom howmanycentres? a)2 b)5 c)3 d)4 CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,4PartofhumerusOssificationShaftOneprimarycenterUpperendThreesecondarycenters? 1. Oneforhead(appearsin1"year).2. Oneforgreatertubercle(appearsin2n?year).3. Oneforlessertubercle(appearsin5thyear). Thisthreecentersfusestogetherduring6thyearandfinallywithshaftduring20thyear.LowerendFoursecondarycenters 1. Oneforcapitulum&lateralflangeoftrochlea(19tyear).2. Oneformedialflangeoftrachlea(9thyear).3. Oneforlateralepicondyle(12thyear).4. Thesethreefuseduring14thyeartoformoneepiphysiswhichfuses withshaftat16years. 5. Oneformedialepicondyle(4-6years),whichseparatelyfuseswith shaftduring20thyear.
271.Clavipectoralfasciaispiercedbyall except? a)Lateralpectoralnerve b)Medianpectoralnerve c)Thoracoacromialvessels d)Cephalicvein CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,MedianpectoralnerveClavipectoralfasciaispiercedby-Thoraco-Acromialvessels.Lateralpectoralnerve.Lymphaticspassingfrombreastandpectoralregiontoapical-axillary1.n.Cephalicvein.
272.Stomachissuppliedby? a)Coeliactrunk b)Splenicartery c)Gastroduodenalartery d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Alloftheabove
273.Whichmuscleplaysaroleinwinking a)Levatorlabisuperioris b)Orbicularisoculi c)Corrugatorsupercilli d)Levatorpalpebrae CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Orbicularisoculi
274.Muscleattachedtolateralsurfaceof greatertrochanter- a)Gluteusmaximus b)Gluteusmedius c)Gluteusminimus d)Piriformis CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Gluteusmedius Attachmentsofgreatertrochanter(GT) Allareinsertions PartofGT Muscleinserted Apex(tip)ofGT Piriformis Anteriorsurface(lateralpart) GluteusminimusLateralsurface Gluteusmedius Medialsurface Obturatorinternus&twogemelli Trochantericfossa Obturatorexternus
275.Supportofprostateis? a)Pubococcygeus b)Ischiococcygeus c)Ilioccygeus d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,PubococcygeusLevatoranimuscleisdivisibleintofollowingparts:1)PuboccygeuspartAnteriorfibersofthispartcloselysurroundtheprostate,inmales,toform,levatorprostatae.Inthefemalethesefibressurroundthevaginaandformsphinctervaginae.Inbothcasestheseanteriorfibresareinsertedintotheperinealbody.Middlefibersconstitutethepuborectalis.Theypartlyformalooporslingaroundtheanorectaljunction;andarepartlycontinuouswithlongitudinalmusclecoatoftherectum.Posteriorfibersareattachedtoanococcygealligamentandtipofcoccyx.IliococcygeuspartThisisinsertedtoanococcygealligamentandlasttwopiecesofcoccyx.Ischiococcygeuspart(orcoccygeus)Itformsposteriorpartofpelvicfloor.
276.Collagenfoundinhyalinecartilageis? a)TypeI b)TypeII c)TypeIV d)Typev CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,TypeII
277.Galen'sanastomosisisbetween? a)Recurrentlaryngealnerveandexternallaryngealnerve b)Recurrentlaryngealnerveandinternallaryngealnerve c)Internallaryngealnerveandexternallaryngealnerve d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,RecurrentlaryngealnerveandinternallaryngealnerveTherearetwotypesofimportantanastmosisbetweenlaryngealbranchesofvagus:?1.Galenanastomosis(RamusanastomoticusorAnsaofGalen)Thisisananastomosisbetweentherecurrentlaryngealnerveandinternallaryngealnerve(internalbranchofsuperiorlaryngealnerve).Generally,posteriorbranchofrecurrentlaryngealnervecontributestotheanastomosis;however,anteriorbranchcanalsocontribute.2.HumancommunicatingnerveItisananastomosisbetweenrecurrentlaryngealnerve(distalpart)andexternallaryngealnerve(externalbranchofsuperiorlaryngealnerve).
278.Radialbursaisthesynovialsheath coveringthetendonof? a)FDS b)FDP c)FPL d)FCR CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,FPL
279.Whichmusclewillbeparalyzedwhen radialnerveisinjuredinjustbelowbespiralgroove? a)Lateralheadoftriceps b)Medialheadoftriceps c)Longheadoftriceps d)ECRL CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,ECRLRadialnerveinjuryRadialnerveinjurymaybehighorlow.1.HighradialnervepalsyInjuryisbeforethespiralgrooveAllmusclessuppliedbyradialnerveareparalysed.2.LowradialnervepalsyInjuryisafterthespiralgroove.Lowradialnervepalsymaybeoftwotypes.Injuryoccursbetweenthespiralgrooveandelbowjoint.Musclesinvolvementis:?Elbowextensors(Triceps,anconeus)arespared.Wrist,elbowandfingerextensorsareparalysed.Sensorylossinfirstwebspace(ondorsalside)Injuryoccursbelowtheelbowjoint.Elbowextensors(triceps,anconeus)andwristextensors(ECRL)arespared.Fingerextensors(extensordigitorum,extensordigitiminimi,extensorindicis)andthumbextensors(extensorpollicislongus&
brevis)areparalysed.Sensorylossinfirstwebspace(ondorsalside).
280.Whicharesegmentsofupperlobeof rightlung? a)Anterior,posterior,media b)Lateral,medial,superior c)Apical,anterior,posterior d)Basal,medial,lateral CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Apical,anterior,posterior
281.Centroacinarcellsarepresentin? a)Pancreas b)Parotidgland c)Prostate d)None CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,PancreasPancreasItisamixedexocrineandendocrinegland.A.ExocrinepartTheexocrineportionisacompoundacinargland,consistsofpancreaticacini.Theaciniofpancreasconsistofagroupofpyramid-shapedacinarcells'(pancreaticparenchymalcells)arrangedaroundasmalllumen.Thecentroacinar-cellsareseenatthecentreofaciniwheretheductsystembegins.Thesecellsareanextensionoftheintercalatedductcellsintotheacinus.Theyaddbicarbonateionstopancreaticjuce.Individualaciniaredrainedbyintercalatedducts(interalobularducts),whichdrainintolargerinterlobularducts,foundinconnectivetissuesepta.B.EndocrinepartIsletsofLangerhansconstitutetheendocrinepartandarescatteredthroughouttheexocrinepart,mostabundandlyintailregion.
282.
Billorth'scordarepresentinwhichpartofspleen? a)Whitepulp b)Redpulp c)Both d)Capsule CorrectAnswer-BAns.is`b'i.e.,RedpulpHistologyofspleenSpleenhasacapsulewhichismainlycomposedofcollagenwithsomeelastin.Trabeculaeareseptaepassinwardsfromthecapsule.Spleenismainlycomposedoftwoparts: 1. Whitepulp:ThewhitepulpofthespleenisformedofmassofTand Blymphocytessurroundingcentralartery,arrangedaslymphoidnodule.EachnoduleisalsocalledMalpigianbodies.Marginalzonesurroundsthewhitepulpandcontainsantigenpresentingcellsasmacrophages. 2. Redpulp:Redpulpismadeupofameshofleakysinusoids (vascularsinuses)throughwhichtheredcellsaresqueezed.Adjacentbloodspacescontainbloodcellsandarrangedincordscalledspleniccordsofbillorth.
283.
B-cellsaredispersedinwhichpartofspleen? a)Whitepulp b)Redpulp c)Capsule d)None CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Whitepulp
284.Neurovascularbundleofanterior compartmentoflegpassesbetweenthetendonsof? a)EHLandEDL b)EDLandperoneustertius c)TibialisanteriorandEHL d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,EHLandEDL
285.Truestatementaboutgreatsphenous vein a)Itbeginsatlateralendofdorsalvenousarch b)Itrunsanteriortomedialmalleolus c)Itisaccomponiedbysuralnerve d)Terminatesintopoplitealvein CorrectAnswer-BAnsis'b'i.e.,Itrunsanteirortomedialmalleolus
286.Inarmulnarnervegivesmuscular branchtowhichmuscle? a)FCU b)FDP c)Both d)None CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'C'i.e.,bothReferenceBDC4theditionvolume1,pg157.
287.Vertebralarteriesofbothsidesuniteto form a)Anteriorspinalartery b)Posteriorspinalartery c)Medullaryartery d)Basilarartery CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,BasilararteryVertebralArteryItarisesfrom1stpartofsubclavianarteryFirstPart:OrigintotheforamentransversariumofC6vertebra.Itliesinthescalenovertebral/vertebraltriangle(triangleofvertebralartery)betweenscalemusanteriorandlonguscollimuscles.SecondPart:Thispartpassesthroughforaminatransversariaofupper6cervicalvertebrae(C6toC1).ThirdPart:ItextendsfromforamentransversariumofCitoforamenmagnum,lyinginagrooveontheuppersurfaceofposteriorarchofatlas.Thispartofthearteryliesinthesuboccipitaltriangle.Itthenentersthevertebralcanalbypassingdeeptothelowerarchedmarginofposterioratlanto-occipitalmembrance.FourthPart:Itliesintheposteriorcranialfossaextendingfromtheforamenmagnumtothelowerborderofpons.Inthevertebralcanal,itpiercestheduraandarachnidandascendsinfrontofhypoglossalnerveroots.Atthelowerborderofponsbothvertebralarteriesunitetoformthebasilarartery.Cervicalbranches 1. Spinalbranches:Entervertebralcanalthroughintervertebral
foraminaandsupplycervicalsegmentsofspinalcord,meninges,andvertebrae. 2. Muscularbranches:Supplysuboccipitalmuscles. CranialBranches: 1. Meningeal:Supplymeningesofposteriorcranialfossa2. Posteriorspinal3. Anteriorspinal4. Medullary5. Posteriorinferiorcerebellar Basilarartery:Asinglemedianvesselformedbytheunionofthetwovertebralarteriesatthelowerborderofpons,runsupwardinfrontofthepons,embeddedinthegroove,tobifurcateintotwoposteriorcerebralarteriesattheupperborderofpons.Itsbranchesare: 1. Labyrinthine2. anteriorinferiorcerebellar3. Pontine4. Superiorcerebellar5. Posteriorcerebral
288.
Folliclesarepresentinwhichpartoflymphnodes? a)Redpulp b)Whitepulp c)Cortex d)Medulla CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Cortex
289.Remnantofnotochordis? a)Annulusfibrosus b)Nucleuspulposus c)Ligamentflavum d)Intertransverseligament CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,NucleuspulposusNotochordisabudlikestructureformedbyepihlastcellsextendingfromcranialendofprimitivestreaktocaudalendofprochordalplate,inbetweentheectodermandendoderm.Siginificancesofnotochordincludesfollowing:-Itdefinestheaxisofembryo.Itfunctionsastheprimaryinductor,inducingtheoverlyingectodermtodevelopintoneuralplate(theprimordiumofCNS).Itservesasthebasisfordevelopmentofaxialskeleton.Thenotochordisanintricatestructurearoundwhichvertebralcolumnisformedandindicatesfuturesiteofvertebralbodies.However,thenotochorddoesnotgiverisetovertebralcolumn,afterdevelopmentofvertebralbodies,thenotochorddegeneratesanddisappears,butpartsofitpersistasthenucleuspulposusofintervertebraldisc.
290.Structurepassingdeeptoflexor retinaculumis? a)Posttibialartery b)Longsaphenousvein c)Tibialisant.tendon d)Peroneustertius CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Posttibialartery
291.Whichmusclesisknownas'Triceps surae' a)Gastro-soleus b)Popliteus c)EHL d)EDL CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Gastro-soleusGastrocnemiusandsoleustogether(gastro-soleus)areknownastricepssurae.Soleusisknownasperipheralhearthelpinginvenousreturnfromlowerlimb
292.Allaretrueregardingaxillarylymph nodesexcept? a)Posteriorgroupliesalongsubscapularvessels b)Lateralgroupliesalonglateralthoracicvessels c)Apicalgroupliesalongaxillaryvessels d)Apicalgroupisterminallymphnodes CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,LateralgroupliesalonglateralthoracicvesselsAxillarylymphnodesTheaxillarylymphnodesaredividedinto5groups:? 1. Anterior(pectoral)group:-Liealonglateralthoracicvessels,i.e. alongthelateralborderofpectoralisminor.Theyreceivelymphfromupperhalfoftheanteriorwalloftrunkandfrommajorpartofbreast. 2. Posterior(scapular)group:-LiealongtheSubscapularvessels. Theyreceivelymphfromtheupperhalfoftheposteriorwalloftrunkandaxillarytail. 3. Lateralgroup:-Liealongtheupperpartofthehumerus,medialto theaxillaryvein.Theyreceivelymphfromupperlimb. 1. Centralgroup:-Lieinthefatoftheupperaxilla.Thereceivelymph fromtheprecedinggroupsanddrainintoapicalgroup.Theintercostobrachialnerveiscloselyrelatedtothem. 2. Apical(infraclavicular)group:-Liedeeptotheclavipectoralfascia alongtheaxillaryvessels.Theyreceivelymphfromcentralgroup,upperpartofbreastandthethumbanditsweb.Thesearecalledterminalgroupoflymphnodes,astheyreceivelymphaticsfromothernodesofbreast.
293.Thoracicductdoesnotdrains? a)Rightupperpartofbody b)Leftupperpartofbody c)Rightlowerpartofbody d)Leftlowerpartofbody CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,RightupperpartofbodyThoracicductThoracicductisalsocalledasPecquetduct.Itisthelargestlymphaticductinbody,about45cm(18inches)long.Ithasabeadedappearancebecauseofthepresenceofmanyvalvesinitslumen.ThoracicductbeginsasacontinuationoftheupperendofthecisternachylinearthelowerborderofT12vertebraandentersthethoraxthroughtheaorticopeningofdiaphragm(atT12).ItthenascendsthroughtheposteriormediastinumandatT5levelcrossesfromrightsidetotheleftsideandascendsalongleftmarginofoesophagustoentertheneck.AtthelevelofC7vertebrae,archestowardsleftsidetoopenintoleftbrachiocephalicveinattheangleofunionofleftsubclavianandleftinternaljugularveins.Thoracicductreceiveslymphfrombothhalvesofthebodybelowthediaphragmandthelefthalfabovethediaphragm.Itstributariesare:- 1. Rightandleftlumbartrunk.2. Inthorax:-Posteriormediastinalnodes,smallintercostallymph nodes. 3. InNeck:-Leftjugulartrunk,leftsubclaviantrunkandleft
bronchomediastinaltrunk.
294.Nottrueaboutrightbronchus a)Shorter b)Wider c)Morehorizontal d)Inthelineoftrachea CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,MorehorizontalTracheabifurcatesatCarina(atlowerborderofT4vertebraatT4-T,discspace)intorightandleftprincipal(primary)bronchi.Rightprincipalbronchusiswider,shorter(2.5cmlong),andmoreverticalinthelineoftrachea(25?withmedianplane.Thereforeaforeignbodyismostlikelytolodgeintherightbronchus.Rightbronchusdividesintoepiarterialandhyparterialbronchi,passingrespectivelyaboveandbelowthepulmonaryartery,beforeenteringthehilum.Leftprincipalbronchusisnarrower,longer(5cmlong)andmorehorizontal(45?withmedianplane).Leftbronchuscrossesinfrontoftheesophagusproducingaslightconstriction.Insidethelungitdividesinto2lobarbronchi:upperandlower.
295.Allaretrueaboutmammarygland, except? a)Isamodifiedsweatgland b)Extendsfrom2ndto6thribvertically c)Suppliedbyinternalmammaryartery d)Nippleissuppliedby6thintercostalnerve CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Nippleissuppliedby6thintercostalnerveMammaryglandBreast(mammarygland)isamodifiedsweatglandpresentinthesuperficialfasciaofpectoralregion.Verticallyitextendfrom2ndto6thribsatmidclavicularlineandhorizonalextentisfromsternalmargintomidaxillarylineatthelevelof4thribArterialsupplyofbreastincludes?PerforatingbranchesofinternalmammaryarteryinII,III,IVintercostalspaces.Thoracoacromial,lateralthoracicandsuperiorthoracicbranchesofaxillary.Mammarybranches,from2nd,3rdand4thposteriorintercostalarteries.VenousDrainageThereisananastomoticcircleofveinsaroundthebaseofnipple-thecirculusvenosusofHaller.Veinsfromthisandfromtheglandulartissueradiatetothecircumferenceoftheglandanddrainintoaxillary,internalmammaryandposteriorintercostalveins.
NervesupplySensoryandsympatheticinnervationisviaanteriorandlateralcutaneousbranchesof4th,5thand6thintercostalnerves.Nippleismainlyinnervatedbythe4thintercostalnerve.
296.Thenervesupplyofnailbedofindex fingeris? a)Superficialbrofradialnerve b)Deepbrofradialnerve c)Mediannerve d)Ulnarnerve CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Mediannerve
297.Thebloodsupplytofemoralheadis mostlyby? a)Lateralepiphysealartery b)Medialepiphysealartery c)Ligamentousteresartery d)Profundafemoris CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,ProfundafemorisArterialsupplyoffemoralhead? 1. Medialcircumflexfemoralartery(majorsupply).2. Lateralcircumflexfemoralartery.3. Obturatorarterythrougharteryofligamentumteres.4. Intramedullaryvesselsinthefemoralneck. Medialandlateralcircumflexfemoralarteriesarebranchesofprofandafemorisarterywhichinturnisabranch-offemoralartery.
298.Allpassthroughjugularforamenexcept a)Emissaryvein b)Vagusnerve c)Mandibularnerve d)Internaljugularvein CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Mandibularnerve
299.Bounderiesofanatomicalsnuffboxare allexcept a)APL b)EPL c)EPB d)ECU CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,ECUAnatomicalSnuffboxTriangulardepressiononthedorsalandradialaspectofthehandbecomevisiblewhenthumbisfullyextended.BoundariesMedial/PosteriorTendonoftheextensorpollicislongus.Lateral/AnteriorTendonoftheextensorpollicisbrevisandabductorpollicislongus.RoofSkinandfasciawithbeginningofcephalicveinandcrossedbysuperficialbranchoftheradialnerve.FloorStyloidprocessofradius,trapezium,scaphoidandbaseof1stmetacarpal.ContentsTheradialartery.
300.MedialboundryofCubitalfossa? a)Brachioradialis b)Pronatorteres c)Supinator d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Pronatorteres
301.Superficialperinealspacecontains? a)Sphincterurethraemuscle b)Ischiocavernosusmuscle c)Deeptransverseperineimuscle d)Bulbourethralgland CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Ischiocavernosusmuscle
302.Caudatelobeofliveris? a)I b)III c)IV d)VI CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,IThecaudatelobe(posteriorhepaticsegmentI,Spigelianlobe)issituateduponthepostero-superiorsurfaceoftheliverontherightlobeoftheliver,oppositethetenthandelevenththoracicvertebrae.
303.Spinalcorddevelopsfrom? a)Neuraltube b)Mesencephalon c)Rhombencephalon d)Prosencephalon CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,NeuraltubeNervoussystemdevelopsfromectoderm(neuroectoderm).Nervoussystemdevelopsfromneuraltubewhichinturndevelopsbyprocessofneurulation,i.e.formationofneuralplateanditsinfoldingintoneuraltube.Structuresformedfromneuraltubeare:?1.Fromcranialpart(enlargedcephalicpart)Givesrisetobrain.Developmentalpartsare:Forebrain(prosencephalon)Telencephalon:Cerebralhemisphereandlateralventricle.Diencephalon:Opticcupandstalk(givesrisetoretina),pituitary,thalamus,hypothalamus,epithalamus,pinealgland,andthirdventricle.Midbrain(mesencephalon)Cerebralaqueduct.Hindbrain(rhombencephalon)Metencephalon:Cerebellum,ponsMyelencephalon:Medullaoblongata2.FromcaudalpartGivesrisetospinalcord.
304.Hyoidliesatthelevelof? a)C3 b)C, c)C7 d)T2 CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,C3Surfaceanatomyoflarynxare:C,Levelofbodyofhyoidanditsgreatercornu.C3-C,JunctionLevelofupperborderofthyroidcartilageandbifurcationofcommoncarotidartery.C4-C,JunctionLevelofthyroidcartilage.C6Levelofcricoidcartilage.
305.Whichofthefollowingmuscleisnotin thepectoralregion? a)Pectoralismajor b)Infraspinatus c)Pectoralisminor d)Subclavius CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Infraspinatus
306.Trueaboutlineaaspera? a)Formslateralborderoffemur b)Formsmedialborderoffemur c)Continuesasglutealtuberostiy d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Continuesasglutealtuberostiy
307.Hunterianperforatorsareseenin? a)Upperthigh b)Lowerthigh c)Calf d)Midthigh CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,MidthighMid-thigh(Mid-hunter)-Adductorcanal-GreatsaphenouswithfemoralHunterperforator(Hunterianperforatororadductorcanalperforator)isseeninmidthigh.
308.Internalspermaticfasciaisderivedfrom ? a)Externalobliquemuscle b)Internalobliquemuscle c)Fasciatransversalis d)Colle'sfascia CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,FasciatransversalisLayersofthescrotumThescrotumismadeupofthefollowinglayersfromoutsideinwards. 1. Skin,continuationofabdominalskin.2. Dartosmusclewhichreplacesthesuperficialfascia.Thedartos muscleisprolongedintoamedianverticalseptumbetweenthetwohalvesofthescrotum. 3. Theexternalspermaticfasciafromexternalobliquemuscle.4. Thecremastericmuscleandfasciafrominternalobliquemuscle.5. Theinternalspermaticfasciafromfasciatransversalis
309.Portalveinsupplies? a)Spleen b)Liver c)Pancreas d)Colon CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,LiverPortalveinisavein,stillitsupplybloodtoliver(usuallyaveindrainsbloodfromanorganortissue).Theliverhasdualbloodsupply:-20%ofbloodsupplyisthroughthehepaticartery.80%ofbloodsupplyisthroughtheportalvein.
310.
Collectingpartofkidneydevelopsfrom? a)Pronephrons b)Mesonephros c)Metanephros d)Uretericbud CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,UretericbudDevelopmentofkidneyKidneysdevelopfromtwosources:Metanephros(metanephricmesodermorblastema):Itisthelowestpartofnephrogeniccordwhichisderivedfromintermediatemesoderm.Itformstheexcretoryunitofkidneyi.e.glomeruls,proximalconvolutedtubule,loopofhenleanddistalconvolutedtubule.Uretericbud:Itarisesfromlowerpartofmesonephricduct.Itformscollectingpartofkidney(pelvis,majorcalyes,minorcalyces,collectingtubules)andureter.
311.Nerverunningalongwithprofunda brachiiartery,inspiralgroove? a)Ulnar b)Median c)Radial d)None CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,RadialProfundabrachiiisabranchofbrachialartery.Itaccompaniesradialnerveinspiralgroove.Branchesofprofundabrachiiarteryare:? 1. Deltoidbranch(ascendingbranch):-Itanastomoseswiththe descendingbranchofposteriorcircumflexhumeralartery. 2. Nutrientarterytohumerus:3. Muscularbranches4. Posteriordescending(middlecollateral):-Itanastomoseswith interosseousrecurrentbranchofulnarartery. 5. Anteriordescending(radialcollateral):Itanastomoseswithradial recurrentbranchofradialarteryinfrontoflateralepicondyle.
312.Inwhichofthefollowingvessels transversemesocolonseen? a)Rightcolicartery b)Leftcolicartery c)Middlecolicartery d)Iliocolicartery CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Middlecolicartery Mesenteryofgut Vesselscontainedbymesentery Mesenteryproper(Mesentery JejunalandIlealbranchesofofsmallintestine) superiormesentericvessels Transversemesocolon Middlecolicvessel Mesoappendix Appendicularvessels Sigmoidmesocolon Sigmoidvessels
313.Mainbloodsupplytotheheadandneck offemurcomesfrom a)LateralcircumflexfemoralArtery b)MedialcircumflexfemoralArtery c)ArteryofLigamentumTeres d)PoplitealArtery CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,MedialcircumflexfemoralArteryThemedialcircumflexfemoralarteryalongwithitsretinacularandepiphysealbranchessuppliesmostofthebloodsupplytotheheadandneckoffemur.Arterialsupplyoffemoralheadhasbeenexplainedindetailsinprevioussessions.
314.Pubicsymphysisiswhichtypeofjoint? a)Gomphosis b)Fibrousjoint c)Primarycartilaginous d)Secondarycartilaginous CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,SecondarycartilaginousPubicsymphysisisasecondarycartilaginousjoint(symphsesorfibrocartilaginousjoint).
315.whichlevelthesomitesinitiallyform? a)Thoraciclevel b)Cervicallevel c)Lumbarlevel d)Sacrallevel CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,CervicallevelThefirstpairofsomitesdevelopashortdistanceposteriortothecranialendofthenotochord,andtherestofthesomitesfromcaudally."Bythe20"day,thefirstpairofsomiteshaveformedinneckregion."TextbookofembryologyParaxialmesodermdifferentiatesintosomites.Bytheendof20thday,thefirstpairofsomiteshaveformedinneckregion.Afterthis,about3pairsofsomitesareformedperdayandbytheendof5"weekabout42-44somitepairsareformed(4-occipital,8-cervical,12-thoracic,5-lumbar,5-sacraland8-10cooccygeal).Somitesarefurtherdifferentiatedinto:-Dermatomyotome:-Giverisetoskeletalmusclesanddermis.Sclerotomes:-Giverisetovertebralcolumn.
316.Doubleinferiorvenacavaisformeddue to? a)Persistenceofsacrocardinalveins b)Persistanceofsupracardinalveins c)Persistanceofsubcardinalveins d)Persistanceofbothsupracardinalandsubcardinalveins CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,PersistanceofbothsupracardinalandsubcardinalveinsDevelopmentalanomaliesofveinsA.AnomaliesofSVCLeftsuperiorvenacavaisformedwhenleftanteriorcardinalandcommoncardinalveinspersistandtherightonesobliterate.LeftSVCopensintorightatriumthroughthecoronarysinus.Doublesuperiorvenacavaoccursduetopersistenceofleftanteriorcardinalvein.TherightSVCopensdirectlyintorightatriumwhileleftoneopensthroughcoronarysinus.B.AnomaliesofIVCAbsenceofinferiorvenacavaaboverenalveinsoccurswhentheanastomoticchannelbetweenrightsubcardinalveinandrightlepatocardinalchannelfailstodevelop.Doubleinferiorvenacavaisformedbelowrenalveinsduetopersistenceofboththesubcardinalandsupracardinalveinsbelowthekidney.Leftinferiorvenacava,i.e.infrarenalpartofIVCisformedonleftsideinsteadofright.PreuretericIVCisformedwheninfrarenalpartofIVCdevelopsfromsubcardinalvein(whichliesanteriortoureter)insteadof
supracardinalvein(whichliesposteriortoureter).
317.Allofthefollowingmuscleshavedual nervesupplyexcept? a)Subscapularis b)Pectoralismajor c)Pronatorteres d)Flexordigitorumprofundus CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Pronatorteres
318.Apersonhadinjurytorightupperlimb heisnotabletoextendfingersbutabletoextendwristandelbow.Nerveinjuredis? a)Radial b)Median c)Ulnar d)Posteriorinterosseus CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,PosteriorinterosseusInposteriorinterosseusnerveinjury,wristextensionispreservedduetosparedECRL,hencethereisnowristdrop.Thereislossofextensionofmetacarpophalangealjoints,hencethumbandfingerdropoccurs.oInradialnerveinjury,thereiswristdrop.ClinicalfeaturesofradialnervepalsyClinicalfeaturesdependuponthesiteoflesion.1.IflesionishighWristdrop,thumbdropandfingerdrop.Inabilitytoextendelbow,wrist,thumb&fingers(MPjoint)Patientcanextendinterphalangealjointsduetoactionoflumbricalsandinterossei.Sensorylossoverposteriorsurfaceofarm&forearmandlowerlateralhalfofforearm.2.IflesionislowTypeIWristdrop,thumbdropandfingerdrop.
Elbowextensionispreserved.Sensorylossoverthedorsumoffirstwebspace.TypeHThumbdropandfingerdropElbowandwristextensionispreservedSensorylossoverthedorsumoffirstwebspaceClinicalfeaturesofposteriorinterosseusnerveItispronetobeinjuredininjury&operationsofradialhead-neck.Thereisnosensorydeficitasitisapuremotornerve.Wristextensionispreserved(i.e.nowristdrop)duetosparedextensorcarpiradialislongus.Presentswithlossofextensionofmetacarpophalangeal(MP)jointsi.e.,thumb&fingerdrop.
319.Theretinaisanoutgrowthofthe? a)Mesencephalon b)Diencephalon c)Telencephalon d)Pons CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,DiencephalonDiancephalonforms-opticcupandstalk,pituitary,thalmus,hypothalmus,epithalmus,pinealgland(orepiphysis),and3rdventricle(mostpart).Retinadevelopsfromwallsofopticcup.Theouterthinnerlayerbecomesretinalpigmentedepitheliumandinnerthickerlayerformsneurallayerofretina.Forebrain(prosencephalon)consistsoftelencephalon(anteriororrostralpart)anddiencephalon(posteriororcaudalpart).
320.Allarecontentsofoccipitaltriangle except? a)Greatauricularnerve b)Suprascapularnerve c)Lesseroccipitalnerve d)Occipitalartery CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Suprascapularnerve
321.Contentsofmidpalmarspaceareall except a)2ndlumbrical b)FDPof3rdfinger c)1stlumbrical d)FDPof4thfinger CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,1stlumbricalBoundariesofmidpalmarspaceare:Anterior-Flexortendonsof3rd,4th,and5thfingers2nd,3rdand4thlumbricalsPalmaraponeurosisPosterior-FasciacoveringinterosseiandmetacarpalsLateral-IntermediatepalmarseptumMedial-Medialpalmarseptum1stlumbricalispresentinthethenarspace
322.Axillarynerveisaccompaniedbywhich artery? a)Axillary b)Subscapular c)Anteriorcircumflexhumeral d)Posteriorcircumflexhumeral CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,PosteriorcircumflexhumeralAxillarynerveAxillarynerveisabranchoftheposteriorcordofbrachialplexuswithrootvalueC5andC6.Itleavestheposteriorwallofaxillaalongwiththeposteriorcircumflexhumeralvesselsthrouththequadrangularspace.Whilepassingthroughthequadrangularspaceitgivesitsfirstbranch,anarticulartwigtotheshoulderjoint.Thenitdividesinto? 1. Anteriordivision:-Windsaroundthesurgicalneckofhumerusto supplydeltoid. 2. Posteriordivision:-Itgivesof3. Branchestoposteriorpartofdeltoid.4. Nervetoteresminorwhichshowsapseudoganglion.5. Upperlateralcutaneousnerveofarmsupplyingtheskincovering lowerpartofdeltoid(regimentalbadgeregion).
323.Theroofoftheolfactoryregionisformed by? a)Nasalbone b)Cribriformplateofethmoid c)Sphenoid d)Temporalbone CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,CribriformplateofethmoidTheolfactorymucosalinestheupperone-thirdofnasalcavityincludingtheroofformedbycribriformplateandthemedialandlateralwallsuptothelevelofsuperiorconcha(turbinate).
324.Superiorpancreaticoduodenalarteryisa branchof? a)Hepaticartery b)Splenicartery c)Gastroduodenalartery d)Inferiormesentericartery CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,GastroduodenalarteryGastroduodenalarterygivesfollowingbranches:- 1. Rightgastroepiploicartery2. Superiorpancreaticoduodenalartery
325.Helicinearteryarebranchof? a)Deeparteryofpenis b)Femoralartery c)Externalpudendalartery d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,DeeparteryofpenisHelicinearteriesofpenisarefivebranchesofcavernosalartery(deeparteryofpenis)thatfillsinusoidalspaceofcorporacovernosa.Helicinearteriesofuterusareextremelytortuousterminalbranchesofuterinearterysupplyinguterinemuscle.
326.Thesuperficialexternalpudendalartery isabranchof? a)Femoralartery b)Externaliliacartery c)Internaliliacartery d)Aorta CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,FemoralarteryFemoralarteryItisthemainarteryofthelowerlimb.Itbeginsasacontinuationofexternaliliacarterybelowtheinguinalligamentatmidinguinalpointmidwaybetweenpubicsymphysisandanteriorsuperioriliacspine.Itdescendsthroughfemoraltriangleandthenthroughadductorcanal.Afterthatitendsbypassingthroughadductorhiatusintheadductormagnusmuscletocontinueaspoplitealartery.Branchesoffemoralarteryare:?A.Infemoraltriangle 1. Superficialbranches:-(i)Superficialexternalpudendal,(ii) Superficialepigastric,(iii)Superficialcircumflexiliac. 2. Deepbranches:-(i)Profundafemoris,(ii)Deepexternalpudendal, (iii)Muscularbranches.B.InadductorcanalDescendinggenicularartery.Profundafemorisarteryisthelargestbranchoffemoralarteryandsuppliesallthreecompartmentsofthigh(anterior,medialandposterior).Itarisesfromthelateralsideoffemoralarteryabout4cmbelowtheinguinalligament.Theprofundafemorisgivesofffollowingbranches:
1. Medialcircumflexfemoral:-Majorsupplytotheheadoffemur.2. Lateralcircumflexfemoral.3. Fourperforatingarteries:-2"dperforatingarterygivesnutrientartery tofemur.
327.Nervesupplytothemusclesofflexor compartmentofarm? a)Radialnerve b)Mediannerve c)Musculocutaneousnerve d)Ulnarnerve CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Musculocutaneousnerve
328.Tributariesofcavernoussinusareall except? a)Inferiorcerebralvein b)Centralveinofretina c)Sphenoparietalsinus d)Superiorcerebralvein CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,SuperiorcerebralveinTributaries(incomingchannels)ofcavernoussinus 1. Superiorophthalmicvein2. Abranchofinferiorophthalmicveinorsometimesveinitself3. Centralveinofretina(itmayalsodrainintosuperiorophthalmic vein) 4. Superficialmiddlecerebralvein5. Inferiorcerebralvein6. Sphenoparietalsinus7. Frontaltrunkofmiddlemeningealvein(itmayalsodraininto pterygoidplexusorintosphenoparietalsinus)Drainingchannels(communications)ofcavernoussinus 1. Intotransversesinusthroughsuperiorpetrosalsinus2. Intointernaljugularveinthroughinferiorpetrosalsinusandthrough aplexusaroundtheICA 3. Intopterygoidplexusofveinsthroughemissaryveins4. Intofacialveinthroughsuperiorophthalmicvein5. Rightandleftcavernoussinuscommunicateswitheachotherby anteriorandposteriorintercavernoussinusesandthroughbasilarplexusofveins
329.Linefrommidinguinalpointtoadductor tuberclerepresent? a)Inferiorepigastricartery b)Femoralartery c)Superiorepigastricartery d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,FemoralarteryFemoralarteryentersthethighbehindtheinguinalligamentatthemid-inguinalpoint./tisrepresentedbytheuppertwo-thirdofalinejoiningthemid-inguinalpointtoadductortubercle.Femoralveinhassamemarkingsasfemoralarteryexceptthattheupperpointistaken1cmmedialtomid-inguinalpointandlowerpoint1cmlateraltoadductortubercle.Inferiorepigastricvesselsisrepresentedbytheuppertwo-thirdofalinejoiningthemid-inguinalpointtoumblicus.
330.Pinealglandforms? a)Floorofthirdventricle b)Anteriorwallofthirdventricle c)Posteriorwallofthirdventricle d)Roofofthirdventricle CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,PosteriorwallofthirdventricleBoundriesofthirdventricleare:- 1. Anteriorwall:Laminaterminal,anteriorcommissure,anterior columnsoffornix. 2. Posteriorwall:Pinealbody,posteriorcommissure,cerebral aqueduct. 3. Roof:Ependymaliningofundersurfaceoftelachoroideaof ventricle.Thechoroidplexusofthirdventricleprojectsdownwardsfromroof. 4. Floor:Opticchiasma,tubercinereum,infundibulum(pituitarystalk), mammillarybody,posteriorperforatedsubstanceandtegmentumofmidbrain.Opticrecessisseenatthejunctionoffloorwithanteriorwall. 5. Lateralwall:Medialsurfaceofthalamus,hypothalamusand hypothalamicnuclei.Interventricularforamen(ofMonroe)isseenatthejunctionofroofwithanteriorandlateralwall.
331.Epithelialliningofurinarybladder? a)Squamous b)Transitional c)Cuboidal d)Columnar CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,TransitionalUrothelium(transitionalepithelium)isfoundinrenalpelvis,calyces,ureter,urinarybladder,proximalpartofurethra.
332.
Chordatympaniisapartof? a)Middleear b)Innerear c)Externalauditorycanal d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,MiddleearContentsofmiddleearContentsofmiddleear(tympaniccavity)are:? 1. EarossiclesMalleus,incus,stapes2. MusclesTensortympani,stapedius3. Chordatympani4. Tympanicplexus
333.Greaterpetrosalnerveisformedfrom? a)Geniculateganglion b)PlexusaroundICA c)Plexusaroundmiddlemeningealartery d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,GeniculateganglionPetrosalnervesGreaterpetrosalnerveFirstbranchoffacialnerveArisesfromgeniculateganglionInforamenlacerumitjoinsdeeppetorsalnerveandformsthenervetopterygoidcanalSupplieslacrimalglands,nose,mucosalglandsofpharynx,palate.LesserpetrosalnerveBranchof9thcranialnervethroughtympanicplexus(passesviaoticganglion)Itsupliesparotidgland.DeeppetrosalnerveItisabranchofsympatheticplexusaroundinternalcarotidartery.Itcontainscervicalsympatheticfibers.ExternalpetrosalnerveItisaninconsistaentbranchofsympatheticplexusaroundmiddlemeningealartery.
334.Baseoftheheartisformedby? a)Rightatrium b)Rightventricle c)Leftatrium d)Leftventricle CorrectAnswer-CAns.is`c>a'i.e.,Leftatrium>RightatriumBase(posteriorsurface)isformedmainlybyleftatriumandpartlybyrightatrium.ItisseparatedfromT5toT8vertebraebypericardiumTheapex(themostinferior,anterior,andlateralpartastheheartliesinsitu)islocatedonthemidclavicularline,inthefifthintercostalspace.Itisformedbytheleftventricle.Anterior(sternocostal)surfaceisformedmostlybyrightventricle(major)andrightauricleandpartlybyleftventricleandleftauricle.
335.Trueaboutcardiacmuscleis? a)Spindleshaped b)Largecentralnucleus c)Nogapjunctions d)Arrangedinsheets CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Largecentralnucleus
336.Musclecausingsupinationofforearm? a)Bicepsbrachii b)Brachioradialis c)FDS d)Anconeus CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,BicepsbrachiiMovementMusclescausingmovementPronationPronatorquadratus(strongpronator),Pronatorteres(Rapidpronator).SupinationSupinator(whenelbowisextended),Biceps(whenelbowisflexed
337.3rdextensorcompartmentofwrist containstendonof? a)ECRL b)ECRB c)EPL d)EPB CorrectAnswer-CAns.C)EPLThethirdcompartmentcontainstheextensorpollicislongustendon,whichoriginatesatthemid-ulnaandinsertsatthebaseofthefirstdistalphalanx.IncombinationwiththeEPBtendon,itextendsthethumbatthefirstcarpometacarpalandfirstinterphalangealjoints.
338.Ligamentsupportingthetalusis? a)Springligament b)Deltoidligament c)LCL d)Cervicalligament CorrectAnswer-AAns.A)SpringligamentSpringligament(Plantarcalcaneonavicularligament)connectsthecalcaneumwiththenavicularbone.However,itsprincipaljobistoprovideaslingforthetalus,tosupporttheheadoftalus(thoughithasnoattachmenttotalus).Thisaidsinsupportingtheweightofthebody.Weaknesorlengtheningalongthisligamentcancauseflatfoot
339.Uppertwoposteriorintercostalarteries arisefrom? a)Aorta b)Superiorintercostalartery c)Internalmammaryartery d)Bronchialartery CorrectAnswer-BAns.B)SuperiorintercostalarteryThe1stand2ndposteriorintercostalarteriesarisefromthesupremeintercostalartery,abranchofthecostocervicaltrunkofthesubclavianartery.Thelowerninearteriesaretheaorticintercostals,socalledbecausetheyarisefromthebackofthethoracicaorta.
340.Whichthalamicnucleiconnectswith neocortex? a)Palvinar b)Intralaminar c)Anterior d)All CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,All
341.Stapediusnerveisabranchof? a)Trigeminalnerve b)Facialnerve c)Vagusnerve d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,FacialnerveBranchesoffacialnerve 1. Infallopian(facialcanal):-Greaterpetrosal(greatersuperficial petrosal)nerve,nervetostapedius,chordatympani. 2. Atitsexitfromstylomastoidforamen:-Posteriorauricular,digastric nerve,stylohyoidnerve. 3. Terminalbranches:-Temporal,zygomatic,buccal,marginal mandibular,andcervical.
342.Deepinjuryofneckalwaysinvolves a)Platysma b)Tropezius c)Sternocleidomastoid d)Longuscolli CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,PlatysmaTheneckisinvestedbytwomajorfasciallayers:? 1. Superficialfascia:Platysmaanditsinvestingfascia.2. Deepfasica:Investsthedeppermuscles,thethoracicduct,blood vessels,nerves,glands,tracheaandoesophagus.Significantinjurytodeepstrucutresoftheneckisunlikelywithoutpenetrationoftheplatysma.Therefore,astabwoundthatdoesnotpenetratetheplatysmaneedsnofurtherevaluation.
343.Glomuscellsarefoundin- a)Bladder b)Brain c)Chemoreceptors d)Kidney CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,ChemoreceptorsArterialchemoreceptorsconsistofglobularaggregationsofchemoreceptivecells(glomuscells),andsupportivecells,separatedfromoneanotherbyfibroustissuesepta.Inthesesetpaandbetweenglomuscells,numerouscapillariesandnervefibersareseen.Theglomuscellshavethestructureofendocrineaminehormonesecretingcells.
344.
Mostdependentpartofabdomeninstandingpositionis? a)Vesicouterinepouch b)Pouchofdouglas c)Rectouterinepouch d)b&c CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,b&cInmales,rectovesiclepouchofperitoneumintervenesbetweenrectumandurinarybladder.ObliteratedpartofrectovesicalpouchiscalledfasciaofDenonviller'swhichseparatesposteriorsurfaceofprostatefromrectum.Infemalesrectouterinepouch(pouchofDouglas)liesbetweenrectum(posteriorly)anduterusandposteriorfornixofvagina(anteiorly).Infemalesvesicouterinepouchliesbetweenurinarybladder(anteriorly)anduterusposteriorly.Therectovesicalpouch(inmales)andrectouterinepouch(infemales)arethemostdependentportionsofperitonealcavityinerectposture
345.Carinaissituatedatwhichlevel? a)T3 b)T4 c)T6 d)T9 CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'13'i.e.,T4Tracheabifurcatesatcarina,attheleveloflowerborderofT4orT4-Tsdiscspace.StructureCervicothoraciclevelTrachealbifurcationT4-T5ArchofaortaBeginsandendsatT4XiphoidprocessT9SplenicaxisAlong10thribCarotidbifurcation,HyoidboneC3UpperborderofthyroidcartilageC4LevelofcricoidscartilageC6LumbarlevelCeliactrunkT12-LISuperiormesentericarteryLlTranspyloricplaneLowerborderofLl
346.Pelvicpainismediatedby? a)Pudendalnerve b)Sciaticnerve c)Autonomicnerves d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,AutonomicnervesVisceralafferentfibersofpelvistravelwithautonomicnervefibers.Visceralafferentfibersconductingreflexivesensations(informationthatdoesnotreachconsciousness)travelwithparasympatheticfiberstospinalsensorygangliaofS2-S4.Theroutetakenbyvisceralafferentfibersconductingpainsensationdiffersinrelationtoanimaginaryline,thepelvicpainline,thatcorrespondstotheinferiorlimitofperitoneum,exceptincaseoflargeintestine,wherepainlineoccursmidwayalonglengthofsigmoidcolon.VisceralafferentfibersthattransmitpainsensationsfromtheviscerainferiortopelvicpainlinetravelinparasympatheticfibersofthespinalgangliaS,-S4(viapelvicsplanchnicnerveornerveerigentes).Visceralafferentfiberconductingpainfromtheviscerasuperiortopelvicpainlinefollowthesympatheitcfibersreterogradelytoinferiorthoracicandsuperiorlumbar(Ti-Li0,2)spinalganglia.
347.Posteriorrelationofneckofpancreas? a)IVC b)Originofpostalvein c)Aorta d)Commonbileduct CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Originofportalvein
348.Protrusionoftonguenotpossiblein damageof? a)Styloglossus b)Hyoglossus c)Palatoglossus d)Genioglossus CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'di.e.,Genioglossus
349.Terminalbranchesofinternalcarotid arteryareallexcept? a)Anteriorcerebralartery b)Middlecerebralartery c)Posteriorcommunicatingartery d)Cavernousartery CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd>c'i.e.,Cavernousartery>PosteriorcommunicatingarteryThisquestionhasnotbeenframedproperly.Internalcarotidarteryhastwoterminalbranches,i.e.ICAendsbydividinginto:? 1. Anteriorcerebralartery2. Middlecerebralartery(largerterminalbranch) Ithink,examinerwantstoknowthebranchesofterminal/cerebralpartofICA(notterminalbranches).Inthatcaseanswerisoption'd',ascavernousbrancharisesfromcavernouspart.InternalcarotidarteryItisthemainarterysupplyingstructuresinsidethecranialcavityandorbit.Itisdividedinto4parts:? 1. Cervicalpart:-Itextendsfromupperborderofthyroidcartilageto thebaseofskull.Thispartgivesnobranch. 2. Petrouspart:-Itliesinbonycarotidcanalinthepetroustemporal bone.Itgivestwobranches(i)Caroticotympanic,and(ii)pterygoid. 3. Cavernouspart:-Itrunsthroughthemedialwallofcavernoussinus. Itgivesthreebranches:(i)Meningealbranch,(ii)hypophysealbranchand(iii)cavernousbranch. 4. Cerebralpart:-Itisrelatedtoinferiorsurfaceofcerebrum.Itgives
followingbranches:(i)Ophthalmicartery,(ii)posteriorcommunicatingartery,(iii)anteriorchoroidalartery,(iv)anteriorcerebralarteryand(v)middlecerebralartery.
350.Little'sareais? a)Anteroinferiorlateralwall b)Anteroinferiornasalseptum c)Posteroinferiorlateralwall d)Posteroinferiornasalseptum. CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,AnteroinferiornasalseptumLittle'sareaissituatedintheanteriorinferiorpartofnasalseptum,justabovethevestibule.Woodruff'splexusissituatedintheposteriorinferiorpartoflateralwall
351.
Anterosuperiorsternalpartofheartismadeupof? a)Rightatriumandauricle b)Leftatrium. c)Leftventricle d)Rightventricle CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Rightventricle
352.ArchofAortadevelopsfromwhichaortic archartery? a)RightPt b)Right3rd c)Left4th d)Left3rd CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Left4th
353.Skinandfasciaofgreattoedrainsinto? a)Superficialinguinallymphnodes b)Externaliliacnodes c)Internaliliacnodes d)Deepinguinalnodes CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Superficialinguinallymphnodes
354.Implantationoccursat? a)2-3days b)6-7days c)15-20days d)20-25days CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,6-7days
355.Lowerendoffemurisossifiedfromhow manyossificationcenters:? a)1 b)2 c)3 d)4 CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,1Therearethreeossificationcentersintheproximalfemoralendlocatedinitshead,greaterandlessertrochanters,whereasthereexistsonlyoneossificationcenterinthedistalfemoralend.
356.Muscleofthirdarch? a)Tensortympani b)Stylopharyngeus c)Cricothyroid d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,StylopharyngeusStylopharyngeusisthemuscleof3rdpharyngealarch.
357.Sinusvenosusreceivesbloodfromall except? a)Vitellinevein b)Umbilicalvein c)Commoncardinalvein d)Subcardinalvein CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,SubcardinalveinSinusvenosus:Itisthecaudalmostpartoftubularheart.Atitslowerenditpresentsrightandlefthorns.Eachhornreceivesbloodfromfollowingthreeveins: 1. Vitellineveinfromyolksac.Rightvitellineveinformsterminalpartof interiorvenacava. 2. Umbilicalveinfromplacenta.3. Commoncardinalveinfrombodywall.Rightcommoncardinalvein formssuperiorvenacava.
358.Cochleateuterusis? a)Largeuterus b)Acuteanteflexion c)Acuteretroflexion d)Largecervix CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,AcuteanteflexionCochleateuterusisacutelyanteflexeduteruswithpinholeos.Itisasmalladultuteruswithaconicalcervixandabodythatissmall,globularandacutelyflexed.Itcancauseprimarydysmenorrhea.
359.Whichmuscleoriginatesfromtendonof othermuscle a)Palmarislongus b)FCR c)Lumbricals d)Adductorpollicis CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Lumbricals
360.Trueaboutanteriorintercostalartery? a)Presentin1stto11thintercostalspace b)Eachintercostalspacehastwoanteriorintercostalarteries c)Branchofinternalthoracicartery d)Branchofaorta CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,BranchofinternalthoracicarteryEachofuppernineintercostalspaces(1to9)haveoneposteriorandtwoanteriorintercostalarteries.The10"and11"spaceshaveoneposteriorintercostalartery(noanteriorintercostalartery)Posteriorintercostalarteryisthemainarteryofintercostalspaceandrunsinthecostalgroovealongtheupperborderofanintercostalspace,lyingbetweenposteriorintercostalveinandintercostalnerve(relationshipfromabovedownwardVAN).1"and2'posteriorintercostalarteriesarebranchesofsuperiorintercostalartery(abranchofcostocervicaltrunkfrom2"dpartofsubclavianartery*05)).Lowernine(3rdto11`")posteriorintercostalarteriesarebranchesofdescendingthoracicaorta.Rightposteriorintercostalarteriesarelongerthantheleft.Anteriorintercostalarteriesforuppersixspaces(twoineachspace)arisefrominternalthoracicorinternalmammaryartery.For7thto9thspaces,thesearebranchesofmusculophrenicartery(terminalbranchofinternalthoracicartery).
361.Medullaoblongataarisesfrom? a)Prosencephalon b)Rhombencephalon c)Mesencephalon d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.'B'i.e.,RhombencephalonMedullaoblongatadevelopsfromcaudalmyelenphalonpartoftherhombencephalicvesicle.Neuroblastsfromthealarplateoftheneuraltubeatthislevelwillproducethesensorynucleiofthemedulla.Thebasalplateneuroblastswillgiverisetomotornuclei.
362.Interosseousmembraneofforearmis pierecedby? a)Brachialartery b)Anteriorinterosseousartery c)Posteriorinterosseousartery d)Ulnarrecurrentartery CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,AnteriorinterosseousarteryTheanteriorinterosseousarteryisthedeepestarteryonthefrontofforearm.Itisoneoftheterminalbranchofcommoninterosseousartery,whichinturnisabranchofulnarartery.Itisaccompoinedbyanteriorinterosseousnerve,abranchofmediannerve.ItdescendsonthesurfaceoftheinterosseousmembranebetweentheFDPandFPL.Itpiercestheinterosseousmembraneattheupperborderofthepronatorquadratustoentertheextensor(dorsal)compartment.Branchesofanteriorinterosseousarteryare:? 1. Muscularbranches:Fordeepmusclesoffrontofforearm.2. Nutrientarterytoradiusandulna.3. Medianartery.
363.Mastoidprocessiswhichtypeof epiphysis a)Pressure b)Aberrant c)Atavistic d)Traction CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,TractionTypesofepiphysisTheepiphysisareoffollowingfourtypes:? 1. Pressureepiphysis:Itiscoveredbyanarticularcartilageandtakes partinthetransmissionofbodyweight,e.g.headoffemur,headofhumerus,condylesoftibia,lowerendofradiusetc. 2. Tractionepiphysis:Itisnon-articularanddoesnottakepartin weighttransmission.Itisproducedbyapullofthemuscle.Examplesaregreaterandlessertrochantersoffemur,greaterandlessertuberclesofhumerusandmastoidprocess. 3. Atavisticepiphysis:Itisanindependentboneinlowermammals, whichinmangetsfusedtothenearestbonetoreceivenutritionfromthehostbone.Examplesarecoracoidprocessofscapula,posteriortubercleoftalus(ostrigonum),etc. 4. Aberrantepiphysis:Itisanepiphysiswhichappearsatunusualend ofashortlongbone,e.g.headofPtmetacarpalandbaseofothermetacarpals.
364.Numberofmusclesinmiddleear- a)1 b)2 c)3 d)4 CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,2TensortympaniandStapediusarethetwomusclesinmiddleear.Theybothworktodampentheintensityofhighpitchedsoundwavesandthusprotectinnerear.
365.Ratioofconnectivetissue:smooth muscleincervixis? a)2:1 b)5:1 c)8:1 d)None CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,8:1
366.Inferiorepigastricarteryformsthe boundryof? a)Femoraltriangle b)Hesselbach'striangle c)Adductorcanal d)Poplitealtriangle CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Hesselbach'striangleTheinguinaltriangle(Hesselbach'striangle)isaregionintheanteriorabdominalwall.Itisalternativelyknownasthemedialinguinalfossa.ItwasfirstdescribedbyFrankHesselbach,aGermansurgeonandanatomist,in1806. Theinguinaltriangleislocatedwithintheinferomedialaspectoftheabdominalwall.Ithasthefollowingboundaries:Medial?lateralborderoftherectusabdominismuscle.Lateral?inferiorepigastricvessels.Inferior?inguinalligament.
367.Superiorwallofmiddleearisformedby ? a)Tympanicmembrane b)Jugularbulb c)Tegmentympani d)None CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,TegmentympaniRoof(superiorwall)ofmiddleearisformedbytegmentympani.
368.Musclecausingflexionofhip? a)Bicepsfemoris b)Psoasmajor c)Gluteusmaximus d)TFL CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Psoasmajor
369.Nottrueaboutfacialveinis? a)DrainsinEJV b)Largestveinofface c)Formedfromangularvein d)Hasnovalves CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,DrainsinEJVThefacialveinisthelargestveinofthefacewithnovalves.Itbeginsastheangularveinatthemedialangleoftheeye.Angularveinisformedbytheunionofsupraorbitalandsupratrochlearveins.Theangularveincontinuesasfacialveins.Whichjoinstheanteriordivisionofretromandubularvein(i.e.deepfacialvein)belowtheangleofthemandibletoformcommonfacialvein.Commonfacialveindrainsintotheinternaljugularvein.
370.Structurepassingthroughsuperior orbitalfissure? a)Oculomotornerve b)Trochlearnerve c)Superiorophthalmicvein d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,AlloftheaboveStructurespassingthroughsuperiororbitalfissureare:- 1. Middlepart(withinthering)Upperandlowerdivisionofoculomotor nerve,nasociliarynerve,abducentnerve. 2. Lateralpart(abovethering):-Trochlearnerve,frontalnerveand lacrimalnerve,superiorophthalmicvein,recurrentmenigealbranchoflacrimalartery,orbitalbranchofmiddlemeningealarteryandsometimesmeningealbranchofophthalmicartery. 3. Medialpart(belowthering):-Inferiorophthalmicvein,sympathetic nervesaroundICA.
371.Lengthofanalcanal a)10-15mm b)15-20mm c)25-30mm d)35-40mm CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,35-40mmTheanalcanalistheterminalpartofthealimentarycanal.Itbeginsatano-rectaljunctionwhichissituated2-3cminfrontandslightlybelowthetipofcoccyx.Fromano-rectaljunctionanalcanalpassesdownwardsandbackwardsthroughthepelvicdiaphragmandopensatanaloriface(anus)whichissituatedinthecleftbetweenthebuttocksabout4cmbelowandinfrontofthetipofcoccyx.Sacculationsandtaeniaeareabsentinanalcanal.Thelengthofanalcanalis3.8cm.
372.Mostcommoncongenitalanomalyof kidney a)Ectopickidney b)Renalduplication c)Horseshoekidney d)Renalagenesis CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,HorseshoekidneyHorseshoekidneyisthemostcommoncongenitalrenalanomaly,withanincidenceof1in400livebirths.Fusiontypicallyoccursatlowerpoles,withsubsequentarrestofascendofkidney,duetorestrictionattheinferiormesentericartery.Asaresult,kidneysarelowerinabdomen.
373.Sacralpromontoryisthelandmarkfor a)Originofsuperiormesentericartery b)Terminationofpresacaralnerve c)Originofinferiormesentericartery d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,TerminationofpresacaralnerveAtthesacralpromontorylevelorjustcaudaltoit,thepresacralnervesterminateandgiverisetorightandlefthypogastricnerves,whichwilljointtheinferiorhypogastricplexusatthelevelofS2-S3-S4.
374.UpperlimbdeformityinErb'spalsy? a)Adductionandlateralrotationofarm b)Adductionandmedialrotationofarm c)Abductionandlateralrotationofarm d)Abductionandmedialrotationofarm CorrectAnswer-BDeformityinErb'spalsy(positionofthelimb):Arm:Hangesbytheside;itisadducted&mediallyrotatedForearm:ExtendedandpronatedThedeformityisknownas`policeman'stiphand'or`porter'stiphand'
375.Cholecystocavallineseparates: a)Right&Leftliverlobe b)LiverwithGallBladder c)RightLobeofLiverwithGallBladder d)LeftLobeofLiverwithGallBladder CorrectAnswer-AAnswerA.Right&LeftliverlobeFunctionallobesandsegmentsoftheliverThefunctionalrightandleftlobesoftheliverareseparatedbyanimaginaryplanepassingalongtheflooroffossaforgallbladderandthegrooveforinferiorvenacava(cholecysto-cavalline).Ontheanterosuperiorsurfaceoftheliver,theplanepasseslittlerighttotheattachmentoffalciformligament.Thefunctionalrightandleftlobesoftheliveraremoreorlessofequalsize.
376.Structurederivedfromfirstpharyngeal arch: a)Levatorpalatini b)Buccinator c)Stylohyoid d)Anteriorbellyofdigastric CorrectAnswer-DAnswerD.AnteriorbellyofdigastricMESODERMALDERIVATIVESOFPHARYNGEALARCHES Muscular Skeletal Pharyngealarch Nerve contributions contributionsMaxillaZygomaticbonePartoftemporal Mylohyoid andvomer, Musclesof sphenoid, mastication Mandibular Ist(also mandible Anteriorbellyof divisionof called"mandibular Meckel's digastric TrigeminalNerve arch") cartilage:-Malleus, Tensorveli (V3). incus palatini Anteriorligament Tensortympani ofmalleus SphenomandibularligamentReichert'scartilage,stapes Stapedius (exceptfootplate) Stylohyoid
Posteriorbellyof Styloidprocess IInd(alsocalled digastric Stylohyoid Facial the"hyoidarch") Facial ligament expression Smallercornuof muscles hyoidSuperiorpartofbodyofhyoid Greatercornuofhyoid IIIrd Stylopharyngeus Glossopharyngeal Lowerpartofbodyofhyoid Cartilageoflarynx Pharyngeal exceptarytenoids Superiorlaryngeal IVth muscles superior branchofVagus Cricothyroid parathyroids,epiglotticcartilage Recurrent Intrinsicmuscles Arytenoidcartilage laryngeal VIth oflarynx(except oflarynx nerve(branchof cricothyroid) vagus)
377.Jointinvolvedinmovementofheadfrom lefttoright. a)Atlantoaxial b)Atlantooccipital c)C2-C3Joint d)C3-C4Joint CorrectAnswer-AAnswerA.AtlantoaxialAtlanto-occipital(betweenskullandC1)jointpermitsnoddingofhead(aswhenindicatingapprovalorYES)andAtlanto-axialjointpermitstheheadtobeturnedfromsidetoside(asindicatingdisapprovalorNO).
378.Whatisthenervesupplyof Submandibulargland: a)Auriculotemporalnerve b)Lingualnerve c)Glossopharyngealnerve d)Inferioralveolarnerve CorrectAnswer-BAnswerB.LingualNerveThesubmandibularglandsreceiveautonomicinnervationthroughparasympatheticandsympatheticfibres,whichdirectlyandindirectlyregulatesalivarysecretionsrespectively.ParasympatheticParasympatheticinnervationoriginatesfromthesuperiorsalivatorynucleusthroughpre-synapticfibres,whichtravelviathechordatympanibranchofthefacialnerve(CNVII).Thechordatympanithenunifieswiththelingualbranchofthemandibularnerve(CNVIII)beforesynapsingatthesubmandibularganglionandsuspendingitbytwonervefilaments.Post-ganglionicinnervationconsistsofsecretomotorfibreswhichdirectlyinducetheglandtoproducesecretions,andvasodilatorfibreswhichaccompanyarteriestoincreasebloodsupplytothegland.Increasedparasympatheticdrivepromotessalivasecretion.
SympatheticSympatheticinnervationoriginatesfromthesuperiorcervicalganglion,wherepost-synapticvasoconstrictivefibrestravelasaplexusontheinternalandexternalcarotidarteries,facialarteryandfinallythesubmentalarteriestoentereachgland.Increasedsympatheticdrivereducesglandularbloodflowthroughvasoconstrictionanddecreasesthevolumeofsalivarysecretions,resultinginamoremucusandenzyme-richsaliva.
379.Parathyroidglandisimplantedinwhich muscle? a)Sartorius b)Supinator c)Deltoid d)Brachioradialis CorrectAnswer-DAnswerD.BrachioradialisParathyroidsurgery:AutotransplantationThemostcommonplacesforauto-implantationofparathyroidglandsarethebrachioradialismuscleandthepresternalregion.Otherlocationscanalsobeused:thesternocleidomastoid,thesubcutaneoustissueofupperlimbsandabdominalfat.
380.Rightcoronaryarteryarisesfrom? a)RightAorticSinus b)LeftAorticSinus c)Posteriorcoronarysinus d)Anteriorcoronarysinus CorrectAnswer-AAnswerA.RightAorticSinusRCAarisesfromanterioraorticsinusakaRightaorticsinus.LCAarisesfromleftposterioraorticsinus.
381.DuctofBelliniarepresentin: a)Pancreas b)Liver c)Kidney d)Salivarygland CorrectAnswer-CAnswerC.KidneyPapillary(collecting)ductsareanatomicalstructuresofthekidneys,previouslyknownastheductsofBellini.Papillaryductsrepresentthemostdistalportionofthecollectingduct.Theyreceiverenalfiltrate(precursortourine)fromseveralmedullarycollectingductsandemptyintoaminorcalyx.
382.Whichofthefollowingexocrine glandularductsarenotobstructedincysticfibrosis: a)Pancreas b)Lung c)Sweatgland d)Allofabove CorrectAnswer-CAnswerC.SweatglandMostCFpatientshave3distinctabnormalcharacteristics:Theductsofthemucus-secretingglandsareobstructedduetoanincreaseinviscosityofthesesecretionsleadingtoglandulardilatationanddestruction.CFpatientsarepronetochronicbacterialcolonizationandinfections.ThesweatglandsarenotobstructedinCFpatientsbecauseinserousglandssuchassweatglandsthereareabnormalconcentrationsofinorganicions,ratherthanglandularobstructionwiththickmucus.ThequantitativepilocarpineiontophoresissweattestisauniformlyacceptedmethodfordiagnosingCF.Thesweatglandductsmustbepatentforthistest.Obstructionofairwaysleadstobronchiectasisandatelectasis;pancreaticductobstructionleadstopancreatitisandmalabsorption;andpluggingofbileductsleadstoobstructivejaundice.
383.BootshapeofheartinTOFisdueto: a)Leftatrialenlargement b)Rightatrialenlargement c)Rightventricularhypertrophy d)Biventricularhypertrophy CorrectAnswer-CAnswerC.RightventricularhypertrophyBootshapedheart.A`boot-shaped'heart("coeurensabot"inFrench)isthedescriptiongiventotheappearanceoftheheartonplainfilminsomecasesofTetralogyofFallot.Itdescribestheappearancesofanupturnedcardiacapexduetorightventricularhypertrophyandaconcavepulmonaryarterialsegment.
384.Whichofthefollowingstructureisnot derivedfromexternalobliquemuscle: a)Inguinalligament b)Lacunarligament c)Cooperligament d)LineaSemilunaris CorrectAnswer-DAnswerD.LineaSemilunarisTheexternalobliquemuscle(oftheabdomen)(alsoexternalabdominalobliquemuscle)isthelargestandtheoutermostofthethreeflatmusclesofthelateralanteriorabdomen.Inguinalligament(Poupart'sligament)isthefoldedlowerborderofexternalobliqueaponeurosisLacunarligament(Gimbernatligament)isthecrescentshapedexpansionfromthemedialendofinguinalligamentattachedtopectineallineofpubis.Pectinealligament(Cooper'sligament)isstrongfibrousbandextendinglaterallyfromthelacunarligamentalongpectineallineofpubis.Similartolacunarligament,itismadeofexternalobliqueaponeurosis.Reflectedpartofinguinalligamentextendsfromthelateralcrusofsuperficialinguinalringformedbyinguinalligamentupwardstolineaalba.Itformstheposteriorwallofinguinalcanal.Thelineasemilunaris(alsosemilunarlineorSpigelianline)isacurvedtendinousintersectionfoundoneithersideoftherectusabdominismuscle.
385.Contralaterallossofpainand temperatureisduetoinjuryto: a)Anteriorspinothalamictract b)Lateralspinothalamictract c)Fasciculusgracilis d)Fasciculuscuneatus CorrectAnswer-BAnswerB.LateralspinothalamictractDamagetolateralspinothalamictractleadstolossofpainandtemperatureontheoppositesideofthebodybelowtheleveloflesion,sincetheneuronsofthistractcrossestotheoppositesideinthespinalcord.Anteriorspinothalamictractcarriescrudetouchandpressuresensations.Fasciculusgracilisandfasciculuscuneatuscarriesconsciousproprioception,finetouch,stereognosisandvibrationsensations.
386.SpaceofDisseisin: a)Spleen b)Lymphnode c)Liver d)Bone CorrectAnswer-CAns.C.LiverTheperisinusoidalspace(orspaceofDisse)isalocationintheliverbetweenahepatocyteandasinusoid.Itcontainsthebloodplasma.Microvilliofhepatocytesextendintothisspace,allowingproteinsandotherplasmacomponentsfromthesinusoidstobeabsorbedbythehepatocytes.
387.WhatareGittercells: a)Macroglia b)ModifiedmacrophagesinCNS c)Astrocytes d)Oligodendrocytes CorrectAnswer-BAnswerB.ModifiedmacrophagesinCNSGittercells:Thesecellsaremacrophagesandbecauseoftheirappearancetheyarecalled"Gittercells".Theylookthiswaybecausetheyarelipid-laden. Thesemacrophagesarethoughttobemainlyderivedfromcirculatingbloodmonocytes,butsomeprobablyoriginatefromresidentmicroglia.Anytimethereisparenchymaldamage(e.g.inflammation,infarction,parasitemigration)thesecellswillphagocytoselipidfromdegeneratedmyelinandcellulardebris.Theselipid-ladenmacrophagesmigratetotheperivascularspaces
andleavetheCNSviathebloodorCSF.
388.Syndromeassociatedwithposterior inferiorcerebellararterythrombosis: a)Wallenbergsyndrome b)Medialmedullarysyndrome c)Inferioralternatingsyndrome d)Dejerinesyndrome CorrectAnswer-AAnswerA.WallenbergsyndromeWallenbergsyndromeisalsoknownaslateralmedullarysyndromeortheposteriorinferiorcerebellararterysyndrome.Wallenbergdescribedthefirstcasein1895.Thisneurologicaldisorderisassociatedwithavarietyofsymptomsthatoccurasaresultofdamagetothelateralsegmentofthemedullaposteriortotheinferiorolivarynucleus.Itisthemosttypicalposteriorcirculationischemicstrokesyndromeinclinicalpractice.Etiology:Wallenbergsyndromeiscausedmostcommonlybyatherothromboticocclusionofthevertebralartery,followedmostfrequentlybytheposteriorinferiorcerebellarartery,andleastoften,themedullaryarteries.Hypertensionisthecommonestriskfactorfollowedbysmokinganddiabetes.Medialmedullarysyndrome,alsoknownasinferioralternatingsyndrome,hypoglossalalternatinghemiplegia,loweralternatinghemiplegia,orDejerinesyndrome,isatypeofalternatinghemiplegia
characterizedbyasetofclinicalfeaturesresultingfromocclusionoftheanteriorspinalartery.
389.Urethralcrestisanelevationseenin urethradueto: a)Prostaticglands b)Insertionofdetrusormuscle c)Insertionoftrigone d)Preprostaticinternalsphincter CorrectAnswer-AAnswer-A(Prostaticglands)Theurethralcrestisananatomicalfeaturepresentintheurinarysystemofbothmalesandfemales.Theprostaticportion(parsprostatica),thewidestandmostdilatablepartofthecanal,isabout3cmlong.Upontheposteriorwallorfloorisanarrowlongitudinalridge,theurethralcrest,formedbyanelevationofthemucousmembraneanditssubjacenttissue.Oneithersideofthecrestisaslightlydepressedfossa,theprostaticsinus,thefloorofwhichisperforatedbynumerousapertures,theorificesoftheprostaticductsfromthelaterallobesoftheprostate;theductsofthemiddlelobeopenbehindthecrest.
390.Maxillarybonedoesnotarticulatewith: a)Ethmoid b)Sphenoid c)Frontal d)Lacrimal CorrectAnswer-BAns:B.Sphenoid(RefGray's41/ep484,40/ep473-476)Maxillarybonedoesnotarticulatewithsphenoid.Articulationofmaxilla:Eachmaxillaarticulateswithninebones:Twoofcranium:Frontalðmoid.Sevenoftheface:Nasal,zygomatic,lacrimal,inferiornasalconcha,palatine,vomer&adjacentfusedmaxilla.Sometimesarticulateswithorbitalsurface&withlateralpterygoidplateofsphenoid.
391.Allofthefollowingaretrueabout locationofoticgangliaexcept: a)Inferiortoforamenovale b)Lateraltotensorvelipalatini c)Lateraltomandibularnerve d)Anteriortomiddlemeningealartery CorrectAnswer-CAns:C.Lateraltomandibularnerve(RefGray41/ep552.40/ep543)Mandibularnervelieslateraltooticganglion.Ie.,Ganglionliesmedialtomandibularnerve.Oticganglion:Small,oval,flatreddish-greyganglion.Situatedjustbelowforamenovate.Peripheralparasympatheticganglionlocatedintheinfratemporalfosse.Functionallyassociatedwithglossopharyngealnerve&innervatesparotidglandforsalivation.Connectedtochordatympaninerve&tonerveofpterygoidcanal.Pathwaysprovideanalternatepathwayoftastefromanteriortwo-thirdsoftongue.
392.Inspermatogenesis,independent assortmentofpaternalandmaternalchromosomesoccursduring- a)Primarytosecondaryspermatocyte b)Spermatogoniatoprimaryspermatocyte c)Secondaryspermatocytetospermatids d)Spermatidstospermatozoa CorrectAnswer-AAnswer-A.PrimarytosecondaryspermatocyteInspermatogenesis,independentassortmentofpaternalandmaternalchromosomesoccursduringmeiosisI,inwhichprimaryspematocyte)to(2n)isconvertedintotwosecondaryspermatocytes(In).
393.Sacrotuberousligamentispiercedby a)Perforatingcutaneousnerve b)Posteriorfemoralcutaneous c)Superiorglutealnerve d)Sciaticnerve CorrectAnswer-AAns:APerforatingcutaneousnerveSacrotuberousligament(STL)-Stabiliserofsacro-iliacjoint.Connectsbonypelvistovertebralcolumn.StructurepiercingviaSTL-Perforatingcutaneousnerve.Perforatingcutaneousnerve:Cutaneousnervethatarisesfromthe52and53nerverootsofthesacralplexus.Supplieslowermedialpartofbuttock.
394.Liningepitheliumofvaginais a)Squamousepithelium b)Columnarepithelium c)Transitionalepithelium d)Secretoryepithelium CorrectAnswer-AAns:ASquamousepithelium(Ref:RameshBabup.24]Vaginalmucousmembraneislinedbynonkeratinizedstratifiedsquamousepithelium.
395.Tonguemusclesarederivedfrom a)Lateralplatemesoderm b)Occipitalmyotome c)Intermediatemesoderm d)Cervicalmyotome CorrectAnswer-BAns:BOccipitalmyotomeDevelopmentofthetongue:-I.Epithelium:Ant2/3--lingualswellingsof1starchandtuberculumimpar.Post1/3--largedorsalpartofhypobranchialeminence,i.e,3rdarch.Posteriormostpart--smalldorsalpartofthehypobranchialeminence,i.e.4tharch.II.Muscles:Derivedfromoccipitalmyotomesexceptpalatoglossuswhichisderivedfromthe6tharch.
396.Insertionoflevatorscapulaeis? a)Lateralborderofscapula b)Suprolateralpartofscapula c)Superiorpartofmedialscapulaborder d)Inferiorangleofscapula CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Superiorpartofmedialscapulaborder[RefRockwood,CharlesA.;Matsen,(2009).Theshoulder,VoI.1]Origin:*PosteriortuberclesoftransverseprocessesofC1-C4vertebrae.Insertion:*Superiorpartofmedialborderofscapula
397.Whichmusclesteadiestheclavicle duringmovementofshoulder? a)Pectoralismajor b)Latissimusdorsi c)Subclavius d)Serratusanterior CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Subclavius(Ref:Clinicalanatomyj'd/ep.1367)Subclaviussteadiestheclavicleduringmovementsofshoulder.
398.Whatisattachedtothesuperiornuchal line? a)Trapezius b)Scalenusanticus c)Coracobrachialis d)BicepsBrachii CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Trapezius[Ref:Snell'sth/ep.3a2lMusclesattachedtosuperiornuchallineOccipitalismuscle,ThespleniuscapitismuscleTrapeziusmuscle,Sternocleidomastoidmuscle
399.Sensorysupplyofthepalmisfrom whichnerves- a)MediannerveandRadialnerve b)Radialnerveandulnarnerve c)UlnarnerveandMediannerve d)MusculocutaneousnerveandRadialnerve CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,UlnarnerveandMediannerve(RelBDC5'h/eVoLIp.108-111)OnPalmside:Lateral2/3ofthepalmandlateralthreeandhalffibersMediannerve.Medial1/3ofthepalmandmedialoneandhalffingersUlnarnerve.
400.Nervesupplyofcervicalesophagus? a)Vagus b)Leftrecurrentlarynagealnerve c)Rightrecurrentlarynagealnerve d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-DAns.isd'.,Alloftheabove[RefClinicalanatomy3'd/ep.2891Nervesupplyofesophagus:Esophagusissuppliedbybothparasympatheticandsympatheticfibers.A)ParasympatheticsupplyItprovidessensory,motorandsecretomotorsupplytoesophagus.Completeparasympatheticinnervationisprovidedbyvagusnerve:- 1. Cervicalesophagus:Throughboth(right&left)recurrentlaryngeal nerve. 2. Upperthoracicesophagus:Throughleftrecurrentlaryngealnerve andbydirectbranchesfromvagusnerve. 3. Lowerthoracicesophagus:Throughesophagealplexus. B)SympatheticsupplyItprovidessensoryandvasomotorsupply.ItisprovidedbyTstoTcspinalsegments.
401.Whichveinisfoundattheapexofthe heart? a)Greatcardiacvein b)CoronarySinus c)Anteriorcardiacvein d)Middlecardiacvein CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Greatcardiacvein[RelBDC4n/eVoI.Ip.251-252;KeithMoore4e/ep.136-137;Snell's9/ep.1211GreatCardiacVein:Thegreatcardiacvein(leftcoronaryvein)beginsattheapexofheartandascendsalongtheanteriorlongitudinalsulcustothebaseofventricle.
402.Righthepaticveindrainswhichsegment oftheliver? a)I b)II c)IV d)VII CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,VII[RelGray's4fh/ep.1163-1167;Sabaton18h/ep.15841Segmentalanatomyoftheliver:Basedonthedistributionofportalveinandhepaticvein,Couinauddividedeachphysiological(functional)lobeofliverinto4segmentseachandhenceliverisdividedinto8segments.Thephysiologicalleftlobeiscomposedof4segmentsdesignatedItoIVandissuppliedbyleftbranchofhepaticartery,Ieftbranchofportalveinanddrainedbylefthepaticductandlefthepaticvein.ThephysiologicalrightlobeconsistsofsegmentV,VI,VIIandVIIIandissuppliedbyrighthepaticartery,rightbranchofportalveinanddrainedbyrighthepaticductandrighthepaticvein.
403.Lymphaticdrainageoflateralwallof nose a)Submandibularnodes b)Retropharyngealnodes c)Deepcervicalnodes d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,AlloftheaboveLymphaticdrainageofnoseisBYAnteriorhalfofnasalcavity(Bothseptumandlateralwall)-sSubmandibularnodesPosteriorhalfofnasalcavity(Bothseptumandlateralwall)Retropharyngealnodesandupperdeepcervicalnodes.
404.
Partofneuraltubefromwhichcorpuscallosumdevelops a)Basallamina b)Alarlamina c)Laminaterminalis d)Basalplate CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,LaminaterminalisThedevelopmentofthecorpuscallosumoccursbetweenthe12thand16-20thweeksofgestation6.Itbeginswiththegenuandthencontinuesposteriorlyalongthebodytothesplenium.Therostrumisthelastparttobeformed.Myelinationofthecorpuscallosumoccursintheoppositedirection,fromthespleniumforwards.Theydevelopfromlaminaterminaliswhichiscranialpartofneuraltubeandlaterliesintheanteriorwallof3'dventricle.Thecorpuscallosum,thelargestofcerebralcommissures,takestheformofanarchoverthethirdventricle.Itconnectstheneocorticesofbothsides.
405.Geneforeyemorphogenesis a)Pax-6 b)BMP-4 c)HOX-D13 d)HOX-A13 CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Pax-6ThePax-6genelocusisatranscriptionfactorforvariousgenesandgrowthfactorsinvolvedineyeformation.Pax-6isamastercontrolgeneforeyemorphogenesisandencodesforPairedboxproteinPax-6(alsocalledaniridiatypeIIproteinoroculorhombin).
406.Notattachedonmedialborderofscapula ? a)Serratusanterior b)Levatorscapulae c)Rhamboidesmajor d)Teresmajor CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,TeresmajorMusclesattachedtoscapulaare:-Coracoidprocess:-Tipofthecoracoidprocessgivesorigintocoracobrachialis(medially)andshortheadofthebicepslaterally.Theuppersurfacereceivesinsertionofpectoralisminor.Spineofscapulaandacromionprocess:-ThereisoriginofDeltoidandinsertionoftrapezius.Glenoidtubercle:-Supraglenoidtuberclegivesorigintothelongheadofbicepsandinfraglenoidtuberclegivesorigintolongheadoftriceps.Lateralborder:-Originsofteresminorandteresmajor.Medialborder:-Insertionsofserattusanterior(anteriorly);andrhomboideusmajor,rhomboideusminorandlevatorscapulae(posteriorly).Costal(anterior)surface(origin)Subscapularis.Dorsalsurface(origins)Supraspinatus,infraspinatusandatinferioranglelatissimusdorsi.
407.FloorofPetittriangleisformedby? a)Sacrospinalis b)Internaloblique c)Rectusabdominis d)FasciaTransversalis CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Internaloblique[RefTextbookofsurgicalanatomyp.148]BoundariesofPetittriangle(inferiorlumbartriangle)are?Base-IliaccrestAnteriorboundary(abdominalboundary)Posteriorborderofexternalobliquemuscle.Posteriorboundary(lumbarboundary)-Anteriorborderoflatissimusdorsi.Floorisformedbyinternalobliquemuscle.
408.Whichofthefollowingarisesfrom infraglenoidtubercle- a)Longheadofbiceps b)Longheadoftriceps c)Shortheadofbiceps d)Coracobrachialis CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,LongheadoftricepsSupraglenoidtubercleofscapula:originoflongheadofbiceps.Infraglenoidtubercleofscapula:originoflongheadoftriceps
409.Whatistrueaboutadductorsofthigh? a)Ischialheadofadductormagnusisanadductor b)Profundafemorisarteryisthemainbloodsupply c)Ischialheadofadductormagnusoriginatesfromadductor tubercle d)Adductormagnusisthelargestmuscle CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,AdductormagnusisthelargestmuscleIschialheadofadductormagnusisahamstringmuscle(notadductor).IschialheadofadductormagnusoriginatesfrominferolateralaspectofIschialtuberosity(notfromadductortubercle).Mainarteryofadductor(medial)compartmentofthighisobturatorartery(notprofundafemoris).Adductormagnusisthelargestmuscleoftheadductorcompartment.
410.Allaresuppliedbyanteriorinterosseous nerveexcept? a)Flexorcarpiulnaris b)Brachioradialis c)Abductorpollicisbrevis d)Flexorpollicislongus e)Flexordigitorumsuperficialis CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:EAns.is'a'i'e.,Flexorcarpiulnaris'b'i.e.,Brachioradialis;'c'i.e.,Abductorpollicisbrevis;&'e'i.e.,FlexordigitorumsuperficialTheanteriorinterosseousnerve(volarinterosseousnerve)isabranchofthemediannervethatsuppliesthedeepmusclesontheanterioroftheforearm,excepttheulnar(medial)halfoftheflexordigitorumprofundus.
411.Teresminorissuppliedby a)Suprascapularnerve b)Infrascapularnerve c)Thoracodorsalnerve d)Axillarynerve CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Axillarynerve[Ref:BDC6h/eVoI.lp.671Axillarynervesuppliesteresminoranddeltoid.
412.Numberoflobesinbreast a)5 b)10 c)15 d)30 CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,15lRef;BDCtr/eVol.Ip.361Breast(mammarygland)isamodifeilsweatglaadpresentinthesuperficialfasciaofpectoralregion.Itconsistsof15-20lobes.Verticallyitextendsfrom2ndto6thribsatmidclavicularlineandhorizontalextentisfromsternalmargintomidaxillarylineatthelevelof4hrib.
413.Contentofanatomicalsnuffbox a)Radialartery b)Brachialartery c)Ulnarartery d)Interosseusartery CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Radialartery[Ref:AKDuttap.861]Triangulardepressiononthedorsalandradialaspectofthehandbecomevisiblewhenthumbisfullyextended.BoundariesMedia/PosteriorTendonoftheextensorpollicislongus.Lateral/Anteriortendonoftheextensorpollicisbrevisandabductorpollicislongus,RoofSkinandfasciawithbeginningofcephalicveinandcrossedbysuperficialbranchoftheradialnerveFloorStyloidprocessofradius,trapezium,scaphoidandbaseoffirstmetacarpalContentsTheradialartery
414.Abductionandadductionoffootoccurs atwhichjoints a)Ankle b)Subtalar c)Tarso-metatarsal d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Subtalar[RetClinicalarthopaedicsp.7861Adductionandabductionoffootoccursmainlyatsubtalarjoint.Movementstakeplaceatanklearedorsiflexionandplantarflexion.InversionandeversiontakeplaceatSubtalarjointandmidtarsaljoints.
415.Contentoffemoralcanal a)Femoralbranchofgenitofemoralnerve b)Genitalbranchofgenitofemoralnerve c)Femoralvein d)Lymphnode CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Lymphnode[RefBDC5th/eVoI.2p.53,54]Femoralsheathisafunnelshapedfascialprolongationaroundproximalpartoffemoralvessels,situatedinthefemoraltriangle,belowtheinguinalligament.Itis3-4cmlong.ltisformedbyfasciailiaca.Femoralringbbounded:Anteriorlybyinguinalligament,mediallybythelacunarligament,posterior/bypectineuswithitscoveringfascia,andlaterallybyseptumseparatingitfromfemoralvein.FemoralcanalcontainslymphnodeofcloquetorRosenmullerandlymphatics.
416.Mostcommonligamentdamagedinknee injuryis a)ACL b)PCL c)MCL d)LCL CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,MCL[lRef;Textbookofsportsmedicine&/ep.l38l]Mostcommonlyinjuredligamentinknee-+Medialcollateralligament(MCL).MCLtearisthemostcommonkneeligamentinjury"MCLinjuryisthemostcommonligamentinjurytotheknee"PracticalorthopaedicssportsmedicineMCListhemostcommonlyinjuredkneeligament"ACListhe2ndmostcommonlyinjuredkneeligament,almostasfrequentasMCL.
417.Distanceofcricopharynxfromincisor teeth a)15cm b)22.5cm c)27.5cm d)40cm CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,15cm[Ref-BDCSn/eVol.lp.269]Cricopharynxisatthelevelofpharyngo-esophagealjunctioni.e.beginningofesophagus.Itsdistanceis15cm(6inches)fromincisor.Cardiacendislowerendofesophaguswhichisat40cmfromincisors.
418.Allveinsopeninsinusvenarumexcept- a)SVC b)Coronarysinus c)Anteriorcardiacvein d)Smallcardiacvein CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Smallcardiacvein[Ref:Gray's38e/ep.14791Smallcardiacveindoesnotopenintosinusvenarum(Posteriorsmoothpartofrightatrium).
419.Whichstructuredoesnotpassthrough superiorthoracicaperture- a)Rightvagus b)Rightbrachiocephalicartery c)Thoracicduct d)Rightrecurrentlaryngealnerve CorrectAnswer-DAns-Ans.is'd'i.e.,Rightrecurrentlaryngealnerve[Ref-BDC6h/eVol.lp.192]Thoracicinlet(superioraperture)Thenarrowupperendofthethorax,whichiscontinuouswiththeneckiscalledtheinletofthethorax'Thestructurepassingthroughtheinletare:-l.Vkcera:-Trachea,esophagus,apexoflungwithpleura,remainsofthethymus,thoracicduct.
420.Commonhepaticarteryisabranchof- a)Splenicartery b)Superiormesentericartery c)Inferiormesentericartery d)Coeliactrunk CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Coeliactrunk[RefBDC6h/eVoI.2p.2761Commonhepaticarteryisabranchofcoeliactrunk.
421.Esophagealvaricesoccurinwhich portionofesophagus? a)Upper b)Middle c)Lower d)Allsites CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Lower[Ref:AKDuttaP.275,2761Esophagealvaricesoccursatlowerendofesophagusduetoporto-cavalanastomosis.
422.Anorectalangleisformedduetoaction of- a)Internalanalsphincter b)Circularmusclelayerofsmoothmuscles c)Longitudinalmusclelayerofsmoothmuscle d)Puborectalis CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,PuborectalisTheano-rectalangle(ARA)istheanglebetweenlongitudinalaxisofrectum(whichisrepresentedbyposteriorrectalline)andlongitudinalaxisofanalcanal.Thenormalaveragevalueis95-96"(physiologicalrange65-100').ARAisanindirectindicatorofthepuborectalismuscleactivity.Duringmusclecontraction,ARAbecomesmoreacute,whileduringrelaxingphaseitbecomesobtuse.
423.Prostateanalogueinfemaleis- a)Skenegland b)Bulbourethralgland c)Greatvestibulargland d)Bartholin'sgland CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,SkeneglandlRef:Clinicalanatomyp.421]Prostateanologinfemal>Skeneglands(Periurethralglands).Uterusandvaginaanaloginmale>Prostaticutricle.
424.Tailofpancreasedevelopsfrom- a)Hepaticdiverticulum b)Dorsalpancreaticduct c)Ventralpancreaticduct d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Dorsalpancreaticduct[RefI.B.SinghVh/ep.28]
425.Haustrationsarepresentin- a)Duodenum b)Ileum c)Jejunum d)Colon CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Colon[RelBDC#/eVol.2p.2661 1. Characteristicsfeaturesoflargeintestine(colon)are:-i) 3longitudinalbands,formedbylongitudinalmusclecoat,calledTaeniaecoli. 2. Sacculationorhaustration3. Fatfilledperitonealpouchescalledappendicesepiploicae. Thesearenotfoundinappendix,caecumandrectum. 4. Greaterpartisfixedexceptforappendix,transversecolonand sigmoidcolon. 5. Pyere'spatches(presentinsmallintestine)arenotpresent.
426.
Anteriorrelationtoupperpartofrectuminmaleis- a)Rectovesicalpouch b)Sacrum c)Seminalvesicle d)Ductusdeference CorrectAnswer-AAnswer-is'a'i.e.,RectovesicalpouchlRef;BDCPleVol.2p.408}AnteriorlyInmalesTheuppertwo-thirdsoftherectumisrelatedtotherectovesicalpouchwithcoilsofintestineandsigmoidcolon.Thelowerone-thirdoftherectumisrelatedtothebaseoftheurinarybladder,theterminalpartsoftheureters,theseminalvesicles,thedifferentductsandtheprostate.
427.Sensorynervesupplyofgallbladderis through- a)Vagusnerve b)Trigeminalnerve c)Parasympatheticnerve d)Facialnerve CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Vagusnerve[RelBDC&/eVol.3p.2901PainsensoryfiberstogallbladderarethroughVagus,synpatheticandphrmicnerves.Thusgallbladderpainmaybereferredto-a)Throughvagustothestomach(epigastrium).Throughthesympatheticnervestotheinferiorangleoftherightscapula.Lateralhornofthoracic7segmentofspinalcordgivessympatheticfibrestocoeliacganglionthroughgreatersplanchnicnerve.T7segmentreceivespainfibresfromskinoverinferiorangleofscapula.Sovisceralpainisreferredtosomaticarea.Throughthephrenicnervetotherightshoulder(C4givesfibrestophrenicnerveandsupraclavicularnerves).
428.Ligamentwhichpreventsspleentofallin leftiliacfossa- a)Leinorenalligament b)Phrenicolicligament c)Upperpoleofrightkidney d)Sigmoidcolon CorrectAnswer-BAnswer-'b'i.e.,Phrenicolicligament[Ref:Gruy's4Uh/ep.1107,1108,12141Spleenliesinleftsideofabdomen(lefthypochondrium).Butenlargmentofspleen(splenomegaly)doesnotcauseextensionintoleftiliacfossa.Apathologicallyenlargedspleenextendsdownwardandmediallytowardsrightiliacfossabecauseprenicocolicligamentandleftcolicflexurepreventadirectdownwardenlargement.
429.Labourpaininuterusiscarriedby a)Parasympatheticnerves b)Sympatheticnerves c)Pudendalnerve d)Splanchnicnerve CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Sympatheticnerves[Ref:Clinicalobstetics3d/ep.9121Nervesupplyofuterus:Theuterusissuppliedbybothsystems,sympatheticandparasyrnpathetic.SympatheticsystemfibersarisefomTn,Ltsegmentsandcarrypainfulsensationsfromthebodyoftheuterus.ParasyrnpatheticfibersarisefromS2,S3,S4(inpelvicsplanchnicnerve)andcarrypainfulsensationsfromcenix.
430.Posteriorrelationofrightkidneyareall except- a)Diaphragm b)Subcostalnerve c)11thrib d)Ilioinguinalnerve CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,11thribPosteriorsurfaceofbothkidneyisrelatedtodiaphragm,medialandlateralarcuateligament,psoasmajor,quadratuslumborum,transversusabdominis,subcostalvessels,subcostalnerve,iliohypogastricnerve,andilioinguinalnerve.Inaddition,therightkidneyisrelatedto12thribandtheleftkidneyisrelatedto11thand12thribs.
431.NotTrueaboutbloodsupplyofkidney- a)RenalveindrainsintoIVC b)Renalarteryisabranchofcommoniliacartery c)RightrenalarterypassesbehindIVC d)Branchesofrenalarteryareendarteries CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Renalarteryisabranchofcommoniliacartery[Re/BDC&/eVol.2p.313-3171Eachkidneyissuppliedbyrenalartery(branchofabdominalaorta)andisdrainedbyrenalveintoIVC.Renalartery:-RightrenalarteryislongerandpassesbehindIVC.Branchesoftherenalarteryareendarteries.
432.
3'dpartofduodenumisnotrelated- a)Superiormesentericvessels b)Rightureter c)Headofpancreas d)Quadratelobeofliver CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Quadratelobeofliver[RefBDC6h/eVoL2p.2sg_262]Anterior:-SuperiormesentericvesselRootofmesenteryPosteriorRightureterRightpsoasmajorRighttesticularorovarianvesselsIVCAbdominalaortawithoriginofinferiormesentericarterySuperiorHeadofpancreaswithuncinateprocess.InferiorCoilsofjejunum
433.Correctsequenceofuterinebloodflow- a)UterineA-ArcuateARadialASpiralA b)UterineARadialA-ArcuateASpiralA c)UterineASpiralARadialAArcuateA d)UterineAArcuateASpiralA-RadialA CorrectAnswer-AAnswer-is'a'i.e.,UterineA-ArcuateARadialASpiralA[Ref:TextbookofOBGp.3061justPriortocontactwithuterus,theuterinearterygivesdescendinguterinearteryOaginalartery)whichsupplytheisthmus,cervixanduppervagina.Afterjoiningtheuterus,theuterinearteryascendsalongthelateralmarginofuterusasascendinguterineartery.Asendinguterinearterygivesseveralbranchesbetweenmiddleandouterthirdsofmyometrium.Thesearecalledarcuatearteriesbecauseoftheirsemicircularcourse.Arcuatearteriesgiveradialarterieswhichinturnterminateasspiralarteriole.
434.Sternocleidomastoidmuscleisexamined by a)Turningtheheadtowardsthesameside b)Turningtheheadtowardsoppositeside c)Shruggingofshoulder d)Overheadabduction CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Turningtheheadtowardsoppositeside[RelBDC6h/eVoI.3p.89]Contractionofonesideofsternocleidomastoidcauses: 1. Tilting(bending)ofheadonsameside2. Turning(rotation)offaceandheadonoppositeside,whichcan beappreciatedasturningofchintooppositeside
435.Stapediuspullsstapesinwhichdirection - a)Anterior b)Superior c)Inferior d)Posterior CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Posterior[Ref:Textbookofauditoryprocessingp.361Contractionofthestapediusmusclepullsthestapesheadinposteriordirection.Contractionoftensortympanipullsthemalleusandtympanicmembraneinwardwithalateraltomedialmotion.ContractionofthesemusclesstiffenthetympanicmembraneandossicularchaintherebyreducingthemobilityofthemiddleearanddecreasingthesensitIVItyofeartoair-conductedsound.
436.Majorcentralnucleusofsympathetic systemis a)Nucleusambiguus b)Nucleustractussolitarius c)Edinger-Westphalnucleus d)Hypothalamus CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,HypothalamusThehighestseatofregulationofautonomicnervoussystem(bothsympathetic¶sympathetic)ishypothalamus.
437.Dangerousareaofscalpis- a)Superficialfacia b)Aponeurosis c)Subaponeurotictissue d)Pericranium CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,SubaponeurotictissueLoosesubaponeuroticareolartissue(4slayer)iscalleddangerousareaofscalpbecauseitcontainsemissaryveinsthroughwhichinfectioninsubaponeuroticspacemayspreadreadilytointracranialvenoussinuses
438.Whichnerveispreservedindissecting thesuperficialanddeeplobesofparotidgland- a)Glossopharyngeal b)Hypoglossal c)Lingual d)Facial CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Facial[Ref-AnatomyrecallbyjaredAntevil]Thefacialnerveseparatesparotidglandintosuperficialanddeeplobes.Mandibularbranchoffacialnerveismostvulnerabletoinjuryduringparotidsurgery
439.Whichintrinsicocularmuscleissupplied byparasympatheticinnervation- a)Superiorrectus b)Superioroblique c)Constrictorpupillae d)Dilatorpupillae CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Constrictorpupillae[Ref:Gray's39h/ep.7101Intraocularmuscles(intraocularmuscles)Intraocularmusclesare-A)MusclesofirisTherearetwotypesofmusclesiniristhatcontrolthesizeofpupil: 1. Theirissphinctororconstrictorpupillae(circularmuscles):- ThesemusclesareinnervatedbythepostganglionicparasympatheticfibresfromEdingerwestphalnucleusvia3'dnerveandciliaryganglion.Thesemusclescauseconstrictionofpupil(Miosis). 2. Theirisdilatorordilatorpupillae(railialmuscles)These musclesareinnervatedbysympatheticsystemviapostganglionicsympatheticfibresforthedilatorpupillaefromneuronsinthesuperiorcervicalganglion.Thesemusclescausepupillarydilatation(mydriasis).B)Ciliarymuscles;-->theseareinnervatedbythepostganglionicparasympatheticfibersfromEWNvia3rdnerveandciliaryganglion.Thesemuscleshelpinaccommodation.
440.Lipsdoesnotdrainintowhichgroupof lymphnodes? a)Submandibularnodes b)Sublingualnodes c)Preauricularparotid d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Preauricularparotid[Ref:BDCfi/eVol.3p.72-751Thefacepossessesthreeareasfromwhichlymphaticdrainageisasfollows:- 1. Upperarea,comparisongreaterpartofforehead,lateralYzof eyelids,conjunctiva,lateralpartofcheekandparotidarea,drainsintopreauricular(superficial)parotidnodes. 2. Middlearea,comprisingcentralpartofforehead,externalnose, upperlip,lateralpartoflowerlip,medialhalvesofeyelids,medialpartofcheek,andgreaterpartoflowerjaw,drainsintosubmandibularnodes. 3. Lowerarea,includingcentralpartoflowerlipandthechin, drainsintosubmentalnodes.
441.Secretomotorfiberstoparotidglandsare through- a)Tympanicplexus b)Geniculateganglion c)Greaterpetrosalnerve d)None CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'Ai.e.,Tympanicplexus(Ref:BDC@/eVol.3p.111).
442.Featuresoffacialnervepalsyareall except- a)Lossofsalivation b)Lossoflacrimation c)Facialmuscleparalysis d)Lossoftastesensationfromposteriortongue CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Lossoftastesensationfromposteriortongue[Ref:Dhingra5'h/ep.105,106;Gray's39h/ep.12131Facialnerveparalysisproducesfollowingmanifestations:Weaknessofthemusclesoffacialexpressionandeveclosure.whichresultsin: 1. Absenceofnasolabialfold.2. Widepalpebralfissure3. Epiphora4. Droopingofangleofmouth5. Lossofwrinklesofforehead6. Thefacesagsandisdrawnacrosstotheoppositesideon smiling. 7. Voluntaryeyeclosuremaynotbepossibleandcanproduce damagetotheconjunctivaandcornea.Inpartialparalysis,thelowerfaceisgenerallymoreaffected.Lossoftastesensationoveranterior2/3ofthetongue.Intolerancetohigh-pitchedorloudnoises,i.e.Hyperacusis(duetostapediusmuscleparalysis)Lossoflacrimationandsalivationoccur
443.Nerve3tdventricleisthecavityof- a)Mesencephalon b)Rhombencephalon c)Diencephalon d)Telencephalon CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Diencephalon(Ref:BDCVol.-36h/ep.324,441) PartofBrain Cavity A)-forebrain(prosencephalon) Lateralventricle i.Telencephalon(cerebrum) Thirdventricle ii.Diencephalon(Thalamencephalon)B)-midbrain(mesencephalon) Cerebralaqueduct C)-Hindbrain(rhombencephalon) FourthVentricle
444.Occulomotornucleusislocatedin- a)Forebrain b)Midbrain c)Pons d)Medulla CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,MidbrainlRef:BDC6/eVol.3p'3501CranialnervesI,IIForebrainCranialnervesIII,IVMidbrainCranialnervesV,VI,VII,VUIPonsCranialnervesIX,X,Xl,XllMedulla
445.Whichofthefollowingispuresensory nerve? a)Trigeminal b)Abducent c)Trochlear d)Olfactory CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Olfactory CranialnervesPure Puremotor Mixed sensory Oculomotor(III)Trochlear(IV) Olfactory Abducent(VI) Trigeminal(V) (I) Vestibulocochlear Facial(VII)Glossopharyngeal(IX) Optic(II) (VIII) Vagus(X) Accessory(XI)Hypoglossal(XII)
446.OlfactoryGreatcerebralveinofGalen drainsinto- a)Cavernoussinus b)Basalvein c)Internalcerebralvein d)Straightsinus CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,StraightsinusGreatcerebralveinofGalenisformedbytheunionoftwointernalcerebralveins.Itis2cmlong.Itisdrainsintothestraightsinus.
447.Superficialmiddlecerebralveindrains into- a)Internalcerebralvein b)Cavernoussinus c)GreatcerebralveinofGalen d)Straightsinus CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Cavernoussinus[RefTextbookofneuroanatomyp.189]SuperficialmiddlecerebralveinItrunsalongtheposteriorramusandstemoflateralsulcus.Itdrainsbloodfromsuperolateralsurfaceofthecerebralhemisphereintothecavernoussinus.ItcommunicateswiththesuperiorsagittalandtransversesinusthroughveinofTrolardandveinofLabberespectively.
448.Majorsupplyofmedialsurfaceof cerebralhemisphere a)Anteriorcerebralartery b)Posteriorcerebralartery c)Middlecerebralartery d)Posteriorinferiorcerebellarartery CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Anteriorcerebralartery[Ref:BDC6th/eVol.3p.461,462]Cerebralcortexissuppliedbybranchesofallthreecerebralarteries.Allthethreesurfacereceivebranchesfromallthreearteries.Buteachsurfaceissuppliedpredominantlybyoneartery:? 1. Middlecerebralarteryisthemainarteryonsuperolateralsurface.2. Anteriorcerebralarteryischiefarteryonmedialsurface.3. Posteriorcerebralarteryisprincipalarteryoninferiorsurface
449.Whichnucleusisnotseeninfloorofthe 4thventricle- a)Abducensnucleus b)Facialnucleus c)Dorsalvagalnucleus d)Hypoglossalnucleus CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Facialnucleus{RefBDCVoI.3&/ep.410;Last'sl2n/ep.482,483}Medialeminenceispresentineachsideofmediansulcus.Itpresentsfacialcolliculusformedbygenu(recurvingfibers)offacialnerveloopingaroundabducensnucleus.Facialcolliculusliesinpons(i.e.inpontinepartoffloor).Hypoglossaltriangleoverlyingthehypoglossalnucleusandvagaltriangleoverlyingdorsalnucleusofvagus.Bothofthesetriangleliesinthemedulla(medullarypartoffloor)
450.Ventraltegmentaldecussationin cerebralpeduncleisdueto- a)Tectospinaltract b)Tectobulbartract c)Vestibulospinaltract d)Rubrospinaltract CorrectAnswer-DAns.isd'ie.,Rubrospinaltract[Ref:BDC6th/eVol.3p.398]VentraltegmentaldecussationFormedbydecussationofrubrospinaltract.DorsaltegmentaldecussationFormedbydecussationoftectospinalandtectobulbartracts.
451.Oxynticcellsarepresentin- a)Pylorus b)Cardiacnotch c)Body d)None CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,BodyOxyntic.cellsarepresentinprincipalglandsofbodyandfundus.Theseglandsarefoundinbodyandfundus.Theseglandscontainmainlychief(pepticorzymogen)cellsandparietal(oxyntic)cells.Theseglandsalsocontainmucousneckcells,stemcellsandenteroendocrinecells(argentaffincells).
452.Firstbonetostartossifying- a)Femur b)Tibia c)Scapula d)Mandible CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Mandible[Ref:T*tbookofanatomywithcolorAtlasp.I32l'Themandibleisoneofthefirstbonesinthebodytostartossifyingbeingnextinthisrespectonlytotheclavicle..Thus,FirstbonetostartossifyingClavicle.SecondbonetostartossifyingMandible.
453.Hilton'slawisrelatedto- a)Venousdrainage b)Bloodsupply c)Nerveinnervation d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Nerveinnervation[RelTextbookoperativeorthopaedicsp.7861Hilton,slawstatesthatnervescrossingajointsuppliesthatjointbygivingbranchingtothatjoint
454.Spermatogenesisbeginsat- a)Birth b)5years c)Puberty d)18years CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Puberty[Ref:Clinicalembryology3'd/ep'311]Spermatogenesisreferstotheprocessofformationofspermatozoa(sperm)fromprimititegermcells(spetmatogonia)'spermatogenesisbeginsatpubertyandcontinuesthroughoutadultlifetodeclineinoldage.
455.Whichisnotastageofprophase- a)Diakinesis b)Leptotene c)Zygotene d)Arachytene CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,ArachytenelRef:EssentialsofmedicalgeneticsbyA'K'Dutta4'h/ep'111
456.Fossaovalisisaremnantof- a)Septumprimum b)Septumsecundum c)Septumspurium d)AVcushion CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,SeptumprimumlRef:ReadbeloulActually'floorofthefossaovalisrepresentsseptumprimum.Fullfossaovalisisaremnantofforamenovale
457.Fibrousstromaofliverisderivedfrom- a)Foregutendoderm b)Midgutendoderm c)Hindgutendoderm d)Septumtransversum CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'di.e.,SeptumtransversumDevelopmentOfliverLiverisdevelopedfrom-i)Endodermofforegut(endodermaldiverticulum):Mostoftheliver(includinghepatocytes)isderivedfromforegutendoderm.ii)Septnmtransversummesenchyme(mesoderm):Itgivesrisetoligamentsoftheliver(exceptligamentumteres),kupffercells,hematopoieticcells,sinusoidsandfibrous-areolarstromaofliver'Ligamentumteresisderivedfromleftumbilicalvein.
458.Hearttubeisformedat- a)3weeks b)6weeks c)10weeks d)12weeks CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,3weeks[Ref:EmbryologybyInduKhuranap.209]'Tubularheartisformedattheendof3dweek"
459.Hearttubeisformedin a)Hyaluronicacidsecretedbyendocardium b)Chondroitinsulfatesecretedbyendocardium c)Hyaluronicacidsecretedbymyocardium d)Chondroitinsulfatesecretedbymyocardium CorrectAnswer-CAns-Ans.is'c'i.e.,Hyaluronicacidsecretedbymyocardium[RefTextbookofHumanEmbryologp.7861Cardiacjellyisathickextracellularmatrixrichinhyaluronicacid.Itseparatesendothelialhearttubefrommyocardium.Cardiacjellyissecretedbymyocardium.
460.Remnantofumbilicalartery a)Ligamentumarteriosum b)Ligamentteres c)Ligamentumvenosum d)Medialumbilicalligament CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Medialumbilicalligament{Ref:Garg2d/ep.2151} Embryonicpart Remnants Ductusarteriosus Ligamentumarteriosum Umbilicalartery Proximalpart:-Superiorvesicalartery.Distalpart:-Medialumbilicalligament Umbilicalvein(left) Ligamentumteres Ductusvenosus Ligamentumvenosus Septumprimurn Flooroffossaovalis Septumseconclum Annulusovalis/Limbusfossaovalis
461.Falseaboutlimbusfossaovalis- a)Situatedabovefossaovalis b)Inrightatrium c)Derivedfromseptumprimum d)AlsocalledAnnulusovalis CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,DerivedfromseptumprimumLimbusfossaovalis(alsocalledannulusovalis)isathickenedriminrightatrium,presentabovethefossaovalis.Itrepresentsthelowerfreemarginofseptumsecundum.(notseptumprimum.
462.Sertolicellsarederivedfrom- a)Genitaltubercle b)Genitalswelling c)Primordialgermcells d)Germinalepithelium CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Germinalepithelium[RefI.B.Singhembryology9thiep.278]Testisdevelopsatgenitalridge(urogenitalridge).'Primordialgermcells'aredevelopedinthe4thweekbyproliferationofendodermalcellsofthedorsalwallofhindgut(partofyolksac).Theprimordialgermcellsmigrateintogenitalridge,whereproliferationofbothgerminalandnongerminalcellsleadstoformationofgonads.Genitalridgeiscoveredbygerminalepithelium(previouscoelomicepithelium),whichproliferatesandformssexcords(primitiveseminiferouscords).Largenumberofsertolicellsarederivedfromthesesexcords.Lyedigcellsarealsoderivedfromsexcord,whichinturnisderivedfromgerminalepithelium.
463.Prolactinsecretingglanddevelopsfrom- a)Infundibulum b)Rathke'spouch c)Tubercinereum d)3rdventricle CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Rathke'spouchProlactinissecretedbyanteriorlobeofpituitarywhichdevelopsfromRathke'spouch.
464.Posteriorcardinalveindevelopsinto- a)Commoniliacvein b)Superiorvenacava c)Internaljugularvein d)Externaljugularvein CorrectAnswer-AAnswer-a'i.e.,CommoniliacveinfRef:Textbookofembryologyp.786Derivativesofposteriorcardinalveins,subcardinalveinsandsupracardinalveinsare:1.Inferiorvenacavaisderivedfrom:? 1. HepaticsegmentofIVCisderivedfrom:(i)righthepaticcardiac channel,and(ii)anastomoticchannelbetweensubcardinalveinandrighthepaticcardiacchannel. 2. RenalsegmentofIVCisderivedfromrightsubcardinalvein.This partreceivesbothrenalandsuprarenalveins. 3. PostrenalsegmentofIVC(majorpartofIVC)isformedby(i) anastomosisbetweenrightsupracardinalandsubcardinalveins,(ii)rightsupracardinalvein(lowerpart),and(iii)rightposteriorcardinalvein(lowestpart).2.Gonadalveinsdevelopfromsubcardinalveins(distalpartbelowinter-subcardinalorrenalanastomosis).3.Suprarenalveinsdevelopfromsubcardinalveins(proximalpartaboveinter-subcardinalorrenalanastomosis).4.Rightcommoniliacveinisderivedfromtherightposteriorcardinalvein(mostcaudalpart).5.Leftcommoniliacveindevelopsfromtransverseanastomosisbetweenlowerendofposteriorcardinalveins.
6.RightrenalveinisamesonephricveinthatdrainsintorenalsegmentofIVC(whichisderivedfromtheupperpartofrightsubcardinalvein).7.Leftrenalveindevelopsfromthreesources:(i)mesonephricvein(drainintoleftsubcardinalvein),(ii)leftsubcardinalvein(smallpart),and(ii)pre-aorticintersubcardinalanastomosis
465.Superiorvenacavadevelopsfrom- a)Rightanteriorcardinalvein b)Leftanteriorcardinalvein c)Leftcommoncardinalvein d)Rightsubcardinalvein CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,RightanteriorcardinalveinlRef:Textbookofembryologltp.7861Superiorvenacava(SVC)isderivedfrom 1. rightanteriorcardinalvein(proximaltobrachiocephalic anastomosis),and 2. rightcommoncardinalvein.
466.Whichofthefollowingisaderivativeof Rathke'spouch- a)Parstuberalis b)Neurohypophysis c)Posteriorpituitary d)Pinealgland CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,ParstuberalislRef:Textbookofembryologyp.7861TheRathke'spouchisanectodermalupgrowthfromthestomodaeuminfrontofbuccopharyngealmembraneThederivativesofRathke'spouchgiverisetothevariouscomponentsoftheanteriorpituitary: 1. Anteriorlobe2. Parstuberalis3. Parsdistalis4. Parsintermedia
467.Whichofglialcellismesodermalin origin- a)Macroglialcells b)Microglialcells c)Oligodendrocytes d)Ependymalcells CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,MicroglialcellsMicroglialcellsarederivedfrommesenchymal(mesodermal)cells
468.Whatstructurepassesthroughthe quandrangularspace? a)Axillarynerve b)Radialnerve c)Mediannerve d)BrachialArtery CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,AxillarynervelRefCampbell's12h/ep.22131Axillarynerveandposteriorcircumflexhumeralvesselsaretransmittedthroughquadrangularspace
469.Lowerlimitofsuperiormediastinumisat whichlevel- a)Ti b)T1 c)T8 d)T10 CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,T1[Ref.BDC&/evol.lp.245]Mediastinumisintrapleuralspaceboundedoneithersidebymediastinalpleura,anteriorlybysternumandposteriorlybythoracicvertebralcolumn.ItisdividedintosuperiorandinferiormediastinumbyalinepassingthroughsternalangleandlowerborderofTnvertebra.
470.Whichofthefollowingisnotthemuscles ofsuperficalanteriorcompartmentofforearm? a)FDS b)FPL c)FCR d)Palmarislongus CorrectAnswer-BAns.B.FPLMusclesofsuperficialanteriorcompartmentofforearm:ECR,FDS,FCU,Pronatorteres,palmarislongusMusclesofdeepanteriorcompartmentofforearm:FDP,FPL,Pronatorquadrantus.
471.Incaseofaberrantobturatorartery,it arisesmostcommonlyfrom? a)Commoniliacartery b)Femoralartery c)Profundafemorisartery d)Inferiorepigastricartery CorrectAnswer-DAns.D.Inferiorepigastricartery
472.Chiefarteryoflateralsurfaceofcerebral hemisphere? a)Anteriorcerebralartery b)Posteriorcerebralartery c)Middlecerebralartery d)Posteriorinferiorcerebellarartery CorrectAnswer-CAns.C.Middlecerebralartery
473.Whichofthefollowingisremnantof distalumbilicalartery? a)LigamentumTeres b)SuperiorVescicalartery c)MedialumbilicalLigament d)Ligamentumarteriosum CorrectAnswer-CAns.C.MedialumbilicalLigamentRemnantofumbilicalartery:- 1. Proximalpart:Superiorvesicalartery2. Distalpart:Medialumbilicalligament
474.Femaleurethradevelopsfrom- a)Urogenitalsinus b)Mesonephricduct c)Uretericbud d)MetanephricBlastema CorrectAnswer-AAns.A.UrogenitalsinusThefemaleurethraismainlyderivedfromtheurogenitalsinuswhiletheurethralplateformsthevestibuleandlabiaminora.
475.Allofthefollowinghelpinformationof IVCexcept- a)Theposteriorintercardinalanastomosis b)Terminalportionofrightvitellinevein c)Segmentofrightcardinalvein d)Subcardinalsinus CorrectAnswer-DAns.D.SubcardinalsinusTheinferiorvenacavaiscomposedof(fromcaudaltocranial): 1. Posteriorintercardinalanastomosis.2. Thecaudalportionoftherightsupracardinalvein.3. Therightanastomosisbetweenthesupracardinalandthe subcardinalveins. 4. Asegmentoftherightsubcardinalvein.5. Theanastomosisbetweentherightsubcardinalandrightvitelline veins. 6. Theterminalportionoftherightvitellinevein.
476.Kidneyparenchymaisderivedfrom- a)Uretericbud b)Mesonephros c)Metanephros d)Paramesonephros CorrectAnswer-CAns.C.MetanephrosMetanephros:Thissystemwillformthenephronsandparenchymaofthedefinitivekidney.
477.Leptoteneandpachytenearestages ofwhichphasesofmeiosis- a)ProphaseI b)MetaphaseI c)AnaphaseII d)TelophaseII CorrectAnswer-AAns.A.ProphaseIMeiosis1isdividedintofollowingphases:-l)Prophase1:Itisfurtherdividedintofollowingstages:- 1. Leptotene2. zygotene3. Pachytene4. Diplotene5. Diakinais 2)Metaphase13)Anaphase14)Telophase1
478.Pelvickidneysareduetoallexcept? a)Inabilitytoascendduringfetallife b)Fusionofthelowerpoles c)Beingblockedbybranchesoftheaorta d)p53mutation CorrectAnswer-DAns.D.p53mutationPelvickidneyAfetalpelvickidneyisaconditionthatresultswhenthekidneysfailtoascendtotheirnormalpositionabovethewaistandremaininthepelvisbecausetheyareblockedbybloodvesselsintheaorta.Developingkidneysmayalsofusetogethercausingwhatisknownasa'horseshoekidney"Afetalpelvickidneyorhorseshoekidneyisgenerallydiagnosedbyultrasound(sonogram)examinationbeforebirth.Evaluationofthekidneysispartoftheroutineultrasoundexaminationdonebymanyobstetriciansaspartoftheirprenatalcarearoundthe20sweekofpregnancy.
479.Cryptamagnadevelopsfromwhich pouch? a)1st b)2nd c)3rd d)4th CorrectAnswer-BAns.B.2ndMedialsurfaceofeachtonsilhas15-20crypts,thelargestofwhichiscalledIntratonsillarcleftorcryptomagna(whichrepresentspersistenceoftheventralportionofthesecondpharyngealpouch).
480.Whichofthefollowingisatraction epiphysis? a)DistalRadius b)Mastoidprocess c)TibialCondyles d)CoracoidProcess CorrectAnswer-BAns.B.Mastoidprocess
481.Allofthefollowingaretrueaboutthe liverexcept? a)ItiscoveredbyGlisson'scapsule b)StellatecellsarepresentinthespaceofDisse c)Kupfercellsarethedefensecells d)Thelobulesintheliverarepentagonal CorrectAnswer-DAns.D.ThelobulesintheliverarepentagonalLiverhashexagonallobules
482.Hering'scanalispresentin? a)Spleen b)Liver c)Kidney d)Lung CorrectAnswer-BAns,B.Liver1hecanalofHeringorintrahepaticbileductulesarepartofoutflowsystemofexocrinebileproductfromtheliver.Theyarefoundbetweenthebilecanaliculiandinterlobularbileductsneartheouteredgeofliverlobule.
483.Herring'sbodiesarepresentin? a)Parstuberalis b)Parsintermedia c)Neurohypophysis d)Parsterminalis CorrectAnswer-CAns.C.NeurohypophysisHerringbodiesorneurosecretorybodiesarestructuresfoundintheposteriorpituitary(neurohypophysis).
484.Allofthefollowingaretrueabout thymusexcept? a)Thecorticalportionismainlycomposedoflymphocytes b)ThemedullacontainsHassall'sCorpuscles c)ItisderivedfromthefourthPharyngealpouch d)Itundergoesatrophypubertyonwards CorrectAnswer-CAns.C.ItisderivedfromthefourthPharyngealpouchThethymusisaspecializedprimarylymphoidorganoftheimmunesystem.Withinthethymus,TcellsorTlymphocytesmature.Thethymusislargestandmostactiveduringtheneonatalandpre-adolescentperiods.Bytheearlyteens,thethymusbeginstoatrophyandthymicstromaismostlyreplacedbyadipose(fat)tissueThymusisderivedfromthethirdpharyngealpouch
485.Whichofthefollowinglayerisabsentin theesophagusa- a)Adventitia b)Serosa c)Muscularispropria d)Mucosa CorrectAnswer-BAns.B.SerosaTheesophagusalsohasanadventitia,butnotaserosa
486.Whichisthemostabundantcartilage- a)Hyalinecartilage b)Elasticcartilage c)Fibrocartilage d)None CorrectAnswer-AAns.A.Hyalinecartilage
487.Whatistheliningofthelacrimalgland alveoli? a)Ciliatedcolumnarcells b)Pyramidalcells c)Nonkeratinizingsquamousepithelium d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.B.PyramidalcellsAlveolioftheglandarelinedbypyramidalcells,whichshowlightlystainedapicalsecretarygranules.
488.Whattypeofmusclesaremedialtwo lumbricals? a)Unipennate b)Bipennate c)Multipennate d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.B.Bipennate
489.Whatisthelevelofthespineofscapula? a)T7 b)TI0 c)T4 d)T2 CorrectAnswer-CAns.C.T4SpineofscapulaisatT3T4level
490.Whichofthefollowingmusclescarries outshoulderabductionfrom15to90degrees? a)Suprapinatus b)Trapezius c)Deltoid d)SerratusAnterior CorrectAnswer-CAns.C.Deltoid
491.Whichmuscleactingonthethumbhas dualnervesupply? a)FlexorPollicisLongus b)FlexorPollicisbrevis c)AdductorPollicis d)OpponensPollicis CorrectAnswer-BAns.B.FlexorPollicisbrevis
492.WhatisWartenberg'ssign? a)InabilitytomaintainIntrinsicplusposition b)Inabilitytoadductsmallfingeragainsttheringfinger c)Inabilitytograspabookbetweenthethumbandindexfinger d)Inabilitytomovethemiddlefingersideways CorrectAnswer-BAns,B.InabilitytoadductsmallfingeragainsttheringfingerWartenberg'ssignisinabilitytoadductthesmallfingerinagainsttheringfngerduetoweaknessofpalmarinterosseousmuscles.
493.Sensoryregionoftheulnarnerveis? a)Tipoflittlefinger b)Tipofindexfinger c)1stwebspace d)Lateralupperaspectofarm CorrectAnswer-AAns.A.Tipoflittlefinger
494.Pulpoftheindexfingerissuppliedby a)Mediannerve b)Radialnerve c)Ulnarnerve d)Axillarynerve CorrectAnswer-AAns,A.Mediannerve
495.Lowradialnerve[justafterspiralgroove] palsydoesnotproduce? a)Lossofwristextention b)Lossofelbowextention c)Lossoffingerextention d)Lossofthumbextention CorrectAnswer-BAns.B.LossofelbowextentionLowradialnervepalsyInjuryisafterthespirdgroove.Lowradialnervepalsymaybeoftwotypes:i)TypeI:-Injuryoccursbetweenthespiralgrooveandelbowjoint.Musclesinvolvementis:- 1. Elbowertensors(Triceps,anconeus)arespared.2. Wrist,elbowandfingerextensorsareparalysed.3. Sensorylossinfirstwebspace(ondorsalside) Ii)TypeII:-Injuryoccursbelowtheelbowjoint. 1. Elbowextensors(triceps,anconeus)andwristextensors(ECRL)are spared. 2. Fingerextensors(extensordigitorum,extensordigitiminimi, extensorindicis)andthumbextensors(extensorpollicisclongus&brevis)areparalysed. 3. Sensorylossinfirstwebspace(ondorsalside). Iflesionislowa)Type1Wristdrop,thumbdropandfingerdrop.Elbowextensionispreserved.Sensorylossoverthedorsumoffirstwebspace.
b)Type2ThumbdropandfingerdropElbowandwristextensionispreservedSensorylossoverthedorsumoffirstwebspace
496.Infraspinousfossaofscapulacontains whichofthefollowingmuscles? a)Subscapularis b)Infraspinatus c)Teresmajor d)Supraspinatus CorrectAnswer-BAns.B.InfraspinatusInfraspinatusattachesmediallytotheinfraspinousfossaofthescapulaandlaterallytothemiddlefacetofthegreatertubercleofthehumerus.
497.Coracoacromialligamentresistswhich movements? a)Upwarddisplacementofhumeralhead b)Abductionofshoulder c)Inferiordisplacementofhumerus d)Externalrotation CorrectAnswer-AAns.A.UpwarddisplacementofhumeralheadThecoracoacromialligamentisaflattriangularbandthatplaysasupportiverolefortheshoulderjoint.CoracoacromialpreventsUpwarddisplacementofhumeralhead.Ithastwopart,conoid(medial)andtrapezoid(lateral).Theweightoftheupperlimbistransmittedtothemedialtwo-thirdoftheclavicleandthencetotheaxialskeletonthroughthecoraco-clavicularligment.
498.Coracohumeralligamentinsertson? a)Greatertuberosity b)Lesserandgreatertuberosities c)Anatomicalneckofhumerus d)Bicepetalgroove CorrectAnswer-BAns.B.LesserandgreatertuberositiesCoracohumeralligament:Anextraarticularligamentonthelateralsurfaceofcoracoidandinsertsintothegreaterandlessertuberosities,spanningthebicipitalgroove.Sectioningofcoracohumeralligamentsproducesanteroinferiorinstability.Representsfoldedthickeningofglenohumeralcapsuleinareaofrotatorintervalbetweensubscapularis&supraspinatus.W/bodyupright&armindependentposition,coracohumeral&MGHLplayimportantrolesinresistinginftranslation.
499.Whatistheactionofanconeus? a)Primaryelbowextensor b)AssistsExtensionofelbow c)Wristextension d)ThumbAbduction CorrectAnswer-BAns.B.AssistsExtensionofelbowAnconeus=Itsroleinelbowextensionistrivialinhumans.Itassistsinextensionoftheelbow,wherethetricepsbrachiiistheprincipalagonist,andsupportstheelbowinfullextension.
500.Whichmusclehelpsinclimbingatree? a)LatissimusDorsi b)Rhomboideus c)Trapezius d)Levatorscapulae CorrectAnswer-AAns.A.LatissimusDorsiClimbingoftreeishelpedby: 1. LatissimusDorsi2. Pectoralismajor LatissimusDorsiisalsoknownas"climber'smuscle"or"Treeclimbingmuscle".
501.Posteriorinterosseusarteryisabranch of? a)Commoninterosseusartery b)Radialartery c)Medianartery d)Brachialartery CorrectAnswer-AAns.A.CommoninterosseusarteryThecommoninterosseousartery,about1cm.inlength,arisesimmediatelybelowthetuberosityoftheradiusfromtheulnarartery.
502.Whichmuscleprotectsthebrachial plexusincaseofclaviclefractures? a)Subclavius b)Supraspinatus c)Subscapularius d)TeresMinor CorrectAnswer-AAns.A.SubclaviusThesubclaviusprotectstheunderlyingbrachialplexusandsubclavianvesselsfromabrokenclavicle.
503.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutdeep palmararch? a)Mainlyformedbytheradialartery b)Ulnararteryhasnocontributiontoit c)Itgivesoff5perforatingbranches d)Itdoesnotanastomosewiththesuperficialpalmararch CorrectAnswer-AAns.A.MainlyformedbytheradialarteryDeeppalmararchItliesacrossthebaseofmetacarpalbones.Itisformedmainlybyradialarteryandcompletedbyadeepbranchoftheulnarartery.Itsbranchesare:-ThreepalmarmetacarpalarteriesThreeperforatingarteriesRecurrentbranchesThedeeppalmararchliesdeeptotheobliqueheadofadductorpollicis,longflexortendon,andlumbricalmusclesandpassesacrossthebaseofmetacarpalandinterossei.
504.
Whichpartofscapulacanbepalpatedintheinfraclavicularfossa? a)Coracoidprocess b)Spineofscapula c)Inferiorangle d)Supraspinousfossa CorrectAnswer-AAns.A.CoracoidprocessThecoracoidprocessisathickcurvedprocessattachedbyabroadbasetotheupperpartoftheneckofthescapula;itrunsatfirstupwardandmedialward;then,becomingsmaller,itchangesitsdirection,andprojectsforwardandlateralward.Itispalpablejustbelowtheclavicle.
505.Flexorcarpiradialisinsertsinto? a)Baseof5thmetatarsal b)Baseof2ndand3rdmetacarpal c)Scaphoidandtrapezium d)Capitateandhamate CorrectAnswer-BAns.,B.Baseof2ndand3rdmetacarpalFlexorcarpiradialisOrigin:Medialepicondyleofthehumerus.Insertion:Baseofsecondandthirdmetacarpals.Nervesupply:Mediannerve.Action:Pronatoroftheforearm,weakflexorofelbow.
506.Whatistrueaboutlateraltibialcondyle? a)Iliotibialtractisattachedtothelateralcondyleoftibia b)Ligamentumpatellaeinsertsonit c)Medialcollateralligamentisattachedtoit d)Semimembranosusisattachedtoit CorrectAnswer-AAns.A.Iliotibialtractisattachedtothelateralcondyleoftibia*Tibiaisthesecondlongestbone(afterfemur).*Proximalend(upperend)-Proximal(upper)endoftibiaincludesmedialandlateralcondyles,formingtibialplateau.Italsoincludestibialtuberosityandintercondylararea(areabetweenmedialandlateralcondyle).-Distalend*Medialmalleolusgivesattachmenttodeltoidligament(medialcollateralligament)ofankle.
507.WeaknessofextensorHallucislongusis duetowhichnerverootmainly? a)L5 b)L4 c)S1 d)S2 CorrectAnswer-AAns.A.L5
508.Whichofthefollowingiscommon betweenthemedialandlateralplantararch? a)FlexorDigitorumBrevis b)PlantarFascia c)SpringLigamnet d)DeltoidLigament CorrectAnswer-BAns,B.PlantarFasciaPlantarfasciaactsasatiebeamforbothmedialandlateralplantararches.
509.Whichtendonislodgedinthegrooveon posteriorsurfaceoflateralmalleolus? a)Peroneuslongus b)Tibialisanterior c)Tibialisposterior d)FlexorHallucisLongus CorrectAnswer-AAns,A.PeroneuslongusPeroneuslongusendsinalongtendon,whichrunsbehindthelateralmalleolus,inagroovecommontoit.
510.Allofthefollowingaretrueabouttibialis anteriorexcept? a)Itissuppliedbythesuperficialperonealnerve b)Itdorsiflexesthefoot c)Itiscloselyrelatedtotheanteriortibialvessels d)Itinsertsonthemedialcuneiform CorrectAnswer-AAns.A.ItissuppliedbythesuperficialperonealnerveTibialisanteriorItissituatedonthelateralsideofthetibia;itisthickandfleshyabove,tendinousbelow.Thetibialisanterioroverlapstheanteriortibialvesselsanddeepperonealnerveintheupperpartoftheleg.
511.Attachmentonposteriorsurfaceof sacrum? a)MultifidusLumborum b)Iliacus c)Coccygeus d)Piriformis CorrectAnswer-AAns,A.MultifidusLumborumAttachementsonsacrumA)PosteriorSurfaceMultifiduslumborum?Thedeepestmusclearisingfromthesacrum.SomeofitsfiberscovertheuPpertwosacralforamina.Thismuscleattachestothetransverseprocessesofthesuperiorvertebraeandisthereforeabletohelpstabilizethespine.Erectorspinae?Partlyarisesfromtheposteriorsacrumandthesacrospinousligament.Itisessentialinachievingextensionandlateralbendingoftheheadandvertebralcolumn
512.Structurespassingthroughsacralhiatus are? a)S4nerveroot b)S2nerveroot c)S3nerveroot d)S5nerveroot CorrectAnswer-DAns.D.S5nerverootSacralhiatusThesacralhiatuscorrespondstotheposteriorcaudalopeningattheendofthesacralcanal,whichusuallyoccursatthefifthsacralvertebra(S5),attheposteriorsurfaceofthesacrum.
513.Longestcutaneousnerveinbody? a)Lateralcutaneousnerveofthigh b)Medialcutaneousnerveofthigh c)Saphenousnerve d)Suralnerve CorrectAnswer-CAns,C.SaphenousnerveThesaphenousbranchofthefemoralnerve(saphenousnerve)isthelongestcutaneousnerve.Itrunswiththegreatsaphenousveininfrontofmedialmalleolusandsuppliestheskinofanteromedialaspectofthelegandmedialborderofthefoot.Thesaphenousnervemaybedamagedinfrontofthemedialmalleolusduringvenesectionofthelongsaphenousvein.Therefore,femoralnervedamagecancausesensorylossovertheareaofthegreatsaphenousveinintheleg.
514.Obliquepoplitealligamentisderived from? a)Semitendinosus b)Bicepsfemoris c)Adductormagnus d)Semimembranosus CorrectAnswer-DAns,D.SemimembranosusObliquepoplitealligamentItisanexpansionfromthetendonofsemimembranosusattachmenttointercondylarlineoffemur.Itiscloselyrelatedtopoplitealarteryandispiercedbymiddlegenicularvesselsandnerveandtheterminalpartoftheposteriordivisionoftheobturatornerve.
515.Lateralborderofthefootreceivesits sensorysupplyfrom? a)Saphenousnerve b)Suralnerve c)Deepperonealnerve d)Sciaticnerve CorrectAnswer-BAns.B.Suralnerve
516.Allofthefollowingisincludedinchest wallexcept? a)Ribs b)ThoracicVertebrae c)Sternum d)Lumbarvertebrae CorrectAnswer-DAns,D.Lumbarvertebrae
517.Respiratorybronchiolesareformedfrom ? a)Principalbronchus b)Terminalbronchioles c)TertiaryBronchus d)Lobarbronchioles CorrectAnswer-BAns,B.TerminalbronchiolesTerminalbronchioleemnateintorespiratorybronchioles.Repiratorybronchiolesproceedintothealveolarducts,whichimmediatelybranchintoalveolarsacs(alveoli).
518.Segmentofbronchidistaltoprimary bifurcation? a)Primarybronchi b)Terminalbronchiole c)Respiratorybronchiole d)Sencondarybronchi CorrectAnswer-AAns.A.Primarybronchi
519.Thecricopharyngealsphincterishowfar fromthecentralincisor? a)15cm b)25cm c)40cm d)50cm CorrectAnswer-AAns,A.15cmAtthelevelofT1Overtebra,itspassagethroughesophagealhiatusofdiaphramloweresophagealsphincter-37.5-40cm(f5-f6inches)fromincisor
520.Whichofthefollowingstructuresis relatedtotheesophagus22.5cmfromtheincisorteeth? a)Archofaorta b)Rightprincipalbroncus c)ThoracicDuct d)AzygousVein CorrectAnswer-AAns,A.Archofaorta2dconstrictionisatT4levelwherearchofaortacrossesesophagus.
521.Thoracicductopensintosystemic circulationat? a)junctionofSVCandleftbrachiocephalicvein b)Junctionofleftinternaljugularandleftsubclavianvein c)Directlyintocoronarysinus d)Intoazygousvein CorrectAnswer-BAns.B.JunctionofleftinternaljugularandleftsubclavianveinThoracicductbeginsasacontinuationoftheupperendofthecisternachylinearthelowerborderofT12vertebraandentersthethoraxthroughtheaorticopeningofdiaphragrn(atT12).ItthenascendsthroughtheposteriormediastinumandatT5levelcrossesfromrightsidetotheleftsideandascendsalongleftmarginofoesophagustoentertheneck.AtthelevelofC7vertebrae,archestowardsleftsidetoopenintoleftbrachiocephalicveinattheangleofunionofleftsubclavianandleftinternaljugularveins.
522.Sympatheticsupplyoftheheartisfrom? a)Vagus b)Thoracicsympatheticfibres[T1toT5] c)Lumbarsympatheticfibres d)Cervicalganglion CorrectAnswer-BAns,B.Thoracicsympatheticfibres[T1toT5]
523.Whichofthefollowingarecuspsofthe aorticvalves? a)Left,rightandAnterior b)Anterior,RightandPosterior c)Posterior,LeftandRight d)Anterior,PosteriorandLeft CorrectAnswer-CAns,C.Posterior,LeftandRightTheaorticvalveisasemilunarvalvewiththreecuspswhichincludeleft,rightandposterior.
524.Whichisthewidow'sarteryin myocardialinfarction? a)Leftanteriordescendingartery b)Rightcoronaryartery c)Posteriorinterventricularartery d)Leftcircumflexartery CorrectAnswer-AAns,A.LeftanteriordescendingarteryTheanteriorinterventricularbranchoftheleftcoronaryartery,(alsoleftanteriordescendingartery(LAD),oranteriordescendingbranch)isabranchoftheleftcoronaryartery.Occlusionofthisarteryisoftencalledthewidow-makerinfarctionandhencethisarteryiscalledawidow'sartery.
525.Whichofthefollowingpassesposterior tothehilumofthelung? a)Vagus b)Phrenicnerve c)SVC d)Rightatrium CorrectAnswer-AAns,A.Vagus
526.Whatisthelevelofthepulmonaryvalve? a)3rdintercostalspace b)4thcostalcartilage c)3rdcostalcartilage d)2ndintercostalspace CorrectAnswer-CAns,C.3rdcostalcartilage
527.Lowerlimitoftheinferiorborderofthe lunginthemidaxillarylineis? a)6thrib b)8thrib c)10thrib d)12thrib CorrectAnswer-BAns,B.8thribThelowerlimitoftheinferiorborderofthelungis2ribsabovethereflectionofthepleural.Inthemidaxillarylinethepleurareflectsatthe10thribandhencethelowerlimitofthelungis8thrib.
528.Greatcardiacveinliesin? a)Tricuspidvalve b)Anteriorinterventricularsulcus c)Posteriorinterventricularsulcus d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'B'i.e.,Anteriorinterventricularsulcus[RefBDC4th/eVol.I,p.251-252;KeithMooreClinicalAnatomyhlth/ep.136-137;Snell'sClinicalAnatomy9th/ep.121](Atrioventricular)sulcusGreatcardiacvein,coronarysinus,Smallcardiacvein,RCA,LCX.AnteriorinterventricularsulcusGreatcardiacvein,leftanteriordescending(interventricular)artery.PosteriorinterventricularsulcusMiddlecardiacvein,PosteriorinterventricularbranchofRCA.
529.Apexatofthelungliesatwhatlevel? a)Abovetheclavicle b)Belowtheclavicle c)Attheleveloftheclavicle d)None CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Abovetheclavicle[RefBDC4thiep.222-228]Apexliesintheinletofthorax,2-5cmabovetheclavicle.Itisrelatedanteriorlytosubclavianarteryandvein.Posteriorlyitisseparatedfromneckoffirstribby(frommedialtolateral)sympathetictrunk,fistposteriorintercostalvein,superiorintercostalartery,andascendingbranchofventralramusof1"thoracicnerve.
530.Diaphragmissuppliedby? a)Phrenicnerve b)C2,C3,C4Roots c)Thoracodorsalnerve d)Longthoracicnerve CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Phrenicnerve[RefBDC6th/eVolIp.192,fig.12.12]NervesupplyMotor:-Phrenicnerve(C3C4C5).Sensory:-i)centrallybyphrenicnerve.Peripherallybylower6intercostalnerves.
531.Midpointbetweensuprasternalnotch andpubicsymphysespassesthroughwhichplane? a)Transpyloricplane b)Transtubercularplane c)Trnasxiphoidplane d)None CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Transpyloricplane[RefBDCVol-26th/ep.229]Anteriorabdominalwallisdividedinto9regionswiththehelpoftwoverticalandtwohorizontalplanes.Thehorizontalplanesinclude:- 1. Transpyloricplane(ofAdison):-Itliesmidwaybetweenthe suprasternalnotchandpubicsymphysis.Itpassesanteriorlythroughtipsof9'hcostalcartilageandposteriorlythroughlowerborderofL,vertebra.Organspresentatthislevelarehilumofkidney,pylorusofstomach,beginningofduodenum,neckofpancreas,fundusofgallbladderandoriginofSMA. 2. Transtubercularplane:-Itconnectsthetuberclesofiliaccrests andpassthroughupperborderofL5vertebra.Thetwoverticalplanesarerightandleftlateralplanespassingthroughmidinguinalpoint(alsocalledasmidinguinalplaneormidclavicularplane).Thenineregionsfromabovedownwadsare- 1. Inmiddle:-Epigastrium,umblical,hypogastrium.2. Onrightside:-Righthypochondrium,rightlumbar,andrightinguinal
(iliac)regions. 3. Leftside:-Lefthypochordrium,leftlumbarandleftinguinal(iliac) regions.
532.Musclelyingbetweenanteriorand middlelayerofthoracolumbarfasciais? a)Psoasmajor b)QuadratusLumborum c)Obduratorinternus d)Externaloblique CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,QuadratusLumborum[RefBDC6thleVol.2p.343;Snell9"/ep.695]Quadratuslomborumisenclosedbetweenanteriorandmiddlelayers.Erectorspinae(paraspinalmuscle)isenclosedbetweenmiddleandposteriorlayer.
533.AnteriorRectusSheathjustabovepubic symphysisisformedby? a)ExternalObliqueAponeurosis b)TheaponeurosisofthreemusclesincludingExternalOblique, InternalOblique,andTransversusAbdominis c)LineaAlba d)InternalObliqueonly CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'B'i.e.,AponeurosisofthreemusclesincludingExternalOblique,InternalOblique,andTransversusAbdominisTheanteriorwalljustabovethesymphysispubis(areabelowthearcuateline)isformedbyaponeurosisofallthreemuscles(externaloblique,internaloblique,transversusabdominis).Threeaponeuroticlayersformingrectussheathofbothsidesinterlacewitheachothertoformatendinousraphe,Lineaalba.Itextendsfromthexiphoidprocesstopubicsymphysis.Lineaalbaisnarrowandindistinctbelowtheumbilicus,astworectilieinclosecontact.Lineaalbabroadensoutabovetheleveloftheumbilicus.
534.Rightsuprarenalveindrainsinto? a)Inferiorvenacava b)Rightrenalvein c)Leftrenalvein d)AccessoryHemiazygousvein CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,InferiorvenacavaArterialsupplyofadrenalglandisbythreearteries:-1.Superiorsuprarenalartery(branchoftheinferiorphrenicartery);2.Middlesuprarenalartery(branchofabdominalaorta);and3.inferiorsuprarenalartery(branchoftherenalartery).Venousdrainageisthroughthesuprarenalveins.Rightsuprarenal(adrenal)veindrainsintoIVCandleftsuprarenalveindrainsintotheleftrenalveinandthenintoIVC.Lymphaticsfromsuprarenalglandsdrainintolateralaortic(para-aortic)nodes.
535.Whichofthefollowingisnotderived fromtheexternalobliqueaponeurosis? a)InguinalLigament b)Lacunarligament c)LineSemilunaris d)PectinealLigament CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,LineSemilunaris[RefBDC6th/eVol2p.343;Snell91Vep.695]ExternalobliqueInguinal(Pouparts)ligamentLacunarligamentMnemonic:IPLPectineal(cooper's)ligamentSuperficialinguinalringExternalspermaticfasciaInternalobliqueCremastericfascia&muscleAlongwithtendonoftransversusabdominisformsconjointtendon
536.Stomachwallismainlydrainedbyall lymphnodesexcept? a)Pyloricnodes b)Shortgastricvesselnodalgroup c)Rightgastroepiploicnodes d)Inguinalnodes CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Inguinalnodes[RefGray'sanatomy20thedition]Thestomachisdrainedbyfourgroupsoflymphnodes: 1. Leftgastricarterialnodalgroup,whichfollowstheleftgastricartery anddrainintotheceliacnodes.Theydrainthelessercurvatureofthestomachtotheleft. 2. Shortgastricandleftgastroepiploicvesselsnodalgroup.The lymphaticvesselswhichdraintheleftsideofthegreatercurvatureofthestomachfollowsthesevesselsanddrainintothepancreaticosplenicgroupofnodes. 3. Rightgastroepiploicnodes,whichdraintherighthalfofthegreater curvatureofstomachasfarasthepylorus 4. Pyloricnodeswhichdrainsthepyloricpartofstomachtothehepatic ,pyloricandleftgastricnodes.Allthevesselsenterintotheceliacnode.Fromthesenodestheypassintotheintestinallymphtrunks,whichthenenterthecisternachyliortheabdominalconfluenceoflymphtrunks.Thecisternachylidrainsintothethoracicduct.
537.Alllymphofstomachdrainsinto? a)Pyloricnodes b)Shortgastricvesselnodalgroup c)Rightgastroepiploicnodes d)Coeliacnodes CorrectAnswer-DAns.'D'i.e.,CoeliacnodesAllthevesselsenterintotheceliacnode.Fromthesenodes,theypassintotheintestinallymphtrunks,whichthenenterthecisternachyliortheabdominalconfluenceoflymphtrunks.Thecisternachylidrainsintothethoracicduct.
538.Gallbladderisrealtedtowhichsegment oftheliver? a)I b)II c)III d)IV CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,IV[RefGray's40thlep.1163-1167;Sabiston18th/ep.1584]ThegallbladderliesontheinferiorsurfaceofthelivercloselyrelatedtosegmentIVorthequadratelobe.Anatomicallyliverisdividedintoalargerightlobeandasmallleftlobebylineofattachmentoffalciformligament(anterosuperiorly),fissureforligamentumteres(inferiorly),andfissureforligamentumvenosum(posteriorly).Rightlobeismuchlargerandformsfivesixthofliverandleftlobeformsonlyonesixth.Caudatelobeandquadratelobearepartsofanatomicalrightlobe.Thephysiologicalleftlobeiscomposedof4segmentsdesignatedItoIVandissuppliedbyleftbranchofhepaticartery,leftbranchofportalveinanddrainedbylefthepaticduct.ThephysiologicalrightlobeconsistsofsegmentV,VI,VIIandVIIIandissuppliedbyrighthepaticartery,rightbranchofportalveinanddrainedbyrighthepaticduct.
539.Whichsegmentofliverdrainsonboth sides? a)I b)II c)III d)IV CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'A'i.e.,ICaudatelobe(segmentI)Itissituatedontheposteriorsurfaceoftherightlobe.ItisboundedonrightbyagrooveforIVC,onleftbyfissureforligamentumvenosum,andinferiorlybyportahepatis(containinghepaticartery,portalvein,hepaticductbileduct,nerveplexus,andlymphatics).Justbehindtheportahepatis,thecaudatelobeisconnectedtotherestoftherightlobebythecaudateprocess.Thereisasmallroundedelevationtotheleft,calledthepapillaryprocess.Caudatelobeliesinthesuperiorrecessoflessersacandisrelatedtothecruraofthediaphragm,rightinferiorphrenicartery,andcoeliactrunk.Caudatelobe(anatomicalpartoftherightlobe)belongsphysiologicallytobothrightandleftlobesbecauseitreceivesbloodfromtherightandlefthepaticarteries;rightandleftbranchesoftheportalvein,anddrainsbileintoboththerightandlefthepaticduct.Thusitisconsideredasthephysiologicallyindependentlobe.
540.Caudatelobeoftheliver-Trueis? a)Itreceivesbloodsupplyfrombothrightandlefthepaticarteries b)ItisSegmentIIoftheliver c)Itissituatedontheanteriorsurfaceofliver d)Itliesbetweentheaortaandligamentumvenosum CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Itreceivesbloodsupplyfrombothrightandlefthepaticarteries[RefRameshBabup.249]Caudatetube(segmentI)issituatedonposteriorsurfaceofliverbetweenIVC&ligamentumvenosum.Itreceivesbloodsupplyfromright&leftarteries.
541.Superiorborderofepiploicforamen formedby- a)Caudatelobe b)Hepaticartery c)Bileduct d)IVC CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,CaudatelobeEpiploicforamen(foramenofWinsloworaditustolessersac)isaslit-likeopeningthroughwhichlessersaccommunicateswithgreatersac.ItissituatedatthelevelofT12vertebra.Itsboundariesare:-Anterior:-Rightfreemarginoflesseromentum(containsportalvein,hepaticarteryproperandbileduct).Posterior:-IVC,rightsuprarenalglandandT12vertebra.Superior:-Caudatelobeoftheliver.Inferior:-1stpartoftheduodenumandhorizontalpartofthehepaticartery.
542.InternalanalSphincterisformedby? a)Puborectalis b)Circularmusclesfromlowerrectum c)LongitudinalInvoluntarymuscles d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Circularmusclesfromlowerrectum[RefBDC4th/eVol.Hp.383;Gray'sAnatomy40thieChapter67]Externalsphincteriscontributedbyfibersfrompuborectalispartoflevatoranimuscle(inuppermostpart);superficialtransverseperinealmusclesanteriorlyandanococcygealrapheposteriorly(inupperthird)andanococcygealligament(inmiddlethird).
543.Allofthefollowingaretrueabout duodenumexcept? a)Fourthpartistheshortestpart b)AmpullaofVateropensthroughthesecondpart c)Minorduodenalpapillaisinthethirdpart d)Firstpartappearslikeaduodenalcaponbariumstudies CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Minorduodenalpapillaisinthethirdpart[RefBDC6'1*Vol.2p.259-262]Thirdpart(Horizonalpart):Itis10cm(4inches)long.ItbeginsatinferiorduodenalflexureandpassestowardstheleftinfrontofIVCbehindsuperiormesentericvesselsandrootofmesenterytomeet4thpartofduodenum.
544.Whichofthefollowingisabranchofthe inferiormesentericartery? a)Sigmoidartery b)Middlecolicartery c)Renalartery d)RightColicartery CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Sigmoidartery[RefBDC6th/eyoi.2p.276]Inferiormesentricarterygivesfollowingbranches? 1. Leftcolicartery2. Sigmoidarteries3. Superiorrectalartery
545.Waldeyer'sfasciaconnects? a)Rectumtosacrum b)Rectumtouterus c)Rectumtolateralwallofpelvis d)Rectumtobladder CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Rectumtosacrum[RefClinicalanotomy2"dlep.786]Supportofrectuminclude 1. Fasciaofwaldeyer:Itattachesthelowerpartofrectalampullato thesacrum.Itisformedbycondensationofpelvicfasciabehindtherectumandenclosesthesuperiorrectalvesselsandlymphatics. 2. Lateralligamentsoftherectum:Itisformedbycondensationof pelvicfasciaandenclosesmiddlerectalvessels,andbranchesofpelvicplexuses. 3. Rectovesicalfasciaofdenonvilliers:Itextendsfromrectum(behind) totheprostateandseminalvesicleinfront. 4. Pelvicperitoneumandrelatedvascularpedicles. Perinea(bodywithitsmuscles.
546.ContentofAlcock'scanalis? a)Internalpudendalartery b)Internaliliacartery c)Inferiorrectalvein d)Inferiormesentericvein CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Internalpudendalartery[RefBDC6th/eVol-2p.362]Pudendalcanal(Alcock'scanal)isafascialcanalinthelateralwallofischeorectal(ischeo-anal)fossa,enclosingpudendalnerveandinternalpudendalvessels(arteryandvein).Itisaspacebetweenobturatorfasciaandlunatefascia.Otherbelievethatitisformedbysplittingoftheobturatorfascia.
547.Allofthefollowingorgansareindirect contactwiththespleenexcept? a)Duodenum b)Stomach c)Leftkidney d)Colon CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,DuodenumGrossmorphologyofthespleenSpleenhastwoends(anteriororlateralandposteriorormedial),threeborders(superior,inferiorandintermediate),twosurfaces(visceralanddiaphragmatic),twoangles(anterobasalangleandposterobasalangle)andhilum.Theanteriorendissupportedbythephrenicocolicligament.Thesuperiorborderischaracteristicallynotchednearitsanteriorend.Thevisceralsurfaceisrelatedtothefundusofstomach(atgastricimpression),leftkidney(atrenalimpression),splenicflexureofthecolon(atcolicimpression)andtailofthepancreas(atpancreaticimpression).Itslowerendisrelatedtothephrenicocolicligament.Thediaphragmaticsurfaceisrelatedtothediaphragm.
548.Glanspenisisacontinuationof- a)Corpusspongiosum b)Ischiocavernosus c)CorporaCavernosa d)Puborectalis CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'A'i.e.,CorpusspongiosumThepenisisthemaleorganofcopulation.Thepenishasarootandabody.Therootofthepenisissituatedinthesuperficialperinea!pouch,attachedtotheinferiorsurfaceoftheperinealmembrane.Itconsistsofthreemassesoferectiletissue:thebulbofthepenisandtwocrura.Eachcruscontinuesforwardtobecomethecorpuscavernusum(inthebody)andthebulbistheposteriorendofthecorpusspongiosum(ofthebody).Thebodyofthepenisisthefreeportionofthepenis.Itiscomposedofthreeelongatedmassesoferectiletissues:-rightandleftcorporacavernosa,andmediancorpusspongiosum.Corporacavernosaeareenvelopedbytunicaalbugineaandcorpusspongiosumisalsosurroundedbytunicaalbuginea.Thepenileurethrarunsthroughthewholelengthofthecorpusspongiosumfromthebulbatthebacktotheterminalexpandedpartofthecorpusspongiosum,calledtheglanspenis.
549.Whichmusclecausesopeningofthe upperendofesophagus? a)Epiglottis b)Thyropharungeus c)Stylopharyngeus d)Cricopharyngeusofinferiorconstrictor CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Cricopharyngeusofinferiorconstrictor[RefHall,ArthurC.Guyton,JohnE.(2005).Textbookofmedicalphysiology(11thed.).Philadelphia:W.B.Saunders.p.782-784.]UpperesophagealsphinctorTheupperesophagealsphinctersurroundstheupperpartoftheesophagus.Itconsistsofskeletalmuscle,butisnotundervoluntarycontrol.Openingoftheupperesophagealsphincteristriggeredbytheswallowingreflex.Theprimarymuscleoftheupperesophagealsphincteristhecricopharyngealpartoftheinferiorpharyngealconstrictor.
550.Posteriorperforationofstomach, collectionofcontentsoccursinwhichpouch? a)Greatersac b)Leftsubhepaticandhepatorenalspaces[pouchofMorrison] c)Omentalbursa d)Rightsubphrenicspace CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'B'i.e.,Leftsubhepaticandhepatorenalspaces[pouchofMorrison]Aposteriorgastriculcermayperforateintothelessersac(omentalbursa).Theleakingfluidpassesoutthroughepiploicforamentoreachthehepatorenalpouch.Sometimesinthesecasestheepiploicforamenisclosedbyadhesions.Thenthelessersacbecomesdistended,andcanbedrainedbyatubepassedthroughthelesseromentum.
551.Cremastricmuscleisformedfrom? a)Fasciafrominternaloblique b)Fasciafromexternaloblique c)Fasciafromrectusabdominis d)Fasciafromtransversusabdominis CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,FasciafrominternalobliqueThelayersofscrotumfromoutsidetoinsideare:- 1. Skin2. Dartosmuscle(smoothmusclelayer)continuouswithCollesfascia ofperineumposteriorlyandScarpa'sfasciaandCamper'sfasciaanteriorly. 3. Theexternalspermaticfascia,extensionfromexternaloblique.4. Thecremastericmuscle,continuouswithfasciafrominternal oblique. 5. Theinternalspermaticfascia,continuouswithfasciafromfascia transversalis.
552.Kidneyiscoveredbywhatfascia? a)Sibson'sfascia b)Buck'sFascia c)Gerota'sFascia d)None CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Gerota'sFascia[RefFarlexPartnerMedicalDictionaryFarlex2012]RenalfasciaTherearefourcoveringsaroundthekidney(fromwithinoutwords):-Truecapsule(fibrouscapsule)Itisformedbythecondensationoffibrousstromaofkidney.Falsecapsule(renalfasciaorfasciaofGerota)Itisformedbycondensationofextra-peritonealconnectivetissuearoundkidneyandiscontinuouslaterallywithfasciatransversalis.Falsecapsuleconsistsoftwolayers:anterior"fasciaofToldt"andposterior"fasciaofZuckerkendl".
553.
Narrowestpartofureteris? a)Brimofthepelvis b)Crossingbygonadalvessels c)Vesicouretricjunction d)Crossingbyductusdeferens CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Vesicouretricjunction[RefCampbellisurology6thlep.2123;Gray'sAnatomyforstudents1"/ep.325]Uretermeasuresabout3mmindiameter,butisconstrictedatfiveplaces 1. Pelviuretericjunction2. Brimoflesserpelvis(atthelevelofbifurcationofcommoniliac arteryandcrossingofexternaliliacartery 3. Pointofcrossingofureterbyductusdeferensorbroadligamentl4. Entryinbladderwall(thisvesicoureteraljunctionisthenarrowest partofureter) 5. Openinginlateralangleoftrigone
554.Whatisthetotallengthofthecolon? a)1metre b)1.5metres c)2metres d)4metres CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,1.5metres[RefBDCVol.IIelep.269-273]Thelargeintestineextendsfromtheileocaecaljunctiontoanus.Itis1.5meterslongandisdividedintocaecum,ascendingcolon,rightcolic(hepatic)flexure,transversecolon,leftcolic(splenic)flexure,descendingcolon,sigmoidcolon,therectumandanalcanal.Transversecolonislongestpart(50cm)andanalcanalshortest(3.8cm).Caecum6cmSigmoidcolon37.5cmAscendingcolon->12.5cmRectum12cmTransversecolon50cmAnalcanal3.8cmDescendingcolon25cm
555.Submandibularlymphnodesdrainthe followingareasofthefaceexcept? a)Medialhalfofeyelids b)Centralpartoflowerlip c)Medialpartofcheek d)Centralpartofforehead CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Centralpartoflowerlip[RefBDCVol.III6th/ep.73]LymphaticdrainageoffaceThefacepossessesthreeareasfromwhichlymphaticdrainageisasfollows:? 1. Upperarea,comparisinggreaterpartofforehead,lateralViof eyelids,conjunctiva,lateralpartofcheekandparotidarea,drainsintopreauricular(superficial)parotidnodes. 2. Middlearea,comprisingcentralpartofforehead,externalnose, upperlip,lateralpartoflowerlip,medialhalvesofeyelids,medialpartofcheek,andgreaterpartoflowerjaw,drainsintosubmandibularnodes. 3. Lowerarea,includingcentralpartoflowerlipandthechin,drains intosubmentalnodes.
556.Larynxbelowthevocalcordsdraininto ? a)Pretracheallymphnodes b)Occipitallymphnodes c)Mediastinalnodes d)Lymphaticsalongthesuperiorlaryngealvein CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,PretracheallymphnodesSupraglotticpart(Abovevocalcord)LymphaticsalongthesuperiorlaryngealveinandnodesadjacenttothethyrohyoidmembraneInfraglotticpart(Belowvocalcord)PretrachealandprelaryngealnodesVocalcordsDevoidoflymphaticsupply
557.Nervesupplytotheangleofthe mandibleisby? a)PosteriorprimaryramiofC2,C3 b)Greaterauricularnerve c)Maxillarynerve d)Mandibularnerve CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,GreaterauricularnerveTheskinovertheangleofthejaw(mandible)issuppliedbytheanteriordivisionofthegreaterauricularnerve.
558.Nervesupplytothetipofthenoseis from? a)Theophthalmicdivisionofthetrigeminalnerve b)Greaterauricularnerve c)Themaxillarydivisionofthetrigeminalnerve d)Mandibularnerve CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,OphthalmicdivisionofthetrigeminalnerveTipofthenoseandlowerpartofthedorsumofthenosearesuppliedbytheexternalnasalbranchoftheophthalmicdivisionofthetrigeminalnerve.
559.Dangerousspaceintheneckisfound between? a)Buccopharyngealfasciaandalarfascia b)Prevertebralfasciaandalarfascia c)BuccopharyngealfasciaandPrevertebralfascia d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Prevertebralfasciaandalarfascia[Ref"Severesofttissueinfectionsoftheheadandneck:aprimerforcriticalcarephysicians".Lung.187(5):271-9.]Thedangerspaceoralarspace,isaregionoftheneck.Thecommonnameoriginatesfromtheriskthataninfectioninthisspacecanspreaddirectlytothethorax,and,duetobeingaspacecontinuousontheleftandright,canfurthermoreallowinfectiontospreadeasilytoeitherside.Itisboundedsuperiorlybytheskullbase,anteriorlybythealarfasciaandposteriorlybytheprevertebralfascia.Itcomestoanendatthelevelofthediaphragm.Theretropharyngealspaceisfoundanteriortothedangerzone,betweenthealarfasciaandbuccopharyngealfascia
560.Whichmuscleisattachedtothediscof thetemporomandibularjoint? a)Buccinator b)Lateralpterygoid c)Masseter d)Temporalis CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'Bi.e.,Lateralpterygoid[RefBDC415/eVol.3p.145;Last'sanatomy11'"/eLateralpterygoidoriginUpperhead:Infratemporalsurface&crestofgreaterwingofsphenoid.Lowerhead:Lateralsurfaceoflateralpterygoidplate.NervesupplyPterygoidfoveaonAnteriordivisionoftheneckofmanmandibularnerve.anaudible,Articulardiscandcapsuleoftemporomandibularjoint.ActionDepressesthemandible.Protrusionandsidetosidemovement.
561.Maxillarytuberclegivesattachmentto? a)Lateralpterygoid b)Medialpterygoid c)Temporalis d)Masseter CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Medialpterygoid[RefBDCVolIII6thlep.116]MedialPterygoidOrigin:Superficialhead:Tuberosityofmaxilla.Deephead:Medialsurfaceoflateralpterygoidplate&pyramidalprocessofpalatinebone.Insertion:Medialsurfaceofanglemandible&adjoiningramus.Nervesupply:BranchfromtrunkofmandibularnerveAction:Elevatesthemandible,Protection&sidetosidemovement.
562.Vidiannerveisalsoknownas? a)NerveofPterygoidcanal b)GreaterPetrosalnerve c)LesserPetrosalnerve d)GreaterAuricularnerve CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,NerveofPterygoidcanalThenerveofthepterygoidcanal(Vidiannerve)isformedbythejunctionofthegreaterpetrosalnerveandthedeeppetrosalnervewithinthepterygoidcanalcontainingthecartilaginoussubstance,whichfillstheforamenlacerum.Itpassesforwardthroughthepterygoidcanalwithitscorrespondingartery(arteryofthepterygoidcanal)andisjoinedbyasmallascendingsphenoidalbranchfromtheoticganglion.Itthenentersthepterygopalatinefossaandjoinstheposteriorangleofthepterygopalatineganglion.
563.RightRecurrentlaryngealnerveloops around? a)Rightsubclavianartery b)Rightaxillaryartery c)RightExternalcarotidartery d)RightSuperiorthyroidartery CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Rightsubclavianartery[RefLarsen,WilliamJ.(1993).Humanembryology]RecurrentlaryngealnerveOnrightsideitarisesintherootofneckandwindsaroundfirstpartofrightsubclavianartery.Itmaybeanterior(superficial)orposterior(deep)toinferiorthyroidartery.Onleftsideitarisesinthorax(superiormediastinum)andwind'saroundthearchofaortaimmediatelybehindtheattachmentofligamentumarteriosum.Itisusuallyposterior(deep)toinferiorthyroidarteryorbetweenitsbranches.Recurrentlaryngealnervesuppliesallintrinsicmusclesoflarynx(exceptcricothyroid)andmucousmembraneoflarynxbelowvocalfold.Italsogivesbranchestodeepcardiacplexus,trachea,esophagusandinferiorconstrictior.Inferiorthyroidarteryisligatedawayfromglandtoavoidinjurytonerve.Leftnerveismoreliabletodamage.
564.Leftrecurrentlaryngealpassesbetween ? a)Trachea&larynx b)Trachea&esophagus c)Esophagusandbronchi d)Esophagusandaorta CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Trachea&esophagus[RefGray's38th/ep.786]Thepathsoftheleftandrightrecurrentlaryngealnervesveryslightlywiththeleftrecurrentlaryngealnervedividingfromthemainvegusnerveattheleveloftheaorticarch.Theleftrecurrentlaryngealnervethandipsposteriorlyaroundthearoticarchtoassendthroughthesuperiormediastinumtoenterthegroovebetweentheesophagusandtrachea.Therightrecurrentlaryngealnervedividesfromthemainvagusnerveattheleveloftherightsubclavianarterytoenterthesuperiormediastinum.Therightrecurrentlaryngealnervethendipsposteriorlyaroundthesubclavianarterytoassendinthegrovebetweentheesophagusandtrachea.
565.Structurespiercedbytheparotidduct areallexcept? a)Buccopharyngealfascia b)Buccinatormuscle c)Buccalfatpad d)Investinglayerofdeepcervicalfascia CorrectAnswer-DAns.'d'i.e.,InvestinglayerofdeepcervicalfasciaTheparotidduct(Stenson'sduct)Parotidductemergesfromtheanteriorborderoftheglandandpassesforwardoverthelateralsurfaceofthemasseterandcanbepalpatedatthetenseanteriormarginofthemassetermuscle.Initscourseductpiercesbuccalfatpad,buccopharyngealfasciaandbuccinatormuscle(obliquely)andopensonthemucousmembraneofcheekoppositetoseconduppermolartooth.Whenintraoralpressureisraised(duringblowing)theductiscompressedbetweenthebuccinatorandmucousmembrane,preventinginflationoftheduct.
566.Whichlayerofthescalpisvascular? a)Pericranium b)Superficialfascia c)Skin d)Aponeurosis CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,SuperficialfasciaThescalpisasofttissuethatcoversthecalvariaoftheskull.Itconsistsoffivelayersandcanbememorizedbyamnemonicusingtheinitiallettersoftheword.SCALP:?SkinClosenetworkofconnectivetissue(superficialfascia)Aponeurosis(galeaaponeurotica)withoccipitofrontalismusclesLooseareolar(subaponeurotic)tissuePericranium(outerperiosteumoftheskull)
567.Allofthefollowingpassthroughthe Sinusofmorgagniexcept- a)Auditorytube b)Levatorvelipalatini c)Ascendingpalatineartery d)Stylopharyngeus CorrectAnswer-DAns.'d'i.e.,StylopharyngeusSinusofMorgagniisthelargegapbetweentheupperconcaveborderofthesuperiorconstrictorandthebaseoftheskull.Thestructurespassingthroughitare:1.Auditorytube2.Levatorvelipalatini3.Ascendingpalatineartery4.Palatinebranchofascendingpharyngealartery
568.Chordatympaniisabranchof? a)Facialnerve b)Trigeminalnerve c)Greaterauricularnerve d)Externallaryngealnerve CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Facialnerve[Ref:BDC6thleVol3p.371]Branchesoffacialnerve 1. Infallopian(facialcanal):-Greaterpetrosal(greatersuperficial petrosal)nerve,nervetostapedius,chordatympani. 2. Atitsexitfromstylomastoidforamen:-Posteriorauricular,digastric nerve,stylohyoidnerve. 3. Terminalbranches:-Temporal,zygomatic,buccal,marginal mandibular,andcervical.
569.Chorda-tympanidoesnotcarrywhich fibers? a)Preganglionicparasympatheticfibersforsublingualglands b)Preganglionicparasympatheticfibersforsubmandibulargland c)Preganglionicparasympatheticfibersforparotidgland d)Tastefibersfromanteriortwothirdoftongue CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,PreganglionicparasympatheticfibersforparotidglandChordatympaniisabranchoffacialnervemainlycarryingtastesensationsfromtheanterior2/3rdofthetongueThechordatympanicarriestwotypesofnervefibersfromtheiroriginwiththefacialnervetothelingualnervethatcarriesthemtotheirdestinations:Specialsensoryfibersprovidingtastesensationfromtheanteriortwo-thirdsofthetongue.Preganglionicparasympatheticfiberstothesubmandibularganglion,providingsecretomotorinnervationtotwosalivaryglands:thesubmandibularglandandsublingualglandandtothevesselsofthetongue,whichwhenstimulated,causedilationofbloodvesselsofthetongue.
570.Whichofthefollowingpassthroughthe Hypoglossalcanal? a)Hypoglossalnerve b)Externaljugularvein c)Facialnerve d)Mandibularnerve CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Hypoglossalnerve[RefBDC6th/eVol.3p.18-20]
571.Whichmuscleisantagonistto orbicularisoculithatisnotsuppliedbyfacialnerve? a)LevatorPalpebraesuperioris b)Orbicularisoris c)Superioroblique d)Inferioroblique CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,LevatorPalpebraesuperiorisOrbicularisoculiclosestheeyeandissuppliedbythefacialnerve.LevatorPalpebraesuperiorisopenstheeyelidandissuppliedbytheoculomotornerve.
572.Allofthefollowingaremainbranchesof Trigeminalnerveexcept? a)Mandibularnerve b)Maxillarynerve c)Ophthalmicnerve d)Opticnerve CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Opticnerve[RefBDC6th/eVol3p.369]Divisionsoftrigeminalnerve 1. Ophthalmicdivision(Ophthalmicnerve:V1)2. Maxillarydivision(Maxillarynerve:V2)3. Mandibulardivision(Mandibularnerve:V3)
573.Extensionoftheretropharyngealspace isbetween? a)Alarfasciaandbuccopharyngealfascia b)buccopharyngealfasciaandprevertebralfascia c)AlarfasciaandPrevertebralfascia d)None CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,AlarfasciaandbuccopharyngealfasciaRetropharyngealspaceTheretropharyngealspaceisapotentialspaceoftheheadandneck,boundedbythebuccopharyngealfasciaanteriorlyandthealarfasciaposteriorly.Togetherwiththelateralpharyngealspace,thesespacesaretermedtheparapharyngealspaces.Itcontainstheretropharyngeallymphnodes.Becauseseriousinfectionsofteethcanspreaddownthisspaceintotheposteriormediastinum,itisoftenconfusedwiththedangerspace.Thedangerspaceisactuallybetweenthealarfasciaandtheprevertebralfasciaandextendsfromthecranialbaseabovetothelevelofthediaphragm.Itislimitedabovebythebaseoftheskull,andbelowwherethealarfasciafuseswiththebuccopharyngealfasciaataboutthelevelofT4andthecarina.
574.Delphiannodesare? a)Prelaryngealnodes b)Occipitalnodes c)Coeliacnodes d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,PrelaryngealnodesTheDelphiannode(prelaryngeal)alongwithparatrachealnodes,pretrachealnodes,perithyroidalnodesmakeuplevelVIcervicallymphnodes,andisnotroutinelyexcisedinradicalneckdissections.Itreceiveslymphfromthethyroidandlarynx.TheDelphiannodegainsitsnamefromtheOracleofDelphi,whoseprophecy,inthiscase,wouldbeofanunpleasantdeathsecondarytolaryngealcancer.Theinvolvementofthisnodecanbearesultofdiffusenodalinvolvementinheadandnecksquamouscellcarcinomaorisolationfromthedirectlymphaticspreadoflaryngealcancerthroughtheanteriorcommissure.Thyroidcarcinomasmayalsoinvolvethisnode.
575.Straightsinusisformedby? a)InferiorSagittalSinus b)InternalJugularveins c)SuperiorSagittalSinus d)Tranversesinus CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,InferiorSagittalSinusThestraightsinus,alsoknownastentorialsinusorthesinusrectus,isanareawithintheskullbeneaththebrainthatreceivesvenousblood.Straightsinusisformedbytheunionoftheinferiorsagittalsinuswiththegreatcerebralvein.Itisconsideredacontinuationoftheinferiorsagittalsinus.Itdrainsintothetransversesinus,mostcommonlyintheleftone.Thestraightsinusissituatedwithintheduramater,wherethefalxcerebrimeetsthemidlineoftentoriumcerebelli.Incross-section,itistriangular,containsafewtransversebandsacrossitsinterior,andincreasesinsizeasitproceedsbackward.
576.Whicharterysuppliestheparacentral lobule? a)MedialStriateartery b)CallosoMarginalartery c)Pericallosalartery d)Frontopolarartery CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,CallosoMarginalartery[RefBDCVol.36th/ep.461,462]CallosomarginalarteryisabranchofanteriorcerebralarterythatsuppliestheparacentrallobulewhichhasaroleincontrolofmicturitionAnteriorcerebralarteryHasfollowingbranches:- 1. Medialstriateartery(recurrentarteryofHeubner):Itsupplies caudatenucleus(ventralpart),putamen,andanteriorlimbandgenuofinternalcapsule. 2. Fronto-polarartery:Itsuppliesmedialandorbitalsurfacesoffrontal lobe. 3. Orbitalbranches:Itsuppliesmedialandorbitalsurfacesoffrontal lobe. 4. Calloso-marginalartery:Itsuppliestheparacentrallobuleandparts ofgyruscinguli. 5. Pericallosalartery:Itsuppliesmedialsurfaceofparietallobeand precuneous.
577.Whichofthefollowingisnota permanentmucosalfold? a)Heister'svalves b)Transverserectalfold c)Plicaecircularis d)Gastricrugae CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Gastricrugae[RefInderbirSinghHistologyp.240;BDC4th/eVol.Hp.241,245,274,378;Gray's40thlep.1138,1120,1151,1132,1178]Gastricrugaeofstomach,andlongitudinalfoldsinmucosaofupperrectumandcolonaretemporarymucosalfoldsandareobliteratedbydistension.Whereas,plicacircularis(valvesofkerkring)ofsmallintestine,crescenticmucosalfoldsofcysticduct(spiralvalveofHeister),transverse(horizontal)rectalfolds(Houston'svalvesorplicatransversalis)andpermanentlongitudanalrectalcolumnsorfolds(foundin
578.Mostlateralnucleusofcerebellumis? a)Dentate b)Globose c)Fastigial d)Emboliform CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'A'i.e.,DentateTherearefourdeepcerebellarnuclei(fromlateraltomedial):dentate,emboliform,globose,andfastigial.Thegloboseandtheemboliformnucleiaresometimeslumpedtogetherastheinterpositusnucleus.
579.
Superiormarginalgyrusisapartof? a)Parietallobe b)Frontallobe c)Temporallobe d)Occipitallobe CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,ParietallobeThesuperiormarginalgyrusisaportionoftheparietallobe.ThisareaofthebrainisalsoknownasBrodmannarea40basedontheuniversallyusedbrainmapcreatedbyKorbinianBrodmanntodefinethestructuresinthecerebralcortex.
580.Spinalsegmentalarteryisabranchof? a)Ascendingspinalartery b)Basilarartery c)Posteriorspinalartery d)Anteriorspinalartery CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Ascendingspinalartery[RefSpinalCordMedicine.DemosMedicalPublishing.]Arterialsupplyofspinalcord
581.
Parsdorsalisisapartof? a)Cerebrum b)Cerebellum c)Pons d)Thalamus CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Pons[RefFarlexPartnerMedicalDictionaryFarlex2012]ParsDorsalisThepartoftheponsboundedlaterallybythemiddlecerebellarpedunclesandanteriorlybytheventralpartofpons;itiscontinuouswiththetegmentumofthemesencephalonandcontainslongtractssuchasthemedialandlaterallemnisci,cranialnervenuclei,andreticularformatin.
582.Movementoccuringatatlanto-axial joint? a)Flexion b)Bending c)Rotation d)Nodding CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Rotation[Ref:Clinicalanatomy3rdiep.786]Movmentspermittedatatlanto-occipitaljointare:-Flexionandextension(noddingofhead),and(ii)Lateralflexion(bendingofneck).Movementspermittedatatlanto-axialjointsareside-to-siderotationofhead(lookingtowardsright-or-left).
583.Arborvitaeareseenin? a)Cerebrum b)Cerebellum c)Pons d)Thalamus CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,CerebellumThearborvitaeisthecerebellarwhitematter,so-calledforitsbranched,tree-likeappearance.Insomeways,itmoreresemblesafernandispresentinboththecerebellarhemispheres.Itbringssensoryandmotorinformationtoandfromthecerebellum.Thearborvitaeislocateddeepinthecerebellum.Situatedwithinthearborvitaearethedeepcerebellarnuclei;thedentate,globose,emboliformandthefastigialnuclei.Thesefourdifferentstructuresleadtotheefferentprojectionsofthecerebellum.
584.Longspinousprocessisseenin? a)Cervicalvertebrae b)ThoracicVertebrae c)LumbarVertebrae d)Sacrum CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,ThoracicVertebrae[Ref:BDC5th/eVol.3p.40]
585.TotalvolumeofCSFis? a)150ml b)500ml c)50ml d)800ml CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,150mlThemajorsourceofCSFisthechoroidalplexusofall4ventricles,mainlyintwolateralventricles.OthersourcesofCSFareependymalcellsoftheventriclesandthebrainitself,viaperivascularspaces.ThetotalvolumeofCSFinanadultisabout125-150ml.TherateofformationofCSFisabout500-550ml/day.ThustheCSFisreplaced3-4timeseveryday.ThewaterypartofCSFissecretedbytransductionbuteachofitsconstitutionsisactivelytransported.Na.issecretedintotheCSFwiththehelpofNa+ATPase.GlucoseentersCSFthroughfacilitateddiffusionmediatedbyGLUT-1.HCO3issecretedwiththehelpofcarbonicanhydrase.
586.Laterallemniscusterminatesinto? a)Lateralgeniculatebody b)Superiorcolliculus c)Inferiorcolliculus d)Inferiorolivarycomplex CorrectAnswer-CAnsis'c'i.e.,Inferiorcolliculus[RefBDC6th/eVol..3p.374]
587.Cerebellovestibularfibrespassthrough ? a)Superiorcerebellarpeduncle b)Middlecerebellarpeduncle c)Inferiorcerebellarpeduncle d)None CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Inferiorcerebellarpeduncle[RefBDCVol.III6thlep.405]Inferiorcerebellarpeduncle 1. Posteriorspinocerebellar2. Cuneocerebellar(posteriorexternalarcuatefibres)3. Olivocerebellar4. Parolivocerebellar5. Reticulocerebellar6. Vestibulocerebellar7. Anteriorexternalarcuatefibres8. Striaemedullares
588.Internalcapsule-Allofthefollowingare partsexcept? a)Anteriorlimb b)Sublentiformpart c)Retrolentiform d)Prelentiform CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,PrelentiformTheinternalcapsuleisdividedfrombeforebackwardsintofollowingparts:AnteriorlimbPosteriorlimbRetrolentiformpartGenuSublentiformpart
589.Whichofthefollowingisderivedfrom theneuraltubeexcept? a)Retina b)Brain c)Dorsalrootganglia d)Pinealgland CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Dorsalrootganglia[RefTextbookofhumanembryology-786]Nervoussystemdevelopsfromectoderm(neuroectoderm).Nervoussystemdevelopsfromneuraltubewhichinturndevtlopsbyprocessofneurulation,i.e.formationofneuralplateanditsinfoldingintoneuraltube.
590.Whichofthefollowingisacomplete sulcusinthebrain? a)Calcarinesulcus b)Paracentralsulcus c)Both d)None CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,CalcarinesulcusThecalcarinesulcus(orcalcarinefissure)isananatomicallandmarklocatedatthecaudalendofthemedialsurfaceofthebrainofhumansandotherprimates.ItsnamecomesfromtheLatin"calcar"meaning"spur".Itisacompletesulcus.Foraccommodationinalimitedspacewithintherigidcranialbox,thecerebralcortexisfoldedintonumerousgyriorconvolutionsseparatedbysulciorfissures.Eventuallythetotalsurfaceareaofthecortexofhumanbrainisincreasedtoabout2200cm2,inwhichonlyaboutonethirdofthecortexisexposedasgyriandtwothirdishiddeninthesulci.
591.Substantiaferrugineaisfoundin- a)Fourthventricle b)Thalamus c)Midbrain d)Thirdventricle CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Fourthventricle[RefMedicalDictionary,2009FarlexandPartners]Itisashallowdepression,ofabluecolorinthefreshbrain,lyinglaterallyinthemostrostralportionoftherhomboidalfossanearthecerebralaqueduct;itliesnearthelateralwallofthefourthventricleandconsistsofabout20,000melanin-pigmentedneuronalcellbodiesthenorepinephrine-containingaxonsofwhichhavearemarkablywidedistributioninthecerebellumaswellasinthehypothalamusandcerebralcortex.Alsocalledaslocuscinereus,locusferrugineus.
592.Infundibulardiverticulumisanextention of? a)1stand2thventricles b)3rdventricle c)4thventricle d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'B'i.e.,3rdventricleThirdventricleisamidlinecavityofdiencephalon.Itisamediancleftbetweentwothalami.Anterosuperiorlyitcommunicateswithlateralventriclethroughtheinterventricularforamen(foramenofMonro).Posteroinferiorlyitcommunicateswithfourthventriclethroughcerebralaqueduct(DuctofSylvius).Therearefourextensions(recesses)ofthirdventricle:(a)Suprapinealrecess,(b)Pinealrecess,(c)Infundibularrecess,and(d)Opticrecess.
593.Osseocartilagenousjunctionispresent at? a)Nasion b)Rhinion c)Radix d)Columella CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Rhinion[RefTextbookofgeneralanatomyp.10]NasionThedepressionatthejunctionofnosewithforehead.RhinionThepointlocatedattheosseocartilagenousjunctionoverthedorsumofthenose.RadixJunctionbetweenthefrontalboneandnasalbone.ColumellaColumnbetweenthenostrilsatthebaseofthenose..
594.Atwhatleveldoesthetrachea bifurcates? a)UpperborderofT4 b)LowerborderofT4 c)27.5cmfromtheincisors d)LowerborderofT5 CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,LowerborderofT4[RefBDCSth/eVolume1p.267]Tracheabifurcatesatcarina,attheleveloflowerborderofT,orT4-T5discspace.
595.Cricoidcartilageliesatwhichvertebral level? a)C3 b)C6 c)T1 d)T4 CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,C6[RefBDC5I'VeVol.III,p.237]
596.Whichofthefollowingistrueabout vertebraldevelopment- a)Thenotochordformstheannulusfibrosus b)Thesclerotomeformsthenucleuspulposus c)Thesclerotomesurroundsthenotochordonly d)Thesclerotomesurroundsthenotochordandtheneuraltube CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Thesclerotomesurroundsthenotochordandtheneuraltube[RefLangman'sembryology10th/ep.140]DevelopmentofvertebralcolumnThehumannervoussystemdevelopsfromneuroectoderm.Duringdevelopment,behindtheneuroectodermliesthemesoderm(paraxialmesoderm)thatenclosesthenotochord(aderivativeofendoderm).Thisparaxialmesodermgiverisetosomites.Somitesfurtherdifferentratedinto:Dermatomyotome:-Giverisetoskeletalmusclesanddermis.Sclerotomes:-Giverisetovertebralcolumn.Sclerotorneswhichsurroundnotochordstartsprojectingposteriorly(dorsally)tosurroundneuraltubeandforms.Ventralsclerotomes:-Giverisetovertebralbodyandannulusfibrosus,Lateralsclerotomes:-Giverisetovertebralarch(pedicleandlamina).Dorsalsclerotomes:-Giverisetospinousprocess.Thenotochordformsthenucleuspulposus.
597.Whichofthefollowingisnota congenitalanomaly? a)Amastia b)Polymastia c)Polythelia d)Mastitis CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Mastitis[RefHumanembryologybyInderbirSingh8th/ep.103]Developmentalanomaliesofthemammaryglands: 1. Amastia:Theglandmaybeabsentononeorbothsides.2. Athelia:Absenceofnipple3. Polytheliaandpolymastia:Supernumerarybreastsandnipples alongthemilkline. 4. Invertedorcraternipple5. Microormacromastia
598.Rectumdevelopsfrom a)Cloaca b)Hindgut c)Allantoicremnants d)Urogeitalsinus CorrectAnswer-A:BAns.is`b>a'i.e.,Hindgut>Cloaca[Ref:InderbirSinghhumanembryologySth/ep.149]Postallantoicpartofhindgutisthedilatedendodermalcloaca,whichisseparatedfromthesurfacebycloacalmembrane.UrorectalseptumdividesendodermalcloacaeintoAnteriorpart,knownasprimitiveurogenitalsinus,whichdevelopsintourinarybladderandurethra.Posteriorpart,knownasprimitiverectum,whichgivesrisetolowerpartofrectumandupperpartofanalcanal.
599.Allarederivedfromectodermexcept- a)Hypophysis b)Retina c)Spinalcord d)Adrenalcortex CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Adrenalcortex[RefInderbirSinghHumanEmbryologySth/ep.300]Thecellsoftheadrenalcortexarisefromthecoelomicepithelium(mesoderm).Thecellsofthemedullaarederivedfromtheneuralcrestcells(ectoderm).TheanteriorpituitaryisderivedfromthesurfaceectodermliningtheoralcavityasitisanoutgrowthfromtheRathke'spouch.Theposteriorpituitaryisactuallyacontinuationofthehypothalamusandsoitisderivedfromtheneuralectoderm.?Thespinalcordandbrainarederivedfromtheneuralectoderm.Theretinaisalsoderivedfromtheneuralectoderm.
600.Developmentoflabiamajoraisfrom- a)Urogenitalsinus b)Mullerianduct c)Genitalridge d)Genitalswelling CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Genitalswelling[Ref:InderbirSinghHumanEmbryologySth/ep.256] Embryogical Fatein Fateinmale structure female Genitalswelling Labiamajora Scrotum Genitalfold Labiaminora Ventralaspectof penis,penileurethra Genitaltubercle Clitoris Glanspenis
601.Blastocystmakescontactwith endometriumon? a)<3days b)5-7days c)8-11days d)15-16days CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,5-7days[Ref:TextbookofHumanembryology-286]Contactofblastocystwithendometriumoccursatthetimeofimplantation.Implantationoccursataround6-7days.
602.Haploidnumberofchromosomesisseen in? a)Spermatogonia b)Primaryspermatocytes c)Secondaryspermatocyte d)None CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Secondaryspermatocyte[RefGanong23'd%p.403,404]Diploidmeansthatcellcontains46chromosomes(diploidof23)andhaploidmeansthatcellcontains23chromosomes.Developmentofspermisasfollows:-Spermatogonia(Diploid-46)Primaryspermatocyte(Diploid-46)Primaryspermatocyte(Diploid-46)isof2types- 1. SecondaryspermatocyteSpermatid(Haploid-23)2. Secondaryspermatocyte(Haploid-23)Spermatid(Haploid-23) Similarlyinoogenesis,haploidnumberisseeninsecondaryoocyts.
603.Spermchromosomefasteris- a)Xchromosome b)Ychromosome c)Bothsame d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Ychromosome[RefPricipleofmedicalphysiology-51]ThehumanYchromosomeissmallerthanXchromosome.Hence,thespermscontainingYchromosomesarelighterandswimfasterupthefemalegenitaltract,reachingtheovumearlierthantheYbearingsperms.Thisprobablycontributestothefactthattheglobalmalebirthrateisslightlyhigherthenthefemalebirthrate.
604.Allarederivedfromectodermexcept? a)Lens b)Eustachiantube c)Brain d)Retina CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Eustachiantube[RefHUMANEMBRYOLOGYeditedbyKrishnaGarg,2"dlep.56,133]Eustachiantubeoriginatesfromthefirstpharyngealpouchi.e.Endoderm. Endoderm Ectoderm Mesoderm Epitheliumof Brain LN&Spleen wholeg.i.t. NeuralCrest Mesenchyme Resp.tract AdrenalMedulla Mesothelium (Eustachian Pharyngealclefts Pharyngealaches tube) Oligodendrocytes CVS,blood, Pharyngeal Lens(fromsurfaceE-) BMDuramater pouches Irismuscles(Sphincter& TrigoneofUB Liver&GB dilatorpupillae) Monocytedery(Ex- Urethra Epitheliumofcornea, Microglia) UB conjunctivaouter Cillarybody&iris Lowerpartof Lids stroma(except vagins Renalpigmentepithelium epithelium) Ducts&acimiof Sensoryretina Sclera,choroid, pancreas MembranousLabyrinth vitreous Mostendocrinal Stromaofcornea glands(except Lids(Muscles)Adrenal adr.medulla& CortexBonyorbit pituitarywhich
CortexBonyorbit pituitarywhich areectoderm)
605.Whichofthefollowingisderivedfrom endoderm? a)Gallbladder b)Lens c)Spleen d)Lymphnodes CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Gallbladder[RefEmbryologyGarg2"/evariouspages]
606.Developmentofperitonealcavityisfrom ? a)Mesenchyme b)Intraembryoniccoelom c)Ectoderm d)Endoderm CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Intraembyoniccoelom[RefEmbryologybyInduKhuran2"dlep.96]Allbodycavitiesdevelopfromintraembryoniccoelum.Thesecavitiesareperitonealcavity,pleuralcavityandpericardialcavity.Theperitoneumdevelopsultimatelyfromthemesodermofthetrilaminarembryo.Lateralplatemesodermsplitstoformtwolayersseparatedbyanintraembryoniccoelom.Thesetwolayersdeveloplaterintothevisceralandparietallayersfoundinallserouscavitiesincludingperitoneum.Andthepotentialspaceofintraembryoniccoelombetweenthesetwolayersbecomethebodycavitieslikeperitonealcavity,pleuralcavityandpericardialcavity.Asembryodevelops,thevariousabdominalorgansgrowintotheabdominalcavityfromstructuresintheabdominalwall.Inthisprocesstheybecomeenvelopedinalayerofperitoneum,i.e.viscerallayer.Peritonealfoldsdevelopfromtheventralanddorsalmesenteryoftheembryo.Peritoneum,pericardiumandpleuradevelopfrom-,Mesoderm(lateralplatemesoderm)
Peritonealcavity,pericardialcavityandpleuralcavitydevelopfromIntraembryoniccoelom.
607.Cytotrophoblastsinvades? a)Dparietalis b)Dbasalis c)Dcapularis d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Dbasalis[RefHumanEmbryologybyRaniKumarp.37]Afterembeddingofblastocytintheendometrialstroma,thetrophoblastdifferentiatesinto-CytotrophoblastSyncytiotrophoblastSyncytiotrophoblastinvadesuterineepithelialcells.CytotrophoblastinvadesDeciduabasalis(Dbasalis)afterpassingthroughoverlyingsyncytotrophoblast.
608.Coronarysinusdevelopsfrom? a)Truncusarteriosus b)Conus c)Sinusvenosus d)AVcanal CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Sinusvenosus[RefEssentialsofhumanembryologyp.873]TheCoronarysinusdevelopsfromtheSinusvenosussegmentofembryonicheart.Lefthornofsinusvenosusretrogressestoformpartofcoronarysinus
609.Whichisderivedfromwolfianduct? a)Appendixoftestis b)Uterus c)Appendixofepididymis d)Hydatidofmargagni CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Appendixofepididymis[RefIBsingh8r"/e-260]Appendixofepididymisdevelopsfrommesonephric(wolffian)duct.Appendixoftestis(alsocalledhydatidofmargagni)anduterusdevelopfromparamesonephricduct.
610.Arteryof2ndpharyngealarchis? a)Maxillaryartery b)Stapedialartery c)Subclavianartery d)Commoncarotidartery CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Stapedialartery[RefGarg2"/e-223;Langman's-185] 2nd(hyoid Stapedialartery arch):3rd:- Commoncarotid/internalcarotid 4th:-: Right4thaorticarch,subclavianartery,Left4thaorticarch:aorticarch 6th:- Rightaorticarch:pulmonaryartery,Left6thaorticarch:Pulmonaryartstxandductusarteriosus
611.Fossaovalisisaremnantof? a)Septumprimum b)Septumsecundum c)Ductusarteriosus d)Ductusvenosus CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Septumprimum[RefBDC5th/eVolume1p.247;IBS7"Vep.265;Garg2"/ep.215]Fossaovalisisaremnantofforamenovale.Flooroffossaovalisisremnantofseptumprimum.
612.Ychromosomeis? a)Metacentric b)Submetacentric c)Acrocentric d)None CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,AcrocentricEachchromosomehastwoarms:- 1. parm(theshorteroftwo)2. qarm(longerone Dependingonthepositionoftherejunction(centromere)theycanbeclassifiedinto:1.MetacentricThecentromereisinthemiddlesothatthetwoarmsofchromosomesarealmostequal.Thesechromosomesare:chromosomes1,2,3andX-chromosome.2.Submetacentricparmisshortandqarmislong.Thesechromosomesare:4,5,6,7,8and93.Acrocentricp(short)armissoshortthatitishardtoobserve,butstillpresent.Therearesixacrocentricchromosomes:13,14,15,21,22andYchromosomes
613.Theouterlayeroftheblastocystforms? a)Primitivestreak b)Yolksac c)Embryoproper d)Trophoblast CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Trophoblast[RefSinghIB,HumanembryologyStilep.38] Blastocystpossessesaninnercellmasscalledembryoblastwhichsubsequentlyformstheembryoproper,andanouterlayerofcells,ortrophoblast,whichhelpstoprovidenutritiontotheembryo.
614.Inferiorparathyroiddevelopsfromwhich arch? a)1st b)2nd c)3rd d)4th CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,3rd[RefLangman's11th/ep.269]
615.Mesodermalinorigin? a)Astrocytes b)Oligodendrocytes c)Ependymalcells d)Microglialcells CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Microglialcells[RefI.B.singhp.319-321]Microglialcellsarethenervoussystemcounterpartofthemonocytemacrophagesystem.Theuniquefeatureaboutmicrogliaisthatunlikeotherneuroglialcellsitisnotdevelopedfromneuroectoderm.Thesecellsaremesodermalinorigin.
616.Fossaovalisclosesbecauseoffusionof ? a)Septumprimum+Endocardialcushion b)Septumsecundum+Endocardialcushion c)Septumprimum+Septumsecundum d)None CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Septumprimum+Septumsecundum[RefEssentialsofhumanembryology--213-215]Afterbirth,theforamenovaleclosesbyfusionofseptumprimumwithseptumsecundum.
617.Whichofthefollowingisatraction epiphysis? a)Tibialcondyles b)Trochanteroffemur c)Coracoidprocessofscapula d)Headoffemur CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Trochanteroffemur[RefBDChandbookofgeneralanatomy3r4/ep.34]
618.Corporaarenaceaisseenin? a)Prostrate b)Pineal c)Seminalvesicle d)Breast CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Pineal[RefTextbookofhumanhistology-323]Corporaarenacea(orbrainsand)arecalcifiedstructuresinPinealglandandotherareasofbrainsuchaschoroidplexus.
619.Nutrientarteryruns? a)Towardsmetaphysis b)Awayfrommetaphysis c)Awayfromepiphysis d)None CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Towardsmetaphysis[RefTextbookofgeneralanatomyp.80]NutrientarteryItentersthemiddleoftheshaftthroughanutrientforamen,runsobliquelythroughthecortex,andthendividesintoascendinganddesendingbranchesthatruntowardsmetaphysis.Eachbranchsubdividesintoanumberofsmallerparallelvesselswhichenterthemetaphysisandformhair-pinloops.Theloopsanostomosewithepiphyseal,metaphysealandperiostealarteries.Therefore,metaphysisisthemostvascularzoneofthelongbone.Thenutrientarterysuppliesthemedullarycavityandinner-twothirdofcorticalboneofdiaphysisandmetaphysis
620.Multi-unitsmoothmusclepresentatall except? a)Bloodvessels b)Iris c)Gut d)Ductusdeferens CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Gut[RefBDCgenralanatomy4"/ep.96;Fundamentalofhumenanatomyp.6]
621.Renalpapillaopensinto- a)Cortex b)Pyramid c)Minorcalyx d)Majorcalyx CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,MinorcalyxEachkidneyhastwodistinctzones: 1. Theoutercortex2. Theinnermedulla -Themedullacomprisesabout10renalpyramids.Theirapicesformrenalpapillaewhichindenttheminorcalyces.-ThecortexisdividedintotwopartsCorticalarchesorcorticallobules,whichformcapsoverthebasesofthepyramids.Renalcolumns,whichdipinbetweenthepyramid.Eachpyramidalongwithoverlyingcorticalarchformsalobeofthekidney.Therenalsinusisaspacethatextendsintothekidneyfromthehilus.Itcontains:Branchesoftherenalartery.Tributariesoftherenalvein.Renalpelvis:Pelvisdividesinto2to3majorcalyces,andthese,inturn,divideinto7-13minorcalyces.Eachminorcalyxendsinanexpansionwhichisindentedbyonetothreerenalpapillae
622.Followingadeepcutoverlyingthe hypothenareminence,itisobservedthatthepatientcannotholdasheetofpaperbetweenthe2ndand3rddigits.Whichofthefollowingnervesismostlikelydamaged? a)Deepbranchofulnarnerve b)Deepbranchoftheradialnerve c)Superficialbranchofulnarnerve d)Mediannerve CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Deepbranchofulnarnerve[RefBDC5thleVolumeIp.110-111]Inabilitytoholdpapersheetsignifiesinabilitytoadductthefingers.Itisnothingelsebutcardtest.Deepbranchofulnarnervesuppliesthepalmarinterosseiwhichcontroltheadductionbetweenfingers.
623.Duringheeltouchphaseofwalking pressureincalfcompartmentis? a)Morethanrestingpressure b)Lessthanrestingpressure c)Nochangeinpressure d)Firstrisesandthenfalls CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,NochangeinpressureInheelstrike,theankleisdorsiflexedandthemainmuscleactingonankleistibialisanterior.Musclesofposteriorcompartmentofleg(Gastrocnemius-soleus)areattheirnormallength.So,thepressureinposteriorcompartmentdoesnotchange.Ontheotherhand,InpushoffphaseGastrocnemius-soleusarecontractedwhichresultsinincreasedpressureofposteriorcompartment(wheneverthereiscontractionofmusclesofacompartment,pressureofthatcompartmentisincreased).
624.Thenutrientarterytothefemuris? a)Profundafemorisartery b)Femoralartery c)Poplitealartery d)Middlecircumflexfemoralartery CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,ProfundafemorisarteryNutrientArteriesThefemurissuppliedby2ndperforatingbranchofprofundafemorisartery.TibiaissuppliedbyabranchofposteriortibialThefibulaissuppliedbytheperonealarterywhichisabranchofposteriortibialartery.ThehumerusissuppliedbyabranchofprofundabrachiiarteryRadius/ulnaaresuppliedbytheanteriorinterosseousarterywhichisabranchoftheulnarartery.
625.Siteofinjectioningluteus? a)Inferomedial b)Superomedial c)Superolateral d)Superomedial CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Superolateral level Partofaxilla Lymphnodes I Upperarm(Deltoid) 5cmdistaltotheacromionor4cmproximaltotheinsertionofdeltoid.Thisistopreventinjurytocircumflexhumeralnerve. II Glutealregion Upperouter(superolateral)quadrant.Thisistoavoiddamagetosuperiorandinferiorglutealvesselsandsciaticnerve. III Thigh(lateralaspect) Infant:-Upperlateralquadrantof(vastuslateralis) thighbelowGTAdult:-Middlethirdoflateralaspect.
626.Waldeyer'sfascialies? a)Infrontofthebladder b)Behindtherectum c)Betweenbladderanduterus d)Betweenuterusandrectum CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'B'i.e.,Behindtherectum*ThecaveofRetziusisafat-filledretropubicspacethatallowsfortheaccommodationofadistendedbladder.*TheWaldeyer'sfascia,alsoknownasthepresacralfascia,accommodatesthedistendedrectum.*ThepouchofDouglasisafoldofperitoneumbetweentheuterusandtherectum.*ThepouchofDunnisafoldofperitoneumbetweenthebladderandtheuterus.*ThefasciaofDenonvillierliesbetweenthebladderinfrontandrectumbehind.
627.Thetransversesinusispresentposterior towhichstructures? a)Rightatrium b)Leftatrium c)Upperpulmonaryartery d)Aorta CorrectAnswer-DAns.'D'i.e.,AortaPericardialsinuses*Ontheposteriorsurfaceoftheheart,thereflectionoftheserouspericardium(epicardium)aroundlargeveinsformsarecesscalledtheobliquesinus.*Obliquesinusisboundedanteriorlybytheleftatrium,andposteriorlybytheparietalpericardiumandesophagus.*Thetransversesinusisashortpassagethatliesbetweenthereflectionoftheserouspericardium(epicardium)aroundarterial(aortaandpulmonarytrunk)andvenousendsofthehearttube.*Thetransversesinusisboundedanteriorlybyascendingaortaandpulmonarytrunk,posteriorlybySVC,andinferiorlybytheleftatrium
628.Surfacemarkingoftheobliquefissureof thelungincludeallexcept a)T3 b)5thrib c)7thrib d)6thcostalcartilage CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,7thribSurfacemarkingoffissuresTheobliquefissurecanbedrawnbyjoining:Apoint8cmlateralto3rdthoracicvertebrae.Anotherpointonthe5thribinthemidaxillaryline.Athirdpointonthe6thcostalcartilage7.5cmfromthemedianplane.
629.Anteriorrelationsoftherightkidneyare allexcept? a)Liver b)4thpartofduodenum c)Hepaticflexure d)Adrenalgland CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,4thpartoftheduodenumTheposteriorsurfaceofbothkidneysisrelatedtothediaphragm,medialandlateralarcuateligament,psoasmajor,quadratuslumborum,transversusabdominis,subcostalvessels,subcostalnerve,iliohypogastricnerve,andilioinguinalnerve.Inaddition,therightkidneyisrelatedtothe12thribandtheleftkidneyisrelatedto11thand12thribs.Themedialborderofeachkidneyisrelatedtothesuprarenalglandabovethehilusandureterbelowthehilus.Thelateralborderoftherightkidneyisrelatedtotherightlobeoftheliverandhepaticflexureofthecolon.Ontheleftside,itisrelatedtospleenanddescendingcolon.
630.Pancreasdivisumindicateswhichofthe following? a)Duplicationofthepancreas b)Failureoffusionofdorsal&ventralpancreaticbuds c)Formationofmorethantwopancreaticbuds d)Formationofonlyonepancreaticbud CorrectAnswer-BAnswer-.is'b'i.e.,Failureoffusionofdorsal&ventralpancreaticbuds[RefInderbirSinghHumanEmbryology8thlep.168]Anomaliesofpancreaticdevelopmentmaybe:1.Annularpancreas:-Twocomponentsoftheventralbudfailtofuseandgrowinoppositedirectionaroundtheduodenumandmeetthedorsalpancreaticduct.2.Pancreaticdivisum(dividedpancreas):-Ventralanddorsalbudsfailtofusewitheachother.3.Inversionofpancreaticduct:-Themainpancreaticductisformedbytheductofdorsalbud,i.e.accessoryductislargerthanthemainductandthemaindrainageofpancreasisthroughtheminorduodenalpapilla.4.Accessorypancreatictissue:-Maybefoundas*Wallofstomach,duodenum,jejunumorileum.*Meckel'sdiverticulum
631.Rightovarianarteryisabranchof? a)Abdominalaorta b)Rightinternaliliac c)Commoniliac d)Externaliliac CorrectAnswer-AAns.'a'i.e.,Abdominalaorta[RefBDC5th/eVolume.3p.343]Lateralbranches:*Inferiorphrenicartery*Middlesuprarenalartery*Renalartery*Testicular/ovarianartery
632.Structureimmediatelyposteriorto pancreatichead? a)Rightrenalvein b)Splenicartery c)Inferiormesentericvein d)Coeliactrunk CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Rightrenalvein[RefBDC5`Vevolume2p.306]Terminalpartofrightrenalveinisposteriortoheadofpancreatic
633.Whichofthesebestdescribestherenal angle? a)Theanglebetweenthelattissimusdorsiandthe12thrib b)Theanglebetweentheerectorspinaeandtheiliaccrest c)Theanglebetweenthe12thribandtheerectorspinae d)Theanglebetweenthe12thribandtherectusabdominis CorrectAnswer-CAnswer-.is'C'i.e.,Theanglebetweenthe12thribandtheerectorspinaeTheanglebetweenthelowerborderofthe12thribandtheouterborderoftheerectorspinaeisknownastherenalangle.Overliesthelowerpartofthekidney.Tendernessinthekidneyiselicitedbyapplyingpressureoverthisarea.
634.Inpatientswithpenileinjury,Colle's fasciapreventsextravasationofurinein? a)Ischiorectalfossa b)Perineum c)Abdomen d)None CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Ischiorectalfossa[RefBDC5th/eVolumeHp.211]
635.Neurovascularplaneinanterior abdominalwall- a)Betweenextobliqueandinternaloblique b)Betweenint.obliqueandtransversusabdominis c)Belowtransversusabdominis d)Aboveext.oblique CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Betweenint.obliqueandtransversesabdominis[Ref:Humananatomy5th/p.73]Themusclesoftheanteriorabdominalwallconsistofthreebroadthinsheetsthatareaponeuroticinfront,fromexteriortointeriortheyareexternaloblique,internalobliqueandtransversus.Thenerveandaccompanyingintercostalvesselsliebetweentheinternalobliqueandtrannsverseabdominis.i.e.neurovascularplane.
636.Inbladderinjury,painisreferredtoall except? a)Upperpartofthigh b)Lowerabdominalwall c)Flank d)Penis CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Flank[RefB.D.C.VolII6th/ep.375;ClinicalAnatomy-912]PainfibersfrombladderpassthroughbothparasympatheticandsympatheticpathwayandenterT11-L2andS2-S4cordsegments.Hencereferredpainisfeltinthelowerpartofanteriorabdominalwall(hypogastrium),upperpartoffrontofthighs,scrotumorlabiummajus,penisorclitoris,andperineum.
637.StructurenotseenatL3level? a)Iliacvessels b)Aorta c)Coeliactrunk d)IVC CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'C'i.e.,CoeliactrunkCoeliactrunkisatT12-L1level.ThetransversesectionatthelevelofL3showslowerabdominalorgans.
638.Spleenextendsfrom? a)5thto9thrib b)9thto11thrib c)2ndto5thrib d)11thto12thrib CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,9thto11thrib[RefBDCVol.IISthIep.431]Surfacemarkingofspleen 1. Itismarkedontheleftsideoftheback,withitslongaxis correspondingwiththatofthe10shrib. 2. Theupperbordercorrespondstoupperborderofrib,andthelower bordertothelowerborderofthe11"'rib. 3. Medialendlies4-5cmfromthemidline,andthelateralendonthe midaxillaryline.
639.Allarebranchesoftheinferior mesentericarteryexcept? a)Leftcolic b)Sigmoidalartery c)Middlerectal d)Superiorrectal CorrectAnswer-CAns.'C'i.e.,MiddlerectalInferiormesentericarterybranches: 1. Leftcolicartery:Itdividesintodescendingandascendingbranches.2. Sigmoidalarteries:Theseare2or3innumberandsupply descendingandsigmoidcolon. 3. Superiorrectalartery:Itisacontinuationofinferiormesenteric arteryinthelesserpelvisandanastomoseswithbranchesofthemiddleandinferiorrectalarteries.
640.Rouvierenodesaresituatedin? a)Nasopharynx b)Oralcavity c)Retropharynx d)Clavicularnodes CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,RetropharynxTheRouviere'snodeisthemostsuperiorofthelateralgroupoftheretropharyngeallymphnodes,andisfoundatthebaseoftheskull.Thekrewse'snodesarelymphnodessituatedinthejugularforamen.EnlargementofthesenodescompressoncranialnervesIX,XandXI,causingjugularforamensyndrome.
641.Risoriusisamuscleof? a)Mastication b)Deglutition c)Facialexpression d)Eyemovement CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Facialexpression[RefBDCVol.III,5th/ep.57]Therisorius(alsorisoriusmuscle,latin:musculusrisorius)isamuscleoffacialexpressionlocatedlaterallytothemouthopening,whichpullstheangleofthemouthlaterally.*Origin-Therisoriusoriginatesfromthemassetericfascia.*Insertion-Therisoriusinsertsintotheskinoftheangleofthemouth.*Action-Uponactivationtherisoriuspullstheangleofthemouthlaterally.-Contractionsoftherisoriusmuscleproducefacialexpressionofpleasureandlaughter.*Innervation-Therisoriusisinnervatedbythebuccalbranchofthefacialnerve(CNVII).*Bloodsupply-Therisoriusismainlysuppliedbythesuperiorlabialbranchofthefacialartery.
642.
Thethyrocervicaltrunkisabranchofwhichpartofsubclavianartery? a)1st b)2nd c)3rd d)None CorrectAnswer-AAns.'a'i.e.,1stBranchesofthesubclavianartery:? 1. 1stPartVertebralartery,internalthoracicartery,thyrocervical trunk,andonleftsidecostocervicaltrunk. 2. 2ndPartOnrightsidecostocervicaltrunk.3. 3rdPartDorsalscapularartery.
643.Nucleusfasciculatusisseenin? a)Frontallobe b)Medulla c)Temporallobe d)Midbrain CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Medulla[RefQuantitativeHumanphysiology:Anintroductionp.327]Ithasnotbeenmentionedinanytextbook.Butaccordingtotheabovementionedreferencenucleusfasciculatusistheothernameofnucleuscuneatus."Thesensoryfibersofdorsalcolumntravelintracts,fasciculusgracilisandfasciculusCuneatusintheCordandthesefibersmakesynapseswithsecondorderneuronsinthenucleusgracilisandthenucleusfasciculatus".--QuantitativeHumanphysiology.Nucleusgracilisandnucleusfasciculusarefoundinthemedulla.
644.Whichofthefollowingisanoperculated sulcus? a)Calcarine b)Collateral c)Lunate d)Central CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,LunateOperculatedsulcusseparatesbyitslipsintotwoareasandcontainsathirdareainthewallsofthesulcuse.g.lunatesulcusisanoperculatedsulcus,separatingthestriateandparastriateareas.AxialPosteriorpartofcalcarinesulcusLimitingCentralsulcusAnteriorpartofcalcarinesulcusOperculatedLunatesulcusCompleteCollateralsulcus,Anteriorpartofcalcarinesulcus
645.Chamberlainslineis? a)Palatetoocciput b)Palatetotemporal c)Palatetoforamenmagnum d)Palatetoparietal CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Palatetoforamenmagnum[Ref:Atlasofradiographicmeasurement]TheChamberlainlineisdrawnfromtheposteriorsurfaceofthehardpalatetothetipoftheopisthion(posterioraspectoftheforamenmagnum).Itisusedtomeasurethedistanceofhowmuchtheodontoidtipextendsabovethisline.Ifthetipofthedensextends>3mmabovethislinethenithelpstorecognizethepresenceofbasilarinvagination(acraniocervicaljunctionabnormalitywherethetipofthedensprojectupintotheforamenmagnum)
646.StructuresnotpassingthroughAortic opening: a)Azygosvein b)Aorta c)Thoracicduct d)Vagus CorrectAnswer-DAnswer-D.VagusAorticopening(Aortichiatus)isoneofthethreemajoraperturesthroughthediaphragm&liesatthelevelofT12.Severalstructurespassthroughtheaortichiatus:aorta,azygosvein,thoracicduct.Vaguspassesthroughtheoesophagealhiatus.
647.NervesofBranchialarchderivedfrom: a)Mesoderm b)Endoderm c)Neuralcrest d)Neuroectoderm CorrectAnswer-CAnswer-C.NeuralcrestBranchialorpharyngealarchesaremassesofmesodermcoveredbyectodermandlinedbyendoderm.Withinthesemasses,muscularandskeletalcomponentsdevelop,aswellasaorticarchesandnervenetworks.Thearchesareseparatedbygrooves,visibleonthesurfaceoftheembryoaspharyngealcleftsandintheinteriorasthepharyngealpouchesInthehumanembryo,thearchesarefirstseenduringthe4thweekofdevelopment.Theyappearasaseriesofoutpouchingsofmesodermonbothsidesofdevelopingpharynx.Theneuralcrestarebilaterallypairedstripsofcellsarisingintheectodermatthemarginsoftheneuraltube.Thesecellsmigratetomanydifferentlocationsanddifferentiateintomanycelltypeswithintheembryo.NeuralCrestDerivativesAkeyfeatureofneuralcrestisthemigrationintootherembryonictissuestoformspecificneuralandnon-neuralpopulationsandstructures.Cranialneuralcrestmigration-dorsolaterallyandintopharyngealarchescraniofacialmesenchyme-cartilage,bone,cranialneurons,glia,
andconnectivetissuesofthefacepharyngealarchesandpouches-thymiccells,toothodontoblasts,middleearbones(ossicles),striavasculariscells,andjaw(mandible)Inthebodyregion,neuralcrestcellsalsocontributetheperipheralnervoussystem(bothneuronsandglia)consistingofsensoryganglia(dorsalrootganglia),sympatheticandparasympatheticgangliaandneuralplexuseswithinspecifictissues/organs.Intheheadregion,neuralcrestcellsmigrateintothepharyngealarchesformingectomesenchymecontributingtissueswhichinthebodyregionaretypicallyderivedfrommesoderm(cartilage,bone,andconnectivetissue). NeuralCrestOrigin System CellType PeripheralNervous Neurons-sensoryganglia,sympatheticandSystem parasympatheticganglia,entericnervous (PNS) system,andplexusesNeuroglialcells,olfactoryensheathingcellsSchwanncells Endocrine AdrenalmedullaCalcitonin-secretingcellsCarotidbodytypeIcells Integumentary Epidermalpigmentcells Facialcartilage Facialandanteriorventralskullcartilageand andbone bones Sensory Innerear,cornealendotheliumandstroma Connectivetissue Toothpapillae smoothmuscle,andadiposetissueofskinofheadandneckConnectivetissueofmeninges,salivary,lacrimal,thymus,thyroid,andpituitaryglandsConnectivetissueandsmoothmuscleinarteriesofaorticarchorigin
648.Acutetonsillitiseffectswhichnerve: a)GlossopharyngealNerve b)FacialNerve c)Trigeminalnerve d)VagusNerve CorrectAnswer-AAnswer-A.GlossopharyngealNerveThenervessupplyingthepalatinetonsilscomefromthemaxillarydivisionofthetrigeminalnerveviathelesserpalatinenerves,andthetonsillarbranchesoftheglossopharyngealnerve.Theglossopharyngealnervecontinuespastthepalatinetonsilandinnervatestheposterior1/3ofthetonguetoprovidegeneralandtastesensation.Thisnerveismostlikelytobedamagedduringatonsillectomy,whichleadstoreducedorlostgeneralsensationandtastesensationtotheposteriorthirdofthetongue.Relationsoftonsillarbed
649.Hardpalatecontains: a)Keratinised,submucosa,minorsalivarygland b)Keratinised,absentsubmucosallayer,minorsalivarygland c)Nonkeratinised,submucosallayer,minorsalivarygland d)Nonkeratinised,absentsubmucosa,minorsalivarygland CorrectAnswer-AAnswer-A.Keratinised,submucosa,minorsalivaryglandThehardpalateislocatedontheroofoftheoralcavity,posteriorandmedialtothealveolarprocessofthemaxilla.Thebonystructureisformedbythepalatineprocessesofthemaxillaandthehorizontalplatesofthepalatinebones.Theperiosteumiscoveredbyafirmlyattachedmucosacentrally,althoughasubmucosaisapparentlaterallycontainingvessels.Thehardpalateiscontinuouswiththesoftpalateposteriorly.MacroscopicFeaturesThehardpalateistypicallyapalepinkcolourandmayhaveanorangepeelappearancefromthepalatinesalivaryglands(morecommonposteriorly).MicroscopicFeaturesThehardpalateislinedwithakeratinisingstratifiedsquamousepithelium,tightlyboundtotheunderlyingperiosteumofthepalatinebone/maxilla.Thereisminimalsubmucosa,whichbecomesmoreprominentposteriorly.
650.Broca'sareasituatedin: a)Inferiorfrontalgyrus b)Superiortemporalgyrus c)Angulargyrus d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAnswer-A.InferiorfrontalgyrusBroca'sareaortheBrocaarea(44)isaregioninthefrontallobeofthedominanthemisphere(usuallytheleft)ofthehominidbrainwithfunctionslinkedtospeechproduction.Inabilitytospeakafterinjurytotheposteriorinferiorfrontalgyrusofthebrain.PierrePaulBrocaheidentifiedthisregion,knownasBroca'sarea.DifficultyinlanguageproductionasBroca'saphasia,alsocalledexpressiveaphasia.Broca'sareaisnowtypicallydefinedintermsoftheparsopercularisandparstriangularisoftheinferiorfrontalgyrus.
BROCA'SAREA(showninred).Coloredregionisparsopercularisandparstriangularisoftheinferiorfrontalgyrus.Broca'sareaisnowtypicallydefinedintermsoftheparsopercularisandparstriangularisoftheinferiorfrontalgyrus.
651.Thrombosisofposteriorinferior cerebellararterycauses: a)Lateralmedullarysyndrome b)Webersyndrome c)Medialmedullarysyndrome d)none CorrectAnswer-AAnswer-A.LateralmedullarysyndromeTheposteriorinferiorcerebellarartery(PICA),thelargestbranchofthevertebralartery,isoneofthethreemainarterialbloodsuppliesforthecerebellum,partofthebrain.Occlusionoftheposteriorinferiorcerebellararteryoroneofitsbranches,orofthevertebralarteryleadstolateralmedullarysyndromealsocalledWallenbergsyndrome
652.Whatisthetensorofvocalcords: a)Cricothyroid b)LateralCricoarytenoid c)Thyroarytenoids d)Posteriorcricoarytenoids CorrectAnswer-AAnswer-A.Cricothyroid Cricothyroid: Tensorofvocalcords. Lateralcricoarytenoid: Abductorofvocalcords.Thyroarytenoid: Relaxorofvocalcords. Posterior Abductorofvocalcords cricoarytenoid: MusclesactingontheLarynxMovement Muscles ElevationofLarynx Thyrohyoid,mylohyoidDepressionoflarynx Sternothyroid,sternohyoidOpeninginletof Thyroepiglotticus larynxClosinginletof Aryepiglotticus larynxAbductorofvocal Posteriorcricoarytenoidonly cordsAdductor Lateralcricoarytenoidtransverse&oblique ofvocalcords arytenoids Tensorofvocal
cords Cricothyroid Relaxerofvocal Thyroarytenoid cords
653.AboutSibson'sfasciawhichisincorrect: a)Attachedtotheinnerborderof2ndrib b)Coversapicalpartoflung c)Partofscalenusanteriormuscle d)Vesselpassabovethefascia CorrectAnswer-AAnswer-A.Attachedtotheinnerborderof2ndribThesuprapleuralmembraneisknownasSibson'sfascia.Itreferstoathickeningofconnectivetissuethatcoverstheapexofeachhumanlung.ItattachestotheinternalborderofthefirstribandthetransverseprocessesofvertebraC7.Suprapleuralmembrane/Sibson'sfascia
654.Uretericbuddevelopsfrom: a)Mesonephros b)Metanephros c)Pronephros d)Genitalsinus CorrectAnswer-AAnswer-A.MesonephrosTheuretericbud,alsoknownasthemetanephrogenicdiverticulum,isaprotrusionfromthemesonephricductduringthedevelopmentoftheurinaryandreproductiveorgans.Itlaterdevelopsintoaconduit(channel)forurinedrainagefromthekidneys,which,incontrast,originatefromthemetanephricblastema.Themetanephrogenicblastemaormetanephricblastema(ormetanephricmesenchyme,ormetanephricmesoderm)isoneofthetwoembryologicalstructuresthatgiverisetothekidney,theotherbeingtheuretericbud.
655.AboutWeber'ssyndromewhichis incorrect: a)Contralateralhemiplegia b)IpsilateralOculomotornervepalsy c)ContralateralParkinsonism d)Anteriorcerebralpeduncle CorrectAnswer-DAnswer-D.AnteriorcerebralpeduncleWeber'ssyndrome(superioralternatinghemiplegia)isaformofstrokecharacterizedbythepresenceofanipsilateraloculomotornervepalsyandcontralateralhemiparesisorhemiplegia.Itiscausedbymidbraininfarctionasaresultofocclusionoftheparamedianbranchesoftheposteriorcerebralarteryorbasilarbifurcationperforatingarteries.Thislesionisusuallyunilateralandaffectsseveralstructuresinthemidbrain:Contralateralparkinsonismbecauseitsdopaminergicprojectionstothebasalgangliainnervatetheipsilateralhemispheremotorfield,leadingtoamovementdisorderofthecontralateralbody.Contralateralhemiparesisandtypicaluppermotorneuronfindings.Itiscontralateralbecauseitoccursbeforethedecussationinthemedulla.Difficultywithcontralaterallowerfacialmusclesandhypoglossalnervefunctions.IpsilateralOculomotornervepalsywithadroopingeyelidandfixedwidepupilpointeddownandout.Thisleadstodiplopia.
656.Allarespecialvisceralefferentcolumn except- a)Glossopharyngealn b)Nucleusambiguus c)vagusnerve d)trigeminalnerve CorrectAnswer-BAnswer:B.NucleusambiguusSpecialvisceralefferentfibers(SVE)aretheefferentnervefibersthatprovidemotorinnervationtothemusclesofthepharyngealarchesinhumans,TheonlynervescontainingSVEfibersarecranialnerves:thetrigeminalnerve(V),thefacialnerve(VII),theglossopharyngealnerve(IX),thevagusnerve(X)andtheaccessorynerve
657.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnot trueaboutiliolumbarligament? a)Upperfibresattachedtoiliaccrest b)Lowerfibresattachedtobaseofsacrum c)Helpinmaintaininglumbosacraljointstability d)UpperattachmenttotransverseprocessofT12 CorrectAnswer-DAnswer:D-UpperattachmenttotransverseprocessofT12TheligamentattachestoL5Iliolumbarligament:StrongligamentpassingfromthetipoftransverseprocessoffifthlumbarvertebratoposteriorpartofinnerlipofiliaccrestUpperbandsgetsattachedtotheiliaccrest.Lowerbandsgetsattachedtobaseofsacrum.Majorfunctionistostrengthenthelumbosacraljoint.
658.Whichofthefollowingstructure developsfromdorsalmesentery? a)Greateromentum b)Lesseromentum c)Liver d)Diaphragm CorrectAnswer-AAns.A.GreateromentumTheportionofthedorsalmesenterythatattachestothegreatercurvatureofthestomach,isknownasthedorsalmesogastrium.Thepartofthedorsalmesenterythatsuspendsthecolonistermedthemesocolon.Thedorsalmesogastriumdevelopsintothegreateromentum.
659.Chordomaarisesfrom: a)Pharyngealbursa b)Notochord c)Rathke'spouch d)Luschka'sbursa CorrectAnswer-BAnswer:-B.NotochordChordomaisarareslow-growingneoplasmthoughttoarisefromcellularremnantsofthenotochord.Chordomascanarisefromboneintheskullbaseandanywherealongthespine.Thetwomostcommonlocationsarecraniallyattheclivusandinthesacrumatthebottomofthespine.Therearethreehistologicalvariantsofchordoma:classical(or"conventional"),chondroidanddedifferentiated.
660.Seminalcolliculusispresentin? a)Testis b)Prostate c)Urethra d)Scrotum CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,UrethraSeminalcolliculusorcolliculusseminalisorverumontanumispresentintheprostaticurethra.FeaturesoftheprostaticurethraUrethralcrest-medianlongitudinalmucousfold.Colliculusseminalis(verumontanum):Anelevationinthemiddleoftheurethralcrestwiththeopeningofaprostaticutricleatitssummitandanejaculatoryductoneachside.Openingsofejaculatoryducts:Thesearepresentoneachsideoftheorificeoftheutricle.Prostaticsinuses:Theseareverticalgroovespresentoneachsideoftheurethralcrest.Theyarepresentwithopeningsofprostaticglands.
661.Whichofthefollowingisnotaderivative offoregut? a)Cecum b)duodenum c)Liver d)Pancreas CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Cecum[RefLangman11th/ep.223]:-Derivativesare:-PharynxLowerrespiratorytractEsophagusStomachDuodenumuptotheopeningofthemainpancreaticductLiverPancreas
662.Upwardmovementofthethyroidglandis preventeddueto? a)Berryligament b)Pretrachealfascia c)Sternothyroidmuscle d)Thyrohyoidmembrane CorrectAnswer-BAns:B.PretrachealfasciaThethyroidglandiscoveredbyathinfibrouscapsule,whichhasaninnerandanouterlayer.Theinnerlayerextrudesintotheglandandformstheseptumthatdividesthethyroidtissueintomicroscopiclobules.Theouterlayeriscontinuouswiththepretrachealfascia,attachingtheglandtothecricoidandthyroidcartilagesviaathickeningofthefasciatoformtheposteriorsuspensoryligamentofthethyroidglandalsoknownasBerry'sligament.Thiscausesthethyroidtomoveupanddownwiththemovementofthesecartilageswhenswallowingoccurs.Gray'sAnatomy:TheAnatomicalBasisofClinicalPractice,41e,Pageno470
663.Thereasonforthelongleftrecurrent laryngealnerveisduetothepersistenceofwhicharchartery? a)3rdarch b)4tharch c)5tharch d)2ndarch CorrectAnswer-BAns:B.4tharchLeftRLNwindsaroundthearchofaortaArchofaortaisderivedfromthe4tharchLangmansMedicalEmbryology13thedition(Pageno88,239)
664.Ligationofthehepaticarterywillimpair bloodsupplyin a)RightgastricandRightgastroepiploicartery b)RightgastricandLeftgastricartery c)Rightgastroepiploicandshortgastricvessels d)Rightgastricandshortgastricvessels CorrectAnswer-AAns:A.RightgastricandRightgastroepiploicarteryTherightgastricarteryisabranchofthecommonhepaticarteryTherightgastroepiploicarteryisabranchofthegastroduodenalarterywhichisabranchofthecommonhepaticarteryTheleftgastricarteryisabranchoftheceliactrunkShortgastricvesselsarisefromthesplenicarteryGray'sAnatomy:TheAnatomicalBasisofClinicalPractice,41stEdition(Pagenos1116and1117)
665.Wolffianductremnantinfemaleis a)PouchofDouglas b)Uterovesicalpouch c)Gartner'scyst d)Broadligament CorrectAnswer-CAns:C.Gartner'scystGartner'scysts,sometimesincorrectlyreferredtoasvaginalinclusioncysts,arethemostcommonbenigncysticlesionsofthevagina.Theyrepresentembryologicalremnantsofthecaudalendofthemesonephric(Wolffian)duct.Gartner'sductsarefoundinabout25%ofadultwomen.AlmostonepercentoftheseductsevolveintoGartner'sductcyst.Ref:AcaseofGartner'scystofvagina,J.AnesthCritcareOpenAccess,2017,00259.
666.Nervesupplyoftheextraocularmuscles isconstitutedbyallexcept a)Ophthalmicnerve b)Oculomotornerve c)Trochlearnerve d)Abducentnerve CorrectAnswer-AAns:A.OphthalmicnerveLateralrectusissuppliedby6thcranialnerve(abducentnerve)Superiorrectusissuppliedby4thcranialnerve(trochlearnerve)Alloftheremainingextraocularmusclesaresuppliedbytheoculomotornerve.Theophthalmicnerveisabranchofthetrigeminalnerveandispurelysensoryinnature.BDC7thedition,volume3,pgno.215.
667.Claudicationduetopoplitealfemoral incompetenceisprimarilyseenin a)Thigh b)Calf c)Buttocks d)Feet CorrectAnswer-BAns:B.CalfCalfAortaandCommonIliac-ButtocksFemoralArtery-ThighSuperficialfemoralartery-CalfandpoplitealarteryPosteriortibialArtery-FeetBDC7thedition,volume2,pageno137.
668.Whichmuscleisparalyzedifthereis hyperextensionofmetacarpophalangealjointandflexionoftheinterphalangealjoint? a)Extensordigitorum b)Interosseiandlumbricals c)Adductorpollicis d)Pronatorquadratusmuscle CorrectAnswer-BAns:B.InterosseiandlumbricalsHyperextensionofmetacarpophalangealjointandflexionoftheinterphalangealjointisduetopalsyoflumbricalsandinterosseimuscles.TheactionofLumbricals:FlexionofMCP,ExtensionofIPjointTheactionofPalmarinterossei:AdductionoffingersTheactionofDorsalinterossei:AbductionoffingersRef:BDC,7thedition,volume1,pgno.163.
669.Tumouroftheuncinateprocessofthe pancreaswillcompresswhichartery a)Portalvein b)Superiormesentericartery c)Inferiormesentericartery d)Commonhepaticartery CorrectAnswer-BAns:B.SuperiormesentericarteryThesuperiormesentericarterypassesanteriortotheuncinateprocessPosteriorly,theuncinateprocessisrelatedtoaorta.Ref:BDC,7thedition,vol2,page-328.
670.Aboymetwithamotorbikeaccident.CT brainshowsinjurytotheposteriorendofthesuperiortemporalgyrus.Heislikelytosufferfrom a)Fluentaphasia b)Non-fluentaphasia c)Conductionaphasia d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns:A.FluentaphasiaFluentaphasiaLesionsintheposteriorportionoftheleftSTGwereassociatedwiththelossoftheabilitytocomprehendandproducespokenwordswhicharecalledas"fluentaphasia"BDC7thedition,volume4,pageno129.
671.A65-year-oldladypresentswitha vascularinjurytotheinferiorfrontalgyrus.Whichfunctionalareawouldmostlybeaffected a)Visual b)Auditoryss c)Wernicke d)Motorspeech CorrectAnswer-DAns:D.MotorspeechMotorspeechdefectisalsocalledapraxiaofspeech.InjurytotheBroca'sarea/leftinferiorfrontalgyruscausesmotorspeechdefect.BDC7thedition,volume4,pageno129.
672.Whereisthehighestoxygen concentrationpresentsinfetalcirculation a)SVC b)IVC c)Rightventricle d)Aorta CorrectAnswer-BAns:B.IVCHighlyoxygenatedbloodfromtheplacentaiscarriedtothefetusbytheumbilicalvein,whichisshuntedtotheinferiorvenacava.NelsonTextbookofPediatrics20thEdition(Pageno2161)
This post was last modified on 23 November 2021