GrievoushurtcomesunderwhichsectionofIPC? a)Section319 b)Section320 c)Section324 d)Section326 CorrectAnswer-BSection320REF:TextbookofForensicMedicineandToxicologybyNageshKumarRaoPage259Section320:GrievoushurtThefollowingkindsofhurtonlyaredesignatedas"grievous" 1. Emasculation2. Permanentprivationofthesightofeithereye3. Permanentprivationofthehearingofeitherear4. Privationofanymemberorjoint5. Destructionorpermanentimpairingofthepowersofanymemberor joint 6. Permanentdisfigurationoftheheadorface7. Fractureordislocationofaboneortooth8. Anyhurtwhichendangerslifeorwhichcausesthesufferertobe duringthespaceoftwentydaysinseverebodilypain,orunabletofollowhisordinarypursuits.
2.Fourcarpalbonesarepresentatwhatage? a)3years b)4years c)5years d)6years CorrectAnswer-B4yearsREF:Parikh6'editionpage2.9Between2to6years,thenumberofcarpalbonespresentonXrayrepresentstheapproximateageinyears,asforexample,fourcarpalbones--4years.
3.Grevioushurtcomesundersection: a)319 b)320 c)324 d)326 CorrectAnswer-B320
4. Magnan'sphenomenonoccursinaddiction of: a)Alcohol b)Cocaine c)LSD d)Opiates CorrectAnswer-BCocaine
5."Last"toputrefyinmaleis: a)Uterus b)Prostate c)Testes d)Liver CorrectAnswer-BProstate
6.Allthefollowingaretrueregardingpseudocyesis,EXCEPT: a)Thepatientsusuallyhaveanintensedesiretohavechildren b)Changeinthebreastmaybepresent c)Theremaybeconsiderableincreaseinthesizeoftheabdomen d)Thelabourpaininvariablycontinuetopersistevenifsheistold thatsheisnotpregnant CorrectAnswer-DPseudocyesisorphantompregnancyisusuallyseeninpatientsnearingmenopauseorinyoungwomenwhointenselydesirechildren.Mostofthemsufferfromsomeformsofpsychicorhormonaldisorder.Theabdomenmaydistendduetodepositionoffat.Thepregnancymayprogresstofulltermandthelabourpainmaystopabruptlywheninformedthatsheisnotpregnant. Ref:TextbookofForensicMedicineandToxicologybyNarayanReddy,Edition21,Page-333
7.Minimumageforgivingconsentfororgan donationinIndiais? a)16years b)18years c)21years d)Noagelimit CorrectAnswer-BAlegalageof18yearshasbeensettoconsentforterminationofpregnancy(MTPAct1971),donationofbloodanddonationoforgans(TransplantationofHumanOrganAct1994). AsperTransplantationofHumanOrgansAct1994"donor"meansanyperson,notlessthaneighteenyearsofage,whovoluntarilyauthorizestheremovalofanyofhisorgansfortherapeuticpurposesundersubsection(1)orsub-section(2)ofsection3.ParentsorGuardiansconsentwillberequiredforanyindividualbelow18yearswishingtodonateanorgan.
8.Chokingischaracteristicofthefollowing weapon: a)Revolver b)Pistol c)Shotgun d)Rifle CorrectAnswer-CThechokinglessenstherateofspreadofshotafteritleavesthemuzzle,increasestheexplosiveforceandincreasesthevelocity.Shotgunshavevariablechokeadapters.Differentdegreesareknownasfull-choke,half-chokeandquarter-chokeorimprovedcylinder.Ref:TheEssentialsofForensicMedicineandToxicologybyKSReddy,27thedition,Page184.
9.Whichofthefollowingismeantbytheterm `SinofGomorrah'? a)Oralsex b)Analsex c)Bestiality d)Lesbianism CorrectAnswer-AOralsexisalsocalledcoitusperosorSinofGomorrahorbuccalcoitus.AccordingtoBiblethesinwascommoninatowncalled:Gomorrah,sothename.ItisincludedinUnnaturalsexualoffencesAct(S.377IPC).Ref:TheEssentialsofForensicMedicineandToxicologybyDr.K.S.NarayanReddy,27thedition,Page365.
10.Disputedmaternitycanbesolvedby usingthefollowingtests,EXCEPT: a)Bloodgrouping b)HLAtyping c)Preciptintest d)DNAfingerprinting CorrectAnswer-CPrecipitintestisanantigen-antibodyreactiontest,usedtodistinguishbetweenspecies.Itusesspeciesspecificantiserum.Itwillnotbeusedfordisputedmaternity. Ref:TextbookofMedicalJurisprudence,ForensicMedicineandToxicologyByParikh,6thEdition,Pages7-21;TheEssentialsofForensicMedicineandToxicologyByKSNarayanReddy,27thEdition,Pages402
11.Postmortemstaininggetsfixedafter: a)2-3hrs. b)3-4hrs. c)5-6hrs.. d)7-8hours CorrectAnswer-DDi.e.7-8hours
12.Trueaboutcadavericspasm: a)Developsimmediatelyafterdeath b)Maydevelophoursafterdeath c)Developsonlyinfacialmuscles d)All CorrectAnswer-AAi.e.Developsimmediatelyafterdeath
13.Adipocereformationisseenin: a)Deadbodyexposedtoair b)Deadbodyburiedindamp,claysoil c)Burialindryhotair d)All CorrectAnswer-BBi.e.Deadbodyburiedindamp,claysoilIdealconditionforadipocereformationarewarm(hot)temperature,moisture(humid)&diminutionofairQe.g.deadbodyimmersedinwaterordampsoilQ
14.HeatRuptureischaracterizedby: a)Regularmargins b)Irregularmargins c)Rupturedbloodvessels d)RupturedRedBloodcells/clottedblood CorrectAnswer-BBi.e.Irregularmargins
15.Emphysemaaquosumisseenin: a)Wetdrowning b)Drydrowning c)Immersionsyndrome d)Secondarydrowning CorrectAnswer-AAi.e.Wetdrowning-Emphysemaaquosumisseeninwet(typical)drowningQwheredrowningfluidcausesalveolarwalldisruption&enterstissue&bloodvessels.Ifdeadbodyisthrownintowater,duetohydrostaticpressurewaterpassesintolungsknownashydrostaticlung.Oedemaaquosum(nocolumnsoffroth)isseenindrowningofunconscious.-ARDS&Fibrosingalveolitisisseeninneardrowningorsecondarydrowningsyndrome.-DryLungisseenindrydrowninginwhichdeathoccursduetolaryngealspasm.-Ifdrowningissurvived,theeventisreferredtoasneardrowning&complicationsasnear(secondary)drowningsyndrome..-InImmersionsyndromedeathresultsfromcardiacarrestduetovagalinhibition.Q
16.Inacaseofhangingneckligaturemarks areexampleof a)Contussion b)Printedabrasion c)Laceration d)Bruise CorrectAnswer-BBi.e.Printedabrasion
17.Incaseofdeathinlockup,theinquestis heldby a)Apoliceofficer b)Magistrate c)Panchayatofficer d)DistrictAttorney CorrectAnswer-BBi.e.Magistrate
18.Whichoffollowingtestsinusedtodetect semen? a)Phenolphthaleintest b)Reine'stest c)Barberio'stest d)Paraffintest CorrectAnswer-CCi.e.Barberio'stest:Barberio'stestisusedforidentificationofseminalstainsFewdropsofbarberio'sreagent(containingpiericacid)areaddedtotheseminalstain.PositivetestisindicatedbyformationofYellowandneedleshapedcrystalsofsperminepicrate.(Spermineinseminalstainreactswithpicricacidtoformthesecrystals)Phenolphthaleintest(Kastle-Meyertest)isusedforidentificationofhaemoglobininbloodstains-Parikh6th/7.16Paraffintest(orDermalnitratetest)isusedtodetectgunpowderonskini.e.todetermineifsuspecthaddischargedafirearm-Parikh6"/7.39Reine'stesthasnotbeenmentionedinforensicliterature Forensicteststodetect Seminal BloodStains Stain -Barberio's -BenzidinetestQ testO-Fluorence -Phenophthalein testQ (Kastle?
testQ (Kastle? -Acid Meyer)testQ phosphatasetestQ -Takayama's -Creatine Haemochromogen phosphatase crystaltest testQ -Elisatest -Teichmann'sHaemincrystaltestQ-Spectroscopic test
19.Transvestismis: a)Wearingclothesofoppositesex b)Touchingonesownprivatepartstoothers c)Desireforsexualintercoursewithdeadbodies d)Orgasmfromvisualisationpartofthebodyofawoman CorrectAnswer-AAi.e.Wearingclothesofoppositesex
20.Paraphiliasareallexcept: a)Bisexuality b)Homosexuality c)Bestiality d)Frottuerism CorrectAnswer-AAi.e.Bisexuality-Abnormal&unorthodoxsexplaybyusingunusalobjectsorpartsofbodyareknownasparaphilliaeg.Sadomasochism,Transvestism,Uranism,Beastality,Fortteurism,Urolangia,Homosexualityetc.-Bisexualitymeanshermaphroditei.e.anindividualwithbothovary&testis&externalgenitalsofbothsexes.
21.Widmark'sformulahelpsinthe measurementsofbloodlevelof: a)Barbiturates b)Cocaine c)Alcohol d)Benzodiazepines CorrectAnswer-CCi.e.Alcohol
22.Postmortemwoundbestdiffersfromthe antemortemwoundby: a)Gapsonincising b)Noclots c)Absenceoferythemaandcellularchanges d)All CorrectAnswer-CCi.e.Absenceoferythema&cellularchange
23.Arsenicpoisoningpresentswith symptomsmimicking a)Cholera b)Dhaturapoisoning c)Barbituratespoisoniong d)Morphinepoisoning CorrectAnswer-AAns:A.)Cholera.ARSENIC?Copperarsenite-sheele'sgreen?Copperacetoarsenite-parisgreen?Permissiblelimitsofarsenicingroundwater-0.05mg/L?Thegastroenterictypeofpoisoningresemblescholera?Greatestquantityisseenin-liver?Redvelvetyappearanceofmucosaofstomach?Mostaffectedpartofthestomach?pylorus?Subendocardialpetechialhemorrhagesoftheventricleistypicalofarsenicpoisoning(alsofoundinphosphorus,barium,mercuryandincasesofheatstrokeandacuteinfectiousdiseasee.g.influenza)?Rigormortislastslongerthanusual,DelaysputrefactionAcutepoisoning?Necrosisofintestinalmucosawithhemorrhagicgastroenteritis?Hypotension,delayedcardiomyopathyChronicpoisoning?AldrichMee'slineonfingernails?Raindroppigmentationonskin(measteslikerash)?Chronicconsumptionofwatercontaininghigharsenicconcentrationsleadtovasospasmandperipheralvascular
insufficiency-blackfootdisease?Diabetes,peripheralneuropathy,gangrene?Cancerofskin,lung,liver(angiosarcoma),bladder,kidney.?Arsenophagists-somepeopletakearsenicdailyastonicoraphrodisiacandacquiretolerance?Chelatingagent-Dimercaprol Arsenicwasusedasmurderweaponsinroyalfamilies,andcalledas"thepoisonofkingsandkingofpoisons"
24.AmylNitrateisusedasanantidote in...poisoning: a)CO2 b)CO c)Cyanide d)Nitricacid CorrectAnswer-CCi.e.Cyanide
25.Meaningoftermvitriolageis: a)Usingvitriolforsuicide b)Usingvitriolformurder c)Vitriolthrowing d)PerforationofstomachcausedbyH2SO4 CorrectAnswer-CCi.e.VitriolthrowingVitriolage(Vitriolthrowing)isthrowingofanycorrosive,notnecessarilysulphuricacid(H2SO4)onanotherpersonQ.Eyesarethemostaffectedorgans.
26.BestmethodoftreatmentofMethyl alcoholpoisoningis: a)Calciumgluconate b)Ethylalcohol c)Amphetamines d)1%Ammonia CorrectAnswer-BBi.e.Ethylalcohol
27.Charasis: a)LeavesofCannabisIndica b)FlowersofCannabisIndica c)StemofCannabisIndica d)ResinexudateofCannabisIndica CorrectAnswer-DDi.e.ResinexudatesofcannabisIndica
28.Trueaboutstrychninepoisoningis: a)Allmusclesaffectedatthesametime b)Shouldergirdleaffectedfirst c)Pelvicgirdleaffectedfirst d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAi.e.Allmusclesaffectedatsametime
29.Nuxvomicaseedscontain2alkaloids, strychnineand: a)Hyoscine b)Hyoscyamine c)Brucine d)Atropine CorrectAnswer-CCi.e.Brucine
30.Aseasnakeis: a)Neurotoxic b)Hemotoxic c)Musculotoxic d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-CCi.e.Musculotoxic
31.Notagrievousinjury: September2005 a)Multiplescarsofface b)Fractureoffemur c)Emasculation d)Contusionofbreast CorrectAnswer-DAns.D:ContusionofbreastSec320IPC:anyofthefollowinginjuresaregrievous?EmasculationPermanentprivationofsightoreithereyePermanentprivationofHearingoreitherearPermanentprivationofanymemberorjointPermanentdisfigurationoftheheadorfaceDestructionorpermanentimpairingofthepowerofanymemberorjointFractureordislocationofaboneortoothAnyhurtswhichendangerslife,orwhichcausesthevictimtobeinseverebodilypainorunabletofollowhisordinarypursuitsforaperiodoftwentydays
32.Policeinquestisrequiredinallexcept: b)Accidentaldeath c)Dowrydeath d)Murder CorrectAnswer-CAns.C:DowrydeathInpoliceinquest,sub-inspectororofficerinchargeofthepolicestationconductstheinquestinsuicide,murder,accidentaldeathsordeathundersuspiciouscircumstances.Magistrateinquestisdonein:CustodialdeathDeathduetopolicefiringDeathinprisonDeathinapsychiatrichospitalDowrydeathsExhumationIndowrydeaths,inquestshouldbecarriedoutbyamagistrateorpoliceofficer,notbelowtherankofdeputysuperintendentofpolice.
33.Braindeathissaidtooccurifthere is:March2008 a)Absentspinalreflexes b)Corticaldeathfollowingwidespreadbraininjury c)Absenceofbrainstemreflexes d)Coretemperatureofthebodyisbelow35degreeC CorrectAnswer-CAns.C:AbsenceofbrainstemreflexesBrainstemisresponsiblefortherespiratorydriveandmostlyforthemaintenanceofBP.Allmotoroutputsfromthebraintravelthroughthebrainstem.Apartfromsmellandvision.Allsensorytrafficcomingintothebraincomesthroughthebrainstem.Thebrainstemalsomediatesthecranialnervereflexes.Henceaproperlyfunctioningbrainstemisapreconditionforfullconsciousness.Irreversiblebraindamageandlossofbrainfunction,isevidencedbycessationofbreathingandothervitalreflexes(mediatedbybrainstem),unresponsivenesstostimuli,absenceofmuscleactivity,andaflatelectroencephalogramforaspecificlengthoftime.
34.Firstpermanentteethtoeruptis: September2008 a)Firstpremolar b)Secondpremolar c)Firstmolar d)Secondmolar CorrectAnswer-CAns.C:FirstmolarAttheageofabout6-7year,firstpermanentmolarteetheruptsbehindthesecondtemporarymolar.Attheageof9,thereare12permanentteeths.Attheageof11,thereare20permanentteethsAttheageof14,thereare28permanentteeths
35.Rigormortisoccursdueto: September2008 a)Muscleofthebodybegantorelax b)Capillo-venousdistensioninthemostdependentbodyparts c)Muscleofthebodybegantostiffen d)Mummificationofthebodytissues CorrectAnswer-CAns.C:MuscleofthebodybegantostiffenAfewhoursafterthedeath,thejointsofthebodystiffenandbecomelockedinplace.Thisstiffeningiscalledrigormortis.Dependingontemperatureandotherconditions,rigormortislastsapproximately24-48hoursinwinterand18-36hoursinsummer.Thephenomenoniscausedbytheskeletalmusclespartiallycontracting.Themusclesareunabletorelax,sothejointsbecomefixedinplaceRigormortiscanbeusedtohelpestimatetimeofdeath.Theonsetofrigormortismayrangefrom1-2hours,dependingonfactorsincludingtemperature(rapidcoolingofabodycaninhibitrigormortis,butitoccursuponthawing).Maximumstiffnessisreachedaround12-24hourspostmortem.Itfirststartsininvoluntarymuscles(myocardium)Eyelids,neckandjawmusclesareaffectedfirst,withtherigorthenspreadingtootherpartsofthebody.Thejointsarestiffbutaftersometimegeneraltissuedecayandleakingoflysosomalintracellulardigestiveenzymeswillcausethemusclestorelax.
36.Bestmethodformethanolpoisoning treatment:March2007 a)Ethanol b)Calciumgluconate c)Desferroxamine d)BAL CorrectAnswer-AAns.A:EthanolWhenmetabolizedbyhepaticalcoholandaldehydedehydrogenase,methanolformsformaldehydeandformicacid,bothofwhicharetoxic.Formicacidistheprimarytoxinthataccountsforthemajorityoftheaniongap,metabolicacidosis,andoculartoxicity.Formicacidinhibitscytochromeoxidaseinthefundusoftheeye.Swellingofaxonsintheopticdiscandedemaresultinvisualimpairment.Degradationofformicacidisfolatedependent.Thus,ifafolate-deficientpersoningestsethanol,toxicitymaybemoresevereduetotheincreasedaccumulationofformicacid.Approximately90-95%ofmethanolmetabolismoccursintheliver,while5-10%isexcretedunchangedthroughthelungsandkidneys.Methanolisprimarilymetabolizedbyalcoholandaldehydedehydrogenase.Formaldehydehasashorthalf-life,lastingonlyminutes.Formicacidismetabolizedmuchmoreslowly,anditbioaccumulateswithsignificantmethanolingestion.PhysicalSignOcularphysicalfindingsincludesluggishlyreactiveorfixedand
dilatedpupils.RetinaledemaorhyperemiaEdemaoftheopticdiscmaybeseen.Opticatrophymayappearinlatestages(permanentblindness).CNSsignsincludelethargyandconfusion.Respiratorysignsincludedyspnea(rarecases)orevenKussmaulrespiration,despiteacidosis.Cardiacsigns(e.g.,hypotension,bradycardia)arelatesignsassociatedwithapoorprognosis.LabstudiesMethanolconcentration:Thisstudyconfirmsingestionandhelpsguidetreatment.Rememberthatlowserumconcentrationdonotruleoutsignificanttoxicity;latepresentersmayhavelowmethanolconcentrationsbutelevatedformicacidlevelsandsevereclinicaltoxicity(e.g.,severemetabolicacidosis,blindness,coma).TreatmentSupportivemeasuresAttemptedcorrectionofacidosisusingsodiumbicarbonateisindicatedifpHislessthan7.20.AnalkalemicpHmakesitmorelikelythatformicacidwillexistasitsanion(formate),whichcannotaccesstheCNSandopticnerveasreadily.Administerfolicacidforseveraldaystopotentiatethefolate-dependentmetabolismofformicacidtocarbondioxideandwater.Ethanolinfusionisrecommended:Ethanolisacompetitiveinhibitorofalcoholdehydrogenaseand,thereby,impairsthemetabolismofmethanolandethyleneglycol.Ethanolhas10-20timesgreateraffinityforalcoholdehydrogenasethanmethanoldoes.Plasmaformateconcentrationisofprognosticvalue
37.Gastriclavageiscontraindicatedinwhich ofthefollowing:September2010 a)Arsenicpoisoning b)Kerosenepoisoning c)OrganophosphorusPoisoning d)Dhaturapoisoning CorrectAnswer-BAns.B:KerosenePoisoningLavageiscontraindicatedwhenpatientshaveacompromised,unprotectedairwayandinpatientsatriskofgastrointestinalhemorrhageorperforation.Relativecontraindicationsincludewhenthepoisoningisduetoacorrosivesubstance,hydrocarbons,orforpoisonsthathaveaneffectiveantidote.
38.Whichofthefollowingpoisoningpresents withabdominalpain,diarrhea,Meeslineonnailsandmyelosuppression:September2011 a)Lead b)Arsenic c)Alcohol d)Mercury CorrectAnswer-BAns.B:ArsenicInchronicarsenicpoisoning,aclassicalstateofillhealthresultsarerepresentedby4stages.Firststageofnutritionalandgastrointestinaldisturbances(diarrhoeaiscommon)Thirdstage(ofskinrashes)showswhitebandsknownasMeeslinecrossingthenailoffingersandtoesInadditiontothis,theremaybeevidenceofliverdamage,kidneydamageandbonemarrowdepressionatsomestageArsenicpoisoningIncreasedlevelsoftheelementarsenicinthebody.Arsenicinterfereswithcellularlongevitybyallostericinhibitionofanessentialmetabolicenzyme.Symptomsofarsenicpoisoningincludeheadache,confusion,convulsion,diarrhea,vomiting,andinseverecasecomaanddeathRoutesofexposureincludecontaminatedwater,air,andfood.Occupationalexposuretoarsenicmayoccurwithcopperorleadsmeltingandwoodtreatmentandamongworkersinvolvedintheproductionorapplicationofpesticides
Symptomsofarsenicpoisoningbeginwithheadaches,confusion,severediarrhea,anddrowsiness.Asthepoisoningdevelops,convulsionsandchangesinfingernailpigmentationcalledleukonychiamayoccur.Whenthepoisoningbecomesacute,symptomsmayincludediarrhea,vomiting,bloodintheurine,crampingmuscles,hairloss,stomachpain,andmoreconvulsions.Theorgansofthebodythatareusuallyaffectedbyarsenicpoisoningarethelungs,skin,kidneys,andliver.Chronicarsenicexposurecanremaininthebodysystemsforalongerperiodoftimethanashortertermormoreisolatedexposureandcanbedetectedinalongertimeframeaftertheintroductionofthearsenic,importantintryingtodeterminethesourceoftheexposure.Hairisapotentialbioindicatorforarsenicexposureduetoitsabilitytostoretraceelementsfromblood.Incorporatedelementsmaintaintheirpositionduringgrowthofhair.Thusforatemporalestimationofexposure,anassayofhaircompositionneedstobecarriedoutwithasinglehairwhichisnotpossiblewitholdertechniquesrequiringhomogenizationanddissolutionofseveralstrandsofhair.ThistypeofbiomonitoringhasbeenachievedwithnewermicroanalyticaltechniqueslikeSynchrotonradiationbasedXrayfluorescence(SXRF)spectroscopyandMicroparticleinducedXrayemission(PIXE).Dimercaprolanddimercaptosuccinicacidarechelatingagentswhichsequesterthearsenicawayfrombloodproteinsandareusedintreatingacutearsenicpoisoning.Themostimportantsideeffectishypertension.Dimercaprolisconsiderablymoretoxicthansuccimer
39.Contributorynegligenceisnegligencedue to:NEET13 a)Doctoronly b)Patientonly c)Bothdoctorandpatient d)Hospitaladministratoranddoctor CorrectAnswer-CAns.Bothdoctorandpatient
40.Policeinquestisdoneinall,except: NEET13,14 a)Suicidaldeath b)Homicidaldeath c)Dowrydeath d)Deathbyanimals CorrectAnswer-CAns.Dowrydeath
41.Incriminalcases,conductmoneyispaid by:NEET13 a)Court b)Oppositeparty c)Judge d)Noconductmoneyisgiven CorrectAnswer-DAns.Noconductmoneyisgiven
42.IPC197isrelatedto: NEET14 a)Causingdisappearanceofevidence b)Issuingfalsecertificatebydoctor c)Givingfalseevidence d)bandcboth CorrectAnswer-BAns.B.)IssuingfalsecertificatebydoctorI.P.C197,Issuingorsigningfalsecertificate.IPCsrelatedtoMedicalPractice:
43.Dyingdeclarationisa: MAHE10 a)Circumstantialevidence b)Oralevidence c)Documentaryevidence d)Hearsayevidence CorrectAnswer-CAns.Documentaryevidence
44.Oralevidenceismoreimportantthan writtentestimonyas:NEET13 a)Oralevidencecannotbecross-examined b)Oralevidencecanbecross-examined c)Documentaryevidencerequiresnoproof d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.Oralevidencecanbecross-examined
45.Cruralindexis: a)Lengthoftibia/femurx100 b)Lengthofradius/humerusx100 c)Lengthoffibula/tibiax100 d)Lengthofradius/ulnax100 CorrectAnswer-AAns.Lengthoftibia/femurx100
46.Fourcarpalbonesarepresentatwhat age:DNB09 a)3years b)4years c)5years d)6years CorrectAnswer-BAns.4years
47.Cornealtattooingmaybedonewith: a)Goldchloride b)Calciumchloride c)Coppersulfate d)Potassiumpermanganate CorrectAnswer-AAns.Goldchloride
48.Methodofidentificationusinglips: a)Dactylography b)Poroscopy c)Cheiloscopy d)Tricology CorrectAnswer-CAns.Cheiloscopy
49.Postmortemcaloricityisseeninall, except:AP06;Bihar12;BHU12 a)Burns b)Sunstroke c)Tetanus d)Septicemia CorrectAnswer-AAns.Burns
50.Elderlyindividuallivingaloneina temperatezoneisfounddeadonemorning.Theelectricheaterisfoundtobedamaged.Therigormortiswillsetin:NEET14 a)Earlierthanexpected b)Laterthanexpected c)Willnotsetin d)Willsetinasexpected CorrectAnswer-AAns.Earlierthanexpected
51.Foamyliverisseenin: TN08;UP08;NIMS11;NEET13 a)Arsenicpoisoning b)Electrocution c)Hanging d)Putrefaction CorrectAnswer-DAns.Putrefaction
52.Lastorgantoputrefyinfemalesis: BHU12 a)Kidney b)Uterus c)Brain d)Spleen CorrectAnswer-BAns.Uterus
53.Followingismostsuggestiveof antemortemhanging:DNB09 a)Salivarydribbling b)Congestionoflungs c)Ligaturemarks d)Petechialhemorrhages CorrectAnswer-AAns.Salivarydribbling
54.Bansdolaisaformofstrangulationby: NEET14 a)Ligature b)Hands c)Woodensticks d)Bendofelbow CorrectAnswer-CAns.C.WoodensticksDependinguponthemethodusedtoconstricttheneck,strangulationcanbedividedinto:Ligaturestrangulation:*Neckiscompressedbyaligatureofwhichusuallymultipleroundsaregivenandnoknotistied.Throttling(manualstrangulation):*Neckiscompressedbyoneorbothhands.*Whenneckiscompressedbytwopalms,itisknownaspalmarstrangulation.Bansdola:*Compressionofneckwithoneortwowoodensticksorbamboo.Garrotting:*Itiscompressionofneckbyaropethrownfrombehind.Spanishwindlassisatypeofgarrotting,whichusedtobetheofficialmodeofexecutioninspain.Inthis,anironcoloraroundtheneckwastightenedbyascrewforstrangulation.Mugging(chokehold):*Itiscompressionofneckbyforearmorinthebendofelbow.Strangulationbyknee/foot:*Inthis,neckiscompressedbykneeorfoot.
55.Hyoidbonefracturedoesnotoccurin: NEET14 a)Hanging b)Strangulation c)Throttling d)Choking CorrectAnswer-DAns.Choking[RefParikh61Vep.3.24]Itisverysimplequestion.Hyoidfracturewilloccuronlywhenthereispressureonhyoid(neck)fromoutside.Inchoking,thereisnopressureonhyoid.Fractureofhyoid:Throttling(manualstrangulation)>ligaturestrangulation>Hanging.
56.Burkingincludes: NEET13 a)Choking b)Ligature c)Overlaying d)Traumaticasphyxia CorrectAnswer-DAns.Traumaticasphyxia
57.Causeofdeathfordrowningincold water:NEET13 a)Vagalinhibition b)Asphyxia c)Lossofconsciousness d)Ventricularfibrillation CorrectAnswer-AAns.Vagalinhibition
58.Bestindicatorofantemortemdrowningis: Delhi07;TN11 a)Frothinnostrils b)Cutisanserina c)Washerwoman'shand d)Waterinstomach CorrectAnswer-AAns.Frothinnostrils
59.Ectopicbruiseismostcommonlyseenin: NEET13 a)Leg b)Eye c)Pinna d)Scalp CorrectAnswer-BAns.Eye
60.Blackeningofeyemostcommonbecause of:NEET13 a)Frictionabrasion b)Patternedabrasion c)Imprintabrasion d)Contusion CorrectAnswer-DAns.Contusion
61.Incisedlookinglacerationisseeninall, exceptAFMC11;NEET13 a)Iliaccrest b)Zygomaticbone c)Shin d)Chest CorrectAnswer-DAns.Chest
62.Shotgundoesnotcontainuse: NEET13 a)Barrel b)Chokebore c)Bullets d)Muzzle CorrectAnswer-CAns.Bullets
63.Dirtcollarorgreasecollarisseenin: NEET13 a)Puncturedwoundbysharpweapon b)Laceratedwound c)Firearmentrywound d)Stabwound e)None CorrectAnswer-CAns.FirearmentrywoundSmudgering/Leadring/Greasecollar/DirtcollarThisisduetothewipeofthesoftmetalofthebullet,ordirtpresentonit,orgreasecarriedfromthebarrel&isdepositedroundtheentrancewoundinternaltotheabradedcollarThesmudgeringmaythereforebeabsentwhenthejacketedbullethaspassedthroughclothingThesmudgingincaseofleadshotorunjacketedbulletscanbedetectedmicrochemicallyonthetarget(skin/cloth)Theforensicvalueofbulletwipeistoestablishaholeasabullethole,todeterminetheentrysite,&onoccasionthesequenceofshotsorbullet'spassagethroughmultipleobjects.
64.Kennedyphenomenonisseenin: NEET13 a)Roadtrafficaccident b)Gunshotinjury c)Burns d)Contusion CorrectAnswer-BAns.Gunshotinjury
65.Gunshotresidueonhandscanbe detectedby:DNB10;NEET13 a)Phenolphthaleintest b)Dermalnitratetest c)Benzidinetest d)H2activationtest CorrectAnswer-BAns.Dermalnitratetest
66.Hingefractureis: a)Depressedfracture b)Suturalfracture c)Orbitalfracture d)Basilarfracture CorrectAnswer-DAns.Basilarfracture
67.Mostcommonlocationofhypertensive intracranialhemorrhageis:AI06;NIMHANS08;DNB10;WB11 a)Subarachnoidspace b)Basalganglia c)Cerebellum d)Brainstem CorrectAnswer-BAns.BasalgangliaThemostcommonsitesforhypertensiveintracranialhemorrhageare: ?Basalganglia(putamen,thalamusandadjacentdeepwhitematter)?Deepcerebellum?Pons Soamongtheoptionsprovidedbasalgangliaisthesinglebestanswerofchoice.Ref:Harrison'sPrinciplesofInternalMedicine,16thEdition,Pages2390-92.
68.Mostcommonorganinjuredin penetratinginjuryoftheabdomen: a)Liver b)Spleen c)Smallbowel d)noneofthese CorrectAnswer-CAns-C-SmallBowelThemostcommoncauseisastaborgunshot.Themostcommonorgansinjuredarethesmallbowel(50%),largebowel(40%),liver(30%),andintra-abdominalvascular(25%).Whentheinjuryiscloserange,thereismorekineticenergythanthoseinjuriessustainedfromadistance.Eventhoughmostgunshotwoundstypicallyhavealinearprojection,thehigh-energywoundsareassociatedwithunpredictableinjuries.Theremayalsobesecondarymissileinjuriesfromboneorbulletfragments.Stabwoundsthatpenetratetheabdominalwallaredifficulttoassess.
69.Colorofpostmortemlividityin hypothermicdeaths:NEET13 a)Purple b)Deepred c)Cherryred d)Brightpink CorrectAnswer-DAns.Brightpink
70.Miner'scrampsarealsocalled: NEET13 a)Heatcollapse b)Heatcramps c)Sunstroke d)Heatexhaustion CorrectAnswer-BAns.Heatcramps
71.Trueaboutheathematoma: PGI12 a)Insidethebrain b)Betweenskullandduramater c)Betweenskullandpericranium d)Betweenscalpandpericranium CorrectAnswer-BAns.Betweenskullandduramater
72.Filigreeburnoccurin: FMGE09;NJI10;JIPMER11 a)Lightning b)Electrocution c)Vitriolage d)Infanticide CorrectAnswer-AAns.Lightning
73.Organsfirsttobeinjuredinairblast: NEET13 a)Ear,lung b)Kidney,spleen c)Pancreas,duodenum d)Liver,muscle CorrectAnswer-AAns.Ear,lung
74.Ifawomanisassaultedbyherhusband thenheischargedunder:FMGE11 a)Sec.498-AIPC b)Sec.304-AIPC c)Sec.304-BIPC d)Sec.504IPC CorrectAnswer-AAns.Sec.498-AIPC
75.AllsectionsofIPCarerelatedtogrievous hurt,except a)Sec.320 b)Sec.331 c)Sec.326 d)Sec.319 CorrectAnswer-DAns.d.Sec.319319.Hurt.--Whoevercausesbodilypain,diseaseorinfirmitytoanypersonissaidtocausehurt.Itisoftwotypes:i.Simpleandii.GrievousSec-319-->DefinesHurt.--Whoevercausesbodilypain,diseaseorinfirmitytoanypersonissaidtocausehurt.Sec-320-->Definesthegrievoushurtandcomprisesof8clausesSec-326-->Voluntarilycausinggrievoushurtbydangerousweapons/means,fine/punishmentupto10years.Sec331-->Voluntarilycausinggrievoushurttoextortconfession,ortocompelrestorationoftheproperty.shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
76.Trueaboutreactionaryhemorrhage followingsurgery:UP10 a)Hemorrhageoccurringwithin48h b)Hemorrhageoccurringwithin36h c)Hemorrhageoccurringwithin24h d)Hemorrhageoccurringduringsurgery CorrectAnswer-CAns.Hemorrhageoccurringwithin24hHemorrhageaccordingtotheTimeofappearancecanbeclassifiedasbelowsPrimaryhemorrhageIsonewhichoccuratthetimeofinjuryoroperation.ReactionaryhemorrhageInmajorityofcasesreactionaryoccurwithin4to6hours.Suchbleedingmayalsooccurdueto:RestlessnessCoughingVomitingwithraisesthevenouspressureSecondaryhemorrhageThisoccursusuallyafter7to14daysofinjuryoroperation.Thisisusuallyduetoinfectionandsloughingofapartofthearterialwall.
77.Ina3monthfetus,characteristicfeature seenis:NEET13 a)Nailsarevisible b)Limbswellformed c)Anusisseenasdarkspot d)Meconiumisfoundinduodenum CorrectAnswer-AAns.Nailsarevisible
78.Miscarriageispunishableunderwhich IPC:AIIMS13;NEET14 a)Sec320IPC b)Sec311IPC c)Sec312IPC d)Sec314IPC CorrectAnswer-CAns.Sec312IPC
79.Gestationalsaccanbeseenusing ultrasonographyattheearliestby:Gujarat07 a)3rdweek b)4thweek c)5thweek d)8thweek CorrectAnswer-CAns.5thweekThegestationalsaccanbevisualizedasearlyas41/2weeksbytransvaginalUSGand5weeksbytransabdominalUSG.
80.Insexualassaultofachild,thehymenis usuallynotruptureddueto:NEET13 a)Deepseated b)Underdeveloped c)Tootoughtorupture d)Distensible CorrectAnswer-AAns.Deepseated
81.Irresistiblesexualdesireinamaleis knownas:AIIMS08 a)Nymphomania b)Tribadism c)Satyriasis d)Sadism CorrectAnswer-CAns.SatyriasisSatyriasisisexcessivesexualdesireinmalewhereheenjoyshavingmultiplesexualpartnersordesiresexcessivesexualactivity.Thefemale-specifictermforthesameconditionisNymphomania.Afetishisanabnormalstimulusorobjectofsexualdesire.Fetishismmeanstheuseofsuchobjectsofsexualgratificationleadingtoorgasm.Forexmapleunderclothing,brassiere,petticoat,stocking,shoes,etc.Frotteurism:Sexualsatisfactionisobtainedbyrubbingagainstpersonsincrowd.Iftheyattemptintercourse,theyhaveaprematureejaculationortheyareimpotent.Itisanuncommonperversionandrarelyoccursalone
82.Masochismmeans: TN09 a)Sexualintercoursewithdeadbody b)Sexualpleasurebycontactwitharticlesofoppositesex c)Sexualpleasurebysufferingofpain d)Sexualpleasurebyself-stimulation CorrectAnswer-CAns.Sexualpleasurebysufferingofpain
83.Erotomaniaisseenin: NEET13 a)Bipolarmania b)Unipolarmania c)Neurosis d)Obsessivecompulsivedisorder CorrectAnswer-AAns.Bipolarmania
84.Typeofschizophreniawithmental retardation:NEET13 a)Von-Goghsyndrome b)Paranoidschizophrenia c)Catatonicschizophrenia d)Pfropfschizophrenia CorrectAnswer-DAns.Pfropfschizophrenia
85.Hydrogenperoxideisusedinallofthe followingchemicaltestsforbloodexcept:NEET13 a)Benzidinetest b)KastleMayertest c)Orthotoludinetest d)Teichmanntest CorrectAnswer-DAns.Teichmanntest
86.Fatheroftoxicology is:NEET13 a)Paracelsus b)Galen c)Galton d)Orfila CorrectAnswer-AParacelsusiscalledfatheroftoxicology.Mathieuorfilaisthoughtofasfatherofmoderntoxicology
87.Tetanyiscausedbypoisoningwith: NEET13 a)Oxalicacid b)Carbolicacid c)Sulphuricacid d)Nitricacid CorrectAnswer-AAns.Oxalicacid
88.Chronicarsenicpoisoningdoesnot cause:NEET13,15 a)Mixedsensoryandmotorneuropathy b)Mesothelioma c)Hyperkeratosisofskin d)Anemia CorrectAnswer-BAns.Mesothelioma
89.Bariumcarbonatepoisoning causes:NEET13 a)Respiratorydistress b)Gastrointestinalirritation c)Muscularweakness d)Cyanosis CorrectAnswer-CAns.Muscularweakness
90.Opiumisderivedfrom: NEET13 a)Leaf b)Root c)Poppyseed d)Unripecapsule CorrectAnswer-DAns.Unripecapsule
91.Ethyleneglycolwheningestedaffects kidneybyforming:NEET13 a)Formaldehyde b)Oxalates c)Phytates d)Phosphates CorrectAnswer-BAns.Oxalates
92.Mutteringdeliriumisseenwith: NEET13 a)Ricinus b)Dhatura c)Cocaine d)Aconite CorrectAnswer-BAns.Dhatura
93.Instrychnosnuxvomicapoisoning, patient:NEET13 a)Becomesunconsciousimmediately b)Becomesunconsciousin1horso c)Becomesunconsciousatendstage d)Remainsconsciousthroughout CorrectAnswer-DAns.Remainsconsciousthroughout
94.Innuxvomicapoisoning,posture commonlyassumedbythespineis:NEET13 a)Opisthotonus b)Emprosthotonus c)Pleurosthotonus d)BandC CorrectAnswer-AAns.Opisthotonus
95.Antidoteforstrychninepoisoning is:NEET13 a)Fomepizole b)Physotigmine c)Barbiturates d)Naloxone CorrectAnswer-CAns.Barbiturates
96.Mechanismofcyanidepoisoningisby inhibiting:NEET13 a)DNAsynthesis b)Cytochromeoxidase c)Proteinbreakdown d)Proteinsynthesis CorrectAnswer-BAns.Cytochromeoxidase
97.InCOpoisoning,immediateemergency treatment:Jharkhand10 a)5%CO2inhalation b)10%CO2inhalation c)HighflowO2 d)Nitroglycerine CorrectAnswer-CAns.HighflowO2
98.Notacontactpoison: MAHE14 a)Pyrethrum b)Parisgreen c)Rotenone d)Eucalyptusoil CorrectAnswer-AAns.is.A.Pyrethrum
99.Oximesarecontraindicatedinwhich poisoning:NEET13 a)Malathion b)Diazinon c)Phorate d)Carbamate CorrectAnswer-DAns.Carbamate
100.Treatmentofacutealcohol withdrawal:Punjab09 a)Diazepam b)Bupropion c)Disulfiram d)Acamprosate CorrectAnswer-AAns.Diazepam
101.Allaretrueofopioidwithdrawal,except: NIMHANS10;PGI14 a)Yawning b)Hallucinations c)Lacrimation d)Piloerection CorrectAnswer-BAns.Hallucinations
102.Amotivationalsyndromeisseenwith: Maharashtra10;NEET13 a)Heroin b)Cannabis c)Cocaine d)Clonidine CorrectAnswer-BAns.Cannabis
103.Toxinresponsibleforepidemicdropsy: AIIMS07;UP09;PGI11 a)BOAA b)Aflatoxin c)Sanguinarine d)Pyrrozolidine CorrectAnswer-CAns.Sanguinarine
104.Nullityofmarriageisconsideredwhen? a)Adulteryinfirst7years b)Infertilityofhusband c)Assaultinfirst7yrs d)Age>55years CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,InfertilityofhusbandUndersection12ofHinduMarriageAct1955orsection24ofSpecialMarriageAct1954,awifemayseekdivorceonthegroundthatherhusbandwasimpotentatthetimeofmarriageandcontinuestobeimpotentthereforeheisincapableoffulfillingtherightsofconsummationofmarriagebyanactofsexualintercourse.ConditionsfornullityofmarriageAnymarriagecanbedeclarednullandvoidunderfollowingconditions:?1)Bigamy,i.e.onespousehasmadeonemoremarriage2)Impotence3)Ifeitherpartyisunderage4)Ifonespouseishavingunsoundmindatthetimeofmarriage,virulentformofleprosyorveneraldiseaseinacommunicableform.5)Ifonespousehasnotbeenheardofasbeingaliveforaperiodof7yearsorundergoingasentenceofimprisonmentfor7years.6)Iftheconsenthasbeenobtainedbycoercionorfraud.7)Ifthewomanalreadypregnantwithsomeoneelse'schildatthetimeofmarriage.
105.WHOdefinitionofabdominalobesityis? a)Waist-hipratio>0.80infemales b)Waist-hipratio>0.85infemales c)Waist-hipratio>0.90infemales d)Waist-hipratio>0.95infemales CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Waist-hipratio>0.85infemalesAssessmentofobesityFollowingparametersareusedtoassessobesity:?1)Skinfoldthickness(SFT)Sinceitismostaccessible,SFTisthemostcommonmethodusedtoassessobesity.Measurementsaretakenat4sites:midtriceps(bestsite),biceps,subscapularandsuprailiacregions.Thesumofmeasurements_50mmingirlsand240mminboysindicateobesity.Atsinglemidtricepslevel(bestsitetomeasureSFT),thickness18mminboysand32mmingirlsindicateobesity.TheinstrumentusedtoestimateSFTisHarpendenskincallipers.2)Waistcircumference(WC)andWaist/Hipratio(WHR)Thesearegoodpredictorsformetaboliccomplicationsandriskofcardiovasculardisease.Thecut-offforwaistcircumferenceis102cmsinboys(forIndia90cms)and88cmsingirls(forIndia.80cms).WHR>1.0inmenand>0.85inwomenindicatesobesityandabdominalfataccumulation.3)Waist-Heightratio(WHtR)Itisthebestindicatorofcardiovascularrisk.Itisindependentof
ageandsex.Cut-offvalueis0.5.4)Indicesbasedonweightand/orheightTheseare:?i)Bodymassindex(Qetelet'sindex)Itisusedinternationallyasreferencestandardforassessingtheprevalenceofobesity.Itisdependentbothonheightandweight(hasbeenexplainedearlier).ii)PonderalindexItisdependentbothonheightandweight.Itisdefinedasheight(cm)dividedbycuberootofweight(kg).
106.Commonlyusedlongbonefor identification? a)Femur b)Radius c)Ulna d)Humerus CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,FemurStaturecanbecalculatedfromthelengthoflongbonesandusedforidentification.FemurandtibiagivemoreaccuratevaluescomparedtohumerusandradiusStatureisdeterminedinthedismemberedbody(skeletalremains)by: 1. Lengthfromthetipofthemiddlefingertothetipoftheopposite middlefingerwhenarmsarefullyextended. 2. Twicethelengthofonearm+30cm(oftwoclavicles)+4cm(for thesternum). 3. Humeruslengthis1/5thofheight.4. Thelengthfromthevertextothesymphysispubisishalfofthetotal length. 5. ThelengthfromthesternalnotchtoSymphysispubisx3.3.6. Thelengthoftheforearmmeasuredfromthetipofthemiddlefinger is=5/19oftotallength. 7. Theheightofheadmeasuredbytheverticaldistancefromthetopof thehead(vertex)tothetipofchin=1/8ofthetotallength. 8. Thelengthofthevertebralcolumn=34/100oftotallength.Tothe lengthoftheentireskeleton,add2.5to4cmforthethicknessofthe
softparts. 9. Asageneralrulehumerusis20%,thetibiais22%,thefemuris27% andthespineis35%oftheindividualheight.
107.Softfriableextraduralhematomawith honeycombappearanceseeninautopsyincasesofdeathdueto? a)Coagulopathy b)Thermalinjury c)Postmortemtrauma d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,ThermalinjuryWhentheheadisexposedtointenseheat,sufficienttocausecharringoftheskull,heathematomasoccur.Theyhavetheappearancelikeextraduralhemorrhage,butsignsofinjurybluntforcedonotaccompanyit.Itconsistsofsoftfriableclotoflightchocklatecolourandmaybepink,ifbloodcontainsCO.Theclothashoneycombedappearanceduetobubblesofsteamproducedbyheat.Thickness-11/2to15mmandvolume120ml.Thusthefindingsdescribedinthequestionhavetypicalappearancesecondarytoexcessheatasseeninthermalinjuriesduetoburns.
108.Whichofthegustafson'sparameteris themostaccurate? a)Attrition b)Periodontosis c)Rootresorption d)Transperencyofthetooth CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,TrnasperencyofthetoothAgefromteethafter20yearsTeetheruptionisusefulforageestimationuptoabout18years,beyondwhichitisjustaguesswork.Themethodsusedare:?A)Gustafson'smethod:Usefulonlyinpersonsolderthan21yearsofage,dependingonthephysiologicalchangesineachofthedentaltissues. 1. Attrition-duetowearandtearfrommastication,uppersurfaceof teethdestroyedgradually,firstinvolvingtheenamel-dentine-pulp(dependingonthefunctionaluseofteethandhardnessofenamel). 2. Paradentosis-recessionofgumsandperiodontaltissue surroundingtheteeth,exposingtheneckandadjacentpartofroot-teethfalloff(poorhygieneincreasesparadentosis). 3. Secondarydentineformation-developwithinthepulpcavityand decreasesizeofthecavity,startfrombase-apex,obliteratethecavity,increasewithage,cariesandparadentosis. 4. Cementumapposition-neartheendofroot,increasecementum, increasethickness,depositedthroughoutlife,andformincrementallines(devisedbyBoyde). 5. Rootresorption-becauseofcementumanddentine,absorptionof rootstartatapexandextendupward(maybepathological).
6. Transparencyoftheroot-seenafter30yearsofage,canalinthe dentineatfirstwiden,increasewithagebecauseofdepositionofminerals.Theybecomeinvisibleanddentinebecomestransparent(Mostreliableofallthecriteria).B)Mile'smethod:Agecanbeknownbychangesofroottransparency.QBoyde'method:Onenamelofthetooth,thereisalineatbirth(neonatalline).Withincreaseinage,morelinesareadded,studyofwhichhelpsinagedetermination.D)Stack'smethod:Ageofinfantcanbeknownfromheightandweightoferuptingteeth.
109.Maximumsofttissuebruisinginneckis seenin- a)Strangulation b)Hanging c)Burking d)Smothering CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,StrangulationAsmanualstrangulation(throttling)isamongthemostviolentformofasphyxia,hyoidfractureandotherinjurytoneckstructuresismorecommon.
110.Constitutionbywhichwecanforce peopleonhungerstriketoeatis? a)Article21 b)Article35 c)Article48 d)Article52 CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Article21Indianconstitution(Article21)ensuresrighttolife;thereisnoequivalentrighttodie.SinceIndianconstitutionissupreme,forcefeedinginhungerstrikersislawfulinIndia.
111.Followingisfalseregardingthebullet entrywoundinskull? a)Punchedinholeinoutertable b)Innertableshowsbevellingsurface c)Nopiecesofbonearepresentinthebullettrack d)Woundisfunnelshapedwiththefunnelopeninginthedirection inwhichthebulletistravelling CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,NopiecesofbonearepresentinthebullettrackFirearm/bulletwoundsintheskullWoundofentranceshowsapunchedin(clean)holeintheoutertable.Coneshapedboneisdetachedfromtheinnertableformingacraterthatislargerthantheholeoftheoutertableandshowsbeveling(slopingsurface).Fissuredfracturesareseenradiatingfromthedefect.Irregularlacerationsmaybeseeninvolvingtheleptomeninges.Piecesofbonefromthewoundofentryareoftendrivenintothecranialcavityandmayestablishthebullettrack.Atthepointofexitapunchedoutopeningisproducedintheinnertableandbeveledopeningintheoutertable.Thewoundisfunnelshapedwiththefunnelopeninginthedirectioninwhichthebulletistravellingbothinentranceandexitwound.Theexitwoundislargerduetodeformityandtumblingofthebulletafterenteringtheskull.
112.Frigidityis? a)Inabilitytoinitiatesexualarousalinmales b)Inabilitytoinitiatesexualarousalinfemales c)Inabilitytoinitiateandmaintainsexualarousalinmales d)Inabilitytoinitiateandmaintainsexualarousalinfemales. CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,InabilitytoinitiateandmaintainsexualarousalinfemalesFrigidity:Inabilitytoinitiateandmaintainsexualarousalinfemales.
113.Whichofthefollowingteetheruptearlier intheupperjaw? a)Centralincisor b)Lateralincisor c)Canine d)Firstmolar CorrectAnswer-BAns.isb'i.e.,Lateralincisor
114.Fencingattiudeofthedeadbodiesis causedby? a)Ciagulationofproteins b)Emulsificationoffact c)Exposuretoexcesscold d)Electricshock CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,CoagulationofproteinsPugilisticattitude(boxing/fencing/defenceattitude)Itisheatstiffeningcausedbydenaturationandcoagulationofproteins.Itisindicativeofexposuretointenseheat.Thereisflexionatalljointsand?clawingoffingers.Thisphenomenonoccursbothinantemortemandpostmortemburns.
115.Lucidintervalmaybeseenin? a)Intracerebralhemorrhage b)Alcoholintake c)Insanity d)Subduralhemorrhage CorrectAnswer-CAns.is`e'i.e.,InsanityLucidintervalisseenininsanityandepiduralhaemorrhage.Lucidintervalisastateofconsciousnessbetweentwoepisodesofunconsciousnessinsubacute/chronicepiduralhaemorrhage.Itissignificantthatduringthisperiod(lucidinterval),thepersoncan:(i)Makeavalidwill,(ii)Cangivevalidevidence,and(iii)Islegallyresponsibleforactdone(civil/criminal).Lucidintervalisalsoseenininsanity,i.e.theperiodofsanitybetweentwophasesofinsanity.
116.Alkalinediuresisistreatmentofchoice inpoisoningwith? a)Benzodiazepine b)Barbiturates c)Dhatura d)Morphine CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,BarbituratepoisoningEliminationofpoisonfromcirculationcanbebyfollowingmethods:?A)ForceddiuresiswithorwithoutalterationofurinarypHDiuresisandiontrappingviaalterationofurinarypHmaypreventtherenalreabsorptionofpoisonsthatundergoexcretionbyglomerularfilterationandactivetubularsecretion.Forceddiuresismaybeoffollowingtypes:?1)Alkalinediuresis:Poisonswhicharetrappedandexcretedinalkalineurinearebarbiturates(phenobarbitone),chlorpropamide,diffunisol,sulfonamidesandsalicylates.2)Aciddiuresis:Itisdoneforamphetamines,cocaine,strychnine,phencyclidine,quinidine,quinine,chloroquine,TCAandtocainide.3)Salinediuresis:Itisusefulforalcohol,thallium,bromide,lithium,fluoride,chromium,potassiumandisoniazide.B)ExtracorporalremovaltherapiesTheseareperitonealdialysis,hemodialysis,hemoperfusion(resinorcharcol),hemofiltration,plasmapheresisandexchangetransfusion.Commonlyusedproceduresare:?1)Haemodialysis:Itisusefulinpoisoningwithalcohol(ethanolandmethanol),aspirin(salicylates),acetone,atenolol,acetaminophen,barbiturates(phenobarbitone),bromide,boricacid,chloralhydrate,ethyleneglycol,fluoride,lithium,trivalentarsenic,procainamide,
ethyleneglycol,fluoride,lithium,trivalentarsenic,procainamide,theophylline,thiocyanate,sodiumchlorateandsotalol.Hemodialysisisnotusefulincoppersulphate,benzodiazepines,organophosphates,kerosineanddigitalispoisonings.Inallpoisonings,wherehemodialysisisindicatedperitonealdialysisisalsousedwithonemoreindicationofmercurypoisoning.2)Hemoperfusion(chorcolorresin):Itisusedinacetaminophen,barbituratescarbamazepine,chloralhydrate,caffeine,CC14,chloramphenical,phenytoin,procainamide,salicylates,theophylline,valproate,dapsoneandmethotrexate.
117.Phossyjawiscausedby? a)Whitephosphorus b)RedPhosphorus c)Arsenic d)Antimony CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,WhitePhosphorusPhossyjawiscausedbyphosphoruspoisoning.Allphosphoruspoisoningarecausedbywhite(yellow)phosphorus(Redphosphorusisnontoxic).PhosphoruspoisoningPhosphorusisaprotoplasmicpoisonaffectingcellularoxidationandcausinganoxicnecorbiosis,classicallyaffectingliver.Itincreasesfatdepositionandinhibitsglycogendepositioninliver.Itisusedinfireworks(Diwalipoisoning)andasratpoison.Lethaldoseis60-120mg.Phosphorusoccursintwoforms:?1)White/yellowphosphorus:Itiswhite,andbecomesyellowonexposuretoair.Itistranslucent,waxy,luminousandcrystallinecylinders.Ithasgarliclikeodor.Itisinsolubleinwaterandluminousindark.Itsfumesshowphosphorescence.2)Redphosphorus:Itisreddishbrown,inert,odourlessandtasteless.Itisnontoxic(thuspoisoningoccursonlyduetowhitephosphorus).Itisputonthesides(strikingsurface)ofmatchbox(alongwithpowderedgalss).AcutepoisoningIthasfollowingstages:i)1stStage(GIirritation):Thereisnausea,vomiting,diarrheaandgarlicodor.Thisstagelastsfor8hoursto3days.
garlicodor.Thisstagelastsfor8hoursto3days.ii)2ndStage(Asymptomatic):Thisstagelastsfor3days.iii)3rdStage:Thereisliverandkidneydamageduetoabsorbedphosphorus.Initiallyliverisenlargedduetoacutefattyinfiltration.Laterlivershruksduetonecrosis,i.e.acuteyellowatrophy.ChronicpoisoningToothacheisthefirstsymptomwhichisassociatedwithlooseningofteeth,necrosisofgumsandosteomyelitisofjaw.Thereforechronicphosphoruspoisoningisalsoknowasphossyjaw(orglassjaw).PostmortemappearanceThereisgarlicodor.Visceraandstoolglowindark(duetoluminosity).Topreserveluminosity,visceraarepreservedinsaturatedsalinesolution.Rectifiedspiritisnotusedasitcauseslossofluminosity.
118.Presenceofspiralgroovesinthebarrel ofweaponisreferredtoas? a)Rifling b)Incendiary c)Cocking d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,RiflingTypeoffirearmweaponsBore(caliber)istheinnerdiameterofbarrel.Basedoninsideofbarrel(i.e.,bore),thefirearmweaponsaredividedinto:? 1. Smoothboreweapons:Barrelorboreissmoothinside,e.g.,shot gun,muskets,andmuzzleloaders. 2. Rifledweapons:Barrelorboreisrifledfrominside,i.e.,has longitudinallytwisedgrooves.Exampleare:Pistals,riflesandrevolvers.Pistalsandrevolversaresmall,soreferredtoashandguns.
119.Evidencenotusedinrape? a)Semeninvagina b)Semenonclothes c)Presenceofsmegabacilliinvagina d)Presenceofsmegmaunderprepuce CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,PresenceofsmegmaunderprepuceExaminationinacaseofrapeA.ExaminationofvictimVictimcannotbeexaminedwithoutwritteninformedconsent.Informedwrittenconsentshouldbeobtainediftheageofvictimisabove12years.Ifsheislessthan12yearsofageorifsheismentallyunsound,thewrittenconsentofparent/guardianshouldbetaken(Sec.90IPC).Victim(female)shouldbeexaminedbyorundersupervisionofafemaleRMP(Sec.53(2)CrPC).Findingwhicharesuggestiveofrapeare:- 1. Signsofstruggleonclothes(tear,blood,semen,mudetc),bodyand genitals(abrasion,contusion,bitesornailmarksetc). 2. Presenceofthesemeninthevagina(proofofsexualintercourse).3. Presenceofspermatozoainthevagina.4. Locardsprincipalofexchangestatesthatwhenevertwobodies comeincontactwitheachother,thereisexchangeofmaterialbetweenthetwoandsoacriminalcanbelinkedtocrime.Incaseofrape,pieceofcloth,button,hair,blood,saliva,semenorsmegmafromtheaccusedmaybefoundonthebodyofvictimandconverslymaterialsofvictimmaybefoundonthebodyofaccused. 5. Presenceofsmegmabacilliinvaginaissuggestiveofcoitus. B.Examinationofaccused
1. Anaccusedcanbeexaminedevenwithouthisconsent(Sec53(A) CrPC).FindingsmaybePresenceoftornfrenulumisconsistentwitharecentintercourse. 2. Thepresenceofsmegmaunderprepuceisinconsistentwithrecent intercouresasitgetsrubbedoffduringsexualintercourseandmaybedepositedinvagina.Ittakesabout24hourstoaccumulate.Thus,absenceofsmegmamayindicatesexualintercourse,providednobathistaken. 3. Presenceofvaginalepithelialcellsonpeniscanbedetectedby lugol'siodine.
120.WhichIPCincludesvitriolage? a)318 b)319 c)320 d)321 CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,320VitriolageisapotentialcauseofpermanentdisfigurementoffaceandthusiscoveredundergrevioushurtandsocomesunderIPC320.Vitriolage'isthrowingofanycorrosiveonanotherperson.Eyesareaffectedmostcommonly.Itcomesundersector320IPS.
121.Whichtypeofneuropathyisseenin arsenicpoisoning? a)Symmetricperipheralmotorneuropathy b)Asymmetricalperipheralmotorneuropathy c)Symmetricalperipheralsensoryneuropathy d)Asymmetricalperipheralsensoryneuropathy CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,AsymmetricalperipheralsensoryneuropathyNeurologicalmanifestationsofarsenicpoisoningHeadache,vertigo,hyperthermia,tremors,convulsions,coma,generalparalysis.Peripheralneuropathythatismoresensorythanmotoroccursinasymmetricdistalstockingglovedistributionafteronetotwoweeksofacuteorchronicexposure.
122.Incisedlookinglacerationisseenat? a)Forehead b)Hand c)Thorax d)Abdomen CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,ForeheadLACERATIONS(TearorRupture)Lacerationsaretearsorsplitsofskin,mucousmembraneandunderlyingtissue(e.g.,muscleorinternalorgans).Lacerationsareproducedbyapplicationofbluntforcetobroadareaofthebody,whichcrushorstretchtissuesbeyondthelimitsoftheirelasticity.Localizedportionsoftissuearedisplacedbytheimpactofthebluntforce,whichsetsuptractionforcesandcausestearingoftissues.Featuresoflacerationsare:?i)Hairandhairbulb,nervesandbloodvesselsarecrushedTheremaybeparalysis(nervecrushed)andhemorrhageisnotpronounced(bloodvesselscrushed).ii)Siteofinjuryisthesiteofimpact.iii)Shapeofinjuryisirregular,marginsareirregularandcontused/abradedandshowtagsoftissue.iv)Sizeofinjurydoesnotcorrespondstoimpactingsurface.Therearefollowingtypesoflaceration:?1)Splitlaceration:Splittingoccursbycrushingofskinbetweentwohardobjects.Bluntforceonareaswheretheskinisclosetorigidstructureslikebonewithscantysubcutaneoustissue,mayproduceawoundthatbylinearsplittingoftissuemaylooklikeincisedwound,i.e.,incisedlikeorincisedlookingwound.Examplesofsucharea
arescalp,eyebrows,cheekbones(zygomatic),lowerjaw,iliaccrest,perineumandskin.Awoundproducedbyafallonkneeorelbowwithlimbflexedandbyasharpstonealsosimulatesincisedwound.2)Strechlacerations:Overstretchingoftheskin,ifitisfixed,willcauselaceration,forexample,bykicking,suddendeformityofboneoccursafterfracture,makingitcompound.3)Avulsion(shearinglaceration):Anavulsionisalacerationproducedbysufficientforce(shearingforce)deliveredatanacuteangletodetach(tearoff)aportionofatraumatizedsurfaceorviscusfromitsattachment,theshearingandgrindingforcebyaweight.Flayingistypeofavulsioninwhichshearingandgrindingforcebyweight(suchasoflorrywheelpassingoveralimb)mayproduceavulsion(separationofskinfromunderlyingtissue/deglovingofalargearea).4)ears:Tearsoftheskinandtissuescanoccurfromimactbyaagainstirregularorsemi-sharpobjects,suchasdoorhandleofacar.Thisisanotherformofoverstretching.5)Cutlaceration:Cutlacerationsmaybeproducedbyaheavysharpedgedinstrument.
123.Howmuchispunishmentforsex determination? a)3years b)5years c)7years d)9years CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'A'i.e.,3yearsSincethequestionisaboutpunishmentforsexdeterminationnotrepeatoffenceofsexdeterminationanswerwillbe3yearsThefamiliesofapregnantwomanwhoaskforsexdeterminationarealsoliabletobepunished.Notadheringtotheprovisionsofthisactcouldwarrantpunishmentintheformofupto3yearsimprisonmentanduptoRs10,000fine,andonrepeatoffenceupto5yearsimprisonmentanduptoRs50,000fine.Thenameoftheregisteredpractitionerwouldberemovedfromthestatecouncilfor5yearsifguiltyandpermanentlyifrepeatoffenceiscommittedundersection23oftheact.
124.
Preauricularsulcusisapartof? a)Humerus b)Femur c)Pelvis d)Skull CorrectAnswer-CAns.is`c'i.e.,PelvisPreauricularsulcusisusedfordeterminationofsex.Itismorefrequent,broadanddeepinfemalepelvis.Thereisattachmentofanteriorsacroiliacligament.
125.Whatistheupperpermissiblelimitof alcoholallowedwhiledrivinginIndia- a)20mg% b)30mg% c)40mg% d)50mg% CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,30mg%ThestatutorylimitofalcohollevelinbloodinIndiawhiledrivingbeyondwhichdrivingisconsideredascrimeis30mg%.ItiscoveredunderS.185MotorVehicleAct1988.ThepunishmentforfirstoffenceisfineuptoRs.2000/-or6monthsofimprisonmentorbothandforsecondorsubsequentoffencefineuptoRs.3000/-orimprisonmentupto2yearsorboth.
126.Whatisthelevelofalcoholinblood beyondwhichpersoniscondideredintoxicated? a)40mg% b)80mg% c)120mg% d)140mg% CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,140mg%Allindividualswithabloodalcohollevelof140mg%areconsideredintoxicatedtothepointwheretheycannotdealwithunusual,emergencyornon-customaryproblems.
127.Thepathwaysfollowedbycorrosive acidsinstomachiscalled? a)Curlingulcer b)Cushingulcer c)Magenstrasse d)None CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,MagenstrasseMagenstrasseisthetermappliedtothepathwayacidicagentsfollowinstomach.Thepathwayofacidsandalkalisinfoodfilledstomachstartsalongthelessercurvatureofthestomachandleadstothepylorus,whichexplainsthelocationofgreatestdamageinfoodfilledstomach.Stomachwithoutfoodhavesignificantinjuryinthelowerhalfoftwothirdsandmayhavesparingoffundus.
128.ChocolateBrownpostmortemstainingis seenin? a)KClpoisoning b)Opiumpoisoning c)H2Spoisoning d)Cyanidepoisoning CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,KClPoisoning
129.Immersionsyndromeoccursdueto? a)Vagalinhibition b)VagalStimulation c)Sympatheticstimulation d)Sympatheticinhibition CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,VagalinhibitionTypesofdrowningDrowningisclassifiedas(1)typicaland(2)atypical.1.Typicaldrowning(wetdrowning)Typicaldrowningreferstoobstructionofairpassagesandlungsbyinhalationofwaterorotherfluid.ThereforeitisalsocalledwetdrowningandfindingsoffluidandfrotharepresentinPMexamination.Typicaldrowningmaybe:- i. Freshwaterdrowning:Infreshwaterdrowninglargequantitiesof watercrossthealveolarmembraneintocirculationcausinghypervolaemiaandhemodilution.RBCsimbibewaterandburst(hemolysis)withliberationofpotossium.Therefore,heartisexposedtovolumeoverload,potassiumexcess,sodiumdeficit(hyponatremia),andanoxia.Anoxiaandhyperkalemiacauseventricularfibrillationanddeathin4-5minutes. ii. Saltwaterdrowning:Hypertonicityofinhaledwatercauseslossof fluidfromcirculationintothelungsgivingrisefulminatingpulmonaryedemawithprogressivehypovolaemia,circulataryshock,andeventuallycardiacstandstill(asystole)withdeathin8-12minutes.2.AtypicaldrowningItreferstodrowninginwhichevenaftersubmersionofbodyinwater,littleornowaterantersrespiratorypassagesandlungs.
Hencetypicalfindingsofwetdrowningintheformoffrothandoedemaaquosumoflungsarenotfound.Atypicaldrowningmaybe:- i. Drydrowning:Oncontactwithwater,especiallycoldwater,there resultsintenselaryngospasm,sothatwaterdoesnotenterthelungs.Deathisduetoasphyxiabecauseoflaryngospasm. ii. Immersionsyndrome(hydrocution/submersioninhibition/vagal inhibition):Suddendeathoccursduetovagalinhibitionasaresultof(a)suddenimpactwithcoldwater,(b)duckdiving(fallinginwaterwithfeetfirst),and(c)horizontalentryinwaterwithimpactonepigastrium. iii. Submersionofunconscious:Ifpersonisunconscioussincebefore submersioninwater,littleornowaterentersrespiratorypassages.ItmayoccurinMI,cerebrovascularaccident,hypertension,epilepsy,cerebralaneurysmandindrunkstate. iv. Neardrowning(secondarydrowningsyndrome/postimmersion syndrome):Inthisdrowningissurvivedanddeathoccursatalaterstageafterremovalfromwater.Eitherthepersonhimselfcomesoutofwaterorheisrecoveredalive,butduetocomplicationsofsubmersion,hediesatalaterstage.Itisduetohypoxicencephalopathyandfibrosingalveolitis.Thedeathoccursduetocombinedeffectofcerebralhypoxia,pulmonaryedema,aspirationpneumonitis,electrolytedisturbancesandmetabolicacidosis.
130.Whatofthefollowingisseeninfresh waterdrowning? a)Hypovolemia b)Hemoconcentration c)Hyperkalemia d)Hypernatremia CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.Hyperkalemia
131.Whatistheproofofeyesbeingopenfor fewhoursafterdeath? a)Kevokiansign b)Tachenoir c)Bothoftheabove d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,TachenoirIftheeyelidsareopenforafewhoursafterdeath,afilmofcelldebrisandmucousformstwoyellowtrianglesonthescleraoneithersideoftheiris,whichbecomebrownandthenblackcalledtachenoirwithing3-4hours.
132.Majorityisobtainedbyapersonunder courtguardianshipbyageof? a)19years b)20years c)21years d)22years CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,21yearsApersonattainsmajorityoncompletionof18years.Howeverifapersonisundertheguardianshipofcourt,heattainsmajorityafter21years(IndianMajorityAct1875).
133.Whichmethodisnotusedforautopsy? a)Virchow b)Rokitansky c)Lettulle d)Thomas CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,ThomasMethodsofremovaloforgansVirchow'stechnique-organsareremovedonebyone.Cranialcavityisexposedfirst,followedbythoracic,cervical&abdominalorgans.Rokitansky'stechnique-Itinvolvesinsitudissectioninpart,combinedwithenblockremoval.Lettulle'stechnique-Cervical,thoracic,abdominal&pelvicorgansareremovedenmasse&dissectedasorganblock.
134.Spaldingsignisseenin? a)Drowning b)Mummification c)Maceration d)Starvation CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,MacerationDeadborn:Adeadbornchildisonewhichhasdiedinuteroandshowsoneofthefollowingsignsafteritiscompletelyborn:?1)Rigormortis:Rigormortismayoccurindeadfetusbeforebirthoratbirth.2)Maceration:Macerationisaprocessofasepticautolysis.Itoccurswhenadeadfetusremainsintheuterusfor3-4dayssurroundedbyliquoramniibutwithexclusionofair.Skinslippageistheearliestsign(occurswithin12hours).Thereisgasinthegreatvesselsandchambersofheart(Robert'ssign).Exceptforlunganduterus,whichremainunchangedforalongtime,allotherorgansbecomesoft,oedematousandloosetheremorphology.Theoneimportantradiologicalsignsuggestiveofmacerationis'Spaulding'ssign'i.e.skullbonesoverrideeachother.Thesmellissomewhatrancid.3)Putrefaction(decomposition):Ifthemembranesarerupturedafterdeathoffetusandairgainsentryintoliquoramnii,fetusundergoesputrefactioninsteadofmaceration.Bodyisgreenish,foulsmellingandbloated.4)Mummification:Itresultswhenthereisdeficientbloodsupply,scantyliquorandnoairentersuterus.Bodyisthin,shrivelleddarkbrownandemittingsmelllikerottencheese.
135.Accordingtojuvenilejusticeact,ageof juvenileis? a)<14years c)<18years d)<20years CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,<18yearsJuvenileJusticeAct2000Juvenilejustice(careandprotectionofchildrenAct,2000(nowAmendmentAct2006)covers:- i. Juvenilesinconflictchildwhoisallegedtohavecommittedan offence. ii. Childreninneedofcareandprotectionchildrenwhoare neglected,abused,orabandoned.Thisactdefinesajuvenile/childasapersonwhohasnotcompletedtheageof18years.
136.Followingisnottrueaboutadipocere formation? a)Itisamodificationofputrefaction b)Itisdevelopedinpresenceofair c)Itoccursindeadbodieslyinginwater d)Bodyhasanoffensivesweetsmell CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,ItisdevelopedinpresenceofairAdipocereformation(saponification).Adipocereisamodificationofputrefaction,whichoccursintheabsenceofair.Thatiswhenthereisexcessivemoisture(humidity)andwarnth(warmtemperature),butabsenceofairi.e.warmhumidclimate,normalputrefactiondoesnotoccur,rathersaponificationoccurs.Thusadipoceseformationoccursindeadbodieswhicharelyinginwater(immeredinwater)orburnedindamplaysoil.Saponification(adipocerformation)istheconversionofdeadbodyintosoft,fattywaxysubstanceduetoconversionofunsaturatedliquidfatstosaturatedsolidfatsundertheinfluenceofintrinsiclipaseandlecithinaseproducedbyCl.perfringens.Theprocessinvolvesgradualhydrolysisandhydrogenationofbodyfatsintohigherfattyacidswhichcombinewithcalciumandammoniumionstoforminsolublesoaps.Ultimately,palmitic,oleic,stearicandhydroxystearicacidsareformed,mixtureoftheseisknownasadipocere.Adipocereformationstartsinsubcutaneousfatandismarkedinareashavingexcessivefat,eg.cheeks,femalebreast,buttocksandabdomen.Slowlythewholebodyincludingmusclesandinternal
viscerachangeintoadipocere.Adipocerehasoffensiveorsweetishsmell,howeverinearlystages,smellisammonical.Bodyisconvertedintosoft,waxyandbrittlesubstance,itfloatsonwater,itcanbecuteasily,itdissolvesinalcoholandethers,anditmeltsonheating.Facialfeaturesandinjuriesonbodyarewellpreserved,thusidentficationofbodyanddeterminationcauseofdeath(incaseofinjury)arepossible.Normallyadipocereformationrequires3weekstoupto3to6months.Howevershortestrecordedperiodinindiais3days22hours.Inindia,ithasbeenobservedtobeginwithin4-5days.Adipoceremaypersistforyearsordecades.Adipoceredoesnotoccurinfoetuslessthan7month's.Medicolegalimportance:(i)Identificationofbody(facialfeaturesarepreserved),(ii)causeofdeath(injurymarksarepreserved),(iii)timesincedeathcanbeestimated.
137.Legalagebywhichfetusiscapableof independentexistenceis? a)240days b)230days c)220days d)210days CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,210daysViabilitymeansthephysicalabilityofafoetustoleadaseparateexistenceafterbirthapartfromitsmother,byvirtueofacertaindegreeofdevelopment.Achildisviableafter210days(7months)ofintrauterinelife,andinsomecasesafter180days(6months)butinmostofthesecasesfetusisimmature.Fulltermmatureinfantshow:-Length(crown-heellength)48-52cm,headcircumference30-35cm.Ossificationcenteratlowerendoffemur(appearsattheendof9monthsorjustbeforebirth)andOssificationcenterofcuboidanduppertibiamayalsopresent(Note:someossificationcentersarealsopresent,buttheyappearbeforetheattainmentofviabilitysotheirpresencedoesnothaveimportance.Theseare(i)Clavicle,mandible,ribsvertebraattheendof2ndmonth,(ii)Calcaneum(oscalcis)andmanubriumsterniattheendof5thmonthand(iii)Sternumattheendof6month).Othercenterwhichappearsatattainmentofviabilityisprimaryossificaioncenteroftaluswhichappearsattheendof7thmonth.
138.Trousseausignpositiveinwhich poisoning? a)Citricacid b)Oxalicacid c)Aceticacid d)Carbolicacid CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,OxalicacidTrousseou'ssignandchovstek'ssignareseeninhypocalcemia.Oxalicacidpoisoningcancausehypoclacemia.OxalicacidItisalsoknownassaltofsorreloracidofsugar.Itisusedtoerasewriting,asbleachingagentandincalicoprinting.Itoccursinleavesofrhubarb.Localeffects:Oxalicacidrarelydamagestheskinbutreadilycorrodethemucusmembraneofdigestivetract.Systemic:(i)Shock:Largedosescancausedeathfromshock;(ii)Hypocalcemia:Oxalicacidreadilycombineswithcalciumtocausehypocalcemia,whichmaypresentastingling,numbness,twitching,tetany,andconvulsions,(iii)Renaldamage:Itisduetooxaluriawhichmaycausetubularnecrosis.Antidote:Anycalciumpreparation(e.g.calciumgluconate/chloride,limewater,suspensionofchalk)whichconvertspoisonintoinsolublecalciumoxalateisanantidoteforoxalatepoisoning.
139.Tactilehallucinationseeninabusewith? a)Heroine b)Cocaine c)Cannabis d)Alcohol CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,CocaineMagnan'ssymptomsistactilehallucination(formication)i.e.feelingofbugscrawlingundertheskinisseenwithcocaineabuse/poisoning.CocaineCocaineisanalkaloidderivedfromtheCocabush,ErythrexylumCoCa.Itwasthefirstlocalanaestheticwhichwasusedclinically.Toxicityofcocainemaybe:?A)Acutetoxicity:-Acutecocaineintoxicationischaracterizedby:?1)Sympathetichyperactivity:-Tachycardia,hypertension,mydriasis,sweating,nausea&vomiting.2)Hypomanicstate:-Increasedpsychomotoractivity,grandiosity,elation,hypervigilance,Increasedspeechoutput.B)Chronicoveruse:-Chronicoverusecancause:?1)Psychoticepisodes(Cocainepsychosis):-Persecutorydelusionswithtactilehallucinations(formination).TactilehallucinationsaremanifestedasbugscrawlingundertheskinCocainebugsormagnan'ssymptoms.2)Other:-Anxietyreaction,compulsivebehavior,deliriumanddelusionaldisorders.3)BlackpigmentationoftongueandteethAcombinationofcocaineandherointakenbyinjectioniscalledspeedball.
speedball.
140.Countercoupinjuryseeninwhen? a)Movingheadissuddenlydecelerated b)Stationeryheadissuddenlyaccelerated c)Fallofheavyobjectonhead d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,MovingheadissuddenlydeceleratedCountrecoupinjuryiscausedwhenmovingheadissuddenlydeceleratedbyhittingafirmsurface.Itcaneitherbeasubduralorsubarachnoidhemorrhage.BraininjuriesCoupinjuryisdefinedastheinjuryofskulland/orbrainatthesiteofimpact,e.g.ablowonforehead,resultinginfractureoffrontalboneandinjuryorhaemorrhageinfrontallobe.Contrecoupinjuryisdefinedasaninjurytotheskullorbrain,onopposite(contralateral)sideoftheareaofimpact.Cerebralconcussion(stunning)occursduetoheadtraumaandischaracterizedbygrossphysiologicaldisturbanceofbrainwithoutanyanatomicaldamage.Thereissuddenlossofconsciousnesswithatendencytospontaneousrecovery.Theconditionismoreseverewhendamageiscausedtothemovinghead(deccelerationinjury)thanwhenitresultsfromblowstoskull.Recoveryfromconcussionisoftenfollowedbyretrogradeamnesia.
141.Mostcommonfingerprinttypeis? a)Loops b)Whorls c)Composite d)Arches CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,LoopsDactylography/DermatogIvphics/Caltonsystem/FingerprintsFingerprintsarepresentfrombirthbothonepidermisanddermis,remainconstantthroughoutlifeandcan'tbealteredwithoutdestroyingtrueskin.Fingerprintpatternisabsolutelyindividuali.e.notwohandsareentirelyalike,notevenidenticaltwins.That'swhy,itisbest(mostsensitiveandmostspecific)andmostreliablemethodofidentification(Quetelet'sruleofbiologicalvariation).DNAfingerprintingmaybesameinmonozygotictwins.Thepatternisneitherinheritednoridenticalinanytwopersons.Sothepaternitycannotbeprovedthroughfingerprintpatterns.However,paternitycanbeprovedbyDNAfingerprinting.Loops(67%mostcommon)>whorls(25%)>arches(7%)>composite(2%leastcommon)arefourmaintypesofpattern.Itisacceptedthatchancesof2fingerprintsmatching16ridgecharacteristicareinfinitelysmall(Parikh's).Inpractice8-16(Reddy)/16-20(Seth,Simpson)pointsoffinecomparisionareacceptedasproofofidentity.Locard'sporoscopymethodisstudyofmicroscopicpores,formedbymouthsofductsofsubepidermalsweatglandpresentonridgesof
fingers.Theseporesarepermanent,remainunchangedduringlifeandareveryusefulwhenonlyfragmentsoffingerprintsareavailable.Eachmilimetercontains9-18pores.CriminalsmayattempttomultilatefingerprintsbyapplyingCO2snow,corrosiveagents,burnsorerodingagainsthardsurface.Butthesemannersdonotdestroyfingerprintspermanentlyunlesstrueskiniscompletelydestroyed.
142.Backof10-14yearsoldcontributeshow muchpercentagetototalbodysurfacearea? a)13% b)15% c)16% d)19% CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,16%
143.Exceptiontotheruleofprofessional secrecyisallowedunderfollowingcircumstancesexcept? a)Courtoflaw b)Casesofsuspectedcrime c)Innegligentsuits d)Ininterestofrelatives CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,IninterestofrelativesProfessionalsecrecyisanimpliedethicalandlegalobligation(orcontract),thatthedoctorwillnotdivulgeanythinghecomestoknowconcerningpatientduringthecourseofhisprofessionalwork.Doctorisliabletodamagesforitsbreech.However,itisjustifiedincertaincircumstances,todiscloseinformationtoproperauthority,andthisisknownasprivilegedcommunication.Itisdefinedasacommunicationmadebydoctortoaproperauthoritythathascorrespondinglegal,social,andmoraldutiestoprotectthepublic.Privilegedcommunicationismadeincertaincircumstanceswherethedoctorisjustifiedindisclosinginformationabouthispatient.Suchcommunicationisregardedasprivilegedandisanexceptiontothegeneralruleofprofessionalsecrecybetweendoctorandpatient.Exampleare:?1)Incourtoflaw:Whenaskedbyjudge.2)Ascompulsorduty:Everydoctorhastogivedetailsofbirth,deathandcommunicabledisease.3)Asasocialduty:Ifhealthofapatientcancausedangertosociety,e.g.:-
i)Railwayenginedriverbeingcolourblind.ii)Busdriverbeingepileptic,drugaddictorhypertensive.iii)Pilothavingrefractiveerrors.iv)HotelwaitorsufferingfromTBorbeingtyphoidcarrier.v)SwimmingpoolusersufferingfromSTD(e.g.syphilis)orinfectiousdisease.vi)PersonsufferingfromSTDorHIVinfectionlikelytomarry.vii)Casesoffoodpoisoining.viii)Waterpollution.4)Incasesofsuspectedcrime.5)Inselfinterest,bothincivilandcriminalsuitsbypatient.6)Whenaservantissentbymaster.7)Innegligentsuitswhendoctorisemployedbyoppositepartytocross-examinepatientwhofiledthesuit.8)Ininsurancereports,hecanreportanydiseasefound.Butheshouldnotanswerqueriesofinsurancecompanyorsolicitorwithoutthepatientconsent.9)Intheinterestofpatient:Ifpatientisnottakingpropercare,detailscanbecommunicatedtotherelatives.
144.Pupildilatationisseeninpoisoningwith - a)Dhatura b)Ethylalcohol c)Briumcarbonate d)Alltheabove CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,AlltheabovePoisoningofthefollowingisassociatedwithdilatedpupilsAtropineTricyclicantidepressantsPhenothiazinesDhaturaEthylalcoholBariumcarbonate
145.Tattooinginolddecomposedbodycan bevisualizedbyuseofallexcept? a)H2O23% b)Gammarays c)Infraredphotography d)Examinationwithmagnifyingglass CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,GammaraysLatenttattoomarksarefadedmarksandtheycanbevisualizedbyUseofultravioletlightInfraredphotograpyRubbingthepartandexaminingundermagnifyingglassIftattoomarksareobscuredbydecompositiontheycanbevisualizedbytreatingwith3%H2O2.Tattomarkscanbedevelopedbytreatingtheskinby0.5%causticpotash.Histopathologyoflocallymphnodesforpigment.
146.Blackgunpowdercomposition? a)Charcoal60%+Potassiumnitrate20%+sulphur20% b)Charcoal25%+Potassiumnitrate70%+sulphur05% c)Charcoal15%+Potassiumnitrate75%+sulphur10% d)Charcoal65%+Potassiumnitrate20%+sulphur15% CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Charcoal15%+Potassiumnitrate75%+sulphur10%Theclassicalgunpowderisknownasblackpowder,consistsofcharcol(15%),Sulphur(10%),andpotassiumnitrate(75%).Dependingonfineness,theblackgunpowderisdesignatedasFG,FFG,FFFG.etc.(F=fineness).Pyrodexisanothergunpowderwithsamecomponents,butwithdifferentratios.Blackgunpowderproducessmoke,i.e.Itissmokeproducingpowder.Smokelesspowder,inadditiontoblackpowder,hasnitrocellulose(singlebase),ornitrocelluloseplusnitroglycerine(doublebase),ornitrocelluloseplusnitroglycerineplusnitroguanidine(triplebase).Semismokelesspowderhas80%blackpowderand20%smokelesspowder(nitrocellulose).
147.Bonepearlappearanceisseenin? a)Electricalburns b)Hydrocution c)Strangulation d)Throttling CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,ElectricalburnsElectricburnsElectricburnsareattimes,alsoreferredtoasjouleburns.Technically,jouleburnisanendogenousburn,i.e.burnsproducedduetoreleaseofheatfromthebody,onapplicationofelectriccurrent.Electricburnsmaybeoffollowingtypes:?1)Contactburns:Duetocontactwithlivewire.2)Sparkburns:Duetosparkingofcurrent,e.g.inlooseelectricalfitting.3)Flashburns:Causedonbeingnearthemainpowerline,withoutactualcontact.Burnsresultduetoarcingofcurrentfromtheselines.Characteristicfeaturesofelectricburnsare:?1)Theremaybeholesinclothesorshoes.2)Thereisawoundofentryandwoundofexitofelectriccurrent:- i. Entrywound:Itisnon-bleeding,thick,leathery,greyishwhite, depressed,hardandcauliflowerlike,knownascraterformation.Highvoltagecurrentmaycauseburnsoverlargeareasofskin,i.e.crocodileskinlesions.Theskinmaygetcolouredduetometallicpigment:green(inbrasselectrode),black(inironelectrode),blue(incopperelectrode)andgrey(inaluminiumelectrode). ii. Exitwound:Itislikealacerationandisbleeding. 3)Metalsfromelectrodemaymeltandassmallballs(currentpearls)maybecarriedtotissue.Calciumphosphateofbonesmayalsomelt
maybecarriedtotissue.Calciumphosphateofbonesmayalsomeltandisradiologicallyseenasbonepearls(waxdripping).4)MusclesshowZenker'sdegeneration.CausesofdeathCommonestcauseofdeathisventricularfibrillation.Othercausesincludeshock,cardiopulmonaryarrest,cerebralanoxia,paralysisofrespiratorymuscles,andmechanicalinjuriesduetofall.
148.Mummificationisenhancedby? a)Moistandhotair b)Moistandcoolair c)Dryandhotair d)Dryandcoolair CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,DryandhotairMummificationItisamodificationofputrefaction,whichoccursintheabsenceofmoisture.Thatiswhenthereisexcessairandwarmthbutnomoisture(humidity),i.e.hotdryandwindyclimate,mummificationtakesplaceinplaceofnormalputrefaction.Thusmummificationoccursindeserts,especiallyinsummerandalsoinbodiesburiedinshallowgraveinsandysoil.Mummificationischaracterizedbydessicationordryingofthedeadbody.Thereisdrying,dehydrationandshrivelingofdeadbody.Itproceedsfromexteriortointerior.Thereforefirsttobeinvolvedisskin,especiallyofexposedbodypartslikelips,nosetip,hands(fingers)andfeet(toes).Theskinisshrunken,contracted,dry,brittle,leathery,strechedacrossbonyprominencesandrustybrowntoblackincolor.Internalvisceraalsodryup,darkenincolorandblendwitheachothertoformasinglemass.Bodyemitssmelllikerottencheese.Facialfeaturesandinjuriesarewellpreserved,thusidentificationofbodyandcauseofdeathcanbedetermined(likeadipocereformation).Timerequiredformummificationvariesbetween3months-2years.Ifproperlypreserved,amummifiedbodycanremainforyears.Chronicarsenicorantimonypoisoningfavormummification.
Medicolegalimportance:(i)Identificationofbody(facialfeaturesarepreserved),(ii)causeofdeath(injurymarksarepreserved),(iii)timesincedeathcanbeestimated.
149.Hyoidbonefracturemostcommon occursin? a)Manualstrangulation b)Hanging c)Smothering d)Traumaticasphyxia CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,ManualstrangulationAsmanualstrangulation(throttling)isamongthemostviolentformofasphyxia,hyoidfractureandotherinjurytoneckstructuresismorecommon.
150.Takingoffonesclothesandrunning nakedinapublicraceiscalled? a)Mooning b)Exhibitionism c)Voyeurism d)Undinism CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,ExhibitionismExhibitionism(Sec294IPC):Itisawillfulandintentionalexposureofthegenitaliainapublicplacewhileinthepresenceofotherstoobtainsexualpleasure.Mayormaynotbeassociatedwithmasturbation(punishment=3months+fine).Voyeurism=Scoptophilia=Peepingtom:Sexualgratificationisobtainedbylookingatthesexualorgansofotherpersons,watchingtheactofsexualintercourse,orwitnessingundressingbyawoman.Frotteurism:Sexualsatisfactionisobtainedbyrubbingagainstpersonsinacrowd.Iftheyattemptintercourse,theyhaveprematureejaculationortheyareimpotent.Itisanuncommonperversionandrarelyoccursalone.Undinism:Inthis,sexualpleasureisoftenobtainedbywitnessingtheactofurinationbysomeoneofthesameoroppositesex.
151.Accordingtofederationdentallowerleft canineisdesignatedas? a)32 b)33 c)42 d)43 CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,33
152.Judgecanaskclarifyingquestionswhen ? a)Aftercrossexam b)Beforecrossexam c)Beforerecrossexam d)Atanytimehewishes CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,AtanytimehewishesThejudgemayaskanyquestion,inanyform,aboutanyfact,relevantorirrelevant,atanystageoftheexaminationtoclearupdoubts.RecordingofevidenceAfteroathadministration,theevidenceisrecordedunderfollowingsteps:- i. Examinationinchief(directexamination):Itistheexaminationof thewitnessbylawyerofthepartycallingthewitness.Ingovernmentprosecutions,itisdonebypublicprosecutor(PP)/districtgovernmentpleader(DGP).Theobjectiveistoelicitallrelevant,andconvincingfacts.Noleadingquestionsarepermitted.Leadingquestionmeansthequestion,whichleadsthewitnesstodesiredanswer.However,ifthewitnessisdeclaredhostile,leadingquestionscanbeasked. ii. Cross-examination:Examinationofthewitnessisconductedbythe lawyeroftheoppositeparty.Ingovernmentprosecutionsitisdonebydefencelawyer.Theobjectiveistoelicit,removeormodifyfactsandtotesttheaccuracyofstatementorwitness.Leadingquestionsareallowed. iii. Re-examination(Redirectexamination):Itisconductedlike
examinationinchiefandsobythelawyerofsameparty.Theobjectiveistoclearoutanydiscrepancies/doubt,thathavearisenduringcross-examination.Leadingquestionsarenotallowed.Thewitnessshouldnottellanynewthingatthisstage,otherwiseopposinglawyerispermittedforre-crossexamination. iv. Courtquestions:Atanystage,duringtherecordingofevidence,the judgemayaskquestionstoclearhisdoubts.
153.FataldoseofKCNis? a)50-60mg b)120-130mg c)180-190mg d)280-300mg CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,280-300mgFataldoseofhydrocyanicacidinthepureformis50-60mgwhileassodiumorpotassiumcyanideis200-300mg.
154.RuleofHaaseisusedtocalculate? a)Ageoffetus b)Lengthoffemur c)Diameterofskull d)Percentageofburns CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,AgeoffetusRuleofHaaseHess'srule(Haase'srule):Itisaroughmethodforcalculatingtheageoffetusbymeasuringthelengthfromcrowntoheel.Upto5thmonthofgestation,lengthoffoetusincmissquareofthemonthofgestationandbeyound5months,lengthincmis5timesthemonthofgestation.
155.Whichofthefollowingisnotasexual offenceinIndia- a)Incest b)Sodomy c)Indecentassault d)Bestiality CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,IncestIncestItmeanssexualintercoursebyamanwithawomanwhoiscloselyrelatedtohimbyblood(prohibiteddegreesofrelationship),e.g.adaughter,granddaughter,sister,stepsister,aunt,ormother.Thesecasesusuallyhavepsychologicalfeatures.InIndia,incestassuchisnotanoffence.
156.IPC319dealswith? a)Definitionofhurt b)Voluntarilycausinghurt c)Definitionofgrievoushurt d)Voluntarilycausinggrievoushurt CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Definitionofhurt
157.
Doctorwhodidsurgeryonwrongsideofthepateientispunishableundersection? a)S.304AIPC b)S.WC c)S.305AIPC d)S.305IPC CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,S.304AIPCSection304AIPCCausingdeathbynegligence:Whosoevercausesthedeathofanyperson,bydoinganyrashornegligentactnotamountingtoculpablehomicideshallbepunishedwithimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendto2yearsorwithfine,orwithboth.Doctordoingsurgeryonthewrongsideofthepatientisanexampleofgrossinattentionandrecklessnessshownbythedoctorandisthusanexampleofcriminalnegligence.CriminalnegligenceispunishableunderS.304AIPC.
158.Postmortembloodiscollectedfrom whichvessel? a)Femoralartery b)Femoralvein c)Cephalicvein d)Brachialartery CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,FemoralveinBeforeautopsy10-20mlofbloodiscollectedfromthefemoralveiningroin.Jugular/subclavianveincanalsobeused.
159.Whengroupofmusclesofdeadbody wereinstateofstrongcontrationimmediatelypriortodeathandremainsoevenafterdeath,thisistermedas? a)Gasstiffening b)Rigormortis c)Cadavericspasm d)Coldstiffening CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,CadavericspasmCadavericspasm(instantaneousrigor)isdefinedastheconditionwhereinagroupofmuscles,whichwereincontractionorspasmatthetimeofdeath,continuetobeinspasmevenafterdeath,withoutthestageofprimaryrelaxation.Itisaconditioninwhichthemusclesofthebodywhichwereinastateofcontractionimmediatelybeforedeath,continuetobesoafterdeathwithoutpassingthroughthestageofprimaryrelaxation.Cadavericspasm,beinganantemortemphenomenon,reflectsthelastactofthesubjectperformedbeforeandatthetimeofhisdeath.Thecauseandmannerofdeathmaybejudged.ItmaybeduetoexhaustedATPintheaffectedmuscleswiththepersistenceofcontractionevenafterdeathandtheresultingfailureofthechemicalprocessesrequiredforactivemuscularrelaxationtooccurduringmoleculardeath.Adrenocorticalexhaustion,whichimpairsresynthesisofATPmaybethepossiblecause
160.Mostcommonorganaffectedin underwaterblast? a)Intestine b)Liver c)Spleen d)Heart CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,IntestineThemostcommonorganaffectedinunderwaterblastinjuryisintestine.ExplosioninjuryAnexplosionisaphenomenonresultingfromsuddenreleaseofenergywhichisthendissipatedbyablastwave,bytranslocationofobjects,orbythegenerationofheat.Injuriesinexplosionoccurduetofourfactors:?1)BlastorshockwaveWhenanexplosionoccurs,theexplosivematerialproducesalargevolumeofgasandreleasesalargeamountofenergy.Itproducesa'shockwave'whichspreadconcentricallyfromthesiteofexplosion.Theinjuriesdependontheenviornmentinwhichblastoccurs:- i. Airblast(mostcommon):Explosionoccursinair.Thereis barotraumatoairfilledholloworgans.Tympanicmembrane(eardrum)ismostsensitiveandmostcommonlyinjured.Lungisthesecondorgantobeinjuredandisthemostcommonlyinjuredholloworganandmostcommoncauseoflifethreateninginjury.Otherpartsinjuredaremiddleear,cochlea,eyes,bowels,mesentery,omentumandbrain.Homogenoussolidorganslikeliverandmusclesareusuallynotaffected.
ii. Underwaterblast(explosionunderwater):Gastrointestinaltractis injuredmostcommonly.Lungsarealsoinjured. iii. Solidblast:Explosiveisdetonatedneararigid/solidstructureand waveofenergyspreadsthroughit.Ifpeopleareincontactwiththatrigidstructure,injuriestakeplace.Theinjuriesaremostlyskeletal;fractureoflegsandvertebralcolumnaremorecommon.GITdamageismorecommonthanlung.2)FlameorhotgasesBurnsorburningofbodymayoccur.3)Flyingmissiles(debris)Flyingpiecesofexplosivedebrismaybedriventhroughairagainsttheskincausingbruises,abrasions,lacerations,andraggedperforations.4)AnoxiaVariousgasesliberatedduringexplosionmaycauseanoxia,e.g.carbonmonoxide,nitrousoxide,nitricoxide,HCNandSO,.
161.Tortureinwhichlegsorthighsaretied withbambooandthetorturerpressesonthetwosidesoftheclamptocausepainiscalled? a)Falanga b)Telefono c)Mercelago d)Chepuwa CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,ChepuwaPhysicaltortureTortureisdefinedasdeliberate,systemicorwantoninflictionofphysicalormentalsufferingbyoneormorepersonsactingaloneorontheordersofanyauthority,toforceapersontoyieldinformation,tomakeaconfessionorforanyotherreason.Torturemaybephysicalorpsychological.Importantmethodsofphysicaltortureare:?1.Beating:Beatingmaybeoffollowingtypes? i. Falanga(Falolka/Baatinada):Beatingofsolesoffeetwithblunt object. ii. Telefono:Simultaneousbeatingofbothearswithpalms. iii. Quirofana:Beatingonabdomenwhileupperhalfofbodylying unsupportedontable.2.Electric:Electrictorturemaybe- i. Piacana:Placingelectricwiresinvagina,mouth,anusorover nipplesandtestis. ii. Blackslave:Heatedmetalskewerinsertedintoanus.
3.Nearsuffocation:Theseare- i. Drysubmarine:Plasticbagcoveringheadandface. ii. Wetsubmarine(Labaneva/Latina/Pileta):Forcedimmersionof victim'sheadinwater,oftencontaminatedwithurineorvomitorblood.4.Suspension:Suspensionmaybe- i. La-Bandera:Bywrist. ii. Mercelago:Byankles. 5.Forcedposture:Itmaybe? i. Planton:Prolongedstanding. ii. Cabellete(Sawhorse):Forcedstruddlingofabar. iii. Parrot'sperch(Jack/paudeGrava):Headdownbyahorizontalpole placedunderknees,withthewristsboundtotheankles. iv. Chepuwa:Tightclampingofthighsorlegswithbamboo,andthe torturermaypresstwosidesofclampswithhislegsormaystandontwosidesofclamps(practicedonBhutaneserefugeesinNepal).
162.Ageunderwhichchildisconsidered incapableofcommittinganoffenceis? a)3years b)7years c)14years d)18years CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,7years
163.Impotenceisnotafeatureof- a)Doublepenis b)Bilateralcastration c)Hypospadias d)Penileamputation CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Hypospadias"Congenitalproblemssuchashypospadiasarenotusuallyassociatedwitherectiledysfunction"--MichaelCFoster
164.Howmanycuspsarepresentinchewing surfaceofpremolars? a)2 b)3 c)4 d)5 CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,2PremolarsorbicuspidsTheyhavetwocuspsonthechewingsurfaceofteeth.Therootisusuallysinglebutmaybedouble.
165.Hungerpangsareseenhowlongafter starvation? a)6hours b)12hours c)24hours d)48hours CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,24hoursWhenhungercontractionsstarttooccurinthestomach,theyareinformallyreferredtoashungerpangs.Hungerpangsusuallydonotbeginuntil12to24hoursafterthelastingestionoffood.
166.Apersonisdeclareddeadifnotseenby relativesforhowmanyyears? a)3years b)7years c)10years d)12years CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,7yearsApersonislegallydeclareddeadifnotseenfor7yearsfromthedateofdeclaredmissing.TheIndianEvidenceAct,undersection108provides7yearsfromthedatewhenceapersonisdeclaredtobemissingandhiswhereaboutsarenotknownforpresumingapersontobedead(Deathinabsentia).
167.Whatisthesituationoftheknotof ligatureincasesoftypicalhanging? a)Infrontofchin b)Angleofmandible c)Occiput d)Mastoid CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,OcciputTypicalhanging:Theligaturerunsfromthemidlineabovethethyroidcartilage,symmetricallyupwardonbothsideofnecktotheoccipitalregion,thepointofsuspension(knotofligature)beingonocciput(atnapeofneck).Atypicalhanging:Anyvariationfromtypicalknotsite(i.e.otherthanocciput/napeofneck)iscalledatypicalhanging.Mostcommonsiteofknotisnearonesideofmastoidprocessorangleofmandible.
168.AgeoferuptionofPermanent1stmolor ? a)6years b)8years c)10years d)12years CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,6years
169.InIndiaexhumationisorderedby? a)Magistrate b)HealthSecretory c)HealthMinister d)AnylocalMLA CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,MagistrateExhumationExhumationislawfuldiggingoutofaburriedbodyfromthegraveforthepurposeofidentificationordeterminationofcauseofdeath.Onlyamagistrate(executivemagistrate)canorderforexhumation.Inindia,thereisnotimelimitforexhumation,i.e.canbedoneatanytimeafterdeath.ItisdoneundersupervisionofmedicalofficerandMagistrateinpresenceofapoliceofficerwhoprovideswitnessestoidentifygrave,coffinanddeadbody,wheneverpossible,Magistrateshouldinformtherelativesandallowthemnottoremainpresentatthetimeofenquiry.Thewholeprocedureshouldbeconductedandcompletedinnaturaldaylight.Therefore,itisusuallystartedearlyinmorning.
170.Bulletwhichisleftinsidethebodyfor longisreferredtoas? a)Souvenirbullet b)Tracerbullet c)Tumblingbullet d)Tandembullet CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,SouvenirbulletProjectileisanobjectpropelledbyforceofrapidlyburninggases.Inshotguntheseareleadshotsandpellets(recentlysteelisalsousedinsteadoflead)andinrifledweapons(pistal,rifle,revolver),thesearebullets.Tipofthebulletisknwonasnose.Varietiesofbulletsare:- i. Incendiary(igniting)bullet:Thetipofbulletcontainsselfigniting materiale.g.bariumnitrateandpowderedaluminiumandmagnesium(inthepast,phosphoruswasused),sothatitcatchesfireonhittingthetarget.Itisusedtocausefireinusuallyinflammabletargetslikefueltanks(ofaircraftsetc). ii. Explosivebullet:Thetipcontainsadetonatororleadazide,sothat thebulletexplodesonhittingthetarget. iii. Dum-dumbullet(expandingbullet):Itisajacketedbulletwithisnose tipchiseledorcutoff.Itisdesignedtoincreaseindiameterandexpanduponstrikingthetarget,thusproducinglargerdiameterwoundsoflimitedpenetration. iv. Tandembullet(Piggeytailbullet):Itiscalledone-behind-otherbullet becausetwobulletsareejectedoneaftertheother,whenfirstbulletfailedtoleavetheburrelandisejectedbysubsequentlyfiredbullet.Therefore,bothenterbodythroughsameenterancewound(some
times,theymayenterthroughdifferententries),butthewoundsofexitarealwaystwo. v. Tandem(Duplex)cartridgeisoneinwhichtwobulletsarepresentin samecartridge.Itisusedinmilitaryrifles. vi. Tracerbullet:Itleavesatraceinatmospherealongthepathsothat aperson(gunner)canobservethestrike.Burningofbariumnitrateproducesflameandpowderedmagnesiumalongwithstrontiumnitrateareaddedtogiveredcolortotheflame. vii. Tumblingbullet:Onethatrotatesinendonendduringitsmotion. viii. Yawningbullet:Onewhichtravelsinanirregularfashionand causesakeyholeenterywound.Yawmeansdeviationbetweenlongaxisofbulletandtheaxisofpathofbullet. ix. Souvenirbullet:Abulletleftinbodyforlongtimeandissurrounded byfibroustissue. x. Frangilebullet:Designedtofragmentuponimpact. xi. Mushroomingofbullet:Asoftnosebullet,anhittingthetargetmay getdeformedtoassumetheshapeofamushroom.
171.Nysten'srulepertainsto? a)Rigormortis b)Identification c)Bulletinjuries d)Putrefaction CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,RigormortisRigormortisItisdefinedascontraction,stiffening,shortenigandopacityofmusclesafterdeath.Itoccursaftermolecular(cellular)death.Intropicalcountries(e.g.india),itbegins1-2hoursafterdeath,takesfurther2hourstodevelop,andlastsfor18-36hoursinsummerand24-48hoursinwinter.Intemperatecountries,itbeginsin3-6hours,takesfurther2-3hourstodevelopandlastsfor2-3days.Allmusclesofbodyareinvolved,i.e.voluntaryorinvoluntary.However,itdoesnotstartinallmusclessimultaneously(nysten'srule).Involuntarymuscles(heart)areinvolvedfirstthanvoluntarymuscles.Sequenceofmusclesinvolvementisasfollows:Heart>uppereyelid>neck>jaw>face>chest>upperlimb>abdomen>lowerlimb>fingerandtoes.Itpassesoffinthesameorderinwhichithasappeared.
172.Pinpointpupilsareseeninallexcept? a)Pontinehemorrhage b)Organophosphoruspoisoning c)Opiumpoisoning d)Barbituratepoisoning CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,BarbituratepoisoningPinpointpupilcanbecausedby:Opioids(morphine),organophosphates,phenothiazines,clonidine,mushroompoisoning,chloralhydrate,carbolicacidandpontinehemorrhage.
173.Analcoituswithoppositesexis- a)Bestiality b)Sodomy c)SinofGomorrah d)Fellatio CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,SodomyAnalintercoursebetweentwomalesorbetweenamaleandfemaleiscalledsodomy.Itiscalledsodomyasitusedtobepracticedinatowncalledsodomy.
174.
Punishmentforperjuryiscoveredundersection- a)191IPC b)193IPC c)195IPC d)1971PC CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,193IPC
175.Extremehungerinstarvationlastsupto- a)6-12hours b)12-24hours c)24-36hours d)36-48hours CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,36-48hoursStarvationistheresultofactualdeprivationoffoodoradministrationofunsuitablefood.Starvationmaybe:? 1. Acute(complete):Suddenandcompletestopageoffood.2. Chronic(partial):Gradualdeficientsupplyoffood.3. Anacutestarvation,thereservecarbohydrates,thenfatandlastthe proteinsareusedup. 4. Feelingofhungerwithhungerpainlastsfor30-48hours.5. After4-5days,thereisemaciation,absorptionfatandlossofweight (7-8kgin10days).
176.Rigormortisinfetusatbirthcanbeseen in? a)Deadborn b)Stillborn c)Superfoetation d)Superfecundation CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,DeadbornSignsofdeadborn(intrauterinedeath:IUD)are(i)Rigormortisatbirth,(ii)Maceration,(iii)Putrefaction,and(iv)Mummification.
177.Featurewhichdifferentiatestruefrom artificialbruiseis? a)Roundshapewithirregularmargins b)Irregularshapewithregularmargins c)Swellingofsurroundingarea d)Erythemaofsurroundingarea CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,RoundshapewithirregularmarginsSuch"injury"isanartificial/falsebruisethatmaybeproducedbyapplyingthejuicesofvariousirritantvegetablepoisons.OtheragentsthatcanproduceartificialbruisemayincludemadarjuiceorPlumbagoroot.Thejuice,likevitriol,hasbeenthrownonthefacewithevilintention.Homicidalpoisoningbyinternaladministrationofthejuiceisveryrare.
178.Bulletentrywound,forbulletenteringat acuteangleisidentifiedbywhatshapeofabrasioncollar? a)Circular b)Rectangular c)Oval d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-CAns.is`c'i.e.,OvalIfbulletentersatacuteangletotheskinthentheabrasioncollarisovalandifthebulletentersatrightangletotheskintheabrasioncollariscircular.
179.Atriamortisothernamefor? a)Gatewaysofdeath b)Gatewaysoflife c)Gatewaysofair d)Gatewaysofwater CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Gatewaysofdeath
180.Bitteralmondodourispercievedin poisoningwith? a)Cobalt b)Arsenic c)Cyanide d)Lead CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Cyanide
181.Incisedwoundwhichisnotafeature? a)Lengthisthegreatestdimention b)Widthismorethanthethicknessoftheblade c)Marginsareinverted d)Hesitationcutsareseeninsuicidalattempt CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,MarginsareinvertedMarginsareeverted,clear,andcleancut.
182.Suspendedanimationisseenin followingexcept? a)Sunstroke b)Cerebralconcussion c)Cholera d)Deleriumtremens CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,DeliriumtremensSuspendedanimationmaybeseeninelectrocution,drowning,cholera,afteranesthesia,shock,sunstroke,cerebralconcussion,narcoticpoisoning,newborninfantsandyogis/voluntary.
183.Puppe'sruledealswith? a)Chemicalinjuries b)Multipleimpactinjuries c)Sexualassault d)Percentageofburns CorrectAnswer-BAns.is`b'i.e.,Multipleimpactinjuries
184.Barberio'stestuseswhichofthe following? a)Picricacid b)Aceticacid c)Hydrochloricacid d)Sulfuricacid CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Picricacid
185.Pugilisticattitudeischaracteristically seenin? a)Burns b)Drowning c)Electrocution d)Hanging CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Burns
186.Whichofthefollowingshouldnotbe donewhiledealingwithapatientofsnakebite? a)Tightbandapplied b)Reassuarance c)Localincision d)Cleanwithsoapandwater CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,LocalincisionTreatmentofsnakebiteReassuranceshouldbegiventopatient.Applicationofpressureoverbittenareawhichdelaysabsorptionofvenom.Tieabroadfirmbandage(tourniquet)proximaltothebittenareaandaroundthelimbwhichwouldoccludevenousandlymphaticdrainagebutnotarterialordeepvenousflow.Limbimmobilization.Localincisionandsuctionshouldnotbedoneasitcancauselocalinjuryandnervedamage.Cleanthewoundwithsoapandwateroriodineandcoverwithsteriledressing.Polyvalentsnakeantivenomisgiven.Howeveritisgivenonlyinfollowingsituations: i. Rapidlyprogressiveandseverelocalfindings. ii. Therearemanifestationsofsystemictoxicity.
187.
PunishmentforcriminalabortionforthewomenwhogivesconsentandtheperformerarecoveredunderIPCsection? a)312 b)313 c)314 d)315 CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,312Punishmentforperformingcriminalabortionwiththeconsentofwomen;bothforthewomenandperformerisincludedinIPCSection312.
188.Professionaldeathinmedicalprofession is? a)Deathofdoctor b)Deathsentenceorderedbyjudge c)Deathduringpolicefiring d)RemovalofnameofdoctorfrompanelofRMP CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,RemovalofnameofdoctorfrompanelofRMPMCImaintainsmedicalregister(Indianmedicalregister)ofmedicalpractitioners.Theregistrarshouldkeeptheregisteruptodateby:?A.Deletingnamesof(Erasureofname):(i)Thosedead,(ii)Thoseawardedpenalerasure(professionaldeathsentence)forprofessionalmisconduct,(iii)Enteriesmadeinerrororfraud.B.Addingnamesof:(1)Freshgraduates,(ii)Whosetermoftemporaryerasureexpires.
189.Intercourseincloselyrelatedindividual inrelation? a)Incest b)Adultery c)Bestiality d)Tribadism CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,IncestIncestItmeanssexualintercoursebyamanwithawomanwhoiscloselyrelatedtohimbyblood(prohibiteddegreesofrelationship).Exampledaughter,granddaughter,sister,stepsister,aunt,ormother.Thesecasesusuallyhavepsychologicalfeatures.InIndia,incestisnotanoffence.AdulteryAdulteryreferstovolutarysexualintercoursebetweenamarriedpersonandaperson(marriedornot),otherthanhis/herspouse.BestialityItisthesexualintercoursebyahumanbeingwithaloweranimal.Tribadism(Lesbianismorfemalehomosexuality)Sexualgratificationofawomenobtainedbyanotherwomanbykissing,bodycontact,manipulationofbreastandgenitalia.Activepartneriscalleddykeorbutchandthepassiveagentiscalledfemme.ThisisnotanoffenceinIndia.
190.Causeofdeathincafecoronary? a)Chocking b)Laryngealedema c)Cardiacarrest d)Pulmonaryedema CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,CardiacarrestBothasphyxiaandcardiacarrestarecausesofdeathincaf?coronary.Mostoftheguideshavegivenasphyxiaastheanswer.Butaccordingtomecardiacarrestisthebetterone.Readfollowingstatements:"Deathappearstobeduetosuddenheartattack."--Reddy"Thebolusoffoodobstructthelarynx,stimulatinglaryngealnerve,sostimulatingvagusnerveandthusresultinginsuddencardiopulmonaryarrestandtherebysuddendeath."--S.K.Singhal"Deathisduetoasphyxiaorreflexcardiacarrest."--Parikh"Deathoccursduetocardiacarrestfollowingparasympatheticstimulationthroughlaryngealnerveending."--R.N.Karmaker
191.Penaltyawardedaccordingtodowry prohibitionact? a)15000Rsand5years b)30000Rsand7years c)Lifeimprisonment d)Imprisonmentfor10years CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,15000Rsand5yearsAccordingtoDowryProhibitionact(1961),ifanypersongivesortakesorabetsthegivingortakingdowryispunishablewithimprisonmentforatermwhichshallnotbelessthan5yearsandwithafinewhichshallnotbelessthen15000rupeesortheamountofthevalueofsuchdowry,whicheverismore.Note-Accordingtosection304BIPCpunishmentfordowrydeathisimprisonmentforatleast10years,whichmaybeextendedtolifeimprisonment.
192.
Hurtisdefinedundersection? a)320IPC b)321IPC c)319IPC d)323IPC CorrectAnswer-CAns.is`c'i.e.,319IPC319IPC:Defineshurt.320IPC:Definesgrievoushurt.321IPC:Voluntarilycausinghurt.322IPC:Voluntarilycausinggrievoushurt.323IPC:Punishmentforvoluntarilycausinghurt(noprovocation,nodangerousweapon)(1yearsimprisonment).324IPC:Punishmentforvoluntarilycausinghurtbydangerousweapon(3yearsimprisonment?fine).325IPC:Punishmentforvoluntarilycausinggrievoushurt(noprovocation,nodangerousweapon)(7yearsimprisonment?fine).
193.ClassIjudicialmagistratehaspowerto givepunishmentof- a)5yr,Rs.3000 b)3yr,Rs.5000 c)5yrRs.5000 d)3yr,Rs3000 CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,3yr,Rs.5000oPowersofMagistrate(sec29CrPC) Class Imprisonment Fine Chief Any judicial Upto7years amount magistrateClass1 Rs judicial Upto3years 5000 magistrateClass2 Rs judicial Uptolyear 1000 magistrate
194.Shapeofstabwounddependson- a)Edgeofweapon b)Shapeofweapon c)Width d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,AlloftheaboveAstabwoundisaninjurycausedbyamoreorlesssharppointedweaponwhenitisdriveninthroughtheskinanditsdepthisthegreatestdimension.Thesizeandshapeofthestabwoundintheskinisdependentonthetypeofweapon,cuttingsurface,edgesharpness,widthandshapeofweapon,bodyregionstabbed,theangleofwithdrawal,thedirectionofthurst,themovementofbladeinbody,cleavagedirection,movementofpersonstabbedandtheconditionoftensionorrelaxationofskin.Withadouble-edgedweapontheshapeofthewoundwillbeellipticalorslitlikeandbothangleswillbesharporpointed.Withasingle-edgedweapon,theshapewillbetriangularorwedgeshapedandoneangleofthewoundwillbesharp,theotherrounded,blunt,orsquared-off.Bluntendontheskinmayhavesmallsplits,so-called"fish-tailing"ifthebackedgeofthebladeisheavy.Aspearoranotherroundobjectcausesacircularwound.
195.Fingerprintwasfirstestablishedin? a)England b)China c)India d)Singapore CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,IndiaFingerprintswerediscoveredbyanICSofficerSirWilliamHerschelle(1958).ButstudywassystemizedbySirFrancisGulton(1892)andwasfurtherimprovizedbySirEdwardHenery.Fingerprintsisthebestsystemofidentificationtilldateandteeth(dentalstatus)isconsideredthesecondbest.ThefirsteverfingerprintBureauoftheworldwasestablishedatCalcutta(inWriter'sbuilding)inIndia
196.Cafecornoraycommonlyoccurswhena personis- a)Intoxicated b)Eatingfattyfood c)Eatingmeat d)Eatingfish CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,IntoxicatedCafecoronary:Itreferstoaccidentalchockingbybolusoffoodobstructinglarynx.Deathismostlyduetoasphyxia,orduetoreflexcardiacarrestcausedbystimulationoflaryngealnerveendings.Itiscommonwhengagreflexissuppressed,e.g.intoxicatedindividualsandfollowinglargedoeseoftranquilizers.
197.Incestisdefinedassexualintercourse between? a)Manandanimals b)Manandcloselyrelatedwomen c)Manandwomenotherthanwife d)Manandman CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Manandcloselyrelatedwomen
198.Theidealplacetorecordbody temperatureindeadbodyis? a)Rectum b)Axilla c)Mouth d)Groin CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,RectumMostcommonsiteforrecordingtemperatureistherectum.Thermameterisinsertedinrectumaround8-10cmfor2minutes.Othersitesforrecordingtemperaturearenose,ear(externalauditorymeatus),vagina,andunderliver.
199.Underwhichsection,policecanarresta personandaskmedicalofficertoexaminehimwithoutvictimsconsent? a)Sec330IPC b)Sec53IPC c)Sec190IPC d)Sec304-AIPC CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Sec53IPC531PC:Anaccusedcanbeexaminedbyamedicalpractitioneratrequestofpolice,evenwithouthisconsentorbyforce.304-AIPC:Causingdeathbynegligence(criminalnegligence)whichalsoincludesmedicalnegligence(Punishableup2yearsorfineorboth).330.331,339,341IPCs:Torture.190IPC:Threatofrefrainingapersonfromapplyingprotectiontoapublicservant.
200.Firstsecondaryossificationcenter appearsin a)Lowerendoffemur b)Upperendofhumerus c)Lowerendoffibula d)Upperendoftibia CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Lowerendoffemur Sitegivenin Secondaryossificationquestion centerappearsat Lowerendof 9thmonthintrauterinelife femurUpperendof Atbirth tibiaUpperend 1/2-1yearofage humerusLowerendof 1yearofage fibula
201.Ruleof9inburnsisusedtodenote? a)Depthofbums b)%oftotalbodysurfacearea c)Severityofbums d)Typeofbums CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,%oftotalbodysurfacearea
202.Cheilographyisthestudyof? a)Fingerprints b)Lipprints c)Breathanalysis d)Footprints CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,LipprintsCheiloscopyorqueiloscopyisthestudyoflipprints.Podogramisthestudyoffootprintswhichareduetoridgeonthesoleandtoesofthefoot.Palatoprints(rugoscopy)isthestudyofanteriorpartofpalate.DactylographyDermatoglyphics/Galtonsystem-isthestudyofFingerprints.Fingerprintpatternisabsolutelyindividuali.e.notwohandsareentirelyalike,notevenidenticaltwins.That'swhy,itisbest(mostsensitiveandmostspecific)andmostreliablemethodofidentification(Quetelet'sruleofbiologicalvariation).
203.Inapatientofunilaterallossofvision, thepatienthadinjurytooppositeeyeleadingtocornealopacification.Thepatientwasoperatedbycornealgrafting,hecouldseeclearlyagainwithoneeye.Theinjuryissaidtobe a)Simple b)Grievous c)Dangerous d)Hazardous CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'b'i.e.,GrievousThispatienthadpermanentvisionlossasitwascorrectedbysurgery(cornealtransplant).Permanentlossofsightofeithereyeisgrievoushurt.Injuriescanbeclassifiedas1.Asimpleinjuryisonewhichisneitherextensivenorserious,andwhichwouldhealrapidlywithoutleavinganypermanentdeformityordisfiguration.2.Agrievousinjuryisone(i)Whichisextensiveorserious(ii)Whichdoesnothealrapidly,and(iii)Whichleavesapermanentdeformityordisfiguration.Section320IPCdefinesfollowinginjuriesasgrievous. 1. Emasculation(cuttingofthepenis,castration;orcausinglossof poweroferectionduetospinalinjury). 2. Permanentprivationofthesightofeithereye.
3. Permanentprivationofthehearingofeitherear.4. Privationofanymember(part,organ,limb)orjoint.5. Destructionorpermanentimpairingofpowersofanymemberor joint. 6. Permanentdisfigurationofheadorface.7. Fractureordislocationofaboneoratooth.8. Anyhurtwhichendangerouslifeorwhichcausesthesufferertobe, duringthespaceoftwentydaysinseverebodilypain,orunabletofollowhisdailyroutine.Section319IPCdefineshurtasbodilypain,disease,orinfirmity,causedtoanyperson.Grievoushurtisacognisableoffenceforwhichapoliceofficercanarrestapersonwithoutawarrantfrommagistrate.3.Dangerousinjuryisavarietyofgrievousinjury.Itisaninjurywhichposesanimmediatedangertolifeandisfatalinabsenceofsurgicalaid,e.g.gunshotwounds,compoundskullfracture,traumatolargebloodvesselorruptureofinternalorganlikespleen.
204.Telefonomeans? a)Beatingonsoles b)Beatingonpalms c)Beatingonears d)Pullingofhair CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,BeatingonearsTelefono:Simultaneousbeatingofbothearswiththepalmofhands.Thismayleadtoruptureoftympanicmembrane,causingpain,bleedingandhearingloss.Itisdifficulttodetectthis.Theexternalearmayalsogettornduringpullingoftheears.Falanga:beatingofsoleswithbluntobject.Itisthemostcommontypeoftorture.Itcancauseimmediate&longtermconsequences,evendisability
205.Virchowmethodoforganremovalis? a)Organsremovedenmasse b)Organsremovedonebyone c)Insitudissection d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,OrgansremovedonebyoneMethodsofremovaloforgansVirchow'stechnique-organsareremovedonebyone.Cranialcavityisexposedfirst,followedbythoracic,cervical&abdominalorgans.Rokitansky'stechnique-Itinvolvesinsitudissectioninpart,combinedwithenblockremoval.Lettulle'stechnique-Cervical,thoracic,abdominal&pelvicorgansareremovedenmasse&dissectedasorganblock.
206.Primaryinjuryis? a)Duetoflyingdebrisb b)Duetoblastwind c)Duetoshockwave d)Duetocomplication CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,DuetoshockwaveTypesofblastinjuriesTheseareoffollowingtypes:? 1. Primary:Itisduetoshockwavewhichcausesinjurytohollow organs.e.g.ears,lungs,eyes,GITetc. 2. Secondary:Theseareduetoflyingdebris(missiles).Classical Marshallstriadi.e.bruises,abrasionsandpuncturelacerationisdiagnosticofexplosiveinjury. 3. Tertiary:Itisduetoblastwind,i.e.victmisthrownintoairand strikesotherobjectsleadingtofracture,blunttraumaetc. 4. Quaternary:Anycomplicatingfactor(notinfirstthreecategories) causesquaternaryinjury,e.g.anoxia,respiratoryproblemsetc
207.Accordingtowhichsection,aperson canbepunishedformurderwithimprisonmentfor10years a)Sec301IPC b)Sec300IPC c)Sec302IPC d)Sec304IPC CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Sec302302IPC:Punishmentformurder(deathorlifeimprisonment).301IPC:Culpablehomicidebycausingdeathofpersonotherthanpersonwhosedeathwasintended.300IPC:Murder(definingmurder).303IPC:Punishmentofmurderoflifeconvict(death).304IPC:Punishmentofculpablehomicide,notamountingtomurder(10yearsimprisonmentffine).305IPC:Abetmentofsuicideofchildorinsaneperson.306IPC:Abetmentofsuicide.307IPC:Attempttomurder(10yearsimprisonmentffine).308IPC:Attempttocommitculpablehomicide(3-7yearsimprisonment?fine).309IPC:Attempttocommitsuicide(1yearsimprisonment?fine).
208.Doctrineofresipsaloquiturmeans? a)Commonknowledge b)Medicalmaloccurance c)Factspeaksforitself d)Oralevidence CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,FactspeaksforitselfDoctrineofresipsaloquiturItmeans"thethingorfactspeaksforitself".Inacaseofprofessionalnegligenceofaphysician,thepatientneednotprovenegligence.Itisappliedwhenfollowingconditionsarefulfilled: 1. Thatintheabsenceofnegligencetheinjurywouldnothave occurredordinarily. 2. Thatthedoctorhadexclusivecontrolovertheinjuryproducing instrumentortreatment. 3. Thatthepatientwasnotguiltyofcontributorynegligence.
209.Numberofteethcanbecountedbyall thefollowingmethodsexcept- a)Gustafsonmethod b)Milemethod c)Boydemethod d)Framemethod CorrectAnswer-DAns.is`d'i.e.,FramemethodAgefromteethafter20yearsTeetheruptionisusefulforageestimationuptoabout18years,beyondwhichitisjustaguesswork.Themethodsusedare:?A.Gustafson'smethod:Usefulonlyinpersonsolderthan21yearsofage,dependingonthephysiologicalchangesineachofthedentaltissues.1.Attrition-duetowearandtearfrommastication,uppersurfaceofteethdestroyedgradually,firstinvolvingtheenamel-dentine-pulp(dependingonthefunctionaluseofteethandhardnessofenamel).2.Paradentosis-recessionofgumsandperiodontaltissuesurroundingtheteeth,exposingtheneckandadjacentpartofroot-teethfalloff(poorhygieneincreasesparadentosis).3.Secondarydentineformation-developwithinthepulpcavityanddecreasesizeofthecavity,startfrombase-apex,obliteratethecavity,increasewithage,cariesandparadentosis.4.Cementumapposition-neartheendofroot,increasecementum,increasethickness,depositedthroughoutlife,andformincrementallines(devisedbyBoyde).5.Rootresorption-becauseofcementumanddentine,absorptionofrootstartatapexandextendupward(maybepathological).
6.Transparencyoftheroot-seenafter30yearsofage,canalinthedentineatfirstwiden,increasewithagebecauseofdepositionofminerals.Theybecomeinvisibleanddentinebecomestransparent(Mostreliableofallthecriteria).B.Mile'smethod:Agecanbeknownbychangesofroottransparency.C.Boyde'method:Onenamelofthetooth,thereisalineatbirth(neonatalline).Withincreaseinage,morelinesareadded,studyofwhichhelpsinagedetermination.D.Stack'smethod:Ageofinfantcanbeknownfromheightandweightoferuptingteeth.
210.Termcafecoronarywascoinedby? a)RogerHaugen b)J.Morton c)NeilMarkson d)M.Hoppefield CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,RogerHaugenApopularterm'cafecoronary'wascoinedbyDr.RogerHaugen,MedicalExaminerofBrowardCounty,Floridaforsuchimpactionoffoodintherespiratorypassage".--KrishanVij
211.Mostcommonorganinvolvedinairblast injuryis? a)Eardrum b)Stomach c)Eye d)Lung CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,EardrumBlastorshockwaveWhenanexplosionoccurs,theexplosivematerialproducesalargevolumeofgasandreleasesalargeamountofenergy.Itproducesa'shockwave'whichspreadconcentricallyfromthesiteofexplosion.Theinjuriesdependontheenvironmentinwhichblastoccurs:- 1. Airblast(mostcommon):Explosionoccursinair.Thereis barotraumatoairfilledholloworgans.Tympanicmembrane(eardrum)ismostsensitiveandmostcommonlyinjured.Lungisthesecondorgantobeinjuredandisthemostcommonlyinjuredholloworganandmostcommoncauseoflifethreateninginjury.Otherpartsinjuredaremiddleear,cochlea,eyes,bowels,mesentery,omentumandbrain.Homogenoussolidorganslikeliverandmusclesareusuallynotaffected. 2. Underwaterblast(explosionunderwater):Gastrointestinaltractis injuredmostcommonly.Lungsarealsoinjured. 3. Solidblast:Explosiveisdetonatedneararigid/solidstructureand waveofenergyspreadsthroughit.Ifpeopleareincontactwiththatrigidstructure,injuriestakeplace.Theinjuriesaremostlyskeletal;fractureoflegsandvertebralcolumnaremorecommon.GITdamageismorecommonthanlung
212.Theoutercoveringofdiatomismadeof ? a)Magnesium b)Silica c)Hydrocarbons d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,SiliconTheextracellularcoatofdiatomshassilica.Diatomsareunicellularalgae,suspendedinwater.Theyhavesilicaceouscellwall(i.e.cellwallcontainssilica)whichresistaciddigestionandputrefaction.Onlylivebodywithacirculationcantransportdiatomsformlungtobrain,bonemarrow,musclesetc.So,presenceofdiatomsinbrainandbonemarrowindicatesdeathduetodrowning.Fordetectionofdiatoms,bonemarrowoflongbones,e.g.femur,tibia,humerusorsternumishighlysuitableandreliable.Asdiatomsresistaciddigestion,toextractthemaciddigestiontechiniqueisused.Diatomstestisnegativeindeadbodiesthrowninwaterandindrydrowning.However,diatomstestisinvalid,ifdeceasedhaddrunkthiswaterbeforesubmersionorspeciesofdiatomsdonotmatchwithspecimenfromthesiteofdrowning
213.Reliablemethodofidentificationof personis? a)Gustafson'smethod b)Galtonmethod c)Scar d)Anthropometry CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,GaltonmethodGaltonmethodorFingerprintsordactylographyisthebestsystemofidentificationtilldate.Thefingerprintsarecapableofendlessvariationsothatthereisonechanceinsixtyfourbillionsoftwopersonshavingidenticalprints.Dactylography/Dermatoglvphics/Galtonsystem/FingerprintsFingerprintsarepresentfrombirthbothonepidermisanddermis,remainconstantthroughoutlifeandcan'tbealteredwithoutdestroyingtrueskin.Fingerprintpatternisabsolutelyindividuali.e.notwohandsareentirelyalike,notevenidenticaltwins.That'swhy,itisbest(mostsensitiveandmostspecific)andmostreliablemethodofidentification(Quetelet'sruleofbiologicalvariation).DNAfingerprintingmaybesameinmonozygotictwins.Thepatternisneitherinheritednoridenticalinanytwopersons.Sothepaternitycannotbeprovedthroughfingerprintpatterns.However,paternitycanbeprovedbyDNAfingerprinting.Loops(67%mostcommon)>whorls(25%)>arches(7%)>composite(2%leastcommon)arefourmaintypesofpattern.Itisacceptedthatchancesof2fingerprintsmatching16ridgecharacteristicareinfinitelysmall(Parikh's).Inpractice8-16(Reddy)
/16-20(Seth,Simpson)pointsoffinecomparisionareacceptedasproofofidentity.Locard'sporoscopymethodisstudyofmicroscopicpores,formedbymouthsofductsofsubepidermalsweatglandpresentonridgesoffingers.Theseporesarepermanent,remainunchangedduringlifeandareveryusefulwhenonlyfragmentsoffingerprintsareavailable.Eachmilimetercontains9-18pores.CriminalsmayattempttomultilatefingerprintsbyapplyingCO2snow,corrosiveagents,burnsorerodingagainsthardsurface.Butthesemannersdonotdestroyfingerprintspermanentlyunlesstrueskiniscompletelydestroyed.
214.Quantumofpunishmentindowrydeath is? a)7years b)5years c)Death d)10years CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,10years304-BIPC:Dowrydeath:10yearsofimprisonmentwhichcanextendtolife.498-AIPC:Punishmentforcrueltybyhusbandorhisrelatives.DowrydeathInsomecasesnewlymarriedgirlsareabused,harassed,cruellytreatedandtorturedbythehusband,in-lawsandtheirrelativesfororinconnectionwithanydemandfordowry.Inextremecases,thewomaniskilledbyburningorsomeothermethod.Lawinrelationtodowrydeathare:Lowprescribingpunishmentanddefinition(section304BIPC)Husbandor(hisany)relativewillbetriedundersection304B,IPCandshallhedeemedtohavecausedherdeath,ifawomandiesduetobodilyinjuryorburnsorotherwiseinsuspiciouscircumstanceswithin7yearsofmarriageanditisshownthatsoonbeforeherdeathshewassubjectedtoharassmentorcrueltybythem,inconnectionwith,anydemandfordowry.Suchdeathshallbecalleddowrydeath.Punishmentincludesimprisonmentofnotlessthan10years,butwhichmayextendtolifeimprisonment'.Lowprescribingpunishmentforcausingcrueltytoamarriedwomen(Sec.498A,IPC)Husbandor(hisany)relativewillbetriedundersection498A,IPC
Husbandor(hisany)relativewillbetriedundersection498A,IPCforcausingcrueltytoamarriedwoman.Crueltyisdefinedasanywillfulconductwhichdrivesthewomantocommitsuicideorgravephysicalormentalinjurytoherorharassmentofthewomenwithaviewtocoerce(intimidate)herfordowry.Punishmentincludesimprisonmentwhichmayextendupto3yearsandfine.
215.Cephalicindexisusedfor a)Race b)Age c)Sex d)Stature CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,RaceCephalicindex,heightindex&nasalindexareusedfordeterminationofrace.Cephalicindex=maximumbreadthofskull/maximumlengthofskullx100 Cephalic Typeofskull Race index Dolichocephalic(long PureAryan, 70-75 headed) Aborigines,Negroes Mesaticephalic Europeansand 75-80 (mediumheaded) Chinese Brachycephalic(short 80-85 Mongolian headed)
216.Activeingredientofmarkingnutis? a)Semecarpol b)Crotin c)Abrin d)None CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,SemecarpolSemicarpusanacardiumormarkingnutorbhilawanItsseedareheartshaped,conicalandblackwithacridoilyjuicewhichisbrownishbutturnsblackonexposuretoair.Activeprinciplesaresemecarpolandbhilawanol.Juiceappliedtoskinproducesirritation,painfulblistersfollowedbyitchingandeczema.Thereforeitisusedtoproduceartificialbruises.Itisalsousedbywashermantomarkclothes.
217.Muggingiscompressionofneckby? a)Woodensticks b)Rope c)Forearm d)Hand CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,ForearmMugging(chokehold):Itiscompressionofneckbyforearmorinthebendofelbow.Bansdola:Compressionofneckwithoneortwowoodensticksorbamboo.Garrotting:Itiscompressionofneckbyaropethrownfrombehind.Spanishwindlassisatypeofgarrotting,whichusedtobetheofficialmodeofexecutioninspain.Inthis,anironcolloraroundtheneckwastightenedbyascrewforstrangulation.Throttling(manualstrangulation):Neckiscompressedbyoneorbothhands.
218.TimelimitofexhumationinIndiais- a)Onemonth b)Oneyear c)Tenyears d)Nolimit CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,NolimitExumationItislawfuldiggingoutofaburiedbodyfromthegraveforthepurposeofidentificationordeterminationofcauseofdeath.Onlyamagistrate(executivemagistrate)canorderforexhumation.Inindia,thereisnotimelimitforexhumation,i.e.canbedoneatanytimeafterdeath.ItisdoneundersupervisionofmedicalofficerandMagistrateinpresenceofapoliceofficerwhoprovideswitnessestoidentifygrave,coffinanddeadbody,wheneverpossible,Magistrateshouldinformtherelativesandallowthemnottoremainpresentatthetimeofenquiry.Thewholeprocedureshouldbeconductedandcompletedinnaturaldaylight.Therefore,itisusuallystartedearlyinmorning.
219.Blackfootdiseaseiscausedby a)Arsenic b)Cadmium c)Lead d)Mercury CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,ArsenicChronicarsenicexposurecancause'blackfootdisease'asevereformofperipheralvasculardisease,causinggangreneoflowerlimbs.Arsenicpoisoningmaybeacuteorchronic.AcutearsenicpoisoningItcanpresentinanyofthetwoways: 1. Gastrointestinaltype:Itisthecommonformandresembles bacterialgastroenteritis(e.g.cholera).Thereisgarlicadourwithhemorrhagicgastroenteritisandnecrosisofintestinalmucosa.Thereistenesmusandanalirritation.Dehydrationmaycauseacutecirculatorycollapse,withhypotension,oliguriaandacutetubularnecrosis(ATN). 2. Fulminantnarcoticform:Largedoseofarsenicisrapidlyabsorbed withoutproducingGIsymptoms.Thesearegiddiness,headache,myalgia,formication,vertigoanddeathin2-3hours.Postmortemappearanceinclude: 1. Redvelvetymucosaofstomachandsubmucouspetechial haemorrhage. 2. Subendocardialpetechialhaemorrhage.3. Fattydegenerationofliver,kidneyandheart. Chronicarsenicpoisoning
Chronicarsenicpoisoninghasfourstages: 1. Firststage(nutritionalandgastrointestinaldisturbances):The earliestsignisgradualemaciation.Thereislossofappetite,nauseaandintermittentvomitinganddiarrhea. 2. Secondstage(catarrhalchanges):Itresemblescommoncold,i.e. conjunctivitis,runningnoseandeyes,coughingetc. 3. Thirdstage(skinrash):Thereisclassical'raindroppigmentation', i.e.patchybrownpigmentationofskin.Atinitialstages,thereisavesiculareruptionwhichmayresemblenettlerash.Hyperkeratosisofpalmsandsolesoccur.Therearewhitetransversebandscrossingthenails,knownasMee'sline,andindicateperiodsofarrestedgrowthduetointerferencewithnormalmetabolism.Thereisalopeciaandexfoliativedermatitis. 4. Fourthstage(nervousdisturbances):Thereissensoryandmotor (i.e.mixed)polyneuropathy,withpainfulparesthesiaofhandsandfeetandmuscletenderness.Theremaybeevidenceofliver(fattyliver)andkidneydamageandbonemarrowsuppression(causinganemiaandothercytopenias).Heartmayalsobeinvolved.Chronicarsenicexposurecanalsocause'blackfootdisease'asevereformofperipheralvasculardisease,causinggangreneoflowerlimbs.Arseniciscarcinogenic,cancausecancersofskin(squamouscellcarcinomaandbasalcellcarcinoma),lung,liver,bladder,kidney,larynxandlymphoidsystem(leukemia).
220.Allaresignsofsomaticdeathexcept? a)Cessationofrespiration b)Cessationofheart c)Non-respondingmuscles d)Noresponsetoexternalstimuli CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Non-respondingmusclesDeathdenotesdeathofhumanbeing(46IPC).Itisdefinedascessationoflifeorcesationtoexist.Deathisoftwotypes(1)somaticdeath(systemicdeathorclinicaldeath)and(2)moleculardeath(cellulardeath).Somaticdeath(systemicdeathorclinicaldeath)Itisthecompleteandirreversiblestoppageofthecirculation,respirationandbrainfunctions(bishop'stripodoflife).Somaticdeathisassociatedwithimmediatesignsofdeath:? 1. Permanentandcompletecessationoffunctionofbrainandflat electricEEGwithnoresponsetoexternalstimuli;i.e.braindeath. 2. Permanentandcompletecessationoffunctionofheartandflat ECG. 3. Permanentandcompletecessationoffunctionoflungs. Somaticdeathisduetostoppedaerobicprocesses.However,anaerobicenzymaticprocessesarestillcontinuing,hence(i)musclesstillrespondtomechanical,electricalandthermalstimuli,(ii)pupilsstillrespondtomioticsandmydriatics.Moleculardeath(cellulardeath)Itoccursaftersomaticdeath.Itreferstodeathofallindividualcells.Itoccurswhenevenanaerobicprocessesstop,duetononavailabilityofATP.Atthisstage:
1. Musclesdonotrespondtostimuli.2. Pupilsdonotrespondtostimuliordrugs.3. Thereareearlysignsandlatesignsofdeath: Earlysigns:Changesinskinandeye,coolingofthebody,post-mortemlividity,changesinmuscles(e.g.primaryrelaxation,rigormortis).Latesigns:Decomposition(putrefaction),adipocerefromationandmummification.4.Moleculardeathofvariousorgansoccuratdifferentintervalsaftersomaticdeath: 1. Nervoustissue-->After5minutes.2. Liver--->After15minutes.3. Heart-->After45minutes.4. Kidney-->After1hours.5. Muscles-->After3hours.6. Cornea-->After6hours.7. BloodAfter6hours.
221.WhatdoesGettlerstestdetects? a)Diatomsindrowning b)Chloridecontentofbloodindrowning c)Weightindrowning d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,ChloridecontentofbloodindrowningGettlertestestimateschloridecontentofbloodfrombothsidesofheart.Itisdonefordrowning.Normallythechloridecontentisequalintherightandleftchambersoftheheart(600mg/100m1).Infreshwaterdrowningduetohemodilutionthechloridecontentisdecreasedandinsaltwaterdrowningduetohemoconcentrationthechloridecontentisincreasedinleftsideofheart.A25%differenceinchlorideissignificantbutthetestisofdoubtfulvalue.
222.Methodofautopsyinwhichvarious systemsorgansareremovedenmasse? a)Rokitansky b)Virchow c)Gasses d)Lettulle CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,LettulleMethodsofremovaloforgansVirchow'stechnique-organsareremovedonebyone.Cranialcavityisexposedfirst,followedbythoracic,cervical&abdominalorgans.Rokitansky'stechnique-Itinvolvesinsitudissectioninpart,combinedwithenblockremoval.Lettulle'stechnique-Cervical,thoracic,abdominal&pelvicorgansareremovedenmasse&dissectedasorganblock.
223.Inblastinjury,whatistheorgantobe damagedfirst- a)Tympanicmembrane b)Git c)Liver d)Lung CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.Tympanicmembrane
224.Immersionsyndromeisalsocalledas? a)Hydrocution b)Wetdrowning c)Drydrowning d)Secondarydrowning CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,HydrocutionImmersionsyndrome-isalsocalledashydrocutionorsubmersioninhibitionorvagalinhibition.AtypicaldrowningItreferstodrowninginwhichevenaftersubmersionofbodyinwater,littleornowaterantersrespiratorypassagesandlungs.Hencetypicalfindingsofwetdrowningintheformoffrothandoedemaaquosun:oflungsarenotfound.Atypicaldrowningmaybe: 1. Drydrowning:Oncontactwithwater,especiallycoldwater,there resultsintenselaryngospasm,sothatwaterdoesnotenterthelungs.Deathisduetoasphyxiabecauseoflaryngospasm. 2. Immersionsyndrome(hydrocution/submersioninhibition/vagal inhibition):Suddendeathoccursduetovagalinhibitionasaresultof(a)suddenimpactwithcoldwater,(b)duckdiving(fallinginwaterwithfeetfirst),and(c)horizontalentryinwaterwithimpactonepigastrium. 3. Submersionofunconscious:Ifpersonisunconscioussincebefore submersioninwater,littleornowaterentersrespiratorypassages.ItmayoccurinMI,cerebrovascularaccident,hypertension,epilepsy,cerebralaneurysmandindrunkstate. 4. Neardrowning(secondarydrowningsyndrome/postimmersion
syndrome):Inthisdrowningissurvivedanddeathoccursatalaterstageafterremovalfromwater.Eitherthepersonhimselfcomesoutofwaterorheisrecoveredalive,butduetocomplicationsofsubmersion,hediesatalaterstage.Itisduetohypoxicencephalopathyandfibrosingalveolitis.Thedeathoccursduetocombinedeffectofcerebralhypoxia,pulmonaryedema,aspirationpneumonitis,electrolytedisturbancesandmetabolicacidosis.
225.Blanketconsentisconsenttaken- a)Whenthepatientcomestodoctorfortreatment b)Oralconsent c)Writtenconsent d)Takenatthetimeofadmissiontodoanysurgery CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'i.e.,TakenatthetimeofadmissiontodoanysurgeryBlanketconsent:Itreferstoconsentwhichistakenusuallyonaprintedform,atthetimeofadmissionofthepatient,authorizingthedoctortodoanysurgeryunderanyanaesthesia.Legally,itisnoconsent,i.e.itisofnovalueincourt.Tobelegallyvalid,theconsentistobeobtainedforeachspecificprocedureandoperation.Impliedconsent:Inthis,consentpresumedtobethere.Theveryfactthatthepatienthascometothedoctorfortreatment,itispresumedthathisconsentisthereforroutinephysicalexamination.e.g.inspection,palpation,auscultationandpercussion.Impliedconsentisanon-writtenbutlegallyeffectiveformofconsent,whichisnotexpresslyasserted.Expressedconsent:Itisstated(oralorwritten)inclearandexplicitlanguage.Oralconsent,giveninpresenceoftwoormorewitnessesisasvalidaswrittenconsent,butthereisnorecord.Writtenconsentisbetterasthereisarecordofconsentavailable,incasesofdispute.Writteninformedconsent:Itisatypeofexpressedconsentinwrittenformwhichisgivenbythepatientafterbeinginformedofnatureofillnessornatureofprocedureoroperationtobedone,itsalternatives,itsconsequencesandcomplications.
226.Testamentarycapacityis? a)Abilitytogivewillfulstatement b)Abilitytomakewill c)Abilitytojudge d)None CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'b'i.e.,AbilitytomakewillTestamentarycapacity(testament=will)isthementalabilitytomakeavalidwill.Willdenotesanytestamentarydocument.Therequirementforavalidwillareasfollows.Awrittenandproperlysignedandwitnesseddocumentmustexist.Thetestatormustbeamajorandofsounddisposingmindatthetimeofmakingthewill.Forceundueinfluenceordishonestrepresentationoffacts,shouldnothavebeenappliedbyothers.
227.Idealtimetostartexhumation? a)Midnight b)Lateevening c)Afternooninproperlight d)Earlymorning CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,EarlymorningExumationExumationislawfuldiggingoutofaburriedbodyfromthegraveforthepurposeofidentificationordeterminationofcauseofdeath.Onlyamagistrate(executivemagistrate)canorderforexhumation.Inindia,thereisnotimelimitforexhumation,i.e.canbedoneatanytimeafterdeath.ItisdoneundersupervisionofmedicalofficerandMagistrateinpresenceofapoliceofficerwhoprovideswitnessestoidentifygrave,coffinanddeadbody,wheneverpossible,Magistrateshouldinformtherelativesandallowthemnottoremainpresentatthetimeofenquiry.Thewholeprocedureshouldbeconductedandcompletedinnaturaldaylight.Therefore,itisusuallystartedearlyinmorning.
228.Allaretrueaboutantemortemcontusion except? a)Sequentialcolorchange b)Noinflammation c)Raizedenzymelevels d)BloodcellsinsurroundingtissueAccidendal CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Noinflammation
229.chockingofrespiratorypassageby bolusoffood? a)Gaging b)Overlying c)Cafecoronary d)Burking CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Cafecoronary
230.Latte'scrustofbloodstainisusedto detect? a)Natureofstain b)Detectionspecies c)Bloodgroup d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,BloodgroupBloodandbloodstainsTheexaminationofbloodandbloodstainsisanimportantpartofcrimedetection.Thepointsthatareusuallyrequiredtobedeterminedregardingstainsare:(1)natureofstain(whetherthestainsisbloodornot);(2)thespecies(humanoranimal)fromwhichthebloodhascomefrom;and(3)bloodgroup.Natureofstain(whetherthestainisbloodornot)Todeterminethenatureofstain,followingtestsareused:1.Chemicaltests 1. Thesetestsarebasedontheperoxidaseactivityofhaematin,which is,derivedfromoxidationofhaemofhaemoglobinormethemoglobin,present.Thisenzyme,inthepresenceofhydrogenperoxideconvertscolourlesssaltsintocolouredbases.ThusthesetestsarebasedonH202andperoxidaseenzyme.Testsare: 2. Benzidinetest:Greenishbluecolour.3. Phenolphthaleintest(kastlemyeretest):Deeppermanganate colour. 4. Leucomalachitegreentest:Bluishgreenorpeacockbluecolour.5. Guaiacumtest:Bluecolour.
6. Orthotoludinetest(kohntest):Blueorgreencolour.7. Amidopyrinetest:Purplecolour. 2.MicrochemicaltestsThesetestsarebasedonpropertyofhaempartofhemoglobintoformcharacteristiccolouredcrystals.Thetestsare: 1. Teichmann'shaemincrystaltest.2. Takayamahemochromogencrystaltest.3. Luminalspraytest:Itisespeciallyusefulinoldobscureblood stains. 4. Spetroscopy Itismostdelicateandreliabletest.Itisbasedontheprinciplethathemoglobinanditsderivativesgivecharacteristicabsorptionbandswhenviewedthroughaspectroscope.4.MicroscopyMicroscopicexaminationofRBCsispossibleonlyinfreshstains.Detectionofspecies(whetherthebloodhascomefromhumanoranimal)Fordetectionofspecies,serological(immunological)testsareused.Thesetestsare: 1. Precipitintest2. Haemaglutinationinhibitiontest(antiglobulinconsumptiontestor absorptioninhibitiontest). 3. Geldiffusiontest.4. Doublediffusiontest.5. Precipitationelectrophoresis.6. Latexagglutinationtest.7. Isoenzymemethod(enzymologicaltest). DetectionofbloodgroupofbloodstainThesetestsare: 1. Immunological(serological):(i)aborption-elutiontest,(ii) absorption-inhibitiontest,(iii)mixedagglutinationtest,(iv)latextest. 2. Enzymologicalmethods.3. Latte'scrustmethod.
231.Tattooingaroundtheentrywoundis seenin? a)Closeshot b)Contactshot c)Distantshot d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Closeshot
232.Alltestsareusedforinfanticideexcept? a)Ploucquettest b)Fodere'stest c)Gettler'stest d)Raygat'stest CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Gettler'stestTestsusedininfanticide(forrespiration)Ploucquet'stest:Weightoflungismeasuredinrelationtobodywieght.Beforebirthweightoflungis1/70ofbodyweightandafterrespirationitbecomes1/35ofbodyweightduetoincreasedbloodflowinlungbeds.StatictestorFodere'stest:Theaverageweightofbothlungsbeforerespirationis30-40gmandafterrespirationis60-70cm.Hydrostatictest(Raygat'stest,I"lifetest):Thespecificgravityofanon-respiredlungis1040-1050andofarespiredlungis940-950,so,afterrespirationlungfloatsonwater(specificgravityofwateris1000).Falsepositivehydrostatictestmayoccur(i.e.non-respiredlungmayfloat)indecompositionandinattemptedartificialrespiration.Falsenegativehydrostatictest(i.e.respiredlungmaysinkdown)mayoccurinatelectasis,pulmonaryoedema,bronchopneumonia,andcongenitalsyphylis.Breslau'ssecondlifetest:Itassumesthatalivebornchildwouldrespireandtherefore,wouldalsoswallowsomeairintothestomachandbowel.Hencetheyfloatonwater.Thistestisfalselypositiveinputrefaction(duetoputrefiedgases)orincasesofattemptedartificialrespiration.Werdin'stest:Beforebirthmiddleearcontainsgelatinousembryonic
tissuewhichisreplacedbyairafterrespiration
233.Fordiagnosisofinsanity,maximumlimit ofobservation? a)5days b)10days c)30days d)50days CorrectAnswer-CAns.C.i.e.,30daysInsanityischaracterizedbycertainabnormalmentalandbehavioralpatterns.Simplyinsanemeansunsoundmind,i.e.insaneisthepersonwhichhasunsoundmind.Converselysanitymeanssoundmind(composmentis).Lucidintervalistheperiodofsanity(soundmind)inaninsaneperson,i.e.periodincourseofmentalillnesswhenthereiscompletecessationofmanifestationsofinsanity.Duringthisperiodheisquitenormalandcanmakevalidwill,sell/purchaseproperty,givevalidevidenceandislegallyresponsibleforhisdeeds.Beforemakingadiagnosisofinsanity,thepatientmaybekeptunderobservationinmentalhospitalorgeneralhospital/nursinghome.Patientiskeptunderobservationfor10days,whichcanbeextendeduptomaximum30days.Twodoctors(atleastonebeingagovernmentdoctor)shouldexaminethepatientseparatelywithoutconsultingeachotherforatleastthreeexaminations
234.Suicidalmarkishorizontalin? a)Hanging b)Strangulation c)Bothoftheabove d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Strangulation
235.Grazeisatypeof? a)Bruise b)Contusion c)Laceration d)Abrasion CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,AbrasionAbrasionItisadestructionoftheskin,whichinvolvesthesuperficiallayersoftheepidermisonly.Theyareof4types: 1. Scratches-itsaabrasionwithlengthbutnosignificantwidthoraa verysuperficialincision. 2. Grazes-mostcommon.Theyoccurwhenthereismovement betweentheskinandsomeroughsurfaceincontactwithit. 3. Pressureorfrictionabrasion-theyarecausedbycrushingofthe superficiallayersoftheepidermisandareassociatedwithabruiseofthesurroundingarea. 4. Impactorcontactabrasion-theyarecausedbyimpactwitharough object,whentheforceisappliedatorneararightangletotheskinsurface. 5. Patternedabrasion-impactabrasionandpressureabrasion reproducethepatternoftheobjectcausingitandarecalledPatternedabrasion.
236.Platauf'shemorrages,incorrectis? a)Signofdrowning b)Subpleuralhemorrhage c)Mostlyseeninmiddlelobe d)Allaretrue CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,MostalyseeninmiddlelobePaltauf'shemorrhagesTheyaresubpleuralhaemorrhagespresentincasesofdrowningwhenalveolarwallsruptureduetoincreasedpressureduringforcedexpirationandproducehaemorrhages.Theyareshiningpalepinkorbluishred,andmaybeminuteor3-5cmindiameterseeninlungs.Theyareusuallypresentinabout50%casesinlowerlobesoflungsbutmaybeseenontheanteriorsurfacesoflungsandtheinterlobarsurfaces.
237.Mostcommonhymenruptureinavirgin is? a)Anterior b)Anterolateral c)Posterolateral d)Posterior CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,PosterolateralHymenrupture:Congenital:anteriorDuetointercourseorforeignbody:posterolateral(4/8or5/70'clock)>posterior(60'clock).Invirginrupture(tears)ofhymenduetosuddentretchingoccursinposteriorhalfofmembraneusuallyatthesides(i.e.posterolaterally)in4or8'Oclockor5or7'Oclockposition,orinthemidlineofhymen(6'Oclockposition).Withfirstintercoursetearsusuallyoccurinposteriormidlinebecausethehymenliessuspendedacrossapotentialspacehere,whereasanteriorlyperiurethraltissuesbuttressthehymen.Morethan2tearsareunusual,Semilunarhymenoftenrupturesonbothsides.Annularhymenwhichnearlyclosesupthevaginalorificemaysufferseveralhymenallacerationsindicatefirstsexualintercourse.Onedeep'Vshapedcleft/tearat6'0clockoranumberofcleftsusuallyinposteriorhafthymenmembraneindicatepassageofanyobjectthroughhymeorificewhichislargeritsoriginalopening.'InprepubertalchildrenposteriortearmayinvolvefourchetteproducingadeepUshapeddefect.Fourchetteistorn,fossa
navicularisdisappearandposteriorcommissuremayberuptured.Thelatterinjuryusuallydoesnotoccurinconsentingsexualintercourseunlessthereismuchdisproportionbetweenthemaleandfemaleparts.
238.MostcommondrowninginIndia- a)Suicidal b)Homicidal c)Accidental d)Infanticide CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,AccidentalMostofthecasesofdrowning(2/3)inIndiaareaccidental.Rest1/3beingsuicidal.Homicidaldrowningislesscommoninindia.Suicidaldrowningisindicatedbyabsenceofsignsofstruggleorassault(e.g.tornclothes,injurymarks).Adeterminedsuicidemaytiehishandsandlegstogetherorattachweightstohisbodyortakepoisonorcutthroatbeforeimmersion.Inhomicidaldrowning,therearesignsofstruggleandviolence(assault)(e.g.headinjury,signsofstrangulation,orthrottling).Headandfeetmaybetied,heavyweightmaybeattachedtobodyorbodymaybetiedupinsideagunnybag.Homicidaldrowningisveryrareexceptininfantsandchildren.Accidentaldrowningisquitecommonandusuallyseeninchildren,non-swimmers,duringfloodsorduetofallinwelletc.
239.Magistrateinquestisdoneincaseof? a)Deathbysuicide b)Deathbyaccident c)Deathinpsychiatryhospital d)Deathinsuscpiciouscircumstances CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,DeathinpsychiatryhospitalMagistrate'sinquestisdoneundersec176CrPCiscaseof:- 1. Deathinprison,reformatories,Borstalschool.2. Deathinpolicecostodywhileunderpoliceinterrogation.3. Deathduetopolicefiring.4. Dowrydeath;i.e.deathofamarriedfemalelessthan30yearsof ageordeathwithin7yearsofmarriage. 5. Exhumation.6. Deathinpsychiatryhospital.7. Custodialrape.
240.Schedule-3ofMCIincludes- a)MBBSdegreeofindianuniversities b)DNBdegree c)DiplomaofCPS d)MBBSdegreeofforeignuniversities CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,DiplomaofCPSSchedulesofMCIActMCIwasestablishedin1934andMCIactwasrevisedin1956,1964,1993,1999,and2002.TheschedulesofMCIincludeslistofmedicaldegreesrecognizedbyMCI:- 1. Schedule1:-IncludeslistofrecogniseddegreesawardedbyIndian universities('")andalsoDNBawardedbyNationalBoardofExamination,NewDelhi. 2. Schedule2:-Includeslistofrecognizedmedicaldegreesawarded byforeignuniversitiesorob'. 3. Schedule3:-Includeslistofmedicalqualificationsawardedby Indianorforeignboardsorsocieties,butarenotincludedinschedule1or2.Ithastwoparts:?PartI:IncludeslistofrecognizeddegreesotherthanMBBSawardedbyIndianSocietiesandBoards,e.gLMPanddiplomaofCPS.PartII:IncludeslistofrecognizeddegreesotherthanMBBSawardedbyForeignSocietiesandBoards
241.Lengthoftibiais? a)10%ofheight b)20%ofheight c)30%ofheight d)40%ofheight CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,20%ofheightStatureisdeterminedindismemberedbody(skeletalremains)by: 1. Lengthfromthetipofmiddlefingertothetipofoppositemiddle fingerwhenarmsarefullyextended. 2. Twicethelengthofonearm+30cm(oftwoclavicles)+4cm(for thesternum). 3. Humeruslengthis1/5thofheight.4. Thelengthfromthevertextothesymphysispubisishalfofthetotal length. 5. ThelengthfromthesternalnotchtoSymphysispubisx3-3.6. Thelengthofforearmmeasuredfromtipofmiddlefingeris=5/19of totallength. 7. Theheightofheadmeasuredbytheverticaldistancefromthetopof thehead(vertex)tothetipofchin=1/8ofthetotallength. 8. Thelengthofvertebralcolumn=34/100oftotallength.Tothelength ofentireskeleton,add2.5to4cmforthicknessofthesoftparts. 9. Asageneralrulehumerusis20%,tibiais22%,femuris27%and spineis35%ofindividualheight.
242.Locord'ssystemis? a)Podography b)Dactylography c)Poroscopy d)Cheiloscopy CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,PoroscopyDactylography(Galton'ssystem)-->Studyoffingerprints.Poroscopy(Locard'ssystem)-4Studyofnumber,sizesanddistributionofporesofsweatglandsonridges(usedwhenonlyapartoffingerprintisavailable).Podogram-->Studyoffootprint.Cheiloscopy(queiloscopy)-->Studyoflipprints.Rugoscopy(Palatoprints)Studyofanteriorpartofpalate.
243.Putrefactionisdelayedinallexcept? a)Warmmoistatmosphere b)Carbolicacidpoisoning c)Anemia d)Heavymetalspoisoning CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,WarmmoistatmosphereFactorscausingdelayofputrefactionTemperature<0?Cor>48?C(veryhightemperature).Dryweatherand/ordecreasedairvelocity.Morethan2meterdeepgrave.Tightclothing.Bodyindrysoil,andbodypackedincoffin.Infantnotfed.Wastingdiseaseslikeanemia.Poisoning:Carbolicacid,ZnC12,strychnine(nuxvomica),andheavymetals(arsenic,antimony).Inwaterslowerthaninair(casper'sdictum).FactorsfacilitatingputrefactionPutrefactionisfacilitatedby(i)freeaccessofair(ii)moistureand(iii)optimumwarnth(10?C-45?C).Thusdecompositionisfastinshallowdamp,marshyshallowgraves,inbodieswithoutclothesandcoffin.
244.Browncolorofcontusionisdueto- a)Haematodin b)Reducedhemoglobin c)Haemosiderin d)Bilirubin CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,HaemosiderinColorchangeandageofbruise(Contusion)Afterabruisehasappeared,ittendstogetsmallerfromperipherytocenterandpassesthroughaseriesofcolourchanges.TheseareduetodisintegrationofRBCsbyhemolysisandbreakdownofhemoglobinintothepigmentshaemosiderin,haematodinandbilirubinchangesare:- 1. Atfirst:Red(oxyhemoglobin)2. Fewhoursto3days:blue(reducedhemoglobin)3. 4thday:Bluish-blacktobrown(haemosiderin)4. 5-6days:Greenish(haematodin)5. 7-12days:Yellow(Bilirubin)6. 2weeks:Normal(absorptionofpigment)
245.Whichisincorrectaboutexitwoundofa bullet? a)Bevelled b)Everted c)Abrasioncollar d)NoCOHb CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Abrasioncollar
246.Diagnosticofantemortumdrowning? a)Palatauf'shemorrhage b)Weedsandgrassinclenchedhands c)Emphysemaaquosum d)Waterinesophagus CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Weedsandgrassinclenchedhands
247.Differencebetweencontusionandpost- mortemlividityisthatpost-mortemlividity? a)Showssequentialcolorchange b)Easilywashable c)Showsdiffuseirregularmargins d)Hasraisedenzymelevels CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Easilywashable
248.Allareimmediatecausesofdeathina caseofburn,except? a)Suffocation b)Embolism c)Injury d)Sepsis CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,SepsisCausesofdeathinburnsCausesofdeathinburnsmaybedividedinto: 1. Causesofimmediatedeath:Theseare(1)neurogenicshock (primaryshock),(2)hypovolaemicshock(secondaryshock),(3)suffocation,duetoinhaledCO,CO2,(4)cyanideintoxication,(5)fatembolism,(6)cerebralorpulmonaryedema,and(7)accidentalinjuriesduringburn. 2. Causesofdelayeddeath:Theseare:(1)renalfailure(acutetubular necrosis),(2)infections(sepsis,gangrene,tetanus)and(3)centrilobularnecrosisofliver.
249.Raygat'stestisusedfor? a)Weightoflung b)Specificgravityoflung c)Consistencyoflung d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,SpecificgravityoflungHydrostatictest(Raygat'stest,1"lifetest):Thespecificgravityofanon-respiredlungis1040-1050andofarespiredlungis940-950,so,afterrespirationlungfloatsonwater(specificgravityofwateris1000).Falsepositivehydrostatictestmayoccur(i.e.non-respiredlungmayfloat)indecompositionandinattemptedartificialrespiration.Falsenegativehydrostatictest(i.e.respiredlungmaysinkdown)mayoccurinatelectasis,pulmonaryoedema,bronchopneumonia,andcongenitalsyphylis.
250.Tachenoiredesalenorticaisa postmortemfindingisrelatedto a)Eye b)Muscle c)Hair d)Semen CorrectAnswer-ABrownishdiscolourationofthescleraduetocellulardebrisanddust-Tachenoire
251.1staffectedinrigormortis a)Eyelids b)Myocardium c)Jaw d)Neck CorrectAnswer-BAnswer-B.Myocardiumstateofthemusclesinadeadbodywhentheybecomestifforrigidwithsomedegreeofshortening.Allmusclesofbodyareinvolvedi.e.voluntaryorinvoluntary.However,itdoesnotstartinallmusclessimultaneously(nysten'srule).Involuntarymuscles(heart)areinvolvedfirstthanvoluntarymuscles.Sequenceofmusclesinvolvementisasfollows:Heart>uppereyelid>neck>jaw>face>chest>upperlimb>abdomen>lowerlimb>fingerandtoes.
252.
PunishmentforperjuryisunderwhichsectionIPC? a)Sec193 b)Sec191 c)Sec197 d)Sec190 CorrectAnswer-AAnswerA.Sec193DefinespunishmentforfabricatingfalseevidenceThewitnessisliabletobeprosecutedforperjury,andtheimprisonmentmayextenduptosevenyears.193IPC:punishmentforfalseevidence,(punishmentforperjury):imprisonmentupto7years+hneIgIIpC:(i)Givingfalseevidence(perjury)underoath.I92IPC:Fabricatingfalseevidence(perjury)
253.Gastriclavageisnotcontraindicated afteringestionofwhichacid. a)HCL b)H2SO4 c)Carbolicacid d)Nitricacid CorrectAnswer-CAnswer-C.CarbolicAcidTheonlyobsolutecontraindicationiscorrosivepoisoningi.ealkalis,mineralacid,vegetableacidandorganicacids(exceptcarbolicacid).Carbolicacidistheonlycorrosiveinwhichgastriclavagecanbeused.Gastriclavagemustbedone(exceptwhencontraindicated)irrespectiveofwhethervomitinghasoccuredornot,topreventaspirationofcontent.Carbolicacidistheonlycorrosiveinwhichgastriclavageisnotcontraindicated.
254.Visceraintoxicologystoredin a)Glycerine b)Rectifiedspirit c)Formalism d)Saturatedsaltsolution CorrectAnswer-DAnswer-D.SaturatedsaltsolutionToxicologicalvisceraispreservedinasaturatedsolutionofcommonsalt(sodiumchloride).Fortoxicologicalanalysis,visceraisneverpreservedinalcohol,formalin,orbilesalt.Infact,formalindenaturesproteinsandchemicaitoxinsandwouldinterferewiththedetectionofpoisonsduringchemicalanalysis'
255.Twoidenticaltwinswillnothavesame a)Fingerprints b)DNAcopies c)Iriscolor d)Bloodgroup CorrectAnswer-AAnswer:A.FingerprintsIdenticaltwinshavethesameDNA,buttheirfingerprints(dactylography)arestilldiferentandtheydonotchange.Thesecanbeeasilyusedtodifferentiatebetweenanidenticalsetoftwins.IdenticaltwinshavethesamesetofDNA,thereforeDNAfingerprintingcannotdifferentiatethem.
256.InAllegedhistoryofgunshot injury.thereisburning,blackening,tattooingaroundthewoundDirtcollar,theinjuryis a)Closeshotentrywound b)Closeshotexitwound c)Distantshotentrywound d)distantshotexitwound CorrectAnswer-AAnswer:A.CloseshotentrywoundBuring,blackening,tattooingaroundthewoundarefeaturesofcloseshotentry.Andmayoccurincontactshotwhenmuzzleendisnotpressedfirmly.
Themuzzleendisnotpressedfirmlyorisloosenedbyrecoil,flame,gasandsootmayescapesidewaysandsoiltheadjoiningskin......Parikh.Greasecollarordirtcollarisseenatfirearmentrywound.Itisablackcoloredringliningtheentrancewoundontheskin.Itisproducedbyremovalofsubstancesfromthebulletasitpasses_throughtheskin,
257.AchildishavingBatteredbaby syndromehowwillyouidentify a)Stabwound b)Gunshotwound c)Bruiseofdifferentages d)Noneofthese CorrectAnswer-CAns-C.BruiseofdifferentagesAbatteredchildisonewhohasreceivedrepetitivephysicalinjuriesasaresultofnon-accidentalviolenceproducedbyaparentoraguardian.multiplebruisepresentoverbody,Lacerationoftheoralmucosa,Parentsgivevaguehistoryofaccidenttobethecauseoftheinjuries.ItisalsocalledCaffeysyndrome,Caffey-Kempesyndrome,maltreatmentsyndromeorParent-infanttraumaticstresssyndromeTheinjuriesmaybecausedbyhand,foot,teeth,stick,belt,shoe,hotwater,lightedcigarette,hotfryingpanoranyhouseholdarticleAccidentalinjuriestypicallyinvolvebonyprominences[head(forehead,occipitalorparietalregion),nose,chin,palm,elbows,kneesandshin],matchthehistorygivenbytheparentsandarekeepingwiththedevelopmentofthechild
258.Deglovingskininvolvesremovalof? a)skin,subcutaneousfat,fascia,muscle b)skin,subcutaneousfat,fascia c)skinonly d)skinsubcutaneousfat CorrectAnswer-DAnswer:D.skinsubcutaneousfatTheclinicalentityofdeglovinginjurymeansthattheskinhasbeenlost,butthemusculoskeletalunitisintact,andhence,themovementsoftheparthavebeenpreserved.Degloving,alsocalledavulsion,isatypeofsevereinjurythathappenswhenthetoplayersofyourskinandtissuearerippedfromtheunderlyingmuscle,connectivetissue,orbone.Itcanaffectanybodypart,butit'smorecommoninthelegsDependingontheanglethatthetirepullasacrosstheextremity,theskinandsubcutaneoustissuemaybepulledorshearedoffonleadingedgeofextremity.
259.Sexualperversions(Exhibitionism)is undersection a)Section290 b)Section294 c)Section230 d)Section291 CorrectAnswer-BAnswer:B.Section294EXHIBITIONISM:sexualgratificationbyexposingone'sgenitalia.Punishableundersec294I.P.C.withimprisonmentupto3monthsorfine
260.Xiphoidfuseswithsternumbywhatage ? a)30years b)35years c)40years d)45years CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,40years[RefParikh6thlep.2.30,2.31]SternumPiecesofbodyunitebetween14-25years.Xiphoiduniteswithbodyat40years.Manubriumuniteswithbodyat60years.OtherbonesHyoid:greatercornuuniteswithbodyat40-60years.Laryngealandcostalcartilagesossifyafter40years.Vertebra:Osteophytesoutgrowth,lippingofvertebraanddiscatrophyoccur.
261.Sections312to315dealwith? a)Kidnapping&abduction b)Attention&abetmenttosuicide c)Causinggrievoushurt d)Criminalabortion CorrectAnswer-DAns.isD.i.e.,Criminalabortion312,313,314and315IPC:Forcausingvoluntarymiscarriage(criminalabortion).312IPC:Causingmiscarriagewithconsent(3yearsofimprisonment?fine).313IPC:Causingmiscarriagewithoutconsentoflady(10yearsofimprisonmentwhichcanextenduptolife?fine).314IPC:Deathofpatientcausedbymiscarriage(10yearsofimprisonment?fine).315IPC:Deathofchildduringmiscarriage(10yearsimprisonment?fine).
262.Postmortemlividityisnotseenin? a)Drowninginwell b)Drowninginafastflowingriver c)Postmortemsubmersion d)Drowninginchlorinatedswimmingpool CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Drowninginafastflowingriver[RefParikh6th/ep.3.10]
263.Sexualgratificationofawomenis obtainedbyanotherwomaniscalled? a)Tribadism b)Bestiality c)Fellatio d)Cunnilingus CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Tribadism[RefParikh6th/ep.5.50,5.52;Reddy31"/ep.401;Rao2"'Ilep.373-74;RajesBardale1"/ep.325-26]Tribadism(Lesbianismorfemalehomosexuality):Sexualgratificationofawomenisobtainedbyanotherwomanbykissing,bodycontact,manipulationofbreastandgenitalia.Activepartneriscalleddykeorbutchandthepassiveagentiscalledfemme.ThisisnotanoffenceinIndia.
264.Voyeurismis? a)Sexualgratificationbywatchingtheactofsexualintercourse b)Useofsuchobjectsforsexualgratification c)Sexualgratificationisbyselfpain d)Sexualgratificationbyrubbingprivatepart CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Sexualgratificationbywatchingtheactofsexualintercourse[RefReddy30th/ep.395]Voyeurism(Scoptophilia,Peepingtom):Sexualgratificationisobtainedbylookingatthesexualorgansofotherpersons,watchingtheactofsexualintercourse,orwitnessingundressingbyawoman.
265.Wrongaboutdhaturaseedsis? a)Kidneyshaped b)Odourless c)Yellowbrown d)Convexsmoothsurface CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Convexsmoothsurface[RefPilley4th/ep.207;GautamBiswas2"d/ep.496]FeaturesofDhaturaseesare:- 1. Large&thick2. Odourlers3. Kidney-shaped4. Laterallycompressedanddoubleedgedatconvexborder(not smooth) 5. Yellowiskbrown6. Bitter
266.
AdulteryisdescribedunderwhichsectionofIPC? a)314 b)375 c)497 d)504 CorrectAnswer-CAns.isc'i.e.,497[RefWomenandtheLawp.167]Section497ofIPCsays,"Whoeverhassexualintercoursewithapersonwhoisandwhomheknowsorhasreasontobelievetobethewifeofanotherman,withouttheconsentorconnivanceofthatman,suchsexualintercoursenotamountingtheoffenceofrape,isguiltyoftheoffenceofadulteryandshallbepunished.
267.
UseofdangerousweaponisrelatedtowhichsectionofIPC? a)304 b)319 c)322 d)324 CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'D'i.e.,324319IPC:Defineshurt.320IPC:Definesgrievoushurt.321IPC:Voluntarilycausinghurt.322IPC:Voluntarilycausinggrievoushurt.323IPC:Punishmentforvoluntarilycausinghurt(noprovocation,nodangerousweapon)(1yearsimprisonment).324IPC:Punishmentforvoluntarilycausinghurtbydangerousweapon(3yearsimprisonment?fine).325IPC:Punishmentforvoluntarilycausinggrievoushurt(noprovocation,nodangerousweapon)(7yearsimprisonment?fine).
268.
OutragingmodestyofwomeniswhichsectionofIPC? a)375 b)354 c)195 d)304 CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,354[RefReddy26th/ep.365]Rapeandothersexualoffencesandassault228IPC:Prohibitsdisclosureofidentityofrapevictim.375IPC:Definingrape.376IPC:Punishmentforrape(7yearstolifeimprisonment?fine).376-AIPC:Punishmentformaritalrape(2yearsimprisonment?fine).377IPC:Unnaturalsexualoffences(10yearstolifeimprisonment?fine).354IPC:Assaultorcriminalforcetowomanwithintenttooutragehermodesty.366-AIPC:Procurationofminorgirlforillicitintercourse.351IPC:Definesassault.352-358IPC:Punishmentforcausingassault.509IPC:Word,gestureoractintendedtoinsultthemodestyofawomen
269.
Section89IPCisfor? a)Criminalresponsibilityofinsane b)Criminalresponsibilityofachild c)Criminalresponsibilityofdrunkenperson d)Ageforconsent CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'i.e.,Criminalresponsibilityofachild89IPC:Achildunder12yearsofagecannotbegivenvalidconsenttosufferanyharmwhichcanoccurfromanactdoneingoodfaithforthebenefitofthechild,e.g.,consentforsurgery.Theonlyguardiancangivesuchconsent.Anactisdoneingoodfaithforthebenefitofachildorinsaneperson,byorbyconsentoftheguardian.Nothingwhichisdoneingoodfaithforthebenefitofapersonundertwelveyearsofage,orofunsoundmind,byorbyconsent,eitherexpressorimplied,oftheguardianorotherpersonhavinglawfulchargeofthatperson,isanoffencebecauseofanyharmwhichitmaycause,orbeintendedbythedoertocauseorbeknownbythedoertobelikelytocausetothatperson
270.Apersonisdeclareddeadifhe/sheis notfoundfor a)7years b)10years c)14years d)21years CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,7years[RefCivilLaw,Section108MA]TheIndianEvidenceAct,undersection108provides7yearsfromthedatewhenceapersonisdeclaredtobemissingandhis
271.
AdulterationofdrugisunderwhichsectionofIPC a)271 b)272 c)273 d)274 CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,274[RefSafetyManagementofHospitalsp.315;PrinciplesofFMT,Bardalep.18]LawrelatedtoAdulteration:-IndianPenalCode:?Section272AdulterationofFoodorDrinkIntendedforSaleImprisonmentfor6months,Fine-Rs.1000Section273SaleofNoxiousFoodorDrinkImprisonemntfor6months,fine-Rs.1000Section274AdulterationofDrugsSection275SaleofaduletrateddrugsSection276SaleofdrugsasadifferentdrugorpreparationSection277Foulingwaterofpublicspringorreservoir
272.Firstcarpalbonetoappearis? a)Trapezium b)Capitate c)Pisiform d)Lunate CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'B'i.e.,Capitate[RefReddy'sEssentials26th/ep.63]Theossificationcentresincarpalbonesappearasfollows: nCapitate 1year nHamate 2years nTriquitrum 3years nLunate 4years nScaphoidandtrapezoid 5years nTrapezium 6yearsnPisiform 11years
273.Holographwillisdefinedas a)Doctordictatesandwrittenbyrelatives b)Testatoriswritteninhisownhandwriting c)Testatorisdictatedandwrittenbyrelatives d)Testatorisdictatedandwrittenbydoctor CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Testatoriswritteninhisownhandwriting[RefSKSinghal4th/ep.314]Holographwillisonewhichiswrittenbythetestatorinhisownhandwritting.Testamentarycapacityisdefinedasthecapacityofapersontomakeavalidwill.
274.Obtuseangleofmandibleisseenin a)Infancy b)Adulthood c)AdultMale d)AdultFemale CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Infancy[RefParikh6thlep.2.30] Feature Infancy Adult Oldage Angleof Obtuse Right Obtuseangle mandible angle angle Mental Near Midway Looksapparentlynearertheofbody foramen lower b/w &lowerborderupperborderd/tlossof opening border upper teeth
275.Sizeofthefetusis20mm,thenbythe ruleofHasse's,whatisthegestationalageofthefetus? a)2weeks b)4weeks c)6weeks d)8weeks CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,6weeksHess'srule(Haase'srule):Itisaroughmethodforcalculatingtheageoffetusbymeasuringthelengthfromcrowntoheel.Upto5thmonthofgestation,lengthofthefoetusincmissquareofthemonthofgestationandbeyond5months,lengthincmis5timesthemonthofgestation.Lengthincm=(monthofpregnancy)upto5monthsLengthincm=monthofpregnancyafter5monthsInthisquestion:Lengthincm=(monthofpregnancy)22=(monthofpregnancy)(Note:20mm=2cm)Monthofpregnancy=14monthsor6weeks.
276.Firstincisortoeruptis a)Lowercentral b)Uppercentral c)Lowerlateral d)Upperlateral CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Lowercentral[RefReddy30thiep.60]Firsttemporarytoothtoupper(inprimarydentition)islowercentralincisorsandlasttemporarytoothtoeruptis2ndmolar.Thesequenceoferuptionislowercentralincisor>uppercentralincisor>upperlateralincisor>lowerlateralincisor>I"molar>Canine>molar.Thereforeeurptionoftemporaryteethiscompletedbyeruptionof2"?molarat25months(2years).Firstpermanenttoothtoerupt(insecondarydentition)is1"molarandlasttoeruptis3rdmolar.Thesequenceoferuptionis1"molar>centralincisor>lateralincisor>1"premolar>2"premolar>canine>2"molar>3rdmolar.Eruptionofpermanentteethiscompletedbyeruptionof3rdmolarbetween17-25years.
277.X-rayofchoiceforagedetectionat around16-17yearsofage a)Elbow b)Wrist c)Shoulder d)Pelvis CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Wrist[RefParikh6th/ep.2.10] Site Age(inyears) Female Male Elbow 13-14 15-16 Wrist 16-17 18-19 Shoulder 17-18 19-20 Crestofilium 18-19 20-21
278.Suggilationisduetowhichofthe following? a)Gravityleadingtopoolingofblood b)Escapeofbloodfrommicrovasculature c)Moleculardeathleadingtostiffeningofmuscles d)Autolysisofenzymes CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Gravityleadingtopoolingofblood[RefReddy30th/ep.141]GravityleadingtopoolingofbloodSuggilationMoleculardeathleadingtostiffeningofmusclesRigorMortisAutolysisofenzymesPutrefaction
279.Earliestsignoffetaldeath- a)Spaldingsign b)Robert'ssign c)Ballsign d)Adipocereformation CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Robert'ssign[RefParikh6thlep.5.75,5.76&4th/ep.268]Robertsign(gasingreatvessels)12hSpaldingsign(overlappingofskullbones)1weekBlair-Hartley/Ballsign(hyperflexion/hyperextension3-4weeksofspinewithovercrowdingofribs
280.Firstsignofmacerationis a)Robert'ssign b)Skinslippage c)Spaldingsign d)Greenishdiscolorationofbody CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Skinslippage[RefParikh6"Vep.5.75;SKParikh4th/ep.268]Macerationisaprocessofasepticautolysis.Itoccurswhenadeadfetusremainsintheuterusfor3-4dayssurroundedbyliquoramniibutwithexclusionofair.Skinslippageistheearliestsign(occurswithin12hours).
281.Whichisthebesttemperaturefor putrefaction? a)-10degreesC b)0degreesC c)30degreesC d)50degreesC CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,30degreesC[RefReddy30th/ep.150]Putrefactionisthelaststageinresolutionofbodyfromtheinorganictoorganicstateandisacertainsignofdeath.Theputrefactionisdueto:Autolysis:Theenzymesofthebody,breakdownthedeadbodycausingproteolysis,lipolysisandglycolysis.Bacterialenzymes:Aerobicandanaerobicbacteriapresentinsmallintestine(e.g.C.welchii,staphylococcus,E.colietc.)releaseenzymes(especillylipaseandlecithinase),whichactonbodytocausebreakdown.Threeconditionsarenecessoryforputrefaction:(i)warmth(10-45?),(ii)moisture(humidity)and(iii)air.Ifairisabsent,adipocereformation(saponification)occurs,andintheabsenceofmoisture,mummificationoccurs.
282.AccordingtoCasper'sdictum, decompositionisthefastestwhenthebodyisinwhichofthefollowing? a)Air b)Water c)Earth d)Soil CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Air[RefReddy30thiep.155]Itistheeffectofmedium(inwhichbodylies)onrateofputrefaction.Casper'sdictumstatesthatabodydecomposesinairtwiceasrapidlyasinwaterandeighttimesasrapidlyinearth.
283.Enzymeresponsibleforpostmortem hemolysisis a)Hemolysin b)Lecithinase c)Lipoproteinase d)Protease CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Lecithinase[RefTextbookofFMTbyVij5th/ep.89]Bacteriaproducealargevarietyofenzymesthatactoncarbohydrates,proteinsandfatsandbreakdownthevarioustissues.Oneofthemostimportantenzymesisthelecithinase'producedbytheClostridiumwelchii,whichhydrolysesthelecithinpresentinallthecellmembranesincludingbloodcellsandthusisresponsibleforproducinghemolysisofbloodpostmortem.Thisenzymealsohelpsinpostmortemhydrolysisandhydrogenationofbodyfat.
284.Gunpowderonbodyandclothingcanbe visualizedby? a)HarrisonandGilroytest b)Neutronactivationanalysis c)Dermalnitratetest d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Alloftheabove[RefParikhelep.4.39]Testsusedinfirearmdischarge:Basedondetectionofnitrate:Dermalnitrite(Paraffin)test.Basedondetectionofheavymetal:HarrisonandGilroytest,neutronactivationanalysis,Atomicobsorptionspectroscopy,andflamelessatomicabsorptionspectroscopy.
285.Bulletfixedfromagunisnotreleased.It isejectedoutwithsubsequentshot.Suchabulletiscalledas a)Tandembullet b)Dum-dumbullet c)Inceridiarybullet d)Tumblingbullet CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Tandembullet[RefSKSinghal4thlep.188]Varietiesofbulletsare:-i)Incendiary(igniting)bullet:Thetipofbulletcontainsselfignitingmateriale.g.bariumnitrateandpowderedaluminiumandmagnesium(inthepast,phosphoruswasused),sothatitcatchesfireonhittingthetarget.Itisusedtocausefireinusuallyinflammabletargetslikefueltanks(ofaircraftsetc).ii)Explosivebullet:Thetipcontainsadetonatororleadazide,sothatthebulletexplodesonhittingthetarget.iii)Dum-dumbullet(expandingbullet):ItisajacketedbulletwithisnosetipchiseledorcutoffItisdesignedtoincreaseindiameterandexpanduponstrikingthetarget,thusproducinglargerdiameterwoundsoflimitedpenetration.iv)Tandembullet(Piggeytailbullet):Itiscalledone-behind-otherbulletbecausetwobulletsareejectedoneaftertheother,whenfirstbulletfailedtoleavetheburrelandisejectedbysubsequentlyfiredbullet.Therefore,bothenterbodythroughsameenterancewound(some
times,theymayenterthroughdifferententries),butthewoundsofexitarealwaystwo.
286.Whichofthefollowingcausesmaximum damage? a)Tandem b)Dumdum c)Souvenir d)Piggy CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Dumdum[RefSKSinghale/ep.188]Expandingbullets,alsoknownashollow-pointbulletsor"dum-dums",aredesignedto"mushroom"uponenteringatargetinordertostopitfromleavingthebody.Comparedtoregularbullets,orfullmetaljackammunition,expandingbulletsareintendedtocausemaximumtissuedamage.
287.Abulletpackedwithjacketandopensat abaseiscalled a)Dumdumbullet b)Tandembullet c)Duplexbullet d)Souvenirbullet CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Dumdumbullet[RefParikhp.4.33]
288.Ricochetbulletis a)Bulletproducingakeyholeentrywound b)Bulletwithnosetipchiseledoff c)Deviationinthedirectionorpathofbullet d)Bulletcontainingignitingmaterial CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Deviationinthedirectionorpathofbullet[RefReddy30th/ep.211]Ricochettingofbulletisdefinedasdeviationinthedirectionorpathofbulletbecauseofstrikingofbullettoanintermediaryobject.
289.Compoundusedasprimerinweaponis a)Potassiumchlorate b)Sulphur c)Potassiumnitrate d)Nitrocellulose CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Potassiumchlorate[RefParikh6th/ep.4.29]Cartridge(round)Cartridgeistheammunitionusedinfirearms.Cartridgeconsistsof(i)Cartridgecase,(ii)Propellant(gunpowder),(iii)Projectile(missile)and(iv)Wads(onlyinshotguns.).1)CartridgecaseItistheoutershellorcoveringofthecartridge.Inshotgunitiscylinderical.Baseisofbrassandrestofitisofcardboardorplastic.Inrifledweapons,itistaperingandwholeofitismadeofbrassorsteel.Centerofbasehaspercussioncap(detonatorcap)whichhassensitivecomposition,i.e.primer,consistingofpotassiumchlorate,antimonysulphide,mercuryfulminate,bariumnitrite,leadperoxideortetrazene.Inallweapons,afterfiring,thecartridgecaseremainsinthebarrelanditistobetakenoutmanually(shotgun,revolvers,rifle)oritisejectedoutautomatically,e.g.inpistals.2)Propellent(gunpowder)Itpropelstheprojectile(missile)forward.Itiscomposedofblackpowderorsmokelesspowderintheformofgrains,pellets,thincylindricalcordsorflakes.Itsignitionresultsinformationofexpandinghotgasesunderpressurewhich(gaspressure)propels
theprojectile(missile)byprovidingitnecessarymuzzlevelocityandstrikingenergy.Theclassicalgunpowderisknownasblackpowder,consistsofcharcol(15%),Sulphur(10%),andpotassiumnitrate(75%).Dependingonfineness,theblackgunpowderisdesignatedasFG,FFG,FFFG.etc.(F=fineness).Pyrodexisanothergunpowderwithsamecomponents,butwithdifferentratios.Blackgunpowderproducessmoke,i.e.Itissmokeproducingpowder.Smokelesspowder,inadditiontoblackpowder,hasnitrocellulose(singlebase),ornitrocelluloseplusnitroglycerine(doublebase),ornitrocelluloseplusnitroglycerineplusnitroguanidine(triplebase).Semismokelesspowderhas80%blackpowderand20%smokeless
290.Destructivepowerofbulletisdetermined byallexcept a)Velocityofbullet b)Weightofbullet c)Shapeofbullet d)Kineticenergy CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Shapeofbullet[RefReddy29thlep.194]Tissuedamage(ordestructivepowerofbullet)isdependentonstriking(kinetic)energyofbullet,whichisproportionaltoitsmassandsquareofvelocity(KE='/2mv2).Somodernbulletsaredesignedtohavesmallermassallowingtransportationoflargeamountofammunitionandhighvelocity,asvelocityismoreimportantdeterminantindestructivepowerofbullet.
291.Whichofthefollowingisthetestdoneto confirmlivebornfetusafterfetaldeath? a)Mirrortest b)Breslau'stest c)Magnustest d)Paraffintest CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Breslau'stest[RefSKSinghal4thlep.271]TestsusedininfanticidePloucquet'stest:Weightoflungismeasuredinrelationtobodywieght.Beforebirthweightoflungis1/70ofbodyweightandafterrespirationitbecomes1/35ofbodyweightduetoincreasedbloodflowinlungbeds.StatictestorFodere'stest:Theaverageweightofbothlungsbeforerespirationis30-40gmandafterrespirationis60-70cm.Hydrostatictest(Raygat'stest,1"lifetest):Thegravityofanon-respiredlungis1040-1050andofarespiredlungis940-950,so,afterrespirationlungfloatsonwater(specificgravityofwateris1000).Breslau'ssecondlifetest:Itassumesthatalivebornchildwouldrespireandtherefore,wouldalsoswallowsomeairintothestomachandbowel.Hencetheyfloatonwater.Thistestisfalselypositiveinputrefaction(duetoputrefiedgases)orincasesofattemptedartificialrespiration.Werdin'stest:Beforebirthmiddleearcontainsgelatinousembryonictissuewhichisreplacedbyairafterrespiration.
292.Acouplewaslockedupinaroomwith firearound.Allofthefollowingaretheprobableimmediatecausesofdeathinsuchcircumstanceexcept:- a)Cyanideintoxication b)Suffocation c)Sepsis d)Fatembolism CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Sepsis[RefReddy29'/ep.287;Parikh6thlep.4.153]CausesofdeathinburnsCausesofdeathinburnsmaybedividedinto:A)Causesofimmediatedeath:Theseare(1)neurogenicshock(primaryshock),(2)hypovolaemicshock(secondaryshock),(3)suffocation,duetoinhaledCO,CO2,(4)cyanideintoxication,(5)fatembolism,(6)cerebralorpulmonaryedema,and(7)accidentalinjuriesduringburn.B)Causesofdelayeddeath:Theseare:(1)renalfailure(acutetubularnecrosis),(2)infections(sepsis,gangrene,tetanus)and(3)centrilobularnecrosisofliver.
293.Trueaboutacidpoisoningis a)Greatestdamageisalongthelessercurvature b)Corrosivescausevaporizationoftissues c)Vitriolagemeansingestionofacidinemptystomach d)Highestchanceofperforationiswithnitricacid CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,GreatestdamageisalongthelessercurvatureMagenstrasseisthetermappliedtothepathwayacidicagentsfollowinstomach.Thepathwayofacidsandalkalisinfoodfilledstomachstartsalongthelessercurvatureofthestomachandleadstothepylorus,whichexplainsthelocationofgreatestdamageinfoodfilledstomach.Stomachwithoutfoodhavesignificantinjuryinthelowerhalfoftwothirdsandmayhavesparingoffundus.Mechanismofaction:-Corrosivesfix,destroyanderodethesurfacewithwhichtheycomeincontact.Theymainlyactlocallyby:HygroscopicextractionofwaterfromtissuesCoagulationofproteinsandConversionofhaemoglobinintohematin.Titriolage'isthrowingofanycorrosiveonanotherperson.Eyesareaffectedmostcommonly.Itcomesundersector320IPS.Therearehighestchancesofperforationofstomachwith11,SO4,amongallmineralacids.
294.
Highestcontentofcannabisisfoundinwhichpartoftheplant? a)Root b)Resin c)Seed d)Stem CorrectAnswer-BAns.is`b'i.e.,Resin[RefReddy26th/ep.528]Cannabis,alsoknownasmarijuana,isobtainedfromtheIndianHempplantorcannabisindica(Cannabissativa).TheactiveprinciplesofCannabisarecontainedinitsresin.Allpartsoftheplant,maleorfemale,containtheactivematerial,exceptstem,rootandseeds.Theprincipalconstituentoftheresinarecannabinol,whichhasnoaction.Cannabidiolisalsoinert,butonexposuretoheat,itispartlyconvertedtotheveryactiveisomerictetrahydrocannabinols(THC).
295.'ColdTurkey'termisusedtodenote whichofthefollowing? a)Consumptionofheroin b)Abruptcessationofheroin c)Gradualwithdrawalofheroin d)Placetowithdrawadruginagroup CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Abruptcessationofheroin[RefQuittingSmokingforLifep.18]'ColdTurkey'meansabruptandcompletecessationoftakingadrugtowhichoneisaddiced.Alcoholisnottheonlydrugwherebyquittingcoldturkeyposesadangertothepatient.Peoplewhoareaddictedtoopiates(heroin,methadone,morphine,Suboxone,andevenprescriptionbenzodiazepines)areatimmenseriskiftheytrytostoptheirdrugintakewithoutaplan.
296.Smokystoolisseeninwhichpoisoning? a)Phosphorus b)Arsenic c)Lead d)Zinc CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Phosphorus[RefModernMedicalToxicologybyPillayp.68]Acutepoisoningofphosphorus:?Breathsmellsofgarlic.Vomitusandstoolsmaybeluminousinthedark.Smokystoolsyndrome:-Faintfumesmayemanatefromthestools.Manifestationsofliverdamage-tenderhepatomegaly,jaundicewhichmayprogresstoanolivegreenhue,flappingtremorofhands(asterixis),mousyodourtothebreath(foetorhepaticus).
297.Gigantinisactiveprincipleof a)PlumbagoRosea b)Calotropis c)RicinusCommunis d)P.Zeylanica CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Calotropis[RefConciseTextbookofFMT-Sharmap.250]Calotropisgigantea-4containsactiveprinciplenamedgigantin.Whencut,stemandleavesoftheplantexrudeanacridmilkyjuice.Whenthisjuiceisallowedtostandorheated,serumisexudedleavingbehindwhiteclot.Theserumcontainstheactiveprinciplenamedgigantinwhichisverytoxic.
298.Whichofthefollowingistrueabout cocainemetabolitetest a)Measurebenzoylecgoninelevels b)Usedtodiagnosecocaineuse c)Treatmentofcocaineoverdose d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Alloftheabove[RefCodeofFederalRegulationsp.174]Cocaineandcocainemetabolitetestsystem:Acocaineandcocainemetabolitetestsystemisadeviceintendedtomeasurecocaineandacocainemetabolite(benzoylecgoonine)inserum,plasma,andurine.Measurementsobtainedbythisdeviceareusedinthediagnosisandtreatmentofcocaineuseoroverdose.
299.Sodiumflouridemaybeusefor preservationof a)Cyanide b)Arsenic c)Alcohol d)Urine CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Alcohol[RefParikh6th/ep.2.62;Essentialsofforensicmedicine&toxicology23rd/ep.101]Sodiumflurideshouldbeaddedtourineorvitreoushumor,ifalcoholestimationisrequired;andalsotosamplesforanalysisforcocaine,cyanidesandCO.
300.IPC304Bisrelatedto- a)Punishmentforcrueltybyhusbandorhisrelatives b)Dowrydeath c)Deathcausedbynegligence d)Punishmentofculpablehomicide,notamountingtomurder CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.DowrydeathIPC304-Punishmentofculpablehomicide,notamountingtomurderIPC304A-DeathcausedbynegligenceIPC304B-Dowrydeath:10yearsofimprisonmentwhichcanextendtolife.IPC498-Punishmentforcrueltybyhusbandorhisrelatives.
301.IPC201isfor- a)Punishmentforembalmingbeforeautopsy b)Perjury c)Voluntarycausinggrievoushurt d)Kidnapping CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.Punishmentforembalmingbeforeautopsy[Ref:Reddy30th/ep.11]IPC201isforpunishmentforembalmingbeforeautopsy(andalsoforthedisappearanceofevidence).
302.Sec191IPCisfor- a)Medicalnegligence b)Hostilewitness c)Criminalnegligence d)Assaultpunishment CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.Hostilewitness[RefReddy30th/ep.11]Perjury,Hostilewitnessandfalsecertificate191IPC:(i)Givingfalseevidence(perjury)underoathand(ii)hostilewitness.192IPC:Fabricatingfalseevidence(perjury).193IPC:Punishmentforfalseevidence(punishmentforperjury):imprisonmentupto7years+fine.194IPC:Givingorfabricatingfalseevidencetoprocureconvictionofcapitaloffence.195IPC:Givingorfabricatingfalseevidencetoprocureconvictionofoffencepunishablewithimprisonmentforlife.197IPC:Issuingorsigning(attesting)falsecertificatebyadoctorisacriminaloffence.201IPC:Causingdisappearanceofevidence.
303.Coronamortisis? a)Isavascularanastomosis b)Postmortemheart&coronaryarteriesexamination c)Anothertermusedforrigormortis d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.Isavascularanastomosis[RefBRSGrossAnatomyp.112]Coronamortis:Thisisalsocalledascircleofdeathandreferstovascularringformbytheanastomosisofanaberrantarterywiththenormalobturatorarteryarisingfromabranchoftheinternaliliacartery.Atthetimeoflaparoscopicherniathisvesselistornbothendofvesselcanbleedprofusely,becausebotharisefromamajorartery.Thesurgeonshouldremembertheseanatomiclandmarksandthepointofmeshfixationshouldbeselectedsuperiorly,laterallyandmedially.
304.Afterdeath,bloodistakenfrom? a)Femoralvein b)Antecubitalvein c)Jugularvein d)Carotidartery CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.Femoralvein[RefForensicNeuropathologyp.174]"Ideally,thebloodshouldbecollectedfromfemoralveindistaltoclamporligatureandwithoutmilkingthecalforthigh"-ForensicNeuropathologyp.174"Femoralveinbloodsampleispreferredoveraheartbloodsample"-Water-RelatedDeathInvestigationp.269Bloodforthesampleistakenfromfemoralvein.Thejugularorsubclavianveinscanalsobeused.10-20mlofbloodistakenanditistakenbeforeautopsy.30mlofbloodshouldbepreserved(minimumis10ml).
305.Trueaboutfingerprintingis- a)Mostcommontypeiswhorls b)Mostspecificmethodofidentification c)Notpresentatbirth d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.Mostspecificmethodofidentification[RefReddy30thiep.76]Fingerprintsarepresentfrombirthbothonepidermisanddermis,remainconstantthroughoutlifeandcan'tbealteredwithoutdestroyingtrueskin.Fingersprintsareduetopapillaryorepidermal'ridges'onthetipsoffingersandthumb.Fingerprintpatternisabsolutelyindividuali.e.notwohandsareentirelyalike,notevenidenticaltwins.That'swhy,itisbest(mostsensitiveandmostspecific)andmostreliablemethodofidentification(Quetelet'sruleofbiologicalvariation).Loops(67%mostcommon)>Whorls(25%)>archer(7%)>composite(2%leastcommon)arefourmaintypesofpattern.Itisacceptedthatchancesof2fingerprintsmatching16ridgecharacteristicareinfinitelysmall(Parikh's).Inpractice8-6pointsoffinecomparisionareacceptedasproofofidentity.
306.Ophitoxemiais? a)Snakevenompoisoning b)Scorpionbite c)Spiderbite d)Tickbite CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Snakevenompoisoning[RefRameshGuptaZoologybook]Ophitoxemiaispoisoningbysnakevenom.
307.Blistersareabsentin? a)Burns b)Putrefaction c)ArsenicPoisoning d)Postmortemcaloricity CorrectAnswer-DAnsis'd'i.e.,Postmortemcaloricity[RefReddy03tivep.139,140;S.K.Singhalp.92]Thereisnoblisteringinpostmortemcaloricity.Allotherconditionsareassociatedwithblisterformation
308.Novusactusinterveniensis- a)Factsspeakingforitself b)Breakingofchain c)Contributorynegligence d)Therapeuticmisadventure CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.BreakingofchainApersonisresponsibleforhisactionsandtheirconsequences.Thisprincipleappliestocasesofassaultoraccidentalinjuries.However,sometimessuchcontinuityofeventsisbrokenbyanentirelynewandunexpectedhappening,duetonegligenceofsomeotherperson,i.e."Novusactusinterveniens"(anunrelatedactionintervening).Forexample,Ifapersonhasbeenassaultedduetowhichhehassustainedalargeliverlaceration,forwhichheisoperatedbyasurgeon.Ifthepatientdiesintraoperativelyorpostoperativelyduetocomplicationsrelatedtosurgeryorinjury,thepersonwhohasassaultedthepatientwillbeheldresponsible.But,ifthedoctorhasdonesomenegligentactduringsurgery,e.g.lefttheswaborinstrumentinabdomenduringsurgery;andpatientdiesbecauseofthatact(sepsisduetoswab),thentheresponsibilitymaypassfromoriginalincidenttolaternegligentactofdoctorbyprincipleof`Novusactusintervention'(anunrelatedactionintervening).Thusthedoctorisresponsiblefornegligentacts,i.e.criminalnegligence,andtheassailantwillnotbefullyresponsiblefortheultimateharm.
309.Inquest,notfollowedinIndiais- a)Policeinquest b)Magistrateinquest c)Coroner'sinquest d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Coroner'sinquestCoroner'scourtusedtobeheldinIndiainBombay(Mumbai).Now,itisheldnowhereinthecountry.ItwasabolishedevenfromMumbaiin1999.
310.Lengthofthefetusis40cms.Whatwould betheageofgestation? a)4months b)6months c)7months d)8months CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,8months[RefModi23'diep.1016,1037;DuttaObstetrics6th/ep.41]AccordingtoRuleofHasse:Length=5xmonthsofpregnancy.Thus,40=5xmonthsofpregnancyormonthsofpregnancy=8
311.Extrapermanenttoothtoeruptis- a)Upperincisor b)Canine c)Molar d)Lowerincisor CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Upperincisor[RefTextbookofPediatricDecntistryp.354]Mostcommonsupernumeraryteetharepermanent,anteriorincisorinthemaxilla(maxillaryincisors),calledmesiodens.Aftermaxillaryincisors,maxillaryandmandibularfourthmolarscalleddistodensordistomolars
312.Alcoholistakenwithaeratedsoftdrinks because- a)Absorptionisfaster b)Effectisincreased c)Toavoidhangover d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Absorptionisfaster[RefHandbookofAlcoholicBeverages]Therateofalcoholabsorptionisdependentonitsconcentration,beingthehighestfrombeveragescontainingabout20%to30%alcohol,andonthespeedofitsconsumption.Alcoholconsumedinacratedbeveraesismorereadilyabsorbed,asisalcoholtakenonanemptystomach.
313.UVraysexaminationisdonefor- a)Fadedtattoo b)Bloodsatins c)Hairexamination d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.Fadedtattoo[RefPrinciplesofForensicMedicineandToxicologybyRajeshBardale]Tattoomarkispermanentwhendyepenetratesthedermis.Ultravioletlampmakesoldtattoosreadilyvisible.AfadedtattoomarkbecomesvisiblebyuseofInfraredphotographyorrubbingthepartandexaminingwithmagnifyinglens.
314.Justbeforethebirthwhichepiphysis appears? a)Lowerendoffemur b)Upperendofhumerus c)Lowerendoffibula d)Upperendoftibia CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Lowerendoffemur[RefReddy30/ep.64,65] 1. Atbirthcenterappearsupperendoftibiaandheadofhumerus.2. At2monthsintrauterinelife(IUL)Centerappearsformandible, clavicle,ribs,vertebrae,frontalandparietalbones. 3. At3monthsIULCenterappearsforsacrum.4. At4monthsIULCenterappearsfortemporalandoccipital bones. 5. At5monthsIULCenterappearsforcalcaneum.6. At6monthsIULCenterappearsforsternum.7. At7monthsIUL4Centerappearsfortalus.8. At9monthsIUL/birthCenterappearsforlowerendoffemur.9. AtbirthCenterappearsupperendoftibiaandheadofhumerus.
315.Baseofsphenoidfuseswithoccipitat theageof- a)20years b)30years c)40years d)50years CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,20years[RefDr.AnilAggrarwalp.68]Spheno-occipitistheearliesttofuse(20years).Saggitalsutureobliteratesat30-35years.Coronoid(coronalsuture)obliteratesat35-40years.Lambdoidsutureobliteratesat45-50years.Squamoussutureobliteratesat60years.Spheno-parietalsutureobliteratesat70years.
316.Falseaboutdeclarationofbrainstem deathinhospital- a)Presenceofneurologistisnotrequired b)Drugoverdoseshouldberuledout c)Patientmustbeincoma d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.Presenceofneurologistisnotrequired[RefPrinciplesofForensicMedicine&ToxicologyByRajeshBardalep.134]GuidelinesfordeclarationofbrainstemdeathBraindeathneedstobecertifiedbyaboardofdoctor'sconsistingof:RegisteredMedicalPractioner(RMP)inchargeofhospitalwherebraindeathhasoccurred.AnindependentRMP-aspecialist.ANeurologist/Neurosurgeonnominatedbypanel.RMPtreatingthepatient.Thepatientmustbeexaminedbyteamofdoctorsatleasttricewithareasonablegapoftimeinbetween(atleast6hours).Noneofthedoctor'swhoparticipateindiagnosisofbraindeathshouldhaveanyinterestintransplantationororganremovalfromcadaver.Braindeathcertificatehastobesignedbyallthemembersofboard.DiagnosisofbrainstemdeathdependsuponfollowingfindingsThepatientmustbeindeepcomaandcauseofthecomamustbeirreversiblestructuralbrainstemdamage(i.e.prolongedhypoxia,trauma,illnessortoxicinsult)mustbeestablished.Exclusionofothercausesofcoma:
Hypothermia,Drugoverdoseeg:CNSdepressants(benzodiazepines,barbituratesetc)MetabolicorendocrinedisturbancesIntoxication(alcohol)Demonstratingofabsenceofbrainstemreflexes(Pupillaryreflex,oculovestibularreflex(,cornealreflex,pharyngealandtrachealreflexes.)Nospontaneousrespiration.
317.Timeintervalbetweensomaticand moleculardeathis- a)5-10min b)10-30min c)30-1hr d)1-2hrs CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.1-2hrs[Refe-bookofPostmortemchangesbyDRDRao]Deathofthetissuesandcellsindividually(moleculardeath)takesplaceusually1-2hoursafterstoppageofvitalfunctions(somaticdeath).Moleculardeathofvariousorgansoccuratdifferentintervalsaftersomaticdeath: 1. NervoustissueAfter5minutes.2. Liver-After15minutes.3. Heart-After45minutes.4. Kidney4After1hours.5. MusclesAfter3hours
318.Bishop'stripodoflifeincludesallexcept - a)Respiration b)Circulation c)Spinalcordreflexes d)Brainfunctions CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,SpinalcordreflexesSomaticdeathItisthecompleteandirreversiblestoppageofthecirculation,respirationandbrainfunctions(bishop'stripodoflife).Somaticdeathisassociatedwithimmediatesignsofdeath:? 1. Permanentandcompletecessationoffunctionofbrainandflat electricEEGwithnoresponsetoexternalstimuli;i.e.braindeath. 2. Permanentandcompletecessationoffunctionofheartandflat ECG. 3. Permanentandcompletecessationoffunctionoflungs
319.MTPcanbedonebyasingledoctortill? a)8weeks b)12weeks c)20weeks d)24weeks CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,12weeks[RefDutta6th/ep.174;Park22"/ep.467]TheActprovidessafeguardstothemotherbyauthorizingonlyaRegisteredMedicalPractitionerhavingexperienceingynecologyandobstetricstoperformabortionwherethelengthofpregnancydoesnotexceed12weeks.
320.Forautopsy,stomachisopenthrough- a)Lessersac b)Greatersac c)Greatercurvature d)Lessercurvature CorrectAnswer-CAnsis'c'i.e.Greatercurvature[RefAtlasofAdultAutopsyp.66]Stomachisopenedthroughgreatercurvaturewhichallowstoseelessersac.Dependingontypeofcase,anyofthebodycavitycanbeopenedfirst.Spinalcordisroutinelynotopened.Itisconvenienttostarttheexaminationwiththecavitychieflyaffected.Incasesofdeathduetoasphyxia(especiallyhangingandstrangulation),neckshouldbeopenedlast.Spinalcordcanbeapproachedeitherfromposterior(mostpreferred)oranteriorapproach.Highcervicalspineinjuriesarebestseenbyposteriorandthoracicspinebyanteriorapproach.Bloodforthesampleistakenfromfemoralvein.Thejugularorsubclavianveinscanalsobeused.10-20mlofbloodistakenanditistakenbeforeautopsy.30mlofbloodshouldbepreserved(minimumis10ml).
321.Bacteriamostcommonlyinvolvedin boweldecompositionafterdeathis- a)Streptococcuspyogenes b)Clostridiumwelchii c)Pseudomonasaeruginosa d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Clostridiumwelchii[RefReddy30th/ep.149-152]Boweldecompositionisbroughtaboutbyaerobicandanaerobicbacteriapresentinsmallintestine(e.g.C.welchii,staphylococcus,E.colietc.)whichreleaseenzymes(especiallylipaseandlecithinase)whichactonbodytocausebreakdown.
322.Howmanydaysapersoncanlive withoutfoodandwater? a)1to2days b)2to4days c)5to7days d)10to12days CorrectAnswer-DAns.is.d,10to12days[RefParikh6th/ep.3.74;SKSinghalelep.146]Feelingofintensehungerlastsfor30-48hoursEmaciation&absorptionofsubcutaneousfatbeginstooccurAfter4-5daysNewbornmaysurvivewithoutfood&waterFor7-10daysAdultmaysurvivewithoutfood&water10-12daysIffoodaloneiswithdrawndeathoccursin6-8weeks(50-60days)
323.Negativeautopsyisdefinedas- a)Nocauseofdeathisfoundongrossaswellas histopathologicalexamination b)Causeisapparentongrossexaminationbutnoton histopathologicalexamination c)Grossfindingsareminimal d)Causeisapparentongrossexaminationbutnotfoundbecause ofconstraintsonthepartofdoctor CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Nocauseofdeathisfoundongrossaswellashistopathologicalexamination[RefDr.AnilAggrawalp.124]TypesofautopsyNormalautopsy-causeisapparentfromgrossexaminationDefectiveautopsy-causewasascertainable,butwasnotascertainedduetoconstrainsonthepartofdoctor,hospital,facilitiesetcObscureautopsy-grossfindingsareminimal,indecisiveorobscure,asinadrenalinsufficiency,anestheticoverdose,myxedema,rareplantpoisons,thyrotoxicosisetc.subsequentexaminationlikehistology,microbiology,toxicologyorserologyrevealthecause.Negativeautopsy/inconclusiveautopsy-Causeisnotclearfromgrossaswellassubsequentexaminations.
324.InAdipocere,colorchangeseenis- a)Grayishwhite b)Black c)Brown d)Red CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.Grayishwhite[RefReddy30th/ep.155-156]Adipocereisacrumbly,waxy,water-insolublematerialconsistingmostlyofsaturatedfattyacids.Dependingonwhetheritwasformedfromwhiteorbrownbodyfat,adipocereiseithergrayishwhiteortanincolor.
325.Notafeatureofpostmortemstaining- a)Occurimmediateafterdeath b)Commonindependentpart c)Disappearwithputrefaction d)Marginsaresharp CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Occurimmediateafterdeath[RefReddy30th/ep.141,142]Postmortemstainingisanearlysign(notimmediatesign)ofdeath.Itreferstodiscolorationofskinandinternalorgansafterdeathduetoaccumulationoffluidbloodintonelesscapillariesandsmallveinsofdependentpartofthebody.Itdoesnotappearelevatedabovethesurfacebuthassharplydefined(usuallyhorizontal)margins.Itisanearlysignofdeath.Itstartsatabout1hour,becomesaseriesofmottledpatcheswithin1-3hoursandthesepathcesincreaseinsizetocoalesceinabout3-6hours.After6-12hours,lividityisfullydevelopedandfixed(unchangeable),i.e.primarylividity.Itendswhenputrificationsetsin.Fixationoflividityisduetostagnationofbloodindistendedcapillariesandvenules(notduetocoagulationofblood).
326.Acidinjurycanbedifferentiatedfrom alkaliinjuryby? a)Liquefactivenecrosis b)Acidburnsaremoredangerous c)Perforationismorecommon d)Affectsmorecommonlyesophagus CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.Perforationismorecommon
327.Besttemperatureforputrefactionis- a)0-10C b)10-45C c)45-100C d)100-150C CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,10-45C[RefReddy30th/ep.149-152]Optimumtemperatureforputrefaction10?C-45?C.Putrefactionisthelaststageinresolutionofbodyfromtheinorganictoorganicstateandiscertainsignofdeath.Putrefactionrateinairistwiceascomparedtoinwater,andeighttimeascomparedtoinearth(Casperdictum).Putrefactionisdelayedindeathduetowastingdiseaseanemia,debility,poisoningbycarbolicacid,zincchloride,strychineandchronicheavymetalpoisoning.
328.Chickenfatappearanceisseenin- a)Antemortemwound b)Postmortemwound c)Gunshotinjury d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.Postmortemwound[RefReddy29th/ep.164,168;Parikh6th/ep.4.76]Chickenfatclotisseeninpostmortemwound.Gapingofthewound,presenceofvitalreactionandincreasedserotoninarefeaturesofantemortemwound.
329.Thornappleis? a)Dhatura b)Naxvomika c)Opioid d)Cannabis CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.Dhatura[RefParikh&hiep.10.50-10.51;Essentialsofforensicmedicine-812]Dhatura(thornapple)growsonwastelandalloverindiaandisoftwotypes(i)Dhaturaalbaand(ii)dhaturaniger.Allpartsofplantispoisonous,especiallyseedsandfruits.Activeprinciplesofdhaturaarelevohyoscyamine,hyoscine(scopolamine)andatropine.
330.Homicidalgunshotwoundcanbe differentiatedfromsuicidalgunshotwoundby- a)Multiplegunshotwounds b)Presenceofgunpowderonhand c)Nosignofstruggle d)None CorrectAnswer-AAnsis'a'i.e.MultiplegunshotwoundsFollowingareafewwaystoDifferentiatemurderfromsuicide 1. Whereonthebodytheinjuryoccurred:Ashottothesideofthe head,inthemouth,ortothefrontofthechestisusuallysuicide.Woundslocatedanywhereelsearemostlikelyhomicide. 2. Distanceofgunfromthebody:Mostsuicideshotsareatcontactor nearcontactrange,causingaburnmarkaroundthewoundandleavinggunpowderresidue(whichcanbewipedoff).Atcontactrange,andifthegunisfiredjustaboveabone,suchastheskullorthesternum,astar-likewoundisproduced.Anythingfurtherawayislikelyhomicide. 3. Angleoftheshot:Mostsuicideshotsareangledslightlyupward.4. Numberofshotsfired:Afteroneshot,evenifasuicidevictimisn't dead,hewouldlikelybeunconsciousorphysicallyunabletofireasecondtime.Multipleshotsusuallyindicatehomicide. 5. Presenceofgunpowderresidueonvictimshand:Ifamanshot himself,therewouldbepowderresiduefromunburnedcarbononthehandthatfiredthegun. 6. Shotsthroughclothing:Asuicidevictimwillrarelyshootthrough
clothing.Ifheshootshimselfinthechest,whichisunusual,hewillopenhisshirttoexposetheskin.Shotsthroughclothingsuggesthomicide. 7. History,anote,otherfactors:Ifthevictimleftasuicidenote,orwas knowntohavepersonalproblems,oriftherewasevidenceofdruguseordrinking,suicideislikely. 8. Evidenceofastruggle:Iftherearescratches,cuts,bruises, homicideislikely.
331.Bevelingofskullisseenin- a)Broadendoftheentrypointinbulletinjury b)Narrowendoftheentrypointinbulletinjury c)Exitpointofbullet d)Depressedfractureoftheskull CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Exitpointofbullet[RefParikh6th/ep.4.43]Woundofentranceshowsapunchedin(clean)holeintheoutertable.Coneshapedboneisdetachedfromtheinnertableformingacraterthatislargerthantheholeoftheoutertableandshowsbeveling(slopingsurface).Thus,fromlookingoutside,entrancewoundiscleancutholeandexitwoundisbevelledopening.
332.MickeyFinnis? a)Chloroform b)Methylalcohol c)Chloralhydrate d)Ethyleneglycol CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Chloralhydrate[RefReddy30th/ep.540]Mickeyfinnisacombinationofalcoholandchloralhydrate.
333.MostspecificsignofAntemortemburns is- a)Sootinrespiratorypassage b)Cyanosisoffingernails c)Pugilisticattitude d)Heatruptures CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Sootinrespiratorypassage[Ref:Parikh6thlep.4.152-4.156]Oneofthemostimportantcharacteristicofantemortemburnsisthefindingof'Sootandcarbonparticles'inlarynx,tracheaandmaybeinlungs.A.Specificsigns(whichindicateantemortemburning): 1. SootandCarbonparticlesinrespiratorypassages2. Increasedcarboxyhemoglobin(>5%)inblood3. Signsofvitalreaction4. Signsofinflammation5. Redlineofdemarcation6. Trueblister(vesicle)containingprotein(albumin)andchloride7. Increasedenzymeandsulfhydryl(-SH)group8. Increasedserotorineandhistamine9. Signsofhealingandrepair. B.Non-specificsigns(mayalsooccurinpostmortemburning): 1. Pugilisticattitude2. Heathematoma3. Heatfracture4. Heatruptures.
334.Sexwithcadaveriscalled- a)Necrophilia b)Exhibitionism c)Voveyrism d)Undinism CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Necrophilia[RefNarayanReddy30thiep.394]Necrophilia:Inthiscondition,thereisadesireforsexualintercoursewithdeadbodies.Itissaidtohavesadomasochisticfoundationandthatdecomposition,foulsmellandcoldnessactasstimulants.
335.Smackis- a)Cocaine b)Heroine c)Dhatura d)Cannabis CorrectAnswer-BAnsis'b'i.e.,HeroinHeroin(smackorbrownsugar)isthemostcommonlyabusedopioidand2"mostcommonlyabusedsubstance,afteralcohol.
336.Sexualgratificationbyinflictingpainon partner- a)Sodomy b)Sadism c)Necrophilia d)Bestiality CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Sadism[RefReddy30th/ep.394]Sexualgratificationisobtainedorincreasedfromactsofphysicalcrueltyorinflictionofpainonone'spartner.Itisseenmorecommonlyinmen.Toobtainsexualgratification,thesadistmaybite,beat,whip,producecutsonthevictim,etc
337.Sexualgratificationobtainedbyenemais called- a)Exhibitionism b)Fetichism c)Klismaphillia d)Frotteurism CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.Klismaphillia[RefInternet]Klismaphilia(orklysmaphilia),isaparaphiliainvolvingenjoymentof,andsexualarousalfrom,enemas.
338.Toexaminethevaginalcellsinofthe rapevictimtestusedis- a)Lugol'siodinetest b)Takayamatest c)Florencetest d)Precipitintest CorrectAnswer-AAnsis'a'i.e.Lugol'siodinetest[RefGRaop.301]Lugol'siodinetestItisdoneonthewashingofglanspenis(orfromamoistblottingpaper)ofaccused,whichthenexposedtoiodinevaporsorlugol'siodinesolution.Browncolormeansthetestispositive(on4thday).Browncolorisduetoglycogenpresentinvaginalepithelialcellsofthevictim.
339.Acidusedforforgingsignatureis? a)Sulphuricacid b)Nitricacid c)Carbolicacid d)Oxalicacid CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Oxalicacid[RefParikh6th/ep.8.32-8.34;Reddy'sEssentialsofforensicmedicineandtoxicology27th/ep.468-469]Oxalicacidisusedtoerasewriting,asableachingagentandincalicoprinting
340.Absorptionelutiontechniqueisusedfor - a)Bloodgroupdetection b)Speciesdetection c)Seminalstainexamination d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Bloodgroupdetection[RefParikh6th/ep.7.15-7.18;SKSinghal4'1'1ep.158-162]Forbloodgrouping,followingtestsareused:1)Immunological(serological): 1. absorption-elutiontest,2. absorption-inhibitiontest,3. mixedagglutinationtest,4. latextest. 2)Enzymologicalmethods.3)Latte'scrustmethod.
341.Arrowpoisonis? a)Opium b)Curare c)Cannabis d)Cyanide CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.curare[RefDr.AnilAggrawalp.447]Arrowpoisons? 1. Plantbased-Abrusprecatorius,aconite,calotropis,crotonoil, curare,strychnine,stropanthus. 2. Animalbased-Batracotoxin(BTX).
342.Testtoknowthespeciesfromblood stainis- a)Takayamatest b)Benzidinetest c)Precipitintest d)Teichmann'stest CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Preciptin-test[RefParikh6m/ep.7.15-7.18;S.K.Singhal4'/ep.158-162]Fordetectionofspecies,serological(immunological)testsareused.Thesetestsare: Precipitintest Haemagglutinationinhibitiontest Geldiffusiontest. Doublediffusiontest. Precipitation Latexagglutinationtest. electrophoresis.Isoenzymemethod (enzymologicaltest)
343.Allofthefollowingaretrueforingestion ofacidexcept- a)Theyarehygroscopic b)Coagulateproteins c)Hemoglobintohematin d)Systemicsymptomsaresevere CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.SystemicsymptomsaresevereAcidsfix,destroyanderodethesurfacewithwhichtheycomeincontact.Theymainlyactlocallyby 1. Hygroscopicextractionofwaterfromtissues2. Coagulationofproteins3. Conversionofhemoglobinintohematin. Asarulethereisnoremotesystemicactionwithexceptiontoshock.
344.Papaversemniferummilkexudesfrom? a)Leaf b)Root c)Poppyseed d)Unripecapsule CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Unripecapsule[RefReddy30th/ep.533-534]Opioids(opiates)arederivedfromthepoppyplant.Opiumisthedriedjuiceobtainedbyincisionoftheunripecapsuleofthewhitepoppy,papaversomniferum.Naturalderivativesofopiumaremorphine,heroinandcodeine.
345.Maxdamageisdonebywhichpoison- a)Irritantpoison b)Corrosivepoison c)Alcohol d)Opioid CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Corrosivepoison[RefRajeshBardalep.437]Corrosivesfix,destroyanderodethesurfacewithwhichtheycomeincontact.Thus,theycauseextensivetissuedamage.Irritantsproducelessseverdamagethancorrosivesandproducesymptomssimulatinggastroenteritis.
346.Leasttoxicformofleadis- a)Leadacetate b)Leadoxide c)Leadcarbonate d)Leadsulphide CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Leadsulphide[RefParikh6thlep.9.17-9.20;Reddy30thlep.497-498]Noheavymetalispoisonousinnativeform,exceptlead.Metallicleadandallitssaltsarepoisonous.Theprincipalsaltswhichproducetoxiceffectsare:(1)Leadacetate(sugaroflead),(2)leadcarbonate(safedaorwhitelead),(3)leadchromate,(4)leadmonoxide(lethrage),(5)leadtetraoxide(redlead,vermilion,sindur)and(6)leadsulphide(leasttoxic).
347.Marschtestisdoneforpoisoningwith? a)Lead b)Mercury c)Arsenic d)Nickel CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.Arsenic[RefParikh6thlep.9.9-9.11;Reddy30th/ep.493-494;Essentialsofforensicmedicine-812]Marsh'stestandReinsh'stestwereusedarsenicpoisoning,butareobsoletenow.
348.Whichofthefollowingismostspecific forarsenicpoisoning? a)Redvelvetystomachmucosa b)Blueliningongums c)Tremors d)Anemia CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.Redvelvetystomachmucosa[RefParikh6th/ep.9.9-9.11;Reddy30"`/ep.493-494;Essentialsofforensicmedicine-812]Redvelvetymucosaisatypicalpostmortemfindinginacutearsenicpoisoning.
349.Miscarriageduetonegligenceofdoctor isseenunderwhichIPC? a)Sec310IPC b)Sec311IPC c)Sec312IPC d)Sec314IPC CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Sec312IPCSec312IPCrefersto"causingmiscarriage"ofawomanpregnantwithachild,punishableupto3years,butifsheis"quick"withherchildthepunishmentmayextendto7years.
350.
Accordingtosection82IPCachild'sactisnotconsideredasacrimeifheis- a)<4years b)<7years c)<12years d)<18years CorrectAnswer-BAns.is`b'i.e.,<7years82Achildundertheageofsevenisincapableofcommittinganoffence.Thisissobecauseactionalobedoesnotamounttoguiltunlessifisaccompaniedbyaguiltymind.And,achildofthattenderagecannothaveaguiltymindorcriminalintentionwithwhichtheactisdone.Thispresumption,however,isonlyconfinedtooffensesundertheIPCbutnottootherActs,e.g.,theRailwayAct.
351.DowrydeathisunderwhichIPC? a)IPC304A b)IPC304B c)IPC305A d)IPC305B CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,IPC304B304-BIPC:Dowrydeath:10yearsofimprisonmentwhichcanextendtolife.
352.Lendrumstainisdonefor? a)Airembolism b)Fatembolism c)Amnioticfluidembolism d)None CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Amnioticfluidembolism[RefHandbookofautopsypractise3rdlep.283]AmnioticfluidembolismdiagnosisSectionsoflungsandotherorgansarestainedusingPhloxine-Tartrazine(Lendrumstaining)todetectsquames,AlcianBluetodetectmucin.SudanBlackorOilRedtodetectvernixcaseosa.
353.CrPC26? a)Divisionofoffence b)Divisionofnegligence c)Divisionofmalpractice d)None CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,DivisionofoffenceAccordingtoSec26ofCrPC,1973,OffencesundertheCriminalProcedureCode(hereinafterthe"CrPC")aredividedinto: 1. OffencesunderIndianPenalCode(IPC)(triablebyHC,Sessions Courtandothercourtshowninthe1stScheduletotheCrPC) 2. Offencesunderanyotherlaw(empowersHC,whennocourtis mentionedforanyoffenceunderanylawotherthanIPC,totrysuchoffences)
354.
Whichsectionbelongstomaritalrape? a)375A b)376A c)376B d)375B CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,376A[RefReddy30"Vep.377]MaritalrapeItisforcefulsexualintercoursewithwifewhoislivingseparatelyfromhimunderadecreeofseparation,oranycustomorusagewithoutherconsent.Itispunishablewithimprisonmentupto2yearsprovidedtheageofwifeisnotbelow12years-Section376A,I.P.C.
355.Plantiffisapersonwho? a)Filescaseincivilcourt b)Actsasdefender c)Givesjudgement d)None CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Filescaseincivilcourt[RefInternet]Plaintiffisapersonwhofilesacaseincivilcourt.?
356.DNAfingerprintingcannotbetakenfrom ? a)Saliva b)Tooth c)Buccalmucosa d)Blood CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Tooth[RefParikh6thlep.7.2-7.15]DNAfinger-printing/DNAprofilingIsatechniqueemployedbyforensicscientiststoassistintheidentificationofindividualsbytheirrespectiveDNAprofileitisafoolproofmethodtoconclusivelyfixthepaternity/maternity.Themostdesirablemethodofcollectingareferencesampleistheuseofabuccalswab.Whenthisisnotavailable(e.g.becauseacourtordermaybeneededandnotobtainable)othermethodsmayneedtobeusedtocollectasampleofblood,saliva,semen,orotherappropriatefluidortissuefrompersonalitems(e.g.toothbrush,razor,etc.)orfromstoredsamples(e.g.bankedspermorbiopsytissue)
357.Whichofthefollowingisnotseenin fingerprints? a)Loop b)Circles c)Whorl d)Arch CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Circles[RefReddy30`h/ep.75-76]Classificationoffingerprints:Loops(60-70%)-radial,ulnarWhorls(25-35%)-concentric,spiral,doublespiral,almondshapedArches(6-7%)-plain,tented,exceptionalComposite(1-2%)-centralpocketloops,lateralpocketloops,twinnedloops,accidentalsMostcommontype-Loops.Leastcommontype->Composite.
358.Whichsnakebitecauseshematologic abnormalities? a)Cobra b)Crait c)Viper d)Seasnake CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Viper[RefParikh&Yep.9.44] Hematotoxic VipersMyotoxic Seasnakes Neurotoxic Elapids-cobra,Krait,coral
359.Whatisfirstexternalsignof decompositionofdeadbody- a)Decompositionofliverandintestine b)Greenishdiscolourationoverrightiliacfossa c)Greenishdiscolourationoverdependentparts d)Bloodstainedfrothfrommouth CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Greenishdiscolourationoverrightiliacfossa[RefReddy30th/ep.150-152]Firstexternalsignofputrefaction-Greendiscolorationinrightiliacfossa.FirstinternalsignofputrefactionGreendiscolorationunderliver.Theseareduetoinvolvementofcaecumwhichcontainsmoregasandisfullofbacteria.
360.Blackpapperadultrantis? a)Khesaridal b)Driedpapayaseed c)Finesand d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is`b'i.e.,Driedpapayaseed
361.Invitrouswhatismeasuredfortime sincedeath- a)Sodium b)Potassium c)Proteins d)Chloride CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Potassium[Ref:Reddy30th/ep.139]Postmortemchangesineyeare:LossofcornealreflexOpacityofcornea-corneabecomesopaquein2to4hours.Flaccidityofeyeball-withinminutesafterdeathduetodecreasedintraoculartension.Pupilsaredilatedwithinoneminuteofdeath,pupilsreacttoatropineforaboutonehour.Retina-fragmentationofbloodcolumninretinalvesselsoccurwithinminutestoonehour.Chemicalchange-asteadyriseinthepotassiumvaluesoccurinthevirtoushumorafterdeathupto100times.
362.MostcommondrugabuseinIndia? a)Cannabis b)Amphetamine c)Cocaine d)Heroine CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,HeroinAmongstthegivenoptions,heroinisthemostcommonlyabusedsubstance:Alcohol43.9%Opioids(includingheroin)26%Cannabis11.6%
363.Inhowmanyhoursdoesadeadbody floatinIndiainsummer? a)6hours b)12hours c)24hours d)48hours CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,24hoursTimeoffloatationofdeadbodyindrowiningisordinarily24hoursafterdeathinsummerand2to3daysincoldseason. 1. Thebodyfloatsquickerinsummerduetoearlyputrefaction)2. Itfloatsupsoonerinshalloworsalinewaterbecauseofitshigher specificgravity) 3. Floatationisquickerinpollutedwaterduetoquickerdecomposition)4. Bodiesofwomenandfattypersonsfloatearlierastheyarehighter. Bodiesofthechildrenfloatupearlierasbonesarelighter.
364.EthyleneGlycolantidoteis? a)Barbiturates b)Acetycysteine c)Ferricchloride d)Fomipizole CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Fomipizole[RefReddy30th/ep.533]Antidoteforethyleneglycolpoisoningisfomipizole.
365.Inmedicolegalautopsy,cavitytobe openedfirstis? a)Thoracic b)Abdomen c)Cervical d)Anyoftheabove CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Anyoftheabove[RefReddy30thlep.97]Dependingontypeofcase,anyofthebodycavitycanbeopenedfirst.Spinalcordisroutinelynotopened.Itisconvenienttostarttheexaminationwiththecavitychieflyaffected
366.TrueaboutStabWounds? a)DepthisgreaterthanBreadth b)Breadthisgreaterthandepth c)Lengthisgreaterthanbreadth d)Ithaswoundofentryandexit CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Depthisgreaterthanbreadth[RefReddy30thlep.179]Stab/puncturewoundisaninjurycausedbypointedweaponssuchasdagger,knife,needle,arrow,scissoranditsdepthisthegreatestdimension.
367.Oochronosisisseeninwhichpoisoning ? a)Hydrochloricacid b)Carbolicacid c)Oxalicacid d)Formicacid CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Carbolicacid[RefReddy30th/ep.489]Chroniccarbolicacidpoisoning/phenolmarasmusThepoisoningischaracterisedbyanorexia,weightloss,headache,vertigo,darkurineandpigmentationofskin&sclera.Carbolicacid/Phenolisconvertedintohydroquinone&pyrocatecholinthebodybeforebeingexcretedintheurine.Hydroquinoneerpyrocatecholmaycausepigmentationinthecorneaandvariouscartilages-Oochronosis.Oochronosisiscommonlyassociatedwithalkaptonuria,inwhichhomegentisicacidgetsdepositedincartilages,ligaments&fibroustissues.
368.Marshallstriadisseenin? a)Explosiveinjury b)Gunshotinjury c)Drowninginjury d)None CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Explosiveinjury[Refepository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/19400/Blumenthal_Does(2012).pdj]Marshall'striadincludespunctate-bruises,abrasionsandsmallpunctatelacerationsallofwhicharetypicallyfoundinanexplosivebombblast.
369.Brutonianlinesongumsisseenin poisoningwith? a)Lead b)Mercury c)Mercury d)Zinc CorrectAnswer-A:BAns.is'a>b'i.e.,Lead>Mercury[RefReddy306/ep.497-498]Burtonianlineisblueline,whichisseenonuppergumsinleadpoisoning.Similarblueline(butnotcalledburtonianlineinthesecases)isalsoseeninpoisoningwithMercury(Hg),Copper(Cu),Silver(Ag),bismuth(Bi),andIron(Fe).
370.Cyanideodourisof? a)Rottenegg b)Fish c)Fruity d)Bitteralmond CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Bitteralmond[RefReddy30th/ep.578]OdorsassociatedwithpoisoningGarliklike:Phosphorus,arsenic,zincphosphide,aluminiumphosphide(celphos),arsinegas,tellurium,parathion,malathion,arsenic.Rotteneggs:Hydrogensulphide,mercaptans,disulphiram.Fishyormusty:Zincphosphide.Bitteralmonds:Cyanide,HCN.Acrid:Paraldehyde,chloralhydrate.Burntrope:Cannabis.Kerosenelike:Keroseneandorganophosphates.Phenolicsmell:Carbolicacid.
371.Lafaciessymapthiqueisseenin? a)Hanging b)Strangulation c)Myocardialinsufficiency d)Railwayaccident CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Hanging[RefReddy30th/ep.526]Lafaciessymapthique:eyeonthesideoftheknotinhangingremainsopen,duetooverstretchingofcervicalsympatheticchainoftheneckonthisside.Itoccursinhangingduetopressureofligatureknotonthecervicalsympatheticchain.
372.Victimwaschokedwithmouth&nose coveredwithelbowaroundneck.Itiscalledas? a)Mugging b)Garrotting c)Bansadola d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Mugging[RefReddy30th/ep.321]Mugging:Strangulationiscausedbyholdingtheneckofthevictiminthebendoftheelbow.Garrotting:Thevictimisattackedfrombehind.Thethroatmaybegraspedoraligatureisthrownovertheneck&quicklytightened,bytwistingitwithalever,whichresultsinsuddenlossinconsciousnessandcollapse.Bansdola:onestrongbambooorstickisplacedacrossthebackoftheneck&anotheracrossthefront.Boththeendsaretiedwitharopeduetowhichthevictimissqueezedtodeath
373.Firstaidshouldbegiveninacidcontact ? a)Washwithnormalwatersoap b)Washwithmildalkaliagent c)Washwithstrongalkali d)Refertohighercentre CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Washwithmildalkaliagent[RefReddy30Thlep.485]Themostcriticalaspectofacidburncareistheconstantandprolongedwashingoftheareawithwaterataroomtemperaturetogettheacidoutimmediately.Totryandminimizethedamage,theeffectsofacidshouldbeneutralizedbyapplyingamildalkalisolutiontotheaffectedarea(solutionofsodiumbicarbonateandwater.
374.Frotteruismis? a)Sexualpleasureisobtainedbywitnessingtheactofurination b)Sexualgratificationbyrubbingprivateparts c)Sexualpractiseinvolvingthreepeople d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Sexualgratificationbyrubbingprivateparts[RefReddy30thiep.395]Frotteurism:iscontactwithanotherpersoninordertoobtainsexualgratification.Sexualgratificationbyrubbingprivatepartsagainstafemalebodyincrowd.ItispunishableunderSection290I.P.C.,withfineuptoRs200.
375.Whatactsasbothpoison&antidote? a)CuSO4 b)HgC12 c)Ar203 d)Thalliumarsenate CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,CuSO4[Ref:Reddy30th/ep.500,503]Coppersulphateactsasapoison&anantidoteforphosphoruspoisoning.Coppersulphatewheningestedcausesburningpaininstomachwithcolickyabdominalpain,vomiting.Inseverecases,hemolysis,hemoglobinuria,methemoglobinemia,jaundice,pancreatitis&cramps&convulsions.Deathcanoccurduetohepatic&renalfailure.Itisgiveningastriclavageforphosphorouspoisoningasitcoatstheparticlesofphosphorouswithafilmofcoppersulphidewhichisharmless.
376.Estimatevolumeofringerlactateinfirst 8hrsfor40%burnsin50kgmalewith2?burns? a)8lt b)4lt c)2lt d)6lt CorrectAnswer-BAnswer:B.4ltParklandformulamostcommonlyusedIVfluid-LactatedRinger'sSolutionFluidcalculation4xweightinkgx%TBSAburnGive1/2ofthatvolumeinthefirst8hoursGiveother1/2innext16hoursWarning:Despitetheformulasuggestingcuttingthefluidrateinhalfat8hours,thefluidrateshouldbegraduallyreducedthroughouttheresuscitationtomaintainthetargetedurineoutput,i.e.,donotfollowthesecondpartoftheformulathatsaystoreducetherateat8hours,adjusttheratebasedontheurineoutput.Exampleoffluidcalculation50-kgmanwith40%TBSAburnParklandformula:4x50x40=8,000mlGive1/2infirst8hours=4,000mlinfirst8hoursAdjustfluidratetomaintainurineoutputof50ml/hr
377.Posthumouschildis: a)Childdeliveredafterdeathofbiologicalmother b)Childdeliveredafterdeathofbiologicalfather c)Bornafterdeathofparents d)hasbeenabandonedbyparents CorrectAnswer-BAnswer:B.ChilddeliveredafterdeathofbiologicalfatherAchildbornafterdeathofhis/herbiologicalfather
378.
M'naghtenrulecomesunderwhichsectionofIPC? a)Crpc84 b)Cpc48 c)Ipc84 d)IPC48 CorrectAnswer-CAnswer:C.Ipc84M'naghtenrule(legaltestorrightorwrongtest):Itstatesthatanaccusedpersonisnotlegallyresponsible,ifitisclearlyprovedthatatthetimeofcommittingthecrime,personwassufferingfromsuchadefectofreasonfromabnormalityofmindthathedidn'tknowthenatureandqualityofacthewasdoingorthatwhathewasdoingwaswrongi.e.apersonisnotresponsibleifheisnotofsoundmind.Itisacceptedinindiaaslawofcriminalresponsibilityandisembodiedinsection841PCas-"nothingisanoffencewhichisdonebyaperson,whoatthetimeofdoingit,byreasonofunsoundnessofmindisincapableofknowingthenatureofact,orthatheisdoingwhatiseitherwrongorcontrarytolaw".
379.Bluishdiscolorationofgastricmucosa seeninwhichpoisoning? a)Mercury b)Cadmium c)Amytalsodium d)Arsenic CorrectAnswer-CAnswer:C.Amytalsodium S. Poison Color No.1. Coppersulfate,amytalcapsule Blue 2. Ferroussulfate Green 3. Sulphurichydrochloric/aceticacid Black/charred 4. Nitricacid Yellow 5. Carbolicacid Buff/white 6. Arsenic Whiteparticles 7. Mercury Slate 8. Cresols Brown
380.Musclepain,nephropathycausedby whichmetalpoisoning a)Arsenic b)Cadmium c)Mercury d)Lead CorrectAnswer-AAnswer:A.ArsenicNephropathyiscausedbymostofheavymetals.Musclepainisassociatedwitharsenic.
381.Whichisthefirstorgantoputrefy: a)Brian b)Heart c)Prostate d)Kidney CorrectAnswer-AAnswer:A.BrianTheorderofputrefactionis-earliesttolastlarynx,tracheaStomach,intestineliver,spleenBrain,LungsHeart,KidneyBladder,Uterus/ProstrateSkin,muscles,tendonlastly,bones.)
382.Locardisfamousfor: a)Theoryofexchange b)Fingerprintstudy c)Formulaforestimationofstature d)Systemofpersonalidentificationusingthebodymeasurement CorrectAnswer-AAnswer:A.TheoryofexchangeEdmundlocardisfamousfortheoryofexchange.
383.Whendoesbasiocciputfuseswith basisphenoid? a)18to22 b)22to25 c)14-16 d)12-14 CorrectAnswer-AAnswer:A.18to22Thebasioccipitalfuseswiththebasisphenoidatabout18to21years.
384.Whatisthesmellofmummifiedbody? a)Odourless b)Putrid c)Pungent d)Offensive CorrectAnswer-AAnswer:A.OdourlessAmummywillsmellodourless,thisisbecausetheinternalorgansareremoved(whicharethebiggestfactorsinthedecayprocess)andreplacedwithnatron(whichdriesthemout,preventing'proper'decay).Therestofthebodyisalsodriedusingnatron.
385.Patientpresentedwithproximaltubule proteinuria.Whichmetalislikelytobeassociatedwithit? a)Cadmium b)Mercury c)Gold d)Lead CorrectAnswer-AAnswer:A.CadmiumEarlykidneydamageandproteinuriaseeninpeople,occupationallyorenvironmentallyexposedtocadmium.
386.Whichofthefollowingconstitutional articleisnotrelatedtochildren: a)23 b)21-A c)42 d)24 CorrectAnswer-CAnswer:C.42ConstitutionalGuaranteesthataremeantspecificallyforchildreninclude:Righttofreeandcompulsoryelementaryeducationforallchildreninthe6-14yearagegroup(Article21A)Righttobeprotectedfromanyhazardousemploymenttilltheageof14years(Article24)Righttobeprotectedfrombeingabusedandforcedbyeconomicnecessitytoenteroccupationsunsuitedtotheirageorstrength(Article39(e))Righttoequalopportunitiesandfacilitiestodevelopinahealthymannerandinconditionsoffreedomanddignityandguaranteedprotectionofchildhoodandyouthagainstexploitationandagainstmoralandmaterialabandonment(Article39(f))Righttoearlychildhoodcareandeducationtoallchildrenuntiltheycompletetheageofsixyears(Article45)Besides,ChildrenalsohaverightsasequalcitizensofIndia,justasanyotheradultmaleorfemale:Righttoequality(Article14)Rightagainstdiscrimination(Article15)Righttopersonallibertyanddueprocessoflaw(Article21)
Righttobeingprotectedfrombeingtraffickedandforcedintobondedlabour(Article23)Rightofminoritiesforprotectionoftheirinterests(Article29)Rightofweakersectionsofthepeopletobeprotectedfromsocialinjusticeandallformsofexploitation(Article46)Righttonutritionandstandardoflivingandimprovedpublichealth(Article47)
387.Whichofthestatementregarding Factoryactiscorrect a)Childagelessthan14carryingseriousworkearnmoremoney b)Lessthan14yrnotdoneforfactoryact c)Morethan72hourworkperweek d)Morethan82hoursaweek CorrectAnswer-BAnswer:B-Lessthan14yrnotdoneforfactoryactTheFactoryActprohibitstheemploymentofchildrenbelow14yearsanddeclares15to18yearsasbelongingtotheadolescentgroup.Adolescentsrequirefitnesscertificatepriortoemploymentinajob.Actalsoprescribedamaximum48hoursperweek,notexceeding9Hoursperdaywithatleasthalfhourrestafter5hourcontinuouswork.
388.Whichofthefollowingisthelawonchild sexualabuseinIndia? a)ChildSexualAbusePreventionAct b)ProtectionOfChildrenfromSexualOffencesAct(POCSO) c)ChildWelfareAct d)SexualOffencesAct CorrectAnswer-BAns:B.POSCOActTheProtectionofChildrenfromSexualOffences(POSCO)Act,2012,2019ItisapplicabletothewholeofIndia.Itdefinesachildasanypersonbelowtheageof18yearsandprovidesprotectiontoallchildrenOffencescoveredundertheAct:PenetrativeSexualAssaultAggravatedPenetrativeSexualAssaultSexualAssaultAggravatedSexualAssaultSexualHarassmentoftheChildUseofChildforPornographicPurposes
389.PunishmentofperjurycomesunderIPC section? a)IPC191 b)IPC192 c)IPC193 d)IPC197 CorrectAnswer-CAns:C.IPC193DefinespunishmentforfabricatingfalseevidenceThewitnessisliabletobeprosecutedforperjury,andtheimprisonmentmayextenduptosevenyears.193IPC:punishmentforfalseevidence,(punishmentforperjury):imprisonmentupto7yearsandalsoliableforfineI91IPC:Givingfalseevidence(perjury)underoath.I92IPC:Fabricatingfalseevidence(perjury)THEESSENTIALSOFFORENSICMEDICINEANDTOXICOLOGY-Dr.K.S.NARAYANREDDY33rdedition-pg-13
390.Whencivilnegligenceisbroughtup againstadoctor,theonusofproofliesupon- a)Judicialfirst-degreemagistrate b)Policenotbelowthelevelofsub-inspector c)Doctor d)Patient CorrectAnswer-DAns:D.Patient"Generallyspeaking,itisforthepatientinanactionfornegligencetoestablishtheguiltofthedoctor,whoseinnocenceisotherwiseassumed."-ParikhHowever,incaseswheretheruleofresipsaloquiturisapplied,thepatientneednotprovenegligence.Resipsoloquiturmeansthat"thethingorfactspeaksforitself."Thepatienthastomerelystatewhataccordingtohimwastheactofnegligence.CivilnegligenceWhenapatient(orhisrelative,incaseofpatient'sdeath)filessuitinacivilcourttogetcompensationfromhisdoctorfortheinjuryordeathofthepatientduetodoctor'snegligence.Adoctorfilesacivilsuittogetfeesfromhispatient,whorefusestopayallegingnegligence.Notethat?Evenifadoctorisnegligent,apatientisnotentitledtoanycompensationifnodamagehasoccurred.Anerrorindiagnosisortreatmentisnotnegligenceprovidedpropercareandskillhasbeenexercised.
Contributorynegligenceisnotadefenseincriminalnegligence.(Contributorynegligenceisanynegligenceonthepartofthepatientorhisattendant,whichalongwiththedoctor'snegligence,contributedtotheinjury)CriminalnegligencecasesaredealtwithunderI.P.C.section304A.
391.Relativesofapatienttoldduring postmortemexaminationthatthepersonhadatattoo-whichwasnowinvisible.Howtoidentify? a)ExaminetheLymphnode b)Spectrophotometer c)Ordinarylight d)X-ray CorrectAnswer-AAnswer-A-ExaminetheLymphnodeTattoomarksarepermanentwhendyepenetratesthedermis.Infraredphotographymakesoldtattoosreadilyvisible.Afadedtattoomarkbecomesvisiblebytheuseofultravioletlamp4orrubbingthepartandexaminingwithamagnifyinglens.Marksarerecognizedevenindecomposedbodies(Aret)whentheepidermisisremoved.Lymphnodesnearthetattoomarkshowpigmentdeposition.
392.TrueabouthymeninChildrapeis- a)Hymeneasilytearsbecauseitisthin b)Hymeneasilytearsbecauseitisinthefront c)Hymenhardlytearsbecauseitishighlyelastic d)Hymenhardlytearsbecauseitissituateddeep CorrectAnswer-DAnswer-D-HymenhardlytearsbecauseitissituateddeepThehymenmaynotruptureafterrapeif:PenetrationwasnotfullThehymenistough,fleshyandelasticInayoungchild,fullpenetrationmaynotoccurGautamBiswasReviewofforensicmedicine&Toxicology2/e;pg-332https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/resources/publications/en/guidelines_chap7.pdf
393.Magnan'ssymptomsarerelatedto a)Cocainepoisoning b)Cannabis c)Cannabis d)Alcohol CorrectAnswer-AAnswer:A.CocainepoisoningMagnan'ssignorSymptomisaclinicalsigninwhichpeoplewithcocaineaddictionexperienceparaesthesiawhichfeelslikeaconstantlymovingforeignbodies,(cocainebugs)suchasfinesandorpowder,undertheskin.Itisthemosttactilehallucination.Degenerationofthecentralnervoussystemoccurs,andthepatientmaysufferfromhallucinations,convulsions,delirium,andinsanity.Magnan'ssymptomorcocainebugsischaracteristic,inwhichthereisafeelingasifgrainsofsandarelyingundertheskinorsomesmallinsectsarecreepingontheskingivingrisetoitchingsensation(formication,tactilehallucination)withresultantexcoriation,leadingtoirregularscratchesandulcers.THEESSENTIALSOFFORENSICMEDICINEANDTOXICOLOGYByDr.K.S.NARAYANREDDY33/e-pg-603
394.ParentsoftheChildcomplainsof assaultedbyoneoftheirrelativesandanalpaininachild,Oninvestigationtestshowsyellowiodinecrystalswithpicricacid-whatisthenameofthetest? a)Florencetest b)Barberio'stest c)Acidphosphatasetest d)CreatinePhosphokinase CorrectAnswer-BAnswer:B.Barberio'stestItdetectsspermin(secretedbytheprostate)andusesanaqueousoralcoholicsolutionofpicricacid.Asaturatedaqueousoralcoholicsolutionofpicricacid,whenaddedtothespermaticfluid,producesyellowneedle-shapedrhombiccrystalsofsperminepicrate.Thereactionprobablydependsonthepresenceofprostaticsecretion.TheAcidPhosphataseTest:Theprostaticsecretionelementofseminalfluidcontains500to1000timesgreateracidphosphatasethananyotherbodyfluid.Humanredcells,semenofhigherapes,andjuiceofcauliflowerhaveacidphosphataselevelsimilartothatofhumansemenTHEESSENTIALSOFFORENSICMEDICINEANDTOXICOLOGYByDr.K.S.NARAYANREDDY33/e-pg-434
395.TheMagistratecandetainthemaximum numberofdaysforamentallyillpersonaspermentalhealthcareis a)30days b)90days c)50days d)100days CorrectAnswer-AAns:A.30days*IftheMagistrateissatisfiedthatitisnecessarytodetaintheallegedmentallyillpersoninapsychiatrichospital,hepassesaReceptionOrder(orderforadmissionanddetention),whichisvalidfor30days.Ifheisnotsatisfied,hemayrefusetheapplication,givinghisreasonsinwriting,acopyofwhichissuppliedtotheapplicant.*AdmissionUnderSpecialCircumstance-Amentallyillpersonmaynotbeabletoexpresshiswillingnessforadmissionasavoluntarypatient,Suchpersoncanbeadmittedinapsychiatrichospital(psychiatricnursinghome)foraperiodof90daysifanapplicationismadebyarelativesandfriends
2.Fourcarpalbonesarepresentatwhatage? a)3years b)4years c)5years d)6years CorrectAnswer-B4yearsREF:Parikh6'editionpage2.9Between2to6years,thenumberofcarpalbonespresentonXrayrepresentstheapproximateageinyears,asforexample,fourcarpalbones--4years.
3.Grevioushurtcomesundersection: a)319 b)320 c)324 d)326 CorrectAnswer-B320
4. Magnan'sphenomenonoccursinaddiction of: a)Alcohol b)Cocaine c)LSD d)Opiates CorrectAnswer-BCocaine
5."Last"toputrefyinmaleis: a)Uterus b)Prostate c)Testes d)Liver CorrectAnswer-BProstate
6.Allthefollowingaretrueregardingpseudocyesis,EXCEPT: a)Thepatientsusuallyhaveanintensedesiretohavechildren b)Changeinthebreastmaybepresent c)Theremaybeconsiderableincreaseinthesizeoftheabdomen d)Thelabourpaininvariablycontinuetopersistevenifsheistold thatsheisnotpregnant CorrectAnswer-DPseudocyesisorphantompregnancyisusuallyseeninpatientsnearingmenopauseorinyoungwomenwhointenselydesirechildren.Mostofthemsufferfromsomeformsofpsychicorhormonaldisorder.Theabdomenmaydistendduetodepositionoffat.Thepregnancymayprogresstofulltermandthelabourpainmaystopabruptlywheninformedthatsheisnotpregnant. Ref:TextbookofForensicMedicineandToxicologybyNarayanReddy,Edition21,Page-333
7.Minimumageforgivingconsentfororgan donationinIndiais? a)16years b)18years c)21years d)Noagelimit CorrectAnswer-BAlegalageof18yearshasbeensettoconsentforterminationofpregnancy(MTPAct1971),donationofbloodanddonationoforgans(TransplantationofHumanOrganAct1994). AsperTransplantationofHumanOrgansAct1994"donor"meansanyperson,notlessthaneighteenyearsofage,whovoluntarilyauthorizestheremovalofanyofhisorgansfortherapeuticpurposesundersubsection(1)orsub-section(2)ofsection3.ParentsorGuardiansconsentwillberequiredforanyindividualbelow18yearswishingtodonateanorgan.
8.Chokingischaracteristicofthefollowing weapon: a)Revolver b)Pistol c)Shotgun d)Rifle CorrectAnswer-CThechokinglessenstherateofspreadofshotafteritleavesthemuzzle,increasestheexplosiveforceandincreasesthevelocity.Shotgunshavevariablechokeadapters.Differentdegreesareknownasfull-choke,half-chokeandquarter-chokeorimprovedcylinder.Ref:TheEssentialsofForensicMedicineandToxicologybyKSReddy,27thedition,Page184.
9.Whichofthefollowingismeantbytheterm `SinofGomorrah'? a)Oralsex b)Analsex c)Bestiality d)Lesbianism CorrectAnswer-AOralsexisalsocalledcoitusperosorSinofGomorrahorbuccalcoitus.AccordingtoBiblethesinwascommoninatowncalled:Gomorrah,sothename.ItisincludedinUnnaturalsexualoffencesAct(S.377IPC).Ref:TheEssentialsofForensicMedicineandToxicologybyDr.K.S.NarayanReddy,27thedition,Page365.
10.Disputedmaternitycanbesolvedby usingthefollowingtests,EXCEPT: a)Bloodgrouping b)HLAtyping c)Preciptintest d)DNAfingerprinting CorrectAnswer-CPrecipitintestisanantigen-antibodyreactiontest,usedtodistinguishbetweenspecies.Itusesspeciesspecificantiserum.Itwillnotbeusedfordisputedmaternity. Ref:TextbookofMedicalJurisprudence,ForensicMedicineandToxicologyByParikh,6thEdition,Pages7-21;TheEssentialsofForensicMedicineandToxicologyByKSNarayanReddy,27thEdition,Pages402
11.Postmortemstaininggetsfixedafter: a)2-3hrs. b)3-4hrs. c)5-6hrs.. d)7-8hours CorrectAnswer-DDi.e.7-8hours
12.Trueaboutcadavericspasm: a)Developsimmediatelyafterdeath b)Maydevelophoursafterdeath c)Developsonlyinfacialmuscles d)All CorrectAnswer-AAi.e.Developsimmediatelyafterdeath
13.Adipocereformationisseenin: a)Deadbodyexposedtoair b)Deadbodyburiedindamp,claysoil c)Burialindryhotair d)All CorrectAnswer-BBi.e.Deadbodyburiedindamp,claysoilIdealconditionforadipocereformationarewarm(hot)temperature,moisture(humid)&diminutionofairQe.g.deadbodyimmersedinwaterordampsoilQ
14.HeatRuptureischaracterizedby: a)Regularmargins b)Irregularmargins c)Rupturedbloodvessels d)RupturedRedBloodcells/clottedblood CorrectAnswer-BBi.e.Irregularmargins
15.Emphysemaaquosumisseenin: a)Wetdrowning b)Drydrowning c)Immersionsyndrome d)Secondarydrowning CorrectAnswer-AAi.e.Wetdrowning-Emphysemaaquosumisseeninwet(typical)drowningQwheredrowningfluidcausesalveolarwalldisruption&enterstissue&bloodvessels.Ifdeadbodyisthrownintowater,duetohydrostaticpressurewaterpassesintolungsknownashydrostaticlung.Oedemaaquosum(nocolumnsoffroth)isseenindrowningofunconscious.-ARDS&Fibrosingalveolitisisseeninneardrowningorsecondarydrowningsyndrome.-DryLungisseenindrydrowninginwhichdeathoccursduetolaryngealspasm.-Ifdrowningissurvived,theeventisreferredtoasneardrowning&complicationsasnear(secondary)drowningsyndrome..-InImmersionsyndromedeathresultsfromcardiacarrestduetovagalinhibition.Q
16.Inacaseofhangingneckligaturemarks areexampleof a)Contussion b)Printedabrasion c)Laceration d)Bruise CorrectAnswer-BBi.e.Printedabrasion
17.Incaseofdeathinlockup,theinquestis heldby a)Apoliceofficer b)Magistrate c)Panchayatofficer d)DistrictAttorney CorrectAnswer-BBi.e.Magistrate
18.Whichoffollowingtestsinusedtodetect semen? a)Phenolphthaleintest b)Reine'stest c)Barberio'stest d)Paraffintest CorrectAnswer-CCi.e.Barberio'stest:Barberio'stestisusedforidentificationofseminalstainsFewdropsofbarberio'sreagent(containingpiericacid)areaddedtotheseminalstain.PositivetestisindicatedbyformationofYellowandneedleshapedcrystalsofsperminepicrate.(Spermineinseminalstainreactswithpicricacidtoformthesecrystals)Phenolphthaleintest(Kastle-Meyertest)isusedforidentificationofhaemoglobininbloodstains-Parikh6th/7.16Paraffintest(orDermalnitratetest)isusedtodetectgunpowderonskini.e.todetermineifsuspecthaddischargedafirearm-Parikh6"/7.39Reine'stesthasnotbeenmentionedinforensicliterature Forensicteststodetect Seminal BloodStains Stain -Barberio's -BenzidinetestQ testO-Fluorence -Phenophthalein testQ (Kastle?
testQ (Kastle? -Acid Meyer)testQ phosphatasetestQ -Takayama's -Creatine Haemochromogen phosphatase crystaltest testQ -Elisatest -Teichmann'sHaemincrystaltestQ-Spectroscopic test
19.Transvestismis: a)Wearingclothesofoppositesex b)Touchingonesownprivatepartstoothers c)Desireforsexualintercoursewithdeadbodies d)Orgasmfromvisualisationpartofthebodyofawoman CorrectAnswer-AAi.e.Wearingclothesofoppositesex
20.Paraphiliasareallexcept: a)Bisexuality b)Homosexuality c)Bestiality d)Frottuerism CorrectAnswer-AAi.e.Bisexuality-Abnormal&unorthodoxsexplaybyusingunusalobjectsorpartsofbodyareknownasparaphilliaeg.Sadomasochism,Transvestism,Uranism,Beastality,Fortteurism,Urolangia,Homosexualityetc.-Bisexualitymeanshermaphroditei.e.anindividualwithbothovary&testis&externalgenitalsofbothsexes.
21.Widmark'sformulahelpsinthe measurementsofbloodlevelof: a)Barbiturates b)Cocaine c)Alcohol d)Benzodiazepines CorrectAnswer-CCi.e.Alcohol
22.Postmortemwoundbestdiffersfromthe antemortemwoundby: a)Gapsonincising b)Noclots c)Absenceoferythemaandcellularchanges d)All CorrectAnswer-CCi.e.Absenceoferythema&cellularchange
23.Arsenicpoisoningpresentswith symptomsmimicking a)Cholera b)Dhaturapoisoning c)Barbituratespoisoniong d)Morphinepoisoning CorrectAnswer-AAns:A.)Cholera.ARSENIC?Copperarsenite-sheele'sgreen?Copperacetoarsenite-parisgreen?Permissiblelimitsofarsenicingroundwater-0.05mg/L?Thegastroenterictypeofpoisoningresemblescholera?Greatestquantityisseenin-liver?Redvelvetyappearanceofmucosaofstomach?Mostaffectedpartofthestomach?pylorus?Subendocardialpetechialhemorrhagesoftheventricleistypicalofarsenicpoisoning(alsofoundinphosphorus,barium,mercuryandincasesofheatstrokeandacuteinfectiousdiseasee.g.influenza)?Rigormortislastslongerthanusual,DelaysputrefactionAcutepoisoning?Necrosisofintestinalmucosawithhemorrhagicgastroenteritis?Hypotension,delayedcardiomyopathyChronicpoisoning?AldrichMee'slineonfingernails?Raindroppigmentationonskin(measteslikerash)?Chronicconsumptionofwatercontaininghigharsenicconcentrationsleadtovasospasmandperipheralvascular
insufficiency-blackfootdisease?Diabetes,peripheralneuropathy,gangrene?Cancerofskin,lung,liver(angiosarcoma),bladder,kidney.?Arsenophagists-somepeopletakearsenicdailyastonicoraphrodisiacandacquiretolerance?Chelatingagent-Dimercaprol Arsenicwasusedasmurderweaponsinroyalfamilies,andcalledas"thepoisonofkingsandkingofpoisons"
24.AmylNitrateisusedasanantidote in...poisoning: a)CO2 b)CO c)Cyanide d)Nitricacid CorrectAnswer-CCi.e.Cyanide
25.Meaningoftermvitriolageis: a)Usingvitriolforsuicide b)Usingvitriolformurder c)Vitriolthrowing d)PerforationofstomachcausedbyH2SO4 CorrectAnswer-CCi.e.VitriolthrowingVitriolage(Vitriolthrowing)isthrowingofanycorrosive,notnecessarilysulphuricacid(H2SO4)onanotherpersonQ.Eyesarethemostaffectedorgans.
26.BestmethodoftreatmentofMethyl alcoholpoisoningis: a)Calciumgluconate b)Ethylalcohol c)Amphetamines d)1%Ammonia CorrectAnswer-BBi.e.Ethylalcohol
27.Charasis: a)LeavesofCannabisIndica b)FlowersofCannabisIndica c)StemofCannabisIndica d)ResinexudateofCannabisIndica CorrectAnswer-DDi.e.ResinexudatesofcannabisIndica
28.Trueaboutstrychninepoisoningis: a)Allmusclesaffectedatthesametime b)Shouldergirdleaffectedfirst c)Pelvicgirdleaffectedfirst d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAi.e.Allmusclesaffectedatsametime
29.Nuxvomicaseedscontain2alkaloids, strychnineand: a)Hyoscine b)Hyoscyamine c)Brucine d)Atropine CorrectAnswer-CCi.e.Brucine
30.Aseasnakeis: a)Neurotoxic b)Hemotoxic c)Musculotoxic d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-CCi.e.Musculotoxic
31.Notagrievousinjury: September2005 a)Multiplescarsofface b)Fractureoffemur c)Emasculation d)Contusionofbreast CorrectAnswer-DAns.D:ContusionofbreastSec320IPC:anyofthefollowinginjuresaregrievous?EmasculationPermanentprivationofsightoreithereyePermanentprivationofHearingoreitherearPermanentprivationofanymemberorjointPermanentdisfigurationoftheheadorfaceDestructionorpermanentimpairingofthepowerofanymemberorjointFractureordislocationofaboneortoothAnyhurtswhichendangerslife,orwhichcausesthevictimtobeinseverebodilypainorunabletofollowhisordinarypursuitsforaperiodoftwentydays
32.Policeinquestisrequiredinallexcept: b)Accidentaldeath c)Dowrydeath d)Murder CorrectAnswer-CAns.C:DowrydeathInpoliceinquest,sub-inspectororofficerinchargeofthepolicestationconductstheinquestinsuicide,murder,accidentaldeathsordeathundersuspiciouscircumstances.Magistrateinquestisdonein:CustodialdeathDeathduetopolicefiringDeathinprisonDeathinapsychiatrichospitalDowrydeathsExhumationIndowrydeaths,inquestshouldbecarriedoutbyamagistrateorpoliceofficer,notbelowtherankofdeputysuperintendentofpolice.
33.Braindeathissaidtooccurifthere is:March2008 a)Absentspinalreflexes b)Corticaldeathfollowingwidespreadbraininjury c)Absenceofbrainstemreflexes d)Coretemperatureofthebodyisbelow35degreeC CorrectAnswer-CAns.C:AbsenceofbrainstemreflexesBrainstemisresponsiblefortherespiratorydriveandmostlyforthemaintenanceofBP.Allmotoroutputsfromthebraintravelthroughthebrainstem.Apartfromsmellandvision.Allsensorytrafficcomingintothebraincomesthroughthebrainstem.Thebrainstemalsomediatesthecranialnervereflexes.Henceaproperlyfunctioningbrainstemisapreconditionforfullconsciousness.Irreversiblebraindamageandlossofbrainfunction,isevidencedbycessationofbreathingandothervitalreflexes(mediatedbybrainstem),unresponsivenesstostimuli,absenceofmuscleactivity,andaflatelectroencephalogramforaspecificlengthoftime.
34.Firstpermanentteethtoeruptis: September2008 a)Firstpremolar b)Secondpremolar c)Firstmolar d)Secondmolar CorrectAnswer-CAns.C:FirstmolarAttheageofabout6-7year,firstpermanentmolarteetheruptsbehindthesecondtemporarymolar.Attheageof9,thereare12permanentteeths.Attheageof11,thereare20permanentteethsAttheageof14,thereare28permanentteeths
35.Rigormortisoccursdueto: September2008 a)Muscleofthebodybegantorelax b)Capillo-venousdistensioninthemostdependentbodyparts c)Muscleofthebodybegantostiffen d)Mummificationofthebodytissues CorrectAnswer-CAns.C:MuscleofthebodybegantostiffenAfewhoursafterthedeath,thejointsofthebodystiffenandbecomelockedinplace.Thisstiffeningiscalledrigormortis.Dependingontemperatureandotherconditions,rigormortislastsapproximately24-48hoursinwinterand18-36hoursinsummer.Thephenomenoniscausedbytheskeletalmusclespartiallycontracting.Themusclesareunabletorelax,sothejointsbecomefixedinplaceRigormortiscanbeusedtohelpestimatetimeofdeath.Theonsetofrigormortismayrangefrom1-2hours,dependingonfactorsincludingtemperature(rapidcoolingofabodycaninhibitrigormortis,butitoccursuponthawing).Maximumstiffnessisreachedaround12-24hourspostmortem.Itfirststartsininvoluntarymuscles(myocardium)Eyelids,neckandjawmusclesareaffectedfirst,withtherigorthenspreadingtootherpartsofthebody.Thejointsarestiffbutaftersometimegeneraltissuedecayandleakingoflysosomalintracellulardigestiveenzymeswillcausethemusclestorelax.
36.Bestmethodformethanolpoisoning treatment:March2007 a)Ethanol b)Calciumgluconate c)Desferroxamine d)BAL CorrectAnswer-AAns.A:EthanolWhenmetabolizedbyhepaticalcoholandaldehydedehydrogenase,methanolformsformaldehydeandformicacid,bothofwhicharetoxic.Formicacidistheprimarytoxinthataccountsforthemajorityoftheaniongap,metabolicacidosis,andoculartoxicity.Formicacidinhibitscytochromeoxidaseinthefundusoftheeye.Swellingofaxonsintheopticdiscandedemaresultinvisualimpairment.Degradationofformicacidisfolatedependent.Thus,ifafolate-deficientpersoningestsethanol,toxicitymaybemoresevereduetotheincreasedaccumulationofformicacid.Approximately90-95%ofmethanolmetabolismoccursintheliver,while5-10%isexcretedunchangedthroughthelungsandkidneys.Methanolisprimarilymetabolizedbyalcoholandaldehydedehydrogenase.Formaldehydehasashorthalf-life,lastingonlyminutes.Formicacidismetabolizedmuchmoreslowly,anditbioaccumulateswithsignificantmethanolingestion.PhysicalSignOcularphysicalfindingsincludesluggishlyreactiveorfixedand
dilatedpupils.RetinaledemaorhyperemiaEdemaoftheopticdiscmaybeseen.Opticatrophymayappearinlatestages(permanentblindness).CNSsignsincludelethargyandconfusion.Respiratorysignsincludedyspnea(rarecases)orevenKussmaulrespiration,despiteacidosis.Cardiacsigns(e.g.,hypotension,bradycardia)arelatesignsassociatedwithapoorprognosis.LabstudiesMethanolconcentration:Thisstudyconfirmsingestionandhelpsguidetreatment.Rememberthatlowserumconcentrationdonotruleoutsignificanttoxicity;latepresentersmayhavelowmethanolconcentrationsbutelevatedformicacidlevelsandsevereclinicaltoxicity(e.g.,severemetabolicacidosis,blindness,coma).TreatmentSupportivemeasuresAttemptedcorrectionofacidosisusingsodiumbicarbonateisindicatedifpHislessthan7.20.AnalkalemicpHmakesitmorelikelythatformicacidwillexistasitsanion(formate),whichcannotaccesstheCNSandopticnerveasreadily.Administerfolicacidforseveraldaystopotentiatethefolate-dependentmetabolismofformicacidtocarbondioxideandwater.Ethanolinfusionisrecommended:Ethanolisacompetitiveinhibitorofalcoholdehydrogenaseand,thereby,impairsthemetabolismofmethanolandethyleneglycol.Ethanolhas10-20timesgreateraffinityforalcoholdehydrogenasethanmethanoldoes.Plasmaformateconcentrationisofprognosticvalue
37.Gastriclavageiscontraindicatedinwhich ofthefollowing:September2010 a)Arsenicpoisoning b)Kerosenepoisoning c)OrganophosphorusPoisoning d)Dhaturapoisoning CorrectAnswer-BAns.B:KerosenePoisoningLavageiscontraindicatedwhenpatientshaveacompromised,unprotectedairwayandinpatientsatriskofgastrointestinalhemorrhageorperforation.Relativecontraindicationsincludewhenthepoisoningisduetoacorrosivesubstance,hydrocarbons,orforpoisonsthathaveaneffectiveantidote.
38.Whichofthefollowingpoisoningpresents withabdominalpain,diarrhea,Meeslineonnailsandmyelosuppression:September2011 a)Lead b)Arsenic c)Alcohol d)Mercury CorrectAnswer-BAns.B:ArsenicInchronicarsenicpoisoning,aclassicalstateofillhealthresultsarerepresentedby4stages.Firststageofnutritionalandgastrointestinaldisturbances(diarrhoeaiscommon)Thirdstage(ofskinrashes)showswhitebandsknownasMeeslinecrossingthenailoffingersandtoesInadditiontothis,theremaybeevidenceofliverdamage,kidneydamageandbonemarrowdepressionatsomestageArsenicpoisoningIncreasedlevelsoftheelementarsenicinthebody.Arsenicinterfereswithcellularlongevitybyallostericinhibitionofanessentialmetabolicenzyme.Symptomsofarsenicpoisoningincludeheadache,confusion,convulsion,diarrhea,vomiting,andinseverecasecomaanddeathRoutesofexposureincludecontaminatedwater,air,andfood.Occupationalexposuretoarsenicmayoccurwithcopperorleadsmeltingandwoodtreatmentandamongworkersinvolvedintheproductionorapplicationofpesticides
Symptomsofarsenicpoisoningbeginwithheadaches,confusion,severediarrhea,anddrowsiness.Asthepoisoningdevelops,convulsionsandchangesinfingernailpigmentationcalledleukonychiamayoccur.Whenthepoisoningbecomesacute,symptomsmayincludediarrhea,vomiting,bloodintheurine,crampingmuscles,hairloss,stomachpain,andmoreconvulsions.Theorgansofthebodythatareusuallyaffectedbyarsenicpoisoningarethelungs,skin,kidneys,andliver.Chronicarsenicexposurecanremaininthebodysystemsforalongerperiodoftimethanashortertermormoreisolatedexposureandcanbedetectedinalongertimeframeaftertheintroductionofthearsenic,importantintryingtodeterminethesourceoftheexposure.Hairisapotentialbioindicatorforarsenicexposureduetoitsabilitytostoretraceelementsfromblood.Incorporatedelementsmaintaintheirpositionduringgrowthofhair.Thusforatemporalestimationofexposure,anassayofhaircompositionneedstobecarriedoutwithasinglehairwhichisnotpossiblewitholdertechniquesrequiringhomogenizationanddissolutionofseveralstrandsofhair.ThistypeofbiomonitoringhasbeenachievedwithnewermicroanalyticaltechniqueslikeSynchrotonradiationbasedXrayfluorescence(SXRF)spectroscopyandMicroparticleinducedXrayemission(PIXE).Dimercaprolanddimercaptosuccinicacidarechelatingagentswhichsequesterthearsenicawayfrombloodproteinsandareusedintreatingacutearsenicpoisoning.Themostimportantsideeffectishypertension.Dimercaprolisconsiderablymoretoxicthansuccimer
39.Contributorynegligenceisnegligencedue to:NEET13 a)Doctoronly b)Patientonly c)Bothdoctorandpatient d)Hospitaladministratoranddoctor CorrectAnswer-CAns.Bothdoctorandpatient
40.Policeinquestisdoneinall,except: NEET13,14 a)Suicidaldeath b)Homicidaldeath c)Dowrydeath d)Deathbyanimals CorrectAnswer-CAns.Dowrydeath
41.Incriminalcases,conductmoneyispaid by:NEET13 a)Court b)Oppositeparty c)Judge d)Noconductmoneyisgiven CorrectAnswer-DAns.Noconductmoneyisgiven
42.IPC197isrelatedto: NEET14 a)Causingdisappearanceofevidence b)Issuingfalsecertificatebydoctor c)Givingfalseevidence d)bandcboth CorrectAnswer-BAns.B.)IssuingfalsecertificatebydoctorI.P.C197,Issuingorsigningfalsecertificate.IPCsrelatedtoMedicalPractice:
43.Dyingdeclarationisa: MAHE10 a)Circumstantialevidence b)Oralevidence c)Documentaryevidence d)Hearsayevidence CorrectAnswer-CAns.Documentaryevidence
44.Oralevidenceismoreimportantthan writtentestimonyas:NEET13 a)Oralevidencecannotbecross-examined b)Oralevidencecanbecross-examined c)Documentaryevidencerequiresnoproof d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.Oralevidencecanbecross-examined
45.Cruralindexis: a)Lengthoftibia/femurx100 b)Lengthofradius/humerusx100 c)Lengthoffibula/tibiax100 d)Lengthofradius/ulnax100 CorrectAnswer-AAns.Lengthoftibia/femurx100
46.Fourcarpalbonesarepresentatwhat age:DNB09 a)3years b)4years c)5years d)6years CorrectAnswer-BAns.4years
47.Cornealtattooingmaybedonewith: a)Goldchloride b)Calciumchloride c)Coppersulfate d)Potassiumpermanganate CorrectAnswer-AAns.Goldchloride
48.Methodofidentificationusinglips: a)Dactylography b)Poroscopy c)Cheiloscopy d)Tricology CorrectAnswer-CAns.Cheiloscopy
49.Postmortemcaloricityisseeninall, except:AP06;Bihar12;BHU12 a)Burns b)Sunstroke c)Tetanus d)Septicemia CorrectAnswer-AAns.Burns
50.Elderlyindividuallivingaloneina temperatezoneisfounddeadonemorning.Theelectricheaterisfoundtobedamaged.Therigormortiswillsetin:NEET14 a)Earlierthanexpected b)Laterthanexpected c)Willnotsetin d)Willsetinasexpected CorrectAnswer-AAns.Earlierthanexpected
51.Foamyliverisseenin: TN08;UP08;NIMS11;NEET13 a)Arsenicpoisoning b)Electrocution c)Hanging d)Putrefaction CorrectAnswer-DAns.Putrefaction
52.Lastorgantoputrefyinfemalesis: BHU12 a)Kidney b)Uterus c)Brain d)Spleen CorrectAnswer-BAns.Uterus
53.Followingismostsuggestiveof antemortemhanging:DNB09 a)Salivarydribbling b)Congestionoflungs c)Ligaturemarks d)Petechialhemorrhages CorrectAnswer-AAns.Salivarydribbling
54.Bansdolaisaformofstrangulationby: NEET14 a)Ligature b)Hands c)Woodensticks d)Bendofelbow CorrectAnswer-CAns.C.WoodensticksDependinguponthemethodusedtoconstricttheneck,strangulationcanbedividedinto:Ligaturestrangulation:*Neckiscompressedbyaligatureofwhichusuallymultipleroundsaregivenandnoknotistied.Throttling(manualstrangulation):*Neckiscompressedbyoneorbothhands.*Whenneckiscompressedbytwopalms,itisknownaspalmarstrangulation.Bansdola:*Compressionofneckwithoneortwowoodensticksorbamboo.Garrotting:*Itiscompressionofneckbyaropethrownfrombehind.Spanishwindlassisatypeofgarrotting,whichusedtobetheofficialmodeofexecutioninspain.Inthis,anironcoloraroundtheneckwastightenedbyascrewforstrangulation.Mugging(chokehold):*Itiscompressionofneckbyforearmorinthebendofelbow.Strangulationbyknee/foot:*Inthis,neckiscompressedbykneeorfoot.
55.Hyoidbonefracturedoesnotoccurin: NEET14 a)Hanging b)Strangulation c)Throttling d)Choking CorrectAnswer-DAns.Choking[RefParikh61Vep.3.24]Itisverysimplequestion.Hyoidfracturewilloccuronlywhenthereispressureonhyoid(neck)fromoutside.Inchoking,thereisnopressureonhyoid.Fractureofhyoid:Throttling(manualstrangulation)>ligaturestrangulation>Hanging.
56.Burkingincludes: NEET13 a)Choking b)Ligature c)Overlaying d)Traumaticasphyxia CorrectAnswer-DAns.Traumaticasphyxia
57.Causeofdeathfordrowningincold water:NEET13 a)Vagalinhibition b)Asphyxia c)Lossofconsciousness d)Ventricularfibrillation CorrectAnswer-AAns.Vagalinhibition
58.Bestindicatorofantemortemdrowningis: Delhi07;TN11 a)Frothinnostrils b)Cutisanserina c)Washerwoman'shand d)Waterinstomach CorrectAnswer-AAns.Frothinnostrils
59.Ectopicbruiseismostcommonlyseenin: NEET13 a)Leg b)Eye c)Pinna d)Scalp CorrectAnswer-BAns.Eye
60.Blackeningofeyemostcommonbecause of:NEET13 a)Frictionabrasion b)Patternedabrasion c)Imprintabrasion d)Contusion CorrectAnswer-DAns.Contusion
61.Incisedlookinglacerationisseeninall, exceptAFMC11;NEET13 a)Iliaccrest b)Zygomaticbone c)Shin d)Chest CorrectAnswer-DAns.Chest
62.Shotgundoesnotcontainuse: NEET13 a)Barrel b)Chokebore c)Bullets d)Muzzle CorrectAnswer-CAns.Bullets
63.Dirtcollarorgreasecollarisseenin: NEET13 a)Puncturedwoundbysharpweapon b)Laceratedwound c)Firearmentrywound d)Stabwound e)None CorrectAnswer-CAns.FirearmentrywoundSmudgering/Leadring/Greasecollar/DirtcollarThisisduetothewipeofthesoftmetalofthebullet,ordirtpresentonit,orgreasecarriedfromthebarrel&isdepositedroundtheentrancewoundinternaltotheabradedcollarThesmudgeringmaythereforebeabsentwhenthejacketedbullethaspassedthroughclothingThesmudgingincaseofleadshotorunjacketedbulletscanbedetectedmicrochemicallyonthetarget(skin/cloth)Theforensicvalueofbulletwipeistoestablishaholeasabullethole,todeterminetheentrysite,&onoccasionthesequenceofshotsorbullet'spassagethroughmultipleobjects.
64.Kennedyphenomenonisseenin: NEET13 a)Roadtrafficaccident b)Gunshotinjury c)Burns d)Contusion CorrectAnswer-BAns.Gunshotinjury
65.Gunshotresidueonhandscanbe detectedby:DNB10;NEET13 a)Phenolphthaleintest b)Dermalnitratetest c)Benzidinetest d)H2activationtest CorrectAnswer-BAns.Dermalnitratetest
66.Hingefractureis: a)Depressedfracture b)Suturalfracture c)Orbitalfracture d)Basilarfracture CorrectAnswer-DAns.Basilarfracture
67.Mostcommonlocationofhypertensive intracranialhemorrhageis:AI06;NIMHANS08;DNB10;WB11 a)Subarachnoidspace b)Basalganglia c)Cerebellum d)Brainstem CorrectAnswer-BAns.BasalgangliaThemostcommonsitesforhypertensiveintracranialhemorrhageare: ?Basalganglia(putamen,thalamusandadjacentdeepwhitematter)?Deepcerebellum?Pons Soamongtheoptionsprovidedbasalgangliaisthesinglebestanswerofchoice.Ref:Harrison'sPrinciplesofInternalMedicine,16thEdition,Pages2390-92.
68.Mostcommonorganinjuredin penetratinginjuryoftheabdomen: a)Liver b)Spleen c)Smallbowel d)noneofthese CorrectAnswer-CAns-C-SmallBowelThemostcommoncauseisastaborgunshot.Themostcommonorgansinjuredarethesmallbowel(50%),largebowel(40%),liver(30%),andintra-abdominalvascular(25%).Whentheinjuryiscloserange,thereismorekineticenergythanthoseinjuriessustainedfromadistance.Eventhoughmostgunshotwoundstypicallyhavealinearprojection,thehigh-energywoundsareassociatedwithunpredictableinjuries.Theremayalsobesecondarymissileinjuriesfromboneorbulletfragments.Stabwoundsthatpenetratetheabdominalwallaredifficulttoassess.
69.Colorofpostmortemlividityin hypothermicdeaths:NEET13 a)Purple b)Deepred c)Cherryred d)Brightpink CorrectAnswer-DAns.Brightpink
70.Miner'scrampsarealsocalled: NEET13 a)Heatcollapse b)Heatcramps c)Sunstroke d)Heatexhaustion CorrectAnswer-BAns.Heatcramps
71.Trueaboutheathematoma: PGI12 a)Insidethebrain b)Betweenskullandduramater c)Betweenskullandpericranium d)Betweenscalpandpericranium CorrectAnswer-BAns.Betweenskullandduramater
72.Filigreeburnoccurin: FMGE09;NJI10;JIPMER11 a)Lightning b)Electrocution c)Vitriolage d)Infanticide CorrectAnswer-AAns.Lightning
73.Organsfirsttobeinjuredinairblast: NEET13 a)Ear,lung b)Kidney,spleen c)Pancreas,duodenum d)Liver,muscle CorrectAnswer-AAns.Ear,lung
74.Ifawomanisassaultedbyherhusband thenheischargedunder:FMGE11 a)Sec.498-AIPC b)Sec.304-AIPC c)Sec.304-BIPC d)Sec.504IPC CorrectAnswer-AAns.Sec.498-AIPC
75.AllsectionsofIPCarerelatedtogrievous hurt,except a)Sec.320 b)Sec.331 c)Sec.326 d)Sec.319 CorrectAnswer-DAns.d.Sec.319319.Hurt.--Whoevercausesbodilypain,diseaseorinfirmitytoanypersonissaidtocausehurt.Itisoftwotypes:i.Simpleandii.GrievousSec-319-->DefinesHurt.--Whoevercausesbodilypain,diseaseorinfirmitytoanypersonissaidtocausehurt.Sec-320-->Definesthegrievoushurtandcomprisesof8clausesSec-326-->Voluntarilycausinggrievoushurtbydangerousweapons/means,fine/punishmentupto10years.Sec331-->Voluntarilycausinggrievoushurttoextortconfession,ortocompelrestorationoftheproperty.shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
76.Trueaboutreactionaryhemorrhage followingsurgery:UP10 a)Hemorrhageoccurringwithin48h b)Hemorrhageoccurringwithin36h c)Hemorrhageoccurringwithin24h d)Hemorrhageoccurringduringsurgery CorrectAnswer-CAns.Hemorrhageoccurringwithin24hHemorrhageaccordingtotheTimeofappearancecanbeclassifiedasbelowsPrimaryhemorrhageIsonewhichoccuratthetimeofinjuryoroperation.ReactionaryhemorrhageInmajorityofcasesreactionaryoccurwithin4to6hours.Suchbleedingmayalsooccurdueto:RestlessnessCoughingVomitingwithraisesthevenouspressureSecondaryhemorrhageThisoccursusuallyafter7to14daysofinjuryoroperation.Thisisusuallyduetoinfectionandsloughingofapartofthearterialwall.
77.Ina3monthfetus,characteristicfeature seenis:NEET13 a)Nailsarevisible b)Limbswellformed c)Anusisseenasdarkspot d)Meconiumisfoundinduodenum CorrectAnswer-AAns.Nailsarevisible
78.Miscarriageispunishableunderwhich IPC:AIIMS13;NEET14 a)Sec320IPC b)Sec311IPC c)Sec312IPC d)Sec314IPC CorrectAnswer-CAns.Sec312IPC
79.Gestationalsaccanbeseenusing ultrasonographyattheearliestby:Gujarat07 a)3rdweek b)4thweek c)5thweek d)8thweek CorrectAnswer-CAns.5thweekThegestationalsaccanbevisualizedasearlyas41/2weeksbytransvaginalUSGand5weeksbytransabdominalUSG.
80.Insexualassaultofachild,thehymenis usuallynotruptureddueto:NEET13 a)Deepseated b)Underdeveloped c)Tootoughtorupture d)Distensible CorrectAnswer-AAns.Deepseated
81.Irresistiblesexualdesireinamaleis knownas:AIIMS08 a)Nymphomania b)Tribadism c)Satyriasis d)Sadism CorrectAnswer-CAns.SatyriasisSatyriasisisexcessivesexualdesireinmalewhereheenjoyshavingmultiplesexualpartnersordesiresexcessivesexualactivity.Thefemale-specifictermforthesameconditionisNymphomania.Afetishisanabnormalstimulusorobjectofsexualdesire.Fetishismmeanstheuseofsuchobjectsofsexualgratificationleadingtoorgasm.Forexmapleunderclothing,brassiere,petticoat,stocking,shoes,etc.Frotteurism:Sexualsatisfactionisobtainedbyrubbingagainstpersonsincrowd.Iftheyattemptintercourse,theyhaveaprematureejaculationortheyareimpotent.Itisanuncommonperversionandrarelyoccursalone
82.Masochismmeans: TN09 a)Sexualintercoursewithdeadbody b)Sexualpleasurebycontactwitharticlesofoppositesex c)Sexualpleasurebysufferingofpain d)Sexualpleasurebyself-stimulation CorrectAnswer-CAns.Sexualpleasurebysufferingofpain
83.Erotomaniaisseenin: NEET13 a)Bipolarmania b)Unipolarmania c)Neurosis d)Obsessivecompulsivedisorder CorrectAnswer-AAns.Bipolarmania
84.Typeofschizophreniawithmental retardation:NEET13 a)Von-Goghsyndrome b)Paranoidschizophrenia c)Catatonicschizophrenia d)Pfropfschizophrenia CorrectAnswer-DAns.Pfropfschizophrenia
85.Hydrogenperoxideisusedinallofthe followingchemicaltestsforbloodexcept:NEET13 a)Benzidinetest b)KastleMayertest c)Orthotoludinetest d)Teichmanntest CorrectAnswer-DAns.Teichmanntest
86.Fatheroftoxicology is:NEET13 a)Paracelsus b)Galen c)Galton d)Orfila CorrectAnswer-AParacelsusiscalledfatheroftoxicology.Mathieuorfilaisthoughtofasfatherofmoderntoxicology
87.Tetanyiscausedbypoisoningwith: NEET13 a)Oxalicacid b)Carbolicacid c)Sulphuricacid d)Nitricacid CorrectAnswer-AAns.Oxalicacid
88.Chronicarsenicpoisoningdoesnot cause:NEET13,15 a)Mixedsensoryandmotorneuropathy b)Mesothelioma c)Hyperkeratosisofskin d)Anemia CorrectAnswer-BAns.Mesothelioma
89.Bariumcarbonatepoisoning causes:NEET13 a)Respiratorydistress b)Gastrointestinalirritation c)Muscularweakness d)Cyanosis CorrectAnswer-CAns.Muscularweakness
90.Opiumisderivedfrom: NEET13 a)Leaf b)Root c)Poppyseed d)Unripecapsule CorrectAnswer-DAns.Unripecapsule
91.Ethyleneglycolwheningestedaffects kidneybyforming:NEET13 a)Formaldehyde b)Oxalates c)Phytates d)Phosphates CorrectAnswer-BAns.Oxalates
92.Mutteringdeliriumisseenwith: NEET13 a)Ricinus b)Dhatura c)Cocaine d)Aconite CorrectAnswer-BAns.Dhatura
93.Instrychnosnuxvomicapoisoning, patient:NEET13 a)Becomesunconsciousimmediately b)Becomesunconsciousin1horso c)Becomesunconsciousatendstage d)Remainsconsciousthroughout CorrectAnswer-DAns.Remainsconsciousthroughout
94.Innuxvomicapoisoning,posture commonlyassumedbythespineis:NEET13 a)Opisthotonus b)Emprosthotonus c)Pleurosthotonus d)BandC CorrectAnswer-AAns.Opisthotonus
95.Antidoteforstrychninepoisoning is:NEET13 a)Fomepizole b)Physotigmine c)Barbiturates d)Naloxone CorrectAnswer-CAns.Barbiturates
96.Mechanismofcyanidepoisoningisby inhibiting:NEET13 a)DNAsynthesis b)Cytochromeoxidase c)Proteinbreakdown d)Proteinsynthesis CorrectAnswer-BAns.Cytochromeoxidase
97.InCOpoisoning,immediateemergency treatment:Jharkhand10 a)5%CO2inhalation b)10%CO2inhalation c)HighflowO2 d)Nitroglycerine CorrectAnswer-CAns.HighflowO2
98.Notacontactpoison: MAHE14 a)Pyrethrum b)Parisgreen c)Rotenone d)Eucalyptusoil CorrectAnswer-AAns.is.A.Pyrethrum
99.Oximesarecontraindicatedinwhich poisoning:NEET13 a)Malathion b)Diazinon c)Phorate d)Carbamate CorrectAnswer-DAns.Carbamate
100.Treatmentofacutealcohol withdrawal:Punjab09 a)Diazepam b)Bupropion c)Disulfiram d)Acamprosate CorrectAnswer-AAns.Diazepam
101.Allaretrueofopioidwithdrawal,except: NIMHANS10;PGI14 a)Yawning b)Hallucinations c)Lacrimation d)Piloerection CorrectAnswer-BAns.Hallucinations
102.Amotivationalsyndromeisseenwith: Maharashtra10;NEET13 a)Heroin b)Cannabis c)Cocaine d)Clonidine CorrectAnswer-BAns.Cannabis
103.Toxinresponsibleforepidemicdropsy: AIIMS07;UP09;PGI11 a)BOAA b)Aflatoxin c)Sanguinarine d)Pyrrozolidine CorrectAnswer-CAns.Sanguinarine
104.Nullityofmarriageisconsideredwhen? a)Adulteryinfirst7years b)Infertilityofhusband c)Assaultinfirst7yrs d)Age>55years CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,InfertilityofhusbandUndersection12ofHinduMarriageAct1955orsection24ofSpecialMarriageAct1954,awifemayseekdivorceonthegroundthatherhusbandwasimpotentatthetimeofmarriageandcontinuestobeimpotentthereforeheisincapableoffulfillingtherightsofconsummationofmarriagebyanactofsexualintercourse.ConditionsfornullityofmarriageAnymarriagecanbedeclarednullandvoidunderfollowingconditions:?1)Bigamy,i.e.onespousehasmadeonemoremarriage2)Impotence3)Ifeitherpartyisunderage4)Ifonespouseishavingunsoundmindatthetimeofmarriage,virulentformofleprosyorveneraldiseaseinacommunicableform.5)Ifonespousehasnotbeenheardofasbeingaliveforaperiodof7yearsorundergoingasentenceofimprisonmentfor7years.6)Iftheconsenthasbeenobtainedbycoercionorfraud.7)Ifthewomanalreadypregnantwithsomeoneelse'schildatthetimeofmarriage.
105.WHOdefinitionofabdominalobesityis? a)Waist-hipratio>0.80infemales b)Waist-hipratio>0.85infemales c)Waist-hipratio>0.90infemales d)Waist-hipratio>0.95infemales CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Waist-hipratio>0.85infemalesAssessmentofobesityFollowingparametersareusedtoassessobesity:?1)Skinfoldthickness(SFT)Sinceitismostaccessible,SFTisthemostcommonmethodusedtoassessobesity.Measurementsaretakenat4sites:midtriceps(bestsite),biceps,subscapularandsuprailiacregions.Thesumofmeasurements_50mmingirlsand240mminboysindicateobesity.Atsinglemidtricepslevel(bestsitetomeasureSFT),thickness18mminboysand32mmingirlsindicateobesity.TheinstrumentusedtoestimateSFTisHarpendenskincallipers.2)Waistcircumference(WC)andWaist/Hipratio(WHR)Thesearegoodpredictorsformetaboliccomplicationsandriskofcardiovasculardisease.Thecut-offforwaistcircumferenceis102cmsinboys(forIndia90cms)and88cmsingirls(forIndia.80cms).WHR>1.0inmenand>0.85inwomenindicatesobesityandabdominalfataccumulation.3)Waist-Heightratio(WHtR)Itisthebestindicatorofcardiovascularrisk.Itisindependentof
ageandsex.Cut-offvalueis0.5.4)Indicesbasedonweightand/orheightTheseare:?i)Bodymassindex(Qetelet'sindex)Itisusedinternationallyasreferencestandardforassessingtheprevalenceofobesity.Itisdependentbothonheightandweight(hasbeenexplainedearlier).ii)PonderalindexItisdependentbothonheightandweight.Itisdefinedasheight(cm)dividedbycuberootofweight(kg).
106.Commonlyusedlongbonefor identification? a)Femur b)Radius c)Ulna d)Humerus CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,FemurStaturecanbecalculatedfromthelengthoflongbonesandusedforidentification.FemurandtibiagivemoreaccuratevaluescomparedtohumerusandradiusStatureisdeterminedinthedismemberedbody(skeletalremains)by: 1. Lengthfromthetipofthemiddlefingertothetipoftheopposite middlefingerwhenarmsarefullyextended. 2. Twicethelengthofonearm+30cm(oftwoclavicles)+4cm(for thesternum). 3. Humeruslengthis1/5thofheight.4. Thelengthfromthevertextothesymphysispubisishalfofthetotal length. 5. ThelengthfromthesternalnotchtoSymphysispubisx3.3.6. Thelengthoftheforearmmeasuredfromthetipofthemiddlefinger is=5/19oftotallength. 7. Theheightofheadmeasuredbytheverticaldistancefromthetopof thehead(vertex)tothetipofchin=1/8ofthetotallength. 8. Thelengthofthevertebralcolumn=34/100oftotallength.Tothe lengthoftheentireskeleton,add2.5to4cmforthethicknessofthe
softparts. 9. Asageneralrulehumerusis20%,thetibiais22%,thefemuris27% andthespineis35%oftheindividualheight.
107.Softfriableextraduralhematomawith honeycombappearanceseeninautopsyincasesofdeathdueto? a)Coagulopathy b)Thermalinjury c)Postmortemtrauma d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,ThermalinjuryWhentheheadisexposedtointenseheat,sufficienttocausecharringoftheskull,heathematomasoccur.Theyhavetheappearancelikeextraduralhemorrhage,butsignsofinjurybluntforcedonotaccompanyit.Itconsistsofsoftfriableclotoflightchocklatecolourandmaybepink,ifbloodcontainsCO.Theclothashoneycombedappearanceduetobubblesofsteamproducedbyheat.Thickness-11/2to15mmandvolume120ml.Thusthefindingsdescribedinthequestionhavetypicalappearancesecondarytoexcessheatasseeninthermalinjuriesduetoburns.
108.Whichofthegustafson'sparameteris themostaccurate? a)Attrition b)Periodontosis c)Rootresorption d)Transperencyofthetooth CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,TrnasperencyofthetoothAgefromteethafter20yearsTeetheruptionisusefulforageestimationuptoabout18years,beyondwhichitisjustaguesswork.Themethodsusedare:?A)Gustafson'smethod:Usefulonlyinpersonsolderthan21yearsofage,dependingonthephysiologicalchangesineachofthedentaltissues. 1. Attrition-duetowearandtearfrommastication,uppersurfaceof teethdestroyedgradually,firstinvolvingtheenamel-dentine-pulp(dependingonthefunctionaluseofteethandhardnessofenamel). 2. Paradentosis-recessionofgumsandperiodontaltissue surroundingtheteeth,exposingtheneckandadjacentpartofroot-teethfalloff(poorhygieneincreasesparadentosis). 3. Secondarydentineformation-developwithinthepulpcavityand decreasesizeofthecavity,startfrombase-apex,obliteratethecavity,increasewithage,cariesandparadentosis. 4. Cementumapposition-neartheendofroot,increasecementum, increasethickness,depositedthroughoutlife,andformincrementallines(devisedbyBoyde). 5. Rootresorption-becauseofcementumanddentine,absorptionof rootstartatapexandextendupward(maybepathological).
6. Transparencyoftheroot-seenafter30yearsofage,canalinthe dentineatfirstwiden,increasewithagebecauseofdepositionofminerals.Theybecomeinvisibleanddentinebecomestransparent(Mostreliableofallthecriteria).B)Mile'smethod:Agecanbeknownbychangesofroottransparency.QBoyde'method:Onenamelofthetooth,thereisalineatbirth(neonatalline).Withincreaseinage,morelinesareadded,studyofwhichhelpsinagedetermination.D)Stack'smethod:Ageofinfantcanbeknownfromheightandweightoferuptingteeth.
109.Maximumsofttissuebruisinginneckis seenin- a)Strangulation b)Hanging c)Burking d)Smothering CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,StrangulationAsmanualstrangulation(throttling)isamongthemostviolentformofasphyxia,hyoidfractureandotherinjurytoneckstructuresismorecommon.
110.Constitutionbywhichwecanforce peopleonhungerstriketoeatis? a)Article21 b)Article35 c)Article48 d)Article52 CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Article21Indianconstitution(Article21)ensuresrighttolife;thereisnoequivalentrighttodie.SinceIndianconstitutionissupreme,forcefeedinginhungerstrikersislawfulinIndia.
111.Followingisfalseregardingthebullet entrywoundinskull? a)Punchedinholeinoutertable b)Innertableshowsbevellingsurface c)Nopiecesofbonearepresentinthebullettrack d)Woundisfunnelshapedwiththefunnelopeninginthedirection inwhichthebulletistravelling CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,NopiecesofbonearepresentinthebullettrackFirearm/bulletwoundsintheskullWoundofentranceshowsapunchedin(clean)holeintheoutertable.Coneshapedboneisdetachedfromtheinnertableformingacraterthatislargerthantheholeoftheoutertableandshowsbeveling(slopingsurface).Fissuredfracturesareseenradiatingfromthedefect.Irregularlacerationsmaybeseeninvolvingtheleptomeninges.Piecesofbonefromthewoundofentryareoftendrivenintothecranialcavityandmayestablishthebullettrack.Atthepointofexitapunchedoutopeningisproducedintheinnertableandbeveledopeningintheoutertable.Thewoundisfunnelshapedwiththefunnelopeninginthedirectioninwhichthebulletistravellingbothinentranceandexitwound.Theexitwoundislargerduetodeformityandtumblingofthebulletafterenteringtheskull.
112.Frigidityis? a)Inabilitytoinitiatesexualarousalinmales b)Inabilitytoinitiatesexualarousalinfemales c)Inabilitytoinitiateandmaintainsexualarousalinmales d)Inabilitytoinitiateandmaintainsexualarousalinfemales. CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,InabilitytoinitiateandmaintainsexualarousalinfemalesFrigidity:Inabilitytoinitiateandmaintainsexualarousalinfemales.
113.Whichofthefollowingteetheruptearlier intheupperjaw? a)Centralincisor b)Lateralincisor c)Canine d)Firstmolar CorrectAnswer-BAns.isb'i.e.,Lateralincisor
114.Fencingattiudeofthedeadbodiesis causedby? a)Ciagulationofproteins b)Emulsificationoffact c)Exposuretoexcesscold d)Electricshock CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,CoagulationofproteinsPugilisticattitude(boxing/fencing/defenceattitude)Itisheatstiffeningcausedbydenaturationandcoagulationofproteins.Itisindicativeofexposuretointenseheat.Thereisflexionatalljointsand?clawingoffingers.Thisphenomenonoccursbothinantemortemandpostmortemburns.
115.Lucidintervalmaybeseenin? a)Intracerebralhemorrhage b)Alcoholintake c)Insanity d)Subduralhemorrhage CorrectAnswer-CAns.is`e'i.e.,InsanityLucidintervalisseenininsanityandepiduralhaemorrhage.Lucidintervalisastateofconsciousnessbetweentwoepisodesofunconsciousnessinsubacute/chronicepiduralhaemorrhage.Itissignificantthatduringthisperiod(lucidinterval),thepersoncan:(i)Makeavalidwill,(ii)Cangivevalidevidence,and(iii)Islegallyresponsibleforactdone(civil/criminal).Lucidintervalisalsoseenininsanity,i.e.theperiodofsanitybetweentwophasesofinsanity.
116.Alkalinediuresisistreatmentofchoice inpoisoningwith? a)Benzodiazepine b)Barbiturates c)Dhatura d)Morphine CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,BarbituratepoisoningEliminationofpoisonfromcirculationcanbebyfollowingmethods:?A)ForceddiuresiswithorwithoutalterationofurinarypHDiuresisandiontrappingviaalterationofurinarypHmaypreventtherenalreabsorptionofpoisonsthatundergoexcretionbyglomerularfilterationandactivetubularsecretion.Forceddiuresismaybeoffollowingtypes:?1)Alkalinediuresis:Poisonswhicharetrappedandexcretedinalkalineurinearebarbiturates(phenobarbitone),chlorpropamide,diffunisol,sulfonamidesandsalicylates.2)Aciddiuresis:Itisdoneforamphetamines,cocaine,strychnine,phencyclidine,quinidine,quinine,chloroquine,TCAandtocainide.3)Salinediuresis:Itisusefulforalcohol,thallium,bromide,lithium,fluoride,chromium,potassiumandisoniazide.B)ExtracorporalremovaltherapiesTheseareperitonealdialysis,hemodialysis,hemoperfusion(resinorcharcol),hemofiltration,plasmapheresisandexchangetransfusion.Commonlyusedproceduresare:?1)Haemodialysis:Itisusefulinpoisoningwithalcohol(ethanolandmethanol),aspirin(salicylates),acetone,atenolol,acetaminophen,barbiturates(phenobarbitone),bromide,boricacid,chloralhydrate,ethyleneglycol,fluoride,lithium,trivalentarsenic,procainamide,
ethyleneglycol,fluoride,lithium,trivalentarsenic,procainamide,theophylline,thiocyanate,sodiumchlorateandsotalol.Hemodialysisisnotusefulincoppersulphate,benzodiazepines,organophosphates,kerosineanddigitalispoisonings.Inallpoisonings,wherehemodialysisisindicatedperitonealdialysisisalsousedwithonemoreindicationofmercurypoisoning.2)Hemoperfusion(chorcolorresin):Itisusedinacetaminophen,barbituratescarbamazepine,chloralhydrate,caffeine,CC14,chloramphenical,phenytoin,procainamide,salicylates,theophylline,valproate,dapsoneandmethotrexate.
117.Phossyjawiscausedby? a)Whitephosphorus b)RedPhosphorus c)Arsenic d)Antimony CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,WhitePhosphorusPhossyjawiscausedbyphosphoruspoisoning.Allphosphoruspoisoningarecausedbywhite(yellow)phosphorus(Redphosphorusisnontoxic).PhosphoruspoisoningPhosphorusisaprotoplasmicpoisonaffectingcellularoxidationandcausinganoxicnecorbiosis,classicallyaffectingliver.Itincreasesfatdepositionandinhibitsglycogendepositioninliver.Itisusedinfireworks(Diwalipoisoning)andasratpoison.Lethaldoseis60-120mg.Phosphorusoccursintwoforms:?1)White/yellowphosphorus:Itiswhite,andbecomesyellowonexposuretoair.Itistranslucent,waxy,luminousandcrystallinecylinders.Ithasgarliclikeodor.Itisinsolubleinwaterandluminousindark.Itsfumesshowphosphorescence.2)Redphosphorus:Itisreddishbrown,inert,odourlessandtasteless.Itisnontoxic(thuspoisoningoccursonlyduetowhitephosphorus).Itisputonthesides(strikingsurface)ofmatchbox(alongwithpowderedgalss).AcutepoisoningIthasfollowingstages:i)1stStage(GIirritation):Thereisnausea,vomiting,diarrheaandgarlicodor.Thisstagelastsfor8hoursto3days.
garlicodor.Thisstagelastsfor8hoursto3days.ii)2ndStage(Asymptomatic):Thisstagelastsfor3days.iii)3rdStage:Thereisliverandkidneydamageduetoabsorbedphosphorus.Initiallyliverisenlargedduetoacutefattyinfiltration.Laterlivershruksduetonecrosis,i.e.acuteyellowatrophy.ChronicpoisoningToothacheisthefirstsymptomwhichisassociatedwithlooseningofteeth,necrosisofgumsandosteomyelitisofjaw.Thereforechronicphosphoruspoisoningisalsoknowasphossyjaw(orglassjaw).PostmortemappearanceThereisgarlicodor.Visceraandstoolglowindark(duetoluminosity).Topreserveluminosity,visceraarepreservedinsaturatedsalinesolution.Rectifiedspiritisnotusedasitcauseslossofluminosity.
118.Presenceofspiralgroovesinthebarrel ofweaponisreferredtoas? a)Rifling b)Incendiary c)Cocking d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,RiflingTypeoffirearmweaponsBore(caliber)istheinnerdiameterofbarrel.Basedoninsideofbarrel(i.e.,bore),thefirearmweaponsaredividedinto:? 1. Smoothboreweapons:Barrelorboreissmoothinside,e.g.,shot gun,muskets,andmuzzleloaders. 2. Rifledweapons:Barrelorboreisrifledfrominside,i.e.,has longitudinallytwisedgrooves.Exampleare:Pistals,riflesandrevolvers.Pistalsandrevolversaresmall,soreferredtoashandguns.
119.Evidencenotusedinrape? a)Semeninvagina b)Semenonclothes c)Presenceofsmegabacilliinvagina d)Presenceofsmegmaunderprepuce CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,PresenceofsmegmaunderprepuceExaminationinacaseofrapeA.ExaminationofvictimVictimcannotbeexaminedwithoutwritteninformedconsent.Informedwrittenconsentshouldbeobtainediftheageofvictimisabove12years.Ifsheislessthan12yearsofageorifsheismentallyunsound,thewrittenconsentofparent/guardianshouldbetaken(Sec.90IPC).Victim(female)shouldbeexaminedbyorundersupervisionofafemaleRMP(Sec.53(2)CrPC).Findingwhicharesuggestiveofrapeare:- 1. Signsofstruggleonclothes(tear,blood,semen,mudetc),bodyand genitals(abrasion,contusion,bitesornailmarksetc). 2. Presenceofthesemeninthevagina(proofofsexualintercourse).3. Presenceofspermatozoainthevagina.4. Locardsprincipalofexchangestatesthatwhenevertwobodies comeincontactwitheachother,thereisexchangeofmaterialbetweenthetwoandsoacriminalcanbelinkedtocrime.Incaseofrape,pieceofcloth,button,hair,blood,saliva,semenorsmegmafromtheaccusedmaybefoundonthebodyofvictimandconverslymaterialsofvictimmaybefoundonthebodyofaccused. 5. Presenceofsmegmabacilliinvaginaissuggestiveofcoitus. B.Examinationofaccused
1. Anaccusedcanbeexaminedevenwithouthisconsent(Sec53(A) CrPC).FindingsmaybePresenceoftornfrenulumisconsistentwitharecentintercourse. 2. Thepresenceofsmegmaunderprepuceisinconsistentwithrecent intercouresasitgetsrubbedoffduringsexualintercourseandmaybedepositedinvagina.Ittakesabout24hourstoaccumulate.Thus,absenceofsmegmamayindicatesexualintercourse,providednobathistaken. 3. Presenceofvaginalepithelialcellsonpeniscanbedetectedby lugol'siodine.
120.WhichIPCincludesvitriolage? a)318 b)319 c)320 d)321 CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,320VitriolageisapotentialcauseofpermanentdisfigurementoffaceandthusiscoveredundergrevioushurtandsocomesunderIPC320.Vitriolage'isthrowingofanycorrosiveonanotherperson.Eyesareaffectedmostcommonly.Itcomesundersector320IPS.
121.Whichtypeofneuropathyisseenin arsenicpoisoning? a)Symmetricperipheralmotorneuropathy b)Asymmetricalperipheralmotorneuropathy c)Symmetricalperipheralsensoryneuropathy d)Asymmetricalperipheralsensoryneuropathy CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,AsymmetricalperipheralsensoryneuropathyNeurologicalmanifestationsofarsenicpoisoningHeadache,vertigo,hyperthermia,tremors,convulsions,coma,generalparalysis.Peripheralneuropathythatismoresensorythanmotoroccursinasymmetricdistalstockingglovedistributionafteronetotwoweeksofacuteorchronicexposure.
122.Incisedlookinglacerationisseenat? a)Forehead b)Hand c)Thorax d)Abdomen CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,ForeheadLACERATIONS(TearorRupture)Lacerationsaretearsorsplitsofskin,mucousmembraneandunderlyingtissue(e.g.,muscleorinternalorgans).Lacerationsareproducedbyapplicationofbluntforcetobroadareaofthebody,whichcrushorstretchtissuesbeyondthelimitsoftheirelasticity.Localizedportionsoftissuearedisplacedbytheimpactofthebluntforce,whichsetsuptractionforcesandcausestearingoftissues.Featuresoflacerationsare:?i)Hairandhairbulb,nervesandbloodvesselsarecrushedTheremaybeparalysis(nervecrushed)andhemorrhageisnotpronounced(bloodvesselscrushed).ii)Siteofinjuryisthesiteofimpact.iii)Shapeofinjuryisirregular,marginsareirregularandcontused/abradedandshowtagsoftissue.iv)Sizeofinjurydoesnotcorrespondstoimpactingsurface.Therearefollowingtypesoflaceration:?1)Splitlaceration:Splittingoccursbycrushingofskinbetweentwohardobjects.Bluntforceonareaswheretheskinisclosetorigidstructureslikebonewithscantysubcutaneoustissue,mayproduceawoundthatbylinearsplittingoftissuemaylooklikeincisedwound,i.e.,incisedlikeorincisedlookingwound.Examplesofsucharea
arescalp,eyebrows,cheekbones(zygomatic),lowerjaw,iliaccrest,perineumandskin.Awoundproducedbyafallonkneeorelbowwithlimbflexedandbyasharpstonealsosimulatesincisedwound.2)Strechlacerations:Overstretchingoftheskin,ifitisfixed,willcauselaceration,forexample,bykicking,suddendeformityofboneoccursafterfracture,makingitcompound.3)Avulsion(shearinglaceration):Anavulsionisalacerationproducedbysufficientforce(shearingforce)deliveredatanacuteangletodetach(tearoff)aportionofatraumatizedsurfaceorviscusfromitsattachment,theshearingandgrindingforcebyaweight.Flayingistypeofavulsioninwhichshearingandgrindingforcebyweight(suchasoflorrywheelpassingoveralimb)mayproduceavulsion(separationofskinfromunderlyingtissue/deglovingofalargearea).4)ears:Tearsoftheskinandtissuescanoccurfromimactbyaagainstirregularorsemi-sharpobjects,suchasdoorhandleofacar.Thisisanotherformofoverstretching.5)Cutlaceration:Cutlacerationsmaybeproducedbyaheavysharpedgedinstrument.
123.Howmuchispunishmentforsex determination? a)3years b)5years c)7years d)9years CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'A'i.e.,3yearsSincethequestionisaboutpunishmentforsexdeterminationnotrepeatoffenceofsexdeterminationanswerwillbe3yearsThefamiliesofapregnantwomanwhoaskforsexdeterminationarealsoliabletobepunished.Notadheringtotheprovisionsofthisactcouldwarrantpunishmentintheformofupto3yearsimprisonmentanduptoRs10,000fine,andonrepeatoffenceupto5yearsimprisonmentanduptoRs50,000fine.Thenameoftheregisteredpractitionerwouldberemovedfromthestatecouncilfor5yearsifguiltyandpermanentlyifrepeatoffenceiscommittedundersection23oftheact.
124.
Preauricularsulcusisapartof? a)Humerus b)Femur c)Pelvis d)Skull CorrectAnswer-CAns.is`c'i.e.,PelvisPreauricularsulcusisusedfordeterminationofsex.Itismorefrequent,broadanddeepinfemalepelvis.Thereisattachmentofanteriorsacroiliacligament.
125.Whatistheupperpermissiblelimitof alcoholallowedwhiledrivinginIndia- a)20mg% b)30mg% c)40mg% d)50mg% CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,30mg%ThestatutorylimitofalcohollevelinbloodinIndiawhiledrivingbeyondwhichdrivingisconsideredascrimeis30mg%.ItiscoveredunderS.185MotorVehicleAct1988.ThepunishmentforfirstoffenceisfineuptoRs.2000/-or6monthsofimprisonmentorbothandforsecondorsubsequentoffencefineuptoRs.3000/-orimprisonmentupto2yearsorboth.
126.Whatisthelevelofalcoholinblood beyondwhichpersoniscondideredintoxicated? a)40mg% b)80mg% c)120mg% d)140mg% CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,140mg%Allindividualswithabloodalcohollevelof140mg%areconsideredintoxicatedtothepointwheretheycannotdealwithunusual,emergencyornon-customaryproblems.
127.Thepathwaysfollowedbycorrosive acidsinstomachiscalled? a)Curlingulcer b)Cushingulcer c)Magenstrasse d)None CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,MagenstrasseMagenstrasseisthetermappliedtothepathwayacidicagentsfollowinstomach.Thepathwayofacidsandalkalisinfoodfilledstomachstartsalongthelessercurvatureofthestomachandleadstothepylorus,whichexplainsthelocationofgreatestdamageinfoodfilledstomach.Stomachwithoutfoodhavesignificantinjuryinthelowerhalfoftwothirdsandmayhavesparingoffundus.
128.ChocolateBrownpostmortemstainingis seenin? a)KClpoisoning b)Opiumpoisoning c)H2Spoisoning d)Cyanidepoisoning CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,KClPoisoning
129.Immersionsyndromeoccursdueto? a)Vagalinhibition b)VagalStimulation c)Sympatheticstimulation d)Sympatheticinhibition CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,VagalinhibitionTypesofdrowningDrowningisclassifiedas(1)typicaland(2)atypical.1.Typicaldrowning(wetdrowning)Typicaldrowningreferstoobstructionofairpassagesandlungsbyinhalationofwaterorotherfluid.ThereforeitisalsocalledwetdrowningandfindingsoffluidandfrotharepresentinPMexamination.Typicaldrowningmaybe:- i. Freshwaterdrowning:Infreshwaterdrowninglargequantitiesof watercrossthealveolarmembraneintocirculationcausinghypervolaemiaandhemodilution.RBCsimbibewaterandburst(hemolysis)withliberationofpotossium.Therefore,heartisexposedtovolumeoverload,potassiumexcess,sodiumdeficit(hyponatremia),andanoxia.Anoxiaandhyperkalemiacauseventricularfibrillationanddeathin4-5minutes. ii. Saltwaterdrowning:Hypertonicityofinhaledwatercauseslossof fluidfromcirculationintothelungsgivingrisefulminatingpulmonaryedemawithprogressivehypovolaemia,circulataryshock,andeventuallycardiacstandstill(asystole)withdeathin8-12minutes.2.AtypicaldrowningItreferstodrowninginwhichevenaftersubmersionofbodyinwater,littleornowaterantersrespiratorypassagesandlungs.
Hencetypicalfindingsofwetdrowningintheformoffrothandoedemaaquosumoflungsarenotfound.Atypicaldrowningmaybe:- i. Drydrowning:Oncontactwithwater,especiallycoldwater,there resultsintenselaryngospasm,sothatwaterdoesnotenterthelungs.Deathisduetoasphyxiabecauseoflaryngospasm. ii. Immersionsyndrome(hydrocution/submersioninhibition/vagal inhibition):Suddendeathoccursduetovagalinhibitionasaresultof(a)suddenimpactwithcoldwater,(b)duckdiving(fallinginwaterwithfeetfirst),and(c)horizontalentryinwaterwithimpactonepigastrium. iii. Submersionofunconscious:Ifpersonisunconscioussincebefore submersioninwater,littleornowaterentersrespiratorypassages.ItmayoccurinMI,cerebrovascularaccident,hypertension,epilepsy,cerebralaneurysmandindrunkstate. iv. Neardrowning(secondarydrowningsyndrome/postimmersion syndrome):Inthisdrowningissurvivedanddeathoccursatalaterstageafterremovalfromwater.Eitherthepersonhimselfcomesoutofwaterorheisrecoveredalive,butduetocomplicationsofsubmersion,hediesatalaterstage.Itisduetohypoxicencephalopathyandfibrosingalveolitis.Thedeathoccursduetocombinedeffectofcerebralhypoxia,pulmonaryedema,aspirationpneumonitis,electrolytedisturbancesandmetabolicacidosis.
130.Whatofthefollowingisseeninfresh waterdrowning? a)Hypovolemia b)Hemoconcentration c)Hyperkalemia d)Hypernatremia CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.Hyperkalemia
131.Whatistheproofofeyesbeingopenfor fewhoursafterdeath? a)Kevokiansign b)Tachenoir c)Bothoftheabove d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,TachenoirIftheeyelidsareopenforafewhoursafterdeath,afilmofcelldebrisandmucousformstwoyellowtrianglesonthescleraoneithersideoftheiris,whichbecomebrownandthenblackcalledtachenoirwithing3-4hours.
132.Majorityisobtainedbyapersonunder courtguardianshipbyageof? a)19years b)20years c)21years d)22years CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,21yearsApersonattainsmajorityoncompletionof18years.Howeverifapersonisundertheguardianshipofcourt,heattainsmajorityafter21years(IndianMajorityAct1875).
133.Whichmethodisnotusedforautopsy? a)Virchow b)Rokitansky c)Lettulle d)Thomas CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,ThomasMethodsofremovaloforgansVirchow'stechnique-organsareremovedonebyone.Cranialcavityisexposedfirst,followedbythoracic,cervical&abdominalorgans.Rokitansky'stechnique-Itinvolvesinsitudissectioninpart,combinedwithenblockremoval.Lettulle'stechnique-Cervical,thoracic,abdominal&pelvicorgansareremovedenmasse&dissectedasorganblock.
134.Spaldingsignisseenin? a)Drowning b)Mummification c)Maceration d)Starvation CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,MacerationDeadborn:Adeadbornchildisonewhichhasdiedinuteroandshowsoneofthefollowingsignsafteritiscompletelyborn:?1)Rigormortis:Rigormortismayoccurindeadfetusbeforebirthoratbirth.2)Maceration:Macerationisaprocessofasepticautolysis.Itoccurswhenadeadfetusremainsintheuterusfor3-4dayssurroundedbyliquoramniibutwithexclusionofair.Skinslippageistheearliestsign(occurswithin12hours).Thereisgasinthegreatvesselsandchambersofheart(Robert'ssign).Exceptforlunganduterus,whichremainunchangedforalongtime,allotherorgansbecomesoft,oedematousandloosetheremorphology.Theoneimportantradiologicalsignsuggestiveofmacerationis'Spaulding'ssign'i.e.skullbonesoverrideeachother.Thesmellissomewhatrancid.3)Putrefaction(decomposition):Ifthemembranesarerupturedafterdeathoffetusandairgainsentryintoliquoramnii,fetusundergoesputrefactioninsteadofmaceration.Bodyisgreenish,foulsmellingandbloated.4)Mummification:Itresultswhenthereisdeficientbloodsupply,scantyliquorandnoairentersuterus.Bodyisthin,shrivelleddarkbrownandemittingsmelllikerottencheese.
135.Accordingtojuvenilejusticeact,ageof juvenileis? a)<14years c)<18years d)<20years CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,<18yearsJuvenileJusticeAct2000Juvenilejustice(careandprotectionofchildrenAct,2000(nowAmendmentAct2006)covers:- i. Juvenilesinconflictchildwhoisallegedtohavecommittedan offence. ii. Childreninneedofcareandprotectionchildrenwhoare neglected,abused,orabandoned.Thisactdefinesajuvenile/childasapersonwhohasnotcompletedtheageof18years.
136.Followingisnottrueaboutadipocere formation? a)Itisamodificationofputrefaction b)Itisdevelopedinpresenceofair c)Itoccursindeadbodieslyinginwater d)Bodyhasanoffensivesweetsmell CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,ItisdevelopedinpresenceofairAdipocereformation(saponification).Adipocereisamodificationofputrefaction,whichoccursintheabsenceofair.Thatiswhenthereisexcessivemoisture(humidity)andwarnth(warmtemperature),butabsenceofairi.e.warmhumidclimate,normalputrefactiondoesnotoccur,rathersaponificationoccurs.Thusadipoceseformationoccursindeadbodieswhicharelyinginwater(immeredinwater)orburnedindamplaysoil.Saponification(adipocerformation)istheconversionofdeadbodyintosoft,fattywaxysubstanceduetoconversionofunsaturatedliquidfatstosaturatedsolidfatsundertheinfluenceofintrinsiclipaseandlecithinaseproducedbyCl.perfringens.Theprocessinvolvesgradualhydrolysisandhydrogenationofbodyfatsintohigherfattyacidswhichcombinewithcalciumandammoniumionstoforminsolublesoaps.Ultimately,palmitic,oleic,stearicandhydroxystearicacidsareformed,mixtureoftheseisknownasadipocere.Adipocereformationstartsinsubcutaneousfatandismarkedinareashavingexcessivefat,eg.cheeks,femalebreast,buttocksandabdomen.Slowlythewholebodyincludingmusclesandinternal
viscerachangeintoadipocere.Adipocerehasoffensiveorsweetishsmell,howeverinearlystages,smellisammonical.Bodyisconvertedintosoft,waxyandbrittlesubstance,itfloatsonwater,itcanbecuteasily,itdissolvesinalcoholandethers,anditmeltsonheating.Facialfeaturesandinjuriesonbodyarewellpreserved,thusidentficationofbodyanddeterminationcauseofdeath(incaseofinjury)arepossible.Normallyadipocereformationrequires3weekstoupto3to6months.Howevershortestrecordedperiodinindiais3days22hours.Inindia,ithasbeenobservedtobeginwithin4-5days.Adipoceremaypersistforyearsordecades.Adipoceredoesnotoccurinfoetuslessthan7month's.Medicolegalimportance:(i)Identificationofbody(facialfeaturesarepreserved),(ii)causeofdeath(injurymarksarepreserved),(iii)timesincedeathcanbeestimated.
137.Legalagebywhichfetusiscapableof independentexistenceis? a)240days b)230days c)220days d)210days CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,210daysViabilitymeansthephysicalabilityofafoetustoleadaseparateexistenceafterbirthapartfromitsmother,byvirtueofacertaindegreeofdevelopment.Achildisviableafter210days(7months)ofintrauterinelife,andinsomecasesafter180days(6months)butinmostofthesecasesfetusisimmature.Fulltermmatureinfantshow:-Length(crown-heellength)48-52cm,headcircumference30-35cm.Ossificationcenteratlowerendoffemur(appearsattheendof9monthsorjustbeforebirth)andOssificationcenterofcuboidanduppertibiamayalsopresent(Note:someossificationcentersarealsopresent,buttheyappearbeforetheattainmentofviabilitysotheirpresencedoesnothaveimportance.Theseare(i)Clavicle,mandible,ribsvertebraattheendof2ndmonth,(ii)Calcaneum(oscalcis)andmanubriumsterniattheendof5thmonthand(iii)Sternumattheendof6month).Othercenterwhichappearsatattainmentofviabilityisprimaryossificaioncenteroftaluswhichappearsattheendof7thmonth.
138.Trousseausignpositiveinwhich poisoning? a)Citricacid b)Oxalicacid c)Aceticacid d)Carbolicacid CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,OxalicacidTrousseou'ssignandchovstek'ssignareseeninhypocalcemia.Oxalicacidpoisoningcancausehypoclacemia.OxalicacidItisalsoknownassaltofsorreloracidofsugar.Itisusedtoerasewriting,asbleachingagentandincalicoprinting.Itoccursinleavesofrhubarb.Localeffects:Oxalicacidrarelydamagestheskinbutreadilycorrodethemucusmembraneofdigestivetract.Systemic:(i)Shock:Largedosescancausedeathfromshock;(ii)Hypocalcemia:Oxalicacidreadilycombineswithcalciumtocausehypocalcemia,whichmaypresentastingling,numbness,twitching,tetany,andconvulsions,(iii)Renaldamage:Itisduetooxaluriawhichmaycausetubularnecrosis.Antidote:Anycalciumpreparation(e.g.calciumgluconate/chloride,limewater,suspensionofchalk)whichconvertspoisonintoinsolublecalciumoxalateisanantidoteforoxalatepoisoning.
139.Tactilehallucinationseeninabusewith? a)Heroine b)Cocaine c)Cannabis d)Alcohol CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,CocaineMagnan'ssymptomsistactilehallucination(formication)i.e.feelingofbugscrawlingundertheskinisseenwithcocaineabuse/poisoning.CocaineCocaineisanalkaloidderivedfromtheCocabush,ErythrexylumCoCa.Itwasthefirstlocalanaestheticwhichwasusedclinically.Toxicityofcocainemaybe:?A)Acutetoxicity:-Acutecocaineintoxicationischaracterizedby:?1)Sympathetichyperactivity:-Tachycardia,hypertension,mydriasis,sweating,nausea&vomiting.2)Hypomanicstate:-Increasedpsychomotoractivity,grandiosity,elation,hypervigilance,Increasedspeechoutput.B)Chronicoveruse:-Chronicoverusecancause:?1)Psychoticepisodes(Cocainepsychosis):-Persecutorydelusionswithtactilehallucinations(formination).TactilehallucinationsaremanifestedasbugscrawlingundertheskinCocainebugsormagnan'ssymptoms.2)Other:-Anxietyreaction,compulsivebehavior,deliriumanddelusionaldisorders.3)BlackpigmentationoftongueandteethAcombinationofcocaineandherointakenbyinjectioniscalledspeedball.
speedball.
140.Countercoupinjuryseeninwhen? a)Movingheadissuddenlydecelerated b)Stationeryheadissuddenlyaccelerated c)Fallofheavyobjectonhead d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,MovingheadissuddenlydeceleratedCountrecoupinjuryiscausedwhenmovingheadissuddenlydeceleratedbyhittingafirmsurface.Itcaneitherbeasubduralorsubarachnoidhemorrhage.BraininjuriesCoupinjuryisdefinedastheinjuryofskulland/orbrainatthesiteofimpact,e.g.ablowonforehead,resultinginfractureoffrontalboneandinjuryorhaemorrhageinfrontallobe.Contrecoupinjuryisdefinedasaninjurytotheskullorbrain,onopposite(contralateral)sideoftheareaofimpact.Cerebralconcussion(stunning)occursduetoheadtraumaandischaracterizedbygrossphysiologicaldisturbanceofbrainwithoutanyanatomicaldamage.Thereissuddenlossofconsciousnesswithatendencytospontaneousrecovery.Theconditionismoreseverewhendamageiscausedtothemovinghead(deccelerationinjury)thanwhenitresultsfromblowstoskull.Recoveryfromconcussionisoftenfollowedbyretrogradeamnesia.
141.Mostcommonfingerprinttypeis? a)Loops b)Whorls c)Composite d)Arches CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,LoopsDactylography/DermatogIvphics/Caltonsystem/FingerprintsFingerprintsarepresentfrombirthbothonepidermisanddermis,remainconstantthroughoutlifeandcan'tbealteredwithoutdestroyingtrueskin.Fingerprintpatternisabsolutelyindividuali.e.notwohandsareentirelyalike,notevenidenticaltwins.That'swhy,itisbest(mostsensitiveandmostspecific)andmostreliablemethodofidentification(Quetelet'sruleofbiologicalvariation).DNAfingerprintingmaybesameinmonozygotictwins.Thepatternisneitherinheritednoridenticalinanytwopersons.Sothepaternitycannotbeprovedthroughfingerprintpatterns.However,paternitycanbeprovedbyDNAfingerprinting.Loops(67%mostcommon)>whorls(25%)>arches(7%)>composite(2%leastcommon)arefourmaintypesofpattern.Itisacceptedthatchancesof2fingerprintsmatching16ridgecharacteristicareinfinitelysmall(Parikh's).Inpractice8-16(Reddy)/16-20(Seth,Simpson)pointsoffinecomparisionareacceptedasproofofidentity.Locard'sporoscopymethodisstudyofmicroscopicpores,formedbymouthsofductsofsubepidermalsweatglandpresentonridgesof
fingers.Theseporesarepermanent,remainunchangedduringlifeandareveryusefulwhenonlyfragmentsoffingerprintsareavailable.Eachmilimetercontains9-18pores.CriminalsmayattempttomultilatefingerprintsbyapplyingCO2snow,corrosiveagents,burnsorerodingagainsthardsurface.Butthesemannersdonotdestroyfingerprintspermanentlyunlesstrueskiniscompletelydestroyed.
142.Backof10-14yearsoldcontributeshow muchpercentagetototalbodysurfacearea? a)13% b)15% c)16% d)19% CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,16%
143.Exceptiontotheruleofprofessional secrecyisallowedunderfollowingcircumstancesexcept? a)Courtoflaw b)Casesofsuspectedcrime c)Innegligentsuits d)Ininterestofrelatives CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,IninterestofrelativesProfessionalsecrecyisanimpliedethicalandlegalobligation(orcontract),thatthedoctorwillnotdivulgeanythinghecomestoknowconcerningpatientduringthecourseofhisprofessionalwork.Doctorisliabletodamagesforitsbreech.However,itisjustifiedincertaincircumstances,todiscloseinformationtoproperauthority,andthisisknownasprivilegedcommunication.Itisdefinedasacommunicationmadebydoctortoaproperauthoritythathascorrespondinglegal,social,andmoraldutiestoprotectthepublic.Privilegedcommunicationismadeincertaincircumstanceswherethedoctorisjustifiedindisclosinginformationabouthispatient.Suchcommunicationisregardedasprivilegedandisanexceptiontothegeneralruleofprofessionalsecrecybetweendoctorandpatient.Exampleare:?1)Incourtoflaw:Whenaskedbyjudge.2)Ascompulsorduty:Everydoctorhastogivedetailsofbirth,deathandcommunicabledisease.3)Asasocialduty:Ifhealthofapatientcancausedangertosociety,e.g.:-
i)Railwayenginedriverbeingcolourblind.ii)Busdriverbeingepileptic,drugaddictorhypertensive.iii)Pilothavingrefractiveerrors.iv)HotelwaitorsufferingfromTBorbeingtyphoidcarrier.v)SwimmingpoolusersufferingfromSTD(e.g.syphilis)orinfectiousdisease.vi)PersonsufferingfromSTDorHIVinfectionlikelytomarry.vii)Casesoffoodpoisoining.viii)Waterpollution.4)Incasesofsuspectedcrime.5)Inselfinterest,bothincivilandcriminalsuitsbypatient.6)Whenaservantissentbymaster.7)Innegligentsuitswhendoctorisemployedbyoppositepartytocross-examinepatientwhofiledthesuit.8)Ininsurancereports,hecanreportanydiseasefound.Butheshouldnotanswerqueriesofinsurancecompanyorsolicitorwithoutthepatientconsent.9)Intheinterestofpatient:Ifpatientisnottakingpropercare,detailscanbecommunicatedtotherelatives.
144.Pupildilatationisseeninpoisoningwith - a)Dhatura b)Ethylalcohol c)Briumcarbonate d)Alltheabove CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,AlltheabovePoisoningofthefollowingisassociatedwithdilatedpupilsAtropineTricyclicantidepressantsPhenothiazinesDhaturaEthylalcoholBariumcarbonate
145.Tattooinginolddecomposedbodycan bevisualizedbyuseofallexcept? a)H2O23% b)Gammarays c)Infraredphotography d)Examinationwithmagnifyingglass CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,GammaraysLatenttattoomarksarefadedmarksandtheycanbevisualizedbyUseofultravioletlightInfraredphotograpyRubbingthepartandexaminingundermagnifyingglassIftattoomarksareobscuredbydecompositiontheycanbevisualizedbytreatingwith3%H2O2.Tattomarkscanbedevelopedbytreatingtheskinby0.5%causticpotash.Histopathologyoflocallymphnodesforpigment.
146.Blackgunpowdercomposition? a)Charcoal60%+Potassiumnitrate20%+sulphur20% b)Charcoal25%+Potassiumnitrate70%+sulphur05% c)Charcoal15%+Potassiumnitrate75%+sulphur10% d)Charcoal65%+Potassiumnitrate20%+sulphur15% CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Charcoal15%+Potassiumnitrate75%+sulphur10%Theclassicalgunpowderisknownasblackpowder,consistsofcharcol(15%),Sulphur(10%),andpotassiumnitrate(75%).Dependingonfineness,theblackgunpowderisdesignatedasFG,FFG,FFFG.etc.(F=fineness).Pyrodexisanothergunpowderwithsamecomponents,butwithdifferentratios.Blackgunpowderproducessmoke,i.e.Itissmokeproducingpowder.Smokelesspowder,inadditiontoblackpowder,hasnitrocellulose(singlebase),ornitrocelluloseplusnitroglycerine(doublebase),ornitrocelluloseplusnitroglycerineplusnitroguanidine(triplebase).Semismokelesspowderhas80%blackpowderand20%smokelesspowder(nitrocellulose).
147.Bonepearlappearanceisseenin? a)Electricalburns b)Hydrocution c)Strangulation d)Throttling CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,ElectricalburnsElectricburnsElectricburnsareattimes,alsoreferredtoasjouleburns.Technically,jouleburnisanendogenousburn,i.e.burnsproducedduetoreleaseofheatfromthebody,onapplicationofelectriccurrent.Electricburnsmaybeoffollowingtypes:?1)Contactburns:Duetocontactwithlivewire.2)Sparkburns:Duetosparkingofcurrent,e.g.inlooseelectricalfitting.3)Flashburns:Causedonbeingnearthemainpowerline,withoutactualcontact.Burnsresultduetoarcingofcurrentfromtheselines.Characteristicfeaturesofelectricburnsare:?1)Theremaybeholesinclothesorshoes.2)Thereisawoundofentryandwoundofexitofelectriccurrent:- i. Entrywound:Itisnon-bleeding,thick,leathery,greyishwhite, depressed,hardandcauliflowerlike,knownascraterformation.Highvoltagecurrentmaycauseburnsoverlargeareasofskin,i.e.crocodileskinlesions.Theskinmaygetcolouredduetometallicpigment:green(inbrasselectrode),black(inironelectrode),blue(incopperelectrode)andgrey(inaluminiumelectrode). ii. Exitwound:Itislikealacerationandisbleeding. 3)Metalsfromelectrodemaymeltandassmallballs(currentpearls)maybecarriedtotissue.Calciumphosphateofbonesmayalsomelt
maybecarriedtotissue.Calciumphosphateofbonesmayalsomeltandisradiologicallyseenasbonepearls(waxdripping).4)MusclesshowZenker'sdegeneration.CausesofdeathCommonestcauseofdeathisventricularfibrillation.Othercausesincludeshock,cardiopulmonaryarrest,cerebralanoxia,paralysisofrespiratorymuscles,andmechanicalinjuriesduetofall.
148.Mummificationisenhancedby? a)Moistandhotair b)Moistandcoolair c)Dryandhotair d)Dryandcoolair CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,DryandhotairMummificationItisamodificationofputrefaction,whichoccursintheabsenceofmoisture.Thatiswhenthereisexcessairandwarmthbutnomoisture(humidity),i.e.hotdryandwindyclimate,mummificationtakesplaceinplaceofnormalputrefaction.Thusmummificationoccursindeserts,especiallyinsummerandalsoinbodiesburiedinshallowgraveinsandysoil.Mummificationischaracterizedbydessicationordryingofthedeadbody.Thereisdrying,dehydrationandshrivelingofdeadbody.Itproceedsfromexteriortointerior.Thereforefirsttobeinvolvedisskin,especiallyofexposedbodypartslikelips,nosetip,hands(fingers)andfeet(toes).Theskinisshrunken,contracted,dry,brittle,leathery,strechedacrossbonyprominencesandrustybrowntoblackincolor.Internalvisceraalsodryup,darkenincolorandblendwitheachothertoformasinglemass.Bodyemitssmelllikerottencheese.Facialfeaturesandinjuriesarewellpreserved,thusidentificationofbodyandcauseofdeathcanbedetermined(likeadipocereformation).Timerequiredformummificationvariesbetween3months-2years.Ifproperlypreserved,amummifiedbodycanremainforyears.Chronicarsenicorantimonypoisoningfavormummification.
Medicolegalimportance:(i)Identificationofbody(facialfeaturesarepreserved),(ii)causeofdeath(injurymarksarepreserved),(iii)timesincedeathcanbeestimated.
149.Hyoidbonefracturemostcommon occursin? a)Manualstrangulation b)Hanging c)Smothering d)Traumaticasphyxia CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,ManualstrangulationAsmanualstrangulation(throttling)isamongthemostviolentformofasphyxia,hyoidfractureandotherinjurytoneckstructuresismorecommon.
150.Takingoffonesclothesandrunning nakedinapublicraceiscalled? a)Mooning b)Exhibitionism c)Voyeurism d)Undinism CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,ExhibitionismExhibitionism(Sec294IPC):Itisawillfulandintentionalexposureofthegenitaliainapublicplacewhileinthepresenceofotherstoobtainsexualpleasure.Mayormaynotbeassociatedwithmasturbation(punishment=3months+fine).Voyeurism=Scoptophilia=Peepingtom:Sexualgratificationisobtainedbylookingatthesexualorgansofotherpersons,watchingtheactofsexualintercourse,orwitnessingundressingbyawoman.Frotteurism:Sexualsatisfactionisobtainedbyrubbingagainstpersonsinacrowd.Iftheyattemptintercourse,theyhaveprematureejaculationortheyareimpotent.Itisanuncommonperversionandrarelyoccursalone.Undinism:Inthis,sexualpleasureisoftenobtainedbywitnessingtheactofurinationbysomeoneofthesameoroppositesex.
151.Accordingtofederationdentallowerleft canineisdesignatedas? a)32 b)33 c)42 d)43 CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,33
152.Judgecanaskclarifyingquestionswhen ? a)Aftercrossexam b)Beforecrossexam c)Beforerecrossexam d)Atanytimehewishes CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,AtanytimehewishesThejudgemayaskanyquestion,inanyform,aboutanyfact,relevantorirrelevant,atanystageoftheexaminationtoclearupdoubts.RecordingofevidenceAfteroathadministration,theevidenceisrecordedunderfollowingsteps:- i. Examinationinchief(directexamination):Itistheexaminationof thewitnessbylawyerofthepartycallingthewitness.Ingovernmentprosecutions,itisdonebypublicprosecutor(PP)/districtgovernmentpleader(DGP).Theobjectiveistoelicitallrelevant,andconvincingfacts.Noleadingquestionsarepermitted.Leadingquestionmeansthequestion,whichleadsthewitnesstodesiredanswer.However,ifthewitnessisdeclaredhostile,leadingquestionscanbeasked. ii. Cross-examination:Examinationofthewitnessisconductedbythe lawyeroftheoppositeparty.Ingovernmentprosecutionsitisdonebydefencelawyer.Theobjectiveistoelicit,removeormodifyfactsandtotesttheaccuracyofstatementorwitness.Leadingquestionsareallowed. iii. Re-examination(Redirectexamination):Itisconductedlike
examinationinchiefandsobythelawyerofsameparty.Theobjectiveistoclearoutanydiscrepancies/doubt,thathavearisenduringcross-examination.Leadingquestionsarenotallowed.Thewitnessshouldnottellanynewthingatthisstage,otherwiseopposinglawyerispermittedforre-crossexamination. iv. Courtquestions:Atanystage,duringtherecordingofevidence,the judgemayaskquestionstoclearhisdoubts.
153.FataldoseofKCNis? a)50-60mg b)120-130mg c)180-190mg d)280-300mg CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,280-300mgFataldoseofhydrocyanicacidinthepureformis50-60mgwhileassodiumorpotassiumcyanideis200-300mg.
154.RuleofHaaseisusedtocalculate? a)Ageoffetus b)Lengthoffemur c)Diameterofskull d)Percentageofburns CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,AgeoffetusRuleofHaaseHess'srule(Haase'srule):Itisaroughmethodforcalculatingtheageoffetusbymeasuringthelengthfromcrowntoheel.Upto5thmonthofgestation,lengthoffoetusincmissquareofthemonthofgestationandbeyound5months,lengthincmis5timesthemonthofgestation.
155.Whichofthefollowingisnotasexual offenceinIndia- a)Incest b)Sodomy c)Indecentassault d)Bestiality CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,IncestIncestItmeanssexualintercoursebyamanwithawomanwhoiscloselyrelatedtohimbyblood(prohibiteddegreesofrelationship),e.g.adaughter,granddaughter,sister,stepsister,aunt,ormother.Thesecasesusuallyhavepsychologicalfeatures.InIndia,incestassuchisnotanoffence.
156.IPC319dealswith? a)Definitionofhurt b)Voluntarilycausinghurt c)Definitionofgrievoushurt d)Voluntarilycausinggrievoushurt CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Definitionofhurt
157.
Doctorwhodidsurgeryonwrongsideofthepateientispunishableundersection? a)S.304AIPC b)S.WC c)S.305AIPC d)S.305IPC CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,S.304AIPCSection304AIPCCausingdeathbynegligence:Whosoevercausesthedeathofanyperson,bydoinganyrashornegligentactnotamountingtoculpablehomicideshallbepunishedwithimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendto2yearsorwithfine,orwithboth.Doctordoingsurgeryonthewrongsideofthepatientisanexampleofgrossinattentionandrecklessnessshownbythedoctorandisthusanexampleofcriminalnegligence.CriminalnegligenceispunishableunderS.304AIPC.
158.Postmortembloodiscollectedfrom whichvessel? a)Femoralartery b)Femoralvein c)Cephalicvein d)Brachialartery CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,FemoralveinBeforeautopsy10-20mlofbloodiscollectedfromthefemoralveiningroin.Jugular/subclavianveincanalsobeused.
159.Whengroupofmusclesofdeadbody wereinstateofstrongcontrationimmediatelypriortodeathandremainsoevenafterdeath,thisistermedas? a)Gasstiffening b)Rigormortis c)Cadavericspasm d)Coldstiffening CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,CadavericspasmCadavericspasm(instantaneousrigor)isdefinedastheconditionwhereinagroupofmuscles,whichwereincontractionorspasmatthetimeofdeath,continuetobeinspasmevenafterdeath,withoutthestageofprimaryrelaxation.Itisaconditioninwhichthemusclesofthebodywhichwereinastateofcontractionimmediatelybeforedeath,continuetobesoafterdeathwithoutpassingthroughthestageofprimaryrelaxation.Cadavericspasm,beinganantemortemphenomenon,reflectsthelastactofthesubjectperformedbeforeandatthetimeofhisdeath.Thecauseandmannerofdeathmaybejudged.ItmaybeduetoexhaustedATPintheaffectedmuscleswiththepersistenceofcontractionevenafterdeathandtheresultingfailureofthechemicalprocessesrequiredforactivemuscularrelaxationtooccurduringmoleculardeath.Adrenocorticalexhaustion,whichimpairsresynthesisofATPmaybethepossiblecause
160.Mostcommonorganaffectedin underwaterblast? a)Intestine b)Liver c)Spleen d)Heart CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,IntestineThemostcommonorganaffectedinunderwaterblastinjuryisintestine.ExplosioninjuryAnexplosionisaphenomenonresultingfromsuddenreleaseofenergywhichisthendissipatedbyablastwave,bytranslocationofobjects,orbythegenerationofheat.Injuriesinexplosionoccurduetofourfactors:?1)BlastorshockwaveWhenanexplosionoccurs,theexplosivematerialproducesalargevolumeofgasandreleasesalargeamountofenergy.Itproducesa'shockwave'whichspreadconcentricallyfromthesiteofexplosion.Theinjuriesdependontheenviornmentinwhichblastoccurs:- i. Airblast(mostcommon):Explosionoccursinair.Thereis barotraumatoairfilledholloworgans.Tympanicmembrane(eardrum)ismostsensitiveandmostcommonlyinjured.Lungisthesecondorgantobeinjuredandisthemostcommonlyinjuredholloworganandmostcommoncauseoflifethreateninginjury.Otherpartsinjuredaremiddleear,cochlea,eyes,bowels,mesentery,omentumandbrain.Homogenoussolidorganslikeliverandmusclesareusuallynotaffected.
ii. Underwaterblast(explosionunderwater):Gastrointestinaltractis injuredmostcommonly.Lungsarealsoinjured. iii. Solidblast:Explosiveisdetonatedneararigid/solidstructureand waveofenergyspreadsthroughit.Ifpeopleareincontactwiththatrigidstructure,injuriestakeplace.Theinjuriesaremostlyskeletal;fractureoflegsandvertebralcolumnaremorecommon.GITdamageismorecommonthanlung.2)FlameorhotgasesBurnsorburningofbodymayoccur.3)Flyingmissiles(debris)Flyingpiecesofexplosivedebrismaybedriventhroughairagainsttheskincausingbruises,abrasions,lacerations,andraggedperforations.4)AnoxiaVariousgasesliberatedduringexplosionmaycauseanoxia,e.g.carbonmonoxide,nitrousoxide,nitricoxide,HCNandSO,.
161.Tortureinwhichlegsorthighsaretied withbambooandthetorturerpressesonthetwosidesoftheclamptocausepainiscalled? a)Falanga b)Telefono c)Mercelago d)Chepuwa CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,ChepuwaPhysicaltortureTortureisdefinedasdeliberate,systemicorwantoninflictionofphysicalormentalsufferingbyoneormorepersonsactingaloneorontheordersofanyauthority,toforceapersontoyieldinformation,tomakeaconfessionorforanyotherreason.Torturemaybephysicalorpsychological.Importantmethodsofphysicaltortureare:?1.Beating:Beatingmaybeoffollowingtypes? i. Falanga(Falolka/Baatinada):Beatingofsolesoffeetwithblunt object. ii. Telefono:Simultaneousbeatingofbothearswithpalms. iii. Quirofana:Beatingonabdomenwhileupperhalfofbodylying unsupportedontable.2.Electric:Electrictorturemaybe- i. Piacana:Placingelectricwiresinvagina,mouth,anusorover nipplesandtestis. ii. Blackslave:Heatedmetalskewerinsertedintoanus.
3.Nearsuffocation:Theseare- i. Drysubmarine:Plasticbagcoveringheadandface. ii. Wetsubmarine(Labaneva/Latina/Pileta):Forcedimmersionof victim'sheadinwater,oftencontaminatedwithurineorvomitorblood.4.Suspension:Suspensionmaybe- i. La-Bandera:Bywrist. ii. Mercelago:Byankles. 5.Forcedposture:Itmaybe? i. Planton:Prolongedstanding. ii. Cabellete(Sawhorse):Forcedstruddlingofabar. iii. Parrot'sperch(Jack/paudeGrava):Headdownbyahorizontalpole placedunderknees,withthewristsboundtotheankles. iv. Chepuwa:Tightclampingofthighsorlegswithbamboo,andthe torturermaypresstwosidesofclampswithhislegsormaystandontwosidesofclamps(practicedonBhutaneserefugeesinNepal).
162.Ageunderwhichchildisconsidered incapableofcommittinganoffenceis? a)3years b)7years c)14years d)18years CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,7years
163.Impotenceisnotafeatureof- a)Doublepenis b)Bilateralcastration c)Hypospadias d)Penileamputation CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Hypospadias"Congenitalproblemssuchashypospadiasarenotusuallyassociatedwitherectiledysfunction"--MichaelCFoster
164.Howmanycuspsarepresentinchewing surfaceofpremolars? a)2 b)3 c)4 d)5 CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,2PremolarsorbicuspidsTheyhavetwocuspsonthechewingsurfaceofteeth.Therootisusuallysinglebutmaybedouble.
165.Hungerpangsareseenhowlongafter starvation? a)6hours b)12hours c)24hours d)48hours CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,24hoursWhenhungercontractionsstarttooccurinthestomach,theyareinformallyreferredtoashungerpangs.Hungerpangsusuallydonotbeginuntil12to24hoursafterthelastingestionoffood.
166.Apersonisdeclareddeadifnotseenby relativesforhowmanyyears? a)3years b)7years c)10years d)12years CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,7yearsApersonislegallydeclareddeadifnotseenfor7yearsfromthedateofdeclaredmissing.TheIndianEvidenceAct,undersection108provides7yearsfromthedatewhenceapersonisdeclaredtobemissingandhiswhereaboutsarenotknownforpresumingapersontobedead(Deathinabsentia).
167.Whatisthesituationoftheknotof ligatureincasesoftypicalhanging? a)Infrontofchin b)Angleofmandible c)Occiput d)Mastoid CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,OcciputTypicalhanging:Theligaturerunsfromthemidlineabovethethyroidcartilage,symmetricallyupwardonbothsideofnecktotheoccipitalregion,thepointofsuspension(knotofligature)beingonocciput(atnapeofneck).Atypicalhanging:Anyvariationfromtypicalknotsite(i.e.otherthanocciput/napeofneck)iscalledatypicalhanging.Mostcommonsiteofknotisnearonesideofmastoidprocessorangleofmandible.
168.AgeoferuptionofPermanent1stmolor ? a)6years b)8years c)10years d)12years CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,6years
169.InIndiaexhumationisorderedby? a)Magistrate b)HealthSecretory c)HealthMinister d)AnylocalMLA CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,MagistrateExhumationExhumationislawfuldiggingoutofaburriedbodyfromthegraveforthepurposeofidentificationordeterminationofcauseofdeath.Onlyamagistrate(executivemagistrate)canorderforexhumation.Inindia,thereisnotimelimitforexhumation,i.e.canbedoneatanytimeafterdeath.ItisdoneundersupervisionofmedicalofficerandMagistrateinpresenceofapoliceofficerwhoprovideswitnessestoidentifygrave,coffinanddeadbody,wheneverpossible,Magistrateshouldinformtherelativesandallowthemnottoremainpresentatthetimeofenquiry.Thewholeprocedureshouldbeconductedandcompletedinnaturaldaylight.Therefore,itisusuallystartedearlyinmorning.
170.Bulletwhichisleftinsidethebodyfor longisreferredtoas? a)Souvenirbullet b)Tracerbullet c)Tumblingbullet d)Tandembullet CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,SouvenirbulletProjectileisanobjectpropelledbyforceofrapidlyburninggases.Inshotguntheseareleadshotsandpellets(recentlysteelisalsousedinsteadoflead)andinrifledweapons(pistal,rifle,revolver),thesearebullets.Tipofthebulletisknwonasnose.Varietiesofbulletsare:- i. Incendiary(igniting)bullet:Thetipofbulletcontainsselfigniting materiale.g.bariumnitrateandpowderedaluminiumandmagnesium(inthepast,phosphoruswasused),sothatitcatchesfireonhittingthetarget.Itisusedtocausefireinusuallyinflammabletargetslikefueltanks(ofaircraftsetc). ii. Explosivebullet:Thetipcontainsadetonatororleadazide,sothat thebulletexplodesonhittingthetarget. iii. Dum-dumbullet(expandingbullet):Itisajacketedbulletwithisnose tipchiseledorcutoff.Itisdesignedtoincreaseindiameterandexpanduponstrikingthetarget,thusproducinglargerdiameterwoundsoflimitedpenetration. iv. Tandembullet(Piggeytailbullet):Itiscalledone-behind-otherbullet becausetwobulletsareejectedoneaftertheother,whenfirstbulletfailedtoleavetheburrelandisejectedbysubsequentlyfiredbullet.Therefore,bothenterbodythroughsameenterancewound(some
times,theymayenterthroughdifferententries),butthewoundsofexitarealwaystwo. v. Tandem(Duplex)cartridgeisoneinwhichtwobulletsarepresentin samecartridge.Itisusedinmilitaryrifles. vi. Tracerbullet:Itleavesatraceinatmospherealongthepathsothat aperson(gunner)canobservethestrike.Burningofbariumnitrateproducesflameandpowderedmagnesiumalongwithstrontiumnitrateareaddedtogiveredcolortotheflame. vii. Tumblingbullet:Onethatrotatesinendonendduringitsmotion. viii. Yawningbullet:Onewhichtravelsinanirregularfashionand causesakeyholeenterywound.Yawmeansdeviationbetweenlongaxisofbulletandtheaxisofpathofbullet. ix. Souvenirbullet:Abulletleftinbodyforlongtimeandissurrounded byfibroustissue. x. Frangilebullet:Designedtofragmentuponimpact. xi. Mushroomingofbullet:Asoftnosebullet,anhittingthetargetmay getdeformedtoassumetheshapeofamushroom.
171.Nysten'srulepertainsto? a)Rigormortis b)Identification c)Bulletinjuries d)Putrefaction CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,RigormortisRigormortisItisdefinedascontraction,stiffening,shortenigandopacityofmusclesafterdeath.Itoccursaftermolecular(cellular)death.Intropicalcountries(e.g.india),itbegins1-2hoursafterdeath,takesfurther2hourstodevelop,andlastsfor18-36hoursinsummerand24-48hoursinwinter.Intemperatecountries,itbeginsin3-6hours,takesfurther2-3hourstodevelopandlastsfor2-3days.Allmusclesofbodyareinvolved,i.e.voluntaryorinvoluntary.However,itdoesnotstartinallmusclessimultaneously(nysten'srule).Involuntarymuscles(heart)areinvolvedfirstthanvoluntarymuscles.Sequenceofmusclesinvolvementisasfollows:Heart>uppereyelid>neck>jaw>face>chest>upperlimb>abdomen>lowerlimb>fingerandtoes.Itpassesoffinthesameorderinwhichithasappeared.
172.Pinpointpupilsareseeninallexcept? a)Pontinehemorrhage b)Organophosphoruspoisoning c)Opiumpoisoning d)Barbituratepoisoning CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,BarbituratepoisoningPinpointpupilcanbecausedby:Opioids(morphine),organophosphates,phenothiazines,clonidine,mushroompoisoning,chloralhydrate,carbolicacidandpontinehemorrhage.
173.Analcoituswithoppositesexis- a)Bestiality b)Sodomy c)SinofGomorrah d)Fellatio CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,SodomyAnalintercoursebetweentwomalesorbetweenamaleandfemaleiscalledsodomy.Itiscalledsodomyasitusedtobepracticedinatowncalledsodomy.
174.
Punishmentforperjuryiscoveredundersection- a)191IPC b)193IPC c)195IPC d)1971PC CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,193IPC
175.Extremehungerinstarvationlastsupto- a)6-12hours b)12-24hours c)24-36hours d)36-48hours CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,36-48hoursStarvationistheresultofactualdeprivationoffoodoradministrationofunsuitablefood.Starvationmaybe:? 1. Acute(complete):Suddenandcompletestopageoffood.2. Chronic(partial):Gradualdeficientsupplyoffood.3. Anacutestarvation,thereservecarbohydrates,thenfatandlastthe proteinsareusedup. 4. Feelingofhungerwithhungerpainlastsfor30-48hours.5. After4-5days,thereisemaciation,absorptionfatandlossofweight (7-8kgin10days).
176.Rigormortisinfetusatbirthcanbeseen in? a)Deadborn b)Stillborn c)Superfoetation d)Superfecundation CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,DeadbornSignsofdeadborn(intrauterinedeath:IUD)are(i)Rigormortisatbirth,(ii)Maceration,(iii)Putrefaction,and(iv)Mummification.
177.Featurewhichdifferentiatestruefrom artificialbruiseis? a)Roundshapewithirregularmargins b)Irregularshapewithregularmargins c)Swellingofsurroundingarea d)Erythemaofsurroundingarea CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,RoundshapewithirregularmarginsSuch"injury"isanartificial/falsebruisethatmaybeproducedbyapplyingthejuicesofvariousirritantvegetablepoisons.OtheragentsthatcanproduceartificialbruisemayincludemadarjuiceorPlumbagoroot.Thejuice,likevitriol,hasbeenthrownonthefacewithevilintention.Homicidalpoisoningbyinternaladministrationofthejuiceisveryrare.
178.Bulletentrywound,forbulletenteringat acuteangleisidentifiedbywhatshapeofabrasioncollar? a)Circular b)Rectangular c)Oval d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-CAns.is`c'i.e.,OvalIfbulletentersatacuteangletotheskinthentheabrasioncollarisovalandifthebulletentersatrightangletotheskintheabrasioncollariscircular.
179.Atriamortisothernamefor? a)Gatewaysofdeath b)Gatewaysoflife c)Gatewaysofair d)Gatewaysofwater CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Gatewaysofdeath
180.Bitteralmondodourispercievedin poisoningwith? a)Cobalt b)Arsenic c)Cyanide d)Lead CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Cyanide
181.Incisedwoundwhichisnotafeature? a)Lengthisthegreatestdimention b)Widthismorethanthethicknessoftheblade c)Marginsareinverted d)Hesitationcutsareseeninsuicidalattempt CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,MarginsareinvertedMarginsareeverted,clear,andcleancut.
182.Suspendedanimationisseenin followingexcept? a)Sunstroke b)Cerebralconcussion c)Cholera d)Deleriumtremens CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,DeliriumtremensSuspendedanimationmaybeseeninelectrocution,drowning,cholera,afteranesthesia,shock,sunstroke,cerebralconcussion,narcoticpoisoning,newborninfantsandyogis/voluntary.
183.Puppe'sruledealswith? a)Chemicalinjuries b)Multipleimpactinjuries c)Sexualassault d)Percentageofburns CorrectAnswer-BAns.is`b'i.e.,Multipleimpactinjuries
184.Barberio'stestuseswhichofthe following? a)Picricacid b)Aceticacid c)Hydrochloricacid d)Sulfuricacid CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Picricacid
185.Pugilisticattitudeischaracteristically seenin? a)Burns b)Drowning c)Electrocution d)Hanging CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Burns
186.Whichofthefollowingshouldnotbe donewhiledealingwithapatientofsnakebite? a)Tightbandapplied b)Reassuarance c)Localincision d)Cleanwithsoapandwater CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,LocalincisionTreatmentofsnakebiteReassuranceshouldbegiventopatient.Applicationofpressureoverbittenareawhichdelaysabsorptionofvenom.Tieabroadfirmbandage(tourniquet)proximaltothebittenareaandaroundthelimbwhichwouldoccludevenousandlymphaticdrainagebutnotarterialordeepvenousflow.Limbimmobilization.Localincisionandsuctionshouldnotbedoneasitcancauselocalinjuryandnervedamage.Cleanthewoundwithsoapandwateroriodineandcoverwithsteriledressing.Polyvalentsnakeantivenomisgiven.Howeveritisgivenonlyinfollowingsituations: i. Rapidlyprogressiveandseverelocalfindings. ii. Therearemanifestationsofsystemictoxicity.
187.
PunishmentforcriminalabortionforthewomenwhogivesconsentandtheperformerarecoveredunderIPCsection? a)312 b)313 c)314 d)315 CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,312Punishmentforperformingcriminalabortionwiththeconsentofwomen;bothforthewomenandperformerisincludedinIPCSection312.
188.Professionaldeathinmedicalprofession is? a)Deathofdoctor b)Deathsentenceorderedbyjudge c)Deathduringpolicefiring d)RemovalofnameofdoctorfrompanelofRMP CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,RemovalofnameofdoctorfrompanelofRMPMCImaintainsmedicalregister(Indianmedicalregister)ofmedicalpractitioners.Theregistrarshouldkeeptheregisteruptodateby:?A.Deletingnamesof(Erasureofname):(i)Thosedead,(ii)Thoseawardedpenalerasure(professionaldeathsentence)forprofessionalmisconduct,(iii)Enteriesmadeinerrororfraud.B.Addingnamesof:(1)Freshgraduates,(ii)Whosetermoftemporaryerasureexpires.
189.Intercourseincloselyrelatedindividual inrelation? a)Incest b)Adultery c)Bestiality d)Tribadism CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,IncestIncestItmeanssexualintercoursebyamanwithawomanwhoiscloselyrelatedtohimbyblood(prohibiteddegreesofrelationship).Exampledaughter,granddaughter,sister,stepsister,aunt,ormother.Thesecasesusuallyhavepsychologicalfeatures.InIndia,incestisnotanoffence.AdulteryAdulteryreferstovolutarysexualintercoursebetweenamarriedpersonandaperson(marriedornot),otherthanhis/herspouse.BestialityItisthesexualintercoursebyahumanbeingwithaloweranimal.Tribadism(Lesbianismorfemalehomosexuality)Sexualgratificationofawomenobtainedbyanotherwomanbykissing,bodycontact,manipulationofbreastandgenitalia.Activepartneriscalleddykeorbutchandthepassiveagentiscalledfemme.ThisisnotanoffenceinIndia.
190.Causeofdeathincafecoronary? a)Chocking b)Laryngealedema c)Cardiacarrest d)Pulmonaryedema CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,CardiacarrestBothasphyxiaandcardiacarrestarecausesofdeathincaf?coronary.Mostoftheguideshavegivenasphyxiaastheanswer.Butaccordingtomecardiacarrestisthebetterone.Readfollowingstatements:"Deathappearstobeduetosuddenheartattack."--Reddy"Thebolusoffoodobstructthelarynx,stimulatinglaryngealnerve,sostimulatingvagusnerveandthusresultinginsuddencardiopulmonaryarrestandtherebysuddendeath."--S.K.Singhal"Deathisduetoasphyxiaorreflexcardiacarrest."--Parikh"Deathoccursduetocardiacarrestfollowingparasympatheticstimulationthroughlaryngealnerveending."--R.N.Karmaker
191.Penaltyawardedaccordingtodowry prohibitionact? a)15000Rsand5years b)30000Rsand7years c)Lifeimprisonment d)Imprisonmentfor10years CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,15000Rsand5yearsAccordingtoDowryProhibitionact(1961),ifanypersongivesortakesorabetsthegivingortakingdowryispunishablewithimprisonmentforatermwhichshallnotbelessthan5yearsandwithafinewhichshallnotbelessthen15000rupeesortheamountofthevalueofsuchdowry,whicheverismore.Note-Accordingtosection304BIPCpunishmentfordowrydeathisimprisonmentforatleast10years,whichmaybeextendedtolifeimprisonment.
192.
Hurtisdefinedundersection? a)320IPC b)321IPC c)319IPC d)323IPC CorrectAnswer-CAns.is`c'i.e.,319IPC319IPC:Defineshurt.320IPC:Definesgrievoushurt.321IPC:Voluntarilycausinghurt.322IPC:Voluntarilycausinggrievoushurt.323IPC:Punishmentforvoluntarilycausinghurt(noprovocation,nodangerousweapon)(1yearsimprisonment).324IPC:Punishmentforvoluntarilycausinghurtbydangerousweapon(3yearsimprisonment?fine).325IPC:Punishmentforvoluntarilycausinggrievoushurt(noprovocation,nodangerousweapon)(7yearsimprisonment?fine).
193.ClassIjudicialmagistratehaspowerto givepunishmentof- a)5yr,Rs.3000 b)3yr,Rs.5000 c)5yrRs.5000 d)3yr,Rs3000 CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,3yr,Rs.5000oPowersofMagistrate(sec29CrPC) Class Imprisonment Fine Chief Any judicial Upto7years amount magistrateClass1 Rs judicial Upto3years 5000 magistrateClass2 Rs judicial Uptolyear 1000 magistrate
194.Shapeofstabwounddependson- a)Edgeofweapon b)Shapeofweapon c)Width d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,AlloftheaboveAstabwoundisaninjurycausedbyamoreorlesssharppointedweaponwhenitisdriveninthroughtheskinanditsdepthisthegreatestdimension.Thesizeandshapeofthestabwoundintheskinisdependentonthetypeofweapon,cuttingsurface,edgesharpness,widthandshapeofweapon,bodyregionstabbed,theangleofwithdrawal,thedirectionofthurst,themovementofbladeinbody,cleavagedirection,movementofpersonstabbedandtheconditionoftensionorrelaxationofskin.Withadouble-edgedweapontheshapeofthewoundwillbeellipticalorslitlikeandbothangleswillbesharporpointed.Withasingle-edgedweapon,theshapewillbetriangularorwedgeshapedandoneangleofthewoundwillbesharp,theotherrounded,blunt,orsquared-off.Bluntendontheskinmayhavesmallsplits,so-called"fish-tailing"ifthebackedgeofthebladeisheavy.Aspearoranotherroundobjectcausesacircularwound.
195.Fingerprintwasfirstestablishedin? a)England b)China c)India d)Singapore CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,IndiaFingerprintswerediscoveredbyanICSofficerSirWilliamHerschelle(1958).ButstudywassystemizedbySirFrancisGulton(1892)andwasfurtherimprovizedbySirEdwardHenery.Fingerprintsisthebestsystemofidentificationtilldateandteeth(dentalstatus)isconsideredthesecondbest.ThefirsteverfingerprintBureauoftheworldwasestablishedatCalcutta(inWriter'sbuilding)inIndia
196.Cafecornoraycommonlyoccurswhena personis- a)Intoxicated b)Eatingfattyfood c)Eatingmeat d)Eatingfish CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,IntoxicatedCafecoronary:Itreferstoaccidentalchockingbybolusoffoodobstructinglarynx.Deathismostlyduetoasphyxia,orduetoreflexcardiacarrestcausedbystimulationoflaryngealnerveendings.Itiscommonwhengagreflexissuppressed,e.g.intoxicatedindividualsandfollowinglargedoeseoftranquilizers.
197.Incestisdefinedassexualintercourse between? a)Manandanimals b)Manandcloselyrelatedwomen c)Manandwomenotherthanwife d)Manandman CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Manandcloselyrelatedwomen
198.Theidealplacetorecordbody temperatureindeadbodyis? a)Rectum b)Axilla c)Mouth d)Groin CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,RectumMostcommonsiteforrecordingtemperatureistherectum.Thermameterisinsertedinrectumaround8-10cmfor2minutes.Othersitesforrecordingtemperaturearenose,ear(externalauditorymeatus),vagina,andunderliver.
199.Underwhichsection,policecanarresta personandaskmedicalofficertoexaminehimwithoutvictimsconsent? a)Sec330IPC b)Sec53IPC c)Sec190IPC d)Sec304-AIPC CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Sec53IPC531PC:Anaccusedcanbeexaminedbyamedicalpractitioneratrequestofpolice,evenwithouthisconsentorbyforce.304-AIPC:Causingdeathbynegligence(criminalnegligence)whichalsoincludesmedicalnegligence(Punishableup2yearsorfineorboth).330.331,339,341IPCs:Torture.190IPC:Threatofrefrainingapersonfromapplyingprotectiontoapublicservant.
200.Firstsecondaryossificationcenter appearsin a)Lowerendoffemur b)Upperendofhumerus c)Lowerendoffibula d)Upperendoftibia CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Lowerendoffemur Sitegivenin Secondaryossificationquestion centerappearsat Lowerendof 9thmonthintrauterinelife femurUpperendof Atbirth tibiaUpperend 1/2-1yearofage humerusLowerendof 1yearofage fibula
201.Ruleof9inburnsisusedtodenote? a)Depthofbums b)%oftotalbodysurfacearea c)Severityofbums d)Typeofbums CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,%oftotalbodysurfacearea
202.Cheilographyisthestudyof? a)Fingerprints b)Lipprints c)Breathanalysis d)Footprints CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,LipprintsCheiloscopyorqueiloscopyisthestudyoflipprints.Podogramisthestudyoffootprintswhichareduetoridgeonthesoleandtoesofthefoot.Palatoprints(rugoscopy)isthestudyofanteriorpartofpalate.DactylographyDermatoglyphics/Galtonsystem-isthestudyofFingerprints.Fingerprintpatternisabsolutelyindividuali.e.notwohandsareentirelyalike,notevenidenticaltwins.That'swhy,itisbest(mostsensitiveandmostspecific)andmostreliablemethodofidentification(Quetelet'sruleofbiologicalvariation).
203.Inapatientofunilaterallossofvision, thepatienthadinjurytooppositeeyeleadingtocornealopacification.Thepatientwasoperatedbycornealgrafting,hecouldseeclearlyagainwithoneeye.Theinjuryissaidtobe a)Simple b)Grievous c)Dangerous d)Hazardous CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'b'i.e.,GrievousThispatienthadpermanentvisionlossasitwascorrectedbysurgery(cornealtransplant).Permanentlossofsightofeithereyeisgrievoushurt.Injuriescanbeclassifiedas1.Asimpleinjuryisonewhichisneitherextensivenorserious,andwhichwouldhealrapidlywithoutleavinganypermanentdeformityordisfiguration.2.Agrievousinjuryisone(i)Whichisextensiveorserious(ii)Whichdoesnothealrapidly,and(iii)Whichleavesapermanentdeformityordisfiguration.Section320IPCdefinesfollowinginjuriesasgrievous. 1. Emasculation(cuttingofthepenis,castration;orcausinglossof poweroferectionduetospinalinjury). 2. Permanentprivationofthesightofeithereye.
3. Permanentprivationofthehearingofeitherear.4. Privationofanymember(part,organ,limb)orjoint.5. Destructionorpermanentimpairingofpowersofanymemberor joint. 6. Permanentdisfigurationofheadorface.7. Fractureordislocationofaboneoratooth.8. Anyhurtwhichendangerouslifeorwhichcausesthesufferertobe, duringthespaceoftwentydaysinseverebodilypain,orunabletofollowhisdailyroutine.Section319IPCdefineshurtasbodilypain,disease,orinfirmity,causedtoanyperson.Grievoushurtisacognisableoffenceforwhichapoliceofficercanarrestapersonwithoutawarrantfrommagistrate.3.Dangerousinjuryisavarietyofgrievousinjury.Itisaninjurywhichposesanimmediatedangertolifeandisfatalinabsenceofsurgicalaid,e.g.gunshotwounds,compoundskullfracture,traumatolargebloodvesselorruptureofinternalorganlikespleen.
204.Telefonomeans? a)Beatingonsoles b)Beatingonpalms c)Beatingonears d)Pullingofhair CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,BeatingonearsTelefono:Simultaneousbeatingofbothearswiththepalmofhands.Thismayleadtoruptureoftympanicmembrane,causingpain,bleedingandhearingloss.Itisdifficulttodetectthis.Theexternalearmayalsogettornduringpullingoftheears.Falanga:beatingofsoleswithbluntobject.Itisthemostcommontypeoftorture.Itcancauseimmediate&longtermconsequences,evendisability
205.Virchowmethodoforganremovalis? a)Organsremovedenmasse b)Organsremovedonebyone c)Insitudissection d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,OrgansremovedonebyoneMethodsofremovaloforgansVirchow'stechnique-organsareremovedonebyone.Cranialcavityisexposedfirst,followedbythoracic,cervical&abdominalorgans.Rokitansky'stechnique-Itinvolvesinsitudissectioninpart,combinedwithenblockremoval.Lettulle'stechnique-Cervical,thoracic,abdominal&pelvicorgansareremovedenmasse&dissectedasorganblock.
206.Primaryinjuryis? a)Duetoflyingdebrisb b)Duetoblastwind c)Duetoshockwave d)Duetocomplication CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,DuetoshockwaveTypesofblastinjuriesTheseareoffollowingtypes:? 1. Primary:Itisduetoshockwavewhichcausesinjurytohollow organs.e.g.ears,lungs,eyes,GITetc. 2. Secondary:Theseareduetoflyingdebris(missiles).Classical Marshallstriadi.e.bruises,abrasionsandpuncturelacerationisdiagnosticofexplosiveinjury. 3. Tertiary:Itisduetoblastwind,i.e.victmisthrownintoairand strikesotherobjectsleadingtofracture,blunttraumaetc. 4. Quaternary:Anycomplicatingfactor(notinfirstthreecategories) causesquaternaryinjury,e.g.anoxia,respiratoryproblemsetc
207.Accordingtowhichsection,aperson canbepunishedformurderwithimprisonmentfor10years a)Sec301IPC b)Sec300IPC c)Sec302IPC d)Sec304IPC CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Sec302302IPC:Punishmentformurder(deathorlifeimprisonment).301IPC:Culpablehomicidebycausingdeathofpersonotherthanpersonwhosedeathwasintended.300IPC:Murder(definingmurder).303IPC:Punishmentofmurderoflifeconvict(death).304IPC:Punishmentofculpablehomicide,notamountingtomurder(10yearsimprisonmentffine).305IPC:Abetmentofsuicideofchildorinsaneperson.306IPC:Abetmentofsuicide.307IPC:Attempttomurder(10yearsimprisonmentffine).308IPC:Attempttocommitculpablehomicide(3-7yearsimprisonment?fine).309IPC:Attempttocommitsuicide(1yearsimprisonment?fine).
208.Doctrineofresipsaloquiturmeans? a)Commonknowledge b)Medicalmaloccurance c)Factspeaksforitself d)Oralevidence CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,FactspeaksforitselfDoctrineofresipsaloquiturItmeans"thethingorfactspeaksforitself".Inacaseofprofessionalnegligenceofaphysician,thepatientneednotprovenegligence.Itisappliedwhenfollowingconditionsarefulfilled: 1. Thatintheabsenceofnegligencetheinjurywouldnothave occurredordinarily. 2. Thatthedoctorhadexclusivecontrolovertheinjuryproducing instrumentortreatment. 3. Thatthepatientwasnotguiltyofcontributorynegligence.
209.Numberofteethcanbecountedbyall thefollowingmethodsexcept- a)Gustafsonmethod b)Milemethod c)Boydemethod d)Framemethod CorrectAnswer-DAns.is`d'i.e.,FramemethodAgefromteethafter20yearsTeetheruptionisusefulforageestimationuptoabout18years,beyondwhichitisjustaguesswork.Themethodsusedare:?A.Gustafson'smethod:Usefulonlyinpersonsolderthan21yearsofage,dependingonthephysiologicalchangesineachofthedentaltissues.1.Attrition-duetowearandtearfrommastication,uppersurfaceofteethdestroyedgradually,firstinvolvingtheenamel-dentine-pulp(dependingonthefunctionaluseofteethandhardnessofenamel).2.Paradentosis-recessionofgumsandperiodontaltissuesurroundingtheteeth,exposingtheneckandadjacentpartofroot-teethfalloff(poorhygieneincreasesparadentosis).3.Secondarydentineformation-developwithinthepulpcavityanddecreasesizeofthecavity,startfrombase-apex,obliteratethecavity,increasewithage,cariesandparadentosis.4.Cementumapposition-neartheendofroot,increasecementum,increasethickness,depositedthroughoutlife,andformincrementallines(devisedbyBoyde).5.Rootresorption-becauseofcementumanddentine,absorptionofrootstartatapexandextendupward(maybepathological).
6.Transparencyoftheroot-seenafter30yearsofage,canalinthedentineatfirstwiden,increasewithagebecauseofdepositionofminerals.Theybecomeinvisibleanddentinebecomestransparent(Mostreliableofallthecriteria).B.Mile'smethod:Agecanbeknownbychangesofroottransparency.C.Boyde'method:Onenamelofthetooth,thereisalineatbirth(neonatalline).Withincreaseinage,morelinesareadded,studyofwhichhelpsinagedetermination.D.Stack'smethod:Ageofinfantcanbeknownfromheightandweightoferuptingteeth.
210.Termcafecoronarywascoinedby? a)RogerHaugen b)J.Morton c)NeilMarkson d)M.Hoppefield CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,RogerHaugenApopularterm'cafecoronary'wascoinedbyDr.RogerHaugen,MedicalExaminerofBrowardCounty,Floridaforsuchimpactionoffoodintherespiratorypassage".--KrishanVij
211.Mostcommonorganinvolvedinairblast injuryis? a)Eardrum b)Stomach c)Eye d)Lung CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,EardrumBlastorshockwaveWhenanexplosionoccurs,theexplosivematerialproducesalargevolumeofgasandreleasesalargeamountofenergy.Itproducesa'shockwave'whichspreadconcentricallyfromthesiteofexplosion.Theinjuriesdependontheenvironmentinwhichblastoccurs:- 1. Airblast(mostcommon):Explosionoccursinair.Thereis barotraumatoairfilledholloworgans.Tympanicmembrane(eardrum)ismostsensitiveandmostcommonlyinjured.Lungisthesecondorgantobeinjuredandisthemostcommonlyinjuredholloworganandmostcommoncauseoflifethreateninginjury.Otherpartsinjuredaremiddleear,cochlea,eyes,bowels,mesentery,omentumandbrain.Homogenoussolidorganslikeliverandmusclesareusuallynotaffected. 2. Underwaterblast(explosionunderwater):Gastrointestinaltractis injuredmostcommonly.Lungsarealsoinjured. 3. Solidblast:Explosiveisdetonatedneararigid/solidstructureand waveofenergyspreadsthroughit.Ifpeopleareincontactwiththatrigidstructure,injuriestakeplace.Theinjuriesaremostlyskeletal;fractureoflegsandvertebralcolumnaremorecommon.GITdamageismorecommonthanlung
212.Theoutercoveringofdiatomismadeof ? a)Magnesium b)Silica c)Hydrocarbons d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,SiliconTheextracellularcoatofdiatomshassilica.Diatomsareunicellularalgae,suspendedinwater.Theyhavesilicaceouscellwall(i.e.cellwallcontainssilica)whichresistaciddigestionandputrefaction.Onlylivebodywithacirculationcantransportdiatomsformlungtobrain,bonemarrow,musclesetc.So,presenceofdiatomsinbrainandbonemarrowindicatesdeathduetodrowning.Fordetectionofdiatoms,bonemarrowoflongbones,e.g.femur,tibia,humerusorsternumishighlysuitableandreliable.Asdiatomsresistaciddigestion,toextractthemaciddigestiontechiniqueisused.Diatomstestisnegativeindeadbodiesthrowninwaterandindrydrowning.However,diatomstestisinvalid,ifdeceasedhaddrunkthiswaterbeforesubmersionorspeciesofdiatomsdonotmatchwithspecimenfromthesiteofdrowning
213.Reliablemethodofidentificationof personis? a)Gustafson'smethod b)Galtonmethod c)Scar d)Anthropometry CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,GaltonmethodGaltonmethodorFingerprintsordactylographyisthebestsystemofidentificationtilldate.Thefingerprintsarecapableofendlessvariationsothatthereisonechanceinsixtyfourbillionsoftwopersonshavingidenticalprints.Dactylography/Dermatoglvphics/Galtonsystem/FingerprintsFingerprintsarepresentfrombirthbothonepidermisanddermis,remainconstantthroughoutlifeandcan'tbealteredwithoutdestroyingtrueskin.Fingerprintpatternisabsolutelyindividuali.e.notwohandsareentirelyalike,notevenidenticaltwins.That'swhy,itisbest(mostsensitiveandmostspecific)andmostreliablemethodofidentification(Quetelet'sruleofbiologicalvariation).DNAfingerprintingmaybesameinmonozygotictwins.Thepatternisneitherinheritednoridenticalinanytwopersons.Sothepaternitycannotbeprovedthroughfingerprintpatterns.However,paternitycanbeprovedbyDNAfingerprinting.Loops(67%mostcommon)>whorls(25%)>arches(7%)>composite(2%leastcommon)arefourmaintypesofpattern.Itisacceptedthatchancesof2fingerprintsmatching16ridgecharacteristicareinfinitelysmall(Parikh's).Inpractice8-16(Reddy)
/16-20(Seth,Simpson)pointsoffinecomparisionareacceptedasproofofidentity.Locard'sporoscopymethodisstudyofmicroscopicpores,formedbymouthsofductsofsubepidermalsweatglandpresentonridgesoffingers.Theseporesarepermanent,remainunchangedduringlifeandareveryusefulwhenonlyfragmentsoffingerprintsareavailable.Eachmilimetercontains9-18pores.CriminalsmayattempttomultilatefingerprintsbyapplyingCO2snow,corrosiveagents,burnsorerodingagainsthardsurface.Butthesemannersdonotdestroyfingerprintspermanentlyunlesstrueskiniscompletelydestroyed.
214.Quantumofpunishmentindowrydeath is? a)7years b)5years c)Death d)10years CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,10years304-BIPC:Dowrydeath:10yearsofimprisonmentwhichcanextendtolife.498-AIPC:Punishmentforcrueltybyhusbandorhisrelatives.DowrydeathInsomecasesnewlymarriedgirlsareabused,harassed,cruellytreatedandtorturedbythehusband,in-lawsandtheirrelativesfororinconnectionwithanydemandfordowry.Inextremecases,thewomaniskilledbyburningorsomeothermethod.Lawinrelationtodowrydeathare:Lowprescribingpunishmentanddefinition(section304BIPC)Husbandor(hisany)relativewillbetriedundersection304B,IPCandshallhedeemedtohavecausedherdeath,ifawomandiesduetobodilyinjuryorburnsorotherwiseinsuspiciouscircumstanceswithin7yearsofmarriageanditisshownthatsoonbeforeherdeathshewassubjectedtoharassmentorcrueltybythem,inconnectionwith,anydemandfordowry.Suchdeathshallbecalleddowrydeath.Punishmentincludesimprisonmentofnotlessthan10years,butwhichmayextendtolifeimprisonment'.Lowprescribingpunishmentforcausingcrueltytoamarriedwomen(Sec.498A,IPC)Husbandor(hisany)relativewillbetriedundersection498A,IPC
Husbandor(hisany)relativewillbetriedundersection498A,IPCforcausingcrueltytoamarriedwoman.Crueltyisdefinedasanywillfulconductwhichdrivesthewomantocommitsuicideorgravephysicalormentalinjurytoherorharassmentofthewomenwithaviewtocoerce(intimidate)herfordowry.Punishmentincludesimprisonmentwhichmayextendupto3yearsandfine.
215.Cephalicindexisusedfor a)Race b)Age c)Sex d)Stature CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,RaceCephalicindex,heightindex&nasalindexareusedfordeterminationofrace.Cephalicindex=maximumbreadthofskull/maximumlengthofskullx100 Cephalic Typeofskull Race index Dolichocephalic(long PureAryan, 70-75 headed) Aborigines,Negroes Mesaticephalic Europeansand 75-80 (mediumheaded) Chinese Brachycephalic(short 80-85 Mongolian headed)
216.Activeingredientofmarkingnutis? a)Semecarpol b)Crotin c)Abrin d)None CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,SemecarpolSemicarpusanacardiumormarkingnutorbhilawanItsseedareheartshaped,conicalandblackwithacridoilyjuicewhichisbrownishbutturnsblackonexposuretoair.Activeprinciplesaresemecarpolandbhilawanol.Juiceappliedtoskinproducesirritation,painfulblistersfollowedbyitchingandeczema.Thereforeitisusedtoproduceartificialbruises.Itisalsousedbywashermantomarkclothes.
217.Muggingiscompressionofneckby? a)Woodensticks b)Rope c)Forearm d)Hand CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,ForearmMugging(chokehold):Itiscompressionofneckbyforearmorinthebendofelbow.Bansdola:Compressionofneckwithoneortwowoodensticksorbamboo.Garrotting:Itiscompressionofneckbyaropethrownfrombehind.Spanishwindlassisatypeofgarrotting,whichusedtobetheofficialmodeofexecutioninspain.Inthis,anironcolloraroundtheneckwastightenedbyascrewforstrangulation.Throttling(manualstrangulation):Neckiscompressedbyoneorbothhands.
218.TimelimitofexhumationinIndiais- a)Onemonth b)Oneyear c)Tenyears d)Nolimit CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,NolimitExumationItislawfuldiggingoutofaburiedbodyfromthegraveforthepurposeofidentificationordeterminationofcauseofdeath.Onlyamagistrate(executivemagistrate)canorderforexhumation.Inindia,thereisnotimelimitforexhumation,i.e.canbedoneatanytimeafterdeath.ItisdoneundersupervisionofmedicalofficerandMagistrateinpresenceofapoliceofficerwhoprovideswitnessestoidentifygrave,coffinanddeadbody,wheneverpossible,Magistrateshouldinformtherelativesandallowthemnottoremainpresentatthetimeofenquiry.Thewholeprocedureshouldbeconductedandcompletedinnaturaldaylight.Therefore,itisusuallystartedearlyinmorning.
219.Blackfootdiseaseiscausedby a)Arsenic b)Cadmium c)Lead d)Mercury CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,ArsenicChronicarsenicexposurecancause'blackfootdisease'asevereformofperipheralvasculardisease,causinggangreneoflowerlimbs.Arsenicpoisoningmaybeacuteorchronic.AcutearsenicpoisoningItcanpresentinanyofthetwoways: 1. Gastrointestinaltype:Itisthecommonformandresembles bacterialgastroenteritis(e.g.cholera).Thereisgarlicadourwithhemorrhagicgastroenteritisandnecrosisofintestinalmucosa.Thereistenesmusandanalirritation.Dehydrationmaycauseacutecirculatorycollapse,withhypotension,oliguriaandacutetubularnecrosis(ATN). 2. Fulminantnarcoticform:Largedoseofarsenicisrapidlyabsorbed withoutproducingGIsymptoms.Thesearegiddiness,headache,myalgia,formication,vertigoanddeathin2-3hours.Postmortemappearanceinclude: 1. Redvelvetymucosaofstomachandsubmucouspetechial haemorrhage. 2. Subendocardialpetechialhaemorrhage.3. Fattydegenerationofliver,kidneyandheart. Chronicarsenicpoisoning
Chronicarsenicpoisoninghasfourstages: 1. Firststage(nutritionalandgastrointestinaldisturbances):The earliestsignisgradualemaciation.Thereislossofappetite,nauseaandintermittentvomitinganddiarrhea. 2. Secondstage(catarrhalchanges):Itresemblescommoncold,i.e. conjunctivitis,runningnoseandeyes,coughingetc. 3. Thirdstage(skinrash):Thereisclassical'raindroppigmentation', i.e.patchybrownpigmentationofskin.Atinitialstages,thereisavesiculareruptionwhichmayresemblenettlerash.Hyperkeratosisofpalmsandsolesoccur.Therearewhitetransversebandscrossingthenails,knownasMee'sline,andindicateperiodsofarrestedgrowthduetointerferencewithnormalmetabolism.Thereisalopeciaandexfoliativedermatitis. 4. Fourthstage(nervousdisturbances):Thereissensoryandmotor (i.e.mixed)polyneuropathy,withpainfulparesthesiaofhandsandfeetandmuscletenderness.Theremaybeevidenceofliver(fattyliver)andkidneydamageandbonemarrowsuppression(causinganemiaandothercytopenias).Heartmayalsobeinvolved.Chronicarsenicexposurecanalsocause'blackfootdisease'asevereformofperipheralvasculardisease,causinggangreneoflowerlimbs.Arseniciscarcinogenic,cancausecancersofskin(squamouscellcarcinomaandbasalcellcarcinoma),lung,liver,bladder,kidney,larynxandlymphoidsystem(leukemia).
220.Allaresignsofsomaticdeathexcept? a)Cessationofrespiration b)Cessationofheart c)Non-respondingmuscles d)Noresponsetoexternalstimuli CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Non-respondingmusclesDeathdenotesdeathofhumanbeing(46IPC).Itisdefinedascessationoflifeorcesationtoexist.Deathisoftwotypes(1)somaticdeath(systemicdeathorclinicaldeath)and(2)moleculardeath(cellulardeath).Somaticdeath(systemicdeathorclinicaldeath)Itisthecompleteandirreversiblestoppageofthecirculation,respirationandbrainfunctions(bishop'stripodoflife).Somaticdeathisassociatedwithimmediatesignsofdeath:? 1. Permanentandcompletecessationoffunctionofbrainandflat electricEEGwithnoresponsetoexternalstimuli;i.e.braindeath. 2. Permanentandcompletecessationoffunctionofheartandflat ECG. 3. Permanentandcompletecessationoffunctionoflungs. Somaticdeathisduetostoppedaerobicprocesses.However,anaerobicenzymaticprocessesarestillcontinuing,hence(i)musclesstillrespondtomechanical,electricalandthermalstimuli,(ii)pupilsstillrespondtomioticsandmydriatics.Moleculardeath(cellulardeath)Itoccursaftersomaticdeath.Itreferstodeathofallindividualcells.Itoccurswhenevenanaerobicprocessesstop,duetononavailabilityofATP.Atthisstage:
1. Musclesdonotrespondtostimuli.2. Pupilsdonotrespondtostimuliordrugs.3. Thereareearlysignsandlatesignsofdeath: Earlysigns:Changesinskinandeye,coolingofthebody,post-mortemlividity,changesinmuscles(e.g.primaryrelaxation,rigormortis).Latesigns:Decomposition(putrefaction),adipocerefromationandmummification.4.Moleculardeathofvariousorgansoccuratdifferentintervalsaftersomaticdeath: 1. Nervoustissue-->After5minutes.2. Liver--->After15minutes.3. Heart-->After45minutes.4. Kidney-->After1hours.5. Muscles-->After3hours.6. Cornea-->After6hours.7. BloodAfter6hours.
221.WhatdoesGettlerstestdetects? a)Diatomsindrowning b)Chloridecontentofbloodindrowning c)Weightindrowning d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,ChloridecontentofbloodindrowningGettlertestestimateschloridecontentofbloodfrombothsidesofheart.Itisdonefordrowning.Normallythechloridecontentisequalintherightandleftchambersoftheheart(600mg/100m1).Infreshwaterdrowningduetohemodilutionthechloridecontentisdecreasedandinsaltwaterdrowningduetohemoconcentrationthechloridecontentisincreasedinleftsideofheart.A25%differenceinchlorideissignificantbutthetestisofdoubtfulvalue.
222.Methodofautopsyinwhichvarious systemsorgansareremovedenmasse? a)Rokitansky b)Virchow c)Gasses d)Lettulle CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,LettulleMethodsofremovaloforgansVirchow'stechnique-organsareremovedonebyone.Cranialcavityisexposedfirst,followedbythoracic,cervical&abdominalorgans.Rokitansky'stechnique-Itinvolvesinsitudissectioninpart,combinedwithenblockremoval.Lettulle'stechnique-Cervical,thoracic,abdominal&pelvicorgansareremovedenmasse&dissectedasorganblock.
223.Inblastinjury,whatistheorgantobe damagedfirst- a)Tympanicmembrane b)Git c)Liver d)Lung CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.Tympanicmembrane
224.Immersionsyndromeisalsocalledas? a)Hydrocution b)Wetdrowning c)Drydrowning d)Secondarydrowning CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,HydrocutionImmersionsyndrome-isalsocalledashydrocutionorsubmersioninhibitionorvagalinhibition.AtypicaldrowningItreferstodrowninginwhichevenaftersubmersionofbodyinwater,littleornowaterantersrespiratorypassagesandlungs.Hencetypicalfindingsofwetdrowningintheformoffrothandoedemaaquosun:oflungsarenotfound.Atypicaldrowningmaybe: 1. Drydrowning:Oncontactwithwater,especiallycoldwater,there resultsintenselaryngospasm,sothatwaterdoesnotenterthelungs.Deathisduetoasphyxiabecauseoflaryngospasm. 2. Immersionsyndrome(hydrocution/submersioninhibition/vagal inhibition):Suddendeathoccursduetovagalinhibitionasaresultof(a)suddenimpactwithcoldwater,(b)duckdiving(fallinginwaterwithfeetfirst),and(c)horizontalentryinwaterwithimpactonepigastrium. 3. Submersionofunconscious:Ifpersonisunconscioussincebefore submersioninwater,littleornowaterentersrespiratorypassages.ItmayoccurinMI,cerebrovascularaccident,hypertension,epilepsy,cerebralaneurysmandindrunkstate. 4. Neardrowning(secondarydrowningsyndrome/postimmersion
syndrome):Inthisdrowningissurvivedanddeathoccursatalaterstageafterremovalfromwater.Eitherthepersonhimselfcomesoutofwaterorheisrecoveredalive,butduetocomplicationsofsubmersion,hediesatalaterstage.Itisduetohypoxicencephalopathyandfibrosingalveolitis.Thedeathoccursduetocombinedeffectofcerebralhypoxia,pulmonaryedema,aspirationpneumonitis,electrolytedisturbancesandmetabolicacidosis.
225.Blanketconsentisconsenttaken- a)Whenthepatientcomestodoctorfortreatment b)Oralconsent c)Writtenconsent d)Takenatthetimeofadmissiontodoanysurgery CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'i.e.,TakenatthetimeofadmissiontodoanysurgeryBlanketconsent:Itreferstoconsentwhichistakenusuallyonaprintedform,atthetimeofadmissionofthepatient,authorizingthedoctortodoanysurgeryunderanyanaesthesia.Legally,itisnoconsent,i.e.itisofnovalueincourt.Tobelegallyvalid,theconsentistobeobtainedforeachspecificprocedureandoperation.Impliedconsent:Inthis,consentpresumedtobethere.Theveryfactthatthepatienthascometothedoctorfortreatment,itispresumedthathisconsentisthereforroutinephysicalexamination.e.g.inspection,palpation,auscultationandpercussion.Impliedconsentisanon-writtenbutlegallyeffectiveformofconsent,whichisnotexpresslyasserted.Expressedconsent:Itisstated(oralorwritten)inclearandexplicitlanguage.Oralconsent,giveninpresenceoftwoormorewitnessesisasvalidaswrittenconsent,butthereisnorecord.Writtenconsentisbetterasthereisarecordofconsentavailable,incasesofdispute.Writteninformedconsent:Itisatypeofexpressedconsentinwrittenformwhichisgivenbythepatientafterbeinginformedofnatureofillnessornatureofprocedureoroperationtobedone,itsalternatives,itsconsequencesandcomplications.
226.Testamentarycapacityis? a)Abilitytogivewillfulstatement b)Abilitytomakewill c)Abilitytojudge d)None CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'b'i.e.,AbilitytomakewillTestamentarycapacity(testament=will)isthementalabilitytomakeavalidwill.Willdenotesanytestamentarydocument.Therequirementforavalidwillareasfollows.Awrittenandproperlysignedandwitnesseddocumentmustexist.Thetestatormustbeamajorandofsounddisposingmindatthetimeofmakingthewill.Forceundueinfluenceordishonestrepresentationoffacts,shouldnothavebeenappliedbyothers.
227.Idealtimetostartexhumation? a)Midnight b)Lateevening c)Afternooninproperlight d)Earlymorning CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,EarlymorningExumationExumationislawfuldiggingoutofaburriedbodyfromthegraveforthepurposeofidentificationordeterminationofcauseofdeath.Onlyamagistrate(executivemagistrate)canorderforexhumation.Inindia,thereisnotimelimitforexhumation,i.e.canbedoneatanytimeafterdeath.ItisdoneundersupervisionofmedicalofficerandMagistrateinpresenceofapoliceofficerwhoprovideswitnessestoidentifygrave,coffinanddeadbody,wheneverpossible,Magistrateshouldinformtherelativesandallowthemnottoremainpresentatthetimeofenquiry.Thewholeprocedureshouldbeconductedandcompletedinnaturaldaylight.Therefore,itisusuallystartedearlyinmorning.
228.Allaretrueaboutantemortemcontusion except? a)Sequentialcolorchange b)Noinflammation c)Raizedenzymelevels d)BloodcellsinsurroundingtissueAccidendal CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Noinflammation
229.chockingofrespiratorypassageby bolusoffood? a)Gaging b)Overlying c)Cafecoronary d)Burking CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Cafecoronary
230.Latte'scrustofbloodstainisusedto detect? a)Natureofstain b)Detectionspecies c)Bloodgroup d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,BloodgroupBloodandbloodstainsTheexaminationofbloodandbloodstainsisanimportantpartofcrimedetection.Thepointsthatareusuallyrequiredtobedeterminedregardingstainsare:(1)natureofstain(whetherthestainsisbloodornot);(2)thespecies(humanoranimal)fromwhichthebloodhascomefrom;and(3)bloodgroup.Natureofstain(whetherthestainisbloodornot)Todeterminethenatureofstain,followingtestsareused:1.Chemicaltests 1. Thesetestsarebasedontheperoxidaseactivityofhaematin,which is,derivedfromoxidationofhaemofhaemoglobinormethemoglobin,present.Thisenzyme,inthepresenceofhydrogenperoxideconvertscolourlesssaltsintocolouredbases.ThusthesetestsarebasedonH202andperoxidaseenzyme.Testsare: 2. Benzidinetest:Greenishbluecolour.3. Phenolphthaleintest(kastlemyeretest):Deeppermanganate colour. 4. Leucomalachitegreentest:Bluishgreenorpeacockbluecolour.5. Guaiacumtest:Bluecolour.
6. Orthotoludinetest(kohntest):Blueorgreencolour.7. Amidopyrinetest:Purplecolour. 2.MicrochemicaltestsThesetestsarebasedonpropertyofhaempartofhemoglobintoformcharacteristiccolouredcrystals.Thetestsare: 1. Teichmann'shaemincrystaltest.2. Takayamahemochromogencrystaltest.3. Luminalspraytest:Itisespeciallyusefulinoldobscureblood stains. 4. Spetroscopy Itismostdelicateandreliabletest.Itisbasedontheprinciplethathemoglobinanditsderivativesgivecharacteristicabsorptionbandswhenviewedthroughaspectroscope.4.MicroscopyMicroscopicexaminationofRBCsispossibleonlyinfreshstains.Detectionofspecies(whetherthebloodhascomefromhumanoranimal)Fordetectionofspecies,serological(immunological)testsareused.Thesetestsare: 1. Precipitintest2. Haemaglutinationinhibitiontest(antiglobulinconsumptiontestor absorptioninhibitiontest). 3. Geldiffusiontest.4. Doublediffusiontest.5. Precipitationelectrophoresis.6. Latexagglutinationtest.7. Isoenzymemethod(enzymologicaltest). DetectionofbloodgroupofbloodstainThesetestsare: 1. Immunological(serological):(i)aborption-elutiontest,(ii) absorption-inhibitiontest,(iii)mixedagglutinationtest,(iv)latextest. 2. Enzymologicalmethods.3. Latte'scrustmethod.
231.Tattooingaroundtheentrywoundis seenin? a)Closeshot b)Contactshot c)Distantshot d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Closeshot
232.Alltestsareusedforinfanticideexcept? a)Ploucquettest b)Fodere'stest c)Gettler'stest d)Raygat'stest CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Gettler'stestTestsusedininfanticide(forrespiration)Ploucquet'stest:Weightoflungismeasuredinrelationtobodywieght.Beforebirthweightoflungis1/70ofbodyweightandafterrespirationitbecomes1/35ofbodyweightduetoincreasedbloodflowinlungbeds.StatictestorFodere'stest:Theaverageweightofbothlungsbeforerespirationis30-40gmandafterrespirationis60-70cm.Hydrostatictest(Raygat'stest,I"lifetest):Thespecificgravityofanon-respiredlungis1040-1050andofarespiredlungis940-950,so,afterrespirationlungfloatsonwater(specificgravityofwateris1000).Falsepositivehydrostatictestmayoccur(i.e.non-respiredlungmayfloat)indecompositionandinattemptedartificialrespiration.Falsenegativehydrostatictest(i.e.respiredlungmaysinkdown)mayoccurinatelectasis,pulmonaryoedema,bronchopneumonia,andcongenitalsyphylis.Breslau'ssecondlifetest:Itassumesthatalivebornchildwouldrespireandtherefore,wouldalsoswallowsomeairintothestomachandbowel.Hencetheyfloatonwater.Thistestisfalselypositiveinputrefaction(duetoputrefiedgases)orincasesofattemptedartificialrespiration.Werdin'stest:Beforebirthmiddleearcontainsgelatinousembryonic
tissuewhichisreplacedbyairafterrespiration
233.Fordiagnosisofinsanity,maximumlimit ofobservation? a)5days b)10days c)30days d)50days CorrectAnswer-CAns.C.i.e.,30daysInsanityischaracterizedbycertainabnormalmentalandbehavioralpatterns.Simplyinsanemeansunsoundmind,i.e.insaneisthepersonwhichhasunsoundmind.Converselysanitymeanssoundmind(composmentis).Lucidintervalistheperiodofsanity(soundmind)inaninsaneperson,i.e.periodincourseofmentalillnesswhenthereiscompletecessationofmanifestationsofinsanity.Duringthisperiodheisquitenormalandcanmakevalidwill,sell/purchaseproperty,givevalidevidenceandislegallyresponsibleforhisdeeds.Beforemakingadiagnosisofinsanity,thepatientmaybekeptunderobservationinmentalhospitalorgeneralhospital/nursinghome.Patientiskeptunderobservationfor10days,whichcanbeextendeduptomaximum30days.Twodoctors(atleastonebeingagovernmentdoctor)shouldexaminethepatientseparatelywithoutconsultingeachotherforatleastthreeexaminations
234.Suicidalmarkishorizontalin? a)Hanging b)Strangulation c)Bothoftheabove d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Strangulation
235.Grazeisatypeof? a)Bruise b)Contusion c)Laceration d)Abrasion CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,AbrasionAbrasionItisadestructionoftheskin,whichinvolvesthesuperficiallayersoftheepidermisonly.Theyareof4types: 1. Scratches-itsaabrasionwithlengthbutnosignificantwidthoraa verysuperficialincision. 2. Grazes-mostcommon.Theyoccurwhenthereismovement betweentheskinandsomeroughsurfaceincontactwithit. 3. Pressureorfrictionabrasion-theyarecausedbycrushingofthe superficiallayersoftheepidermisandareassociatedwithabruiseofthesurroundingarea. 4. Impactorcontactabrasion-theyarecausedbyimpactwitharough object,whentheforceisappliedatorneararightangletotheskinsurface. 5. Patternedabrasion-impactabrasionandpressureabrasion reproducethepatternoftheobjectcausingitandarecalledPatternedabrasion.
236.Platauf'shemorrages,incorrectis? a)Signofdrowning b)Subpleuralhemorrhage c)Mostlyseeninmiddlelobe d)Allaretrue CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,MostalyseeninmiddlelobePaltauf'shemorrhagesTheyaresubpleuralhaemorrhagespresentincasesofdrowningwhenalveolarwallsruptureduetoincreasedpressureduringforcedexpirationandproducehaemorrhages.Theyareshiningpalepinkorbluishred,andmaybeminuteor3-5cmindiameterseeninlungs.Theyareusuallypresentinabout50%casesinlowerlobesoflungsbutmaybeseenontheanteriorsurfacesoflungsandtheinterlobarsurfaces.
237.Mostcommonhymenruptureinavirgin is? a)Anterior b)Anterolateral c)Posterolateral d)Posterior CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,PosterolateralHymenrupture:Congenital:anteriorDuetointercourseorforeignbody:posterolateral(4/8or5/70'clock)>posterior(60'clock).Invirginrupture(tears)ofhymenduetosuddentretchingoccursinposteriorhalfofmembraneusuallyatthesides(i.e.posterolaterally)in4or8'Oclockor5or7'Oclockposition,orinthemidlineofhymen(6'Oclockposition).Withfirstintercoursetearsusuallyoccurinposteriormidlinebecausethehymenliessuspendedacrossapotentialspacehere,whereasanteriorlyperiurethraltissuesbuttressthehymen.Morethan2tearsareunusual,Semilunarhymenoftenrupturesonbothsides.Annularhymenwhichnearlyclosesupthevaginalorificemaysufferseveralhymenallacerationsindicatefirstsexualintercourse.Onedeep'Vshapedcleft/tearat6'0clockoranumberofcleftsusuallyinposteriorhafthymenmembraneindicatepassageofanyobjectthroughhymeorificewhichislargeritsoriginalopening.'InprepubertalchildrenposteriortearmayinvolvefourchetteproducingadeepUshapeddefect.Fourchetteistorn,fossa
navicularisdisappearandposteriorcommissuremayberuptured.Thelatterinjuryusuallydoesnotoccurinconsentingsexualintercourseunlessthereismuchdisproportionbetweenthemaleandfemaleparts.
238.MostcommondrowninginIndia- a)Suicidal b)Homicidal c)Accidental d)Infanticide CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,AccidentalMostofthecasesofdrowning(2/3)inIndiaareaccidental.Rest1/3beingsuicidal.Homicidaldrowningislesscommoninindia.Suicidaldrowningisindicatedbyabsenceofsignsofstruggleorassault(e.g.tornclothes,injurymarks).Adeterminedsuicidemaytiehishandsandlegstogetherorattachweightstohisbodyortakepoisonorcutthroatbeforeimmersion.Inhomicidaldrowning,therearesignsofstruggleandviolence(assault)(e.g.headinjury,signsofstrangulation,orthrottling).Headandfeetmaybetied,heavyweightmaybeattachedtobodyorbodymaybetiedupinsideagunnybag.Homicidaldrowningisveryrareexceptininfantsandchildren.Accidentaldrowningisquitecommonandusuallyseeninchildren,non-swimmers,duringfloodsorduetofallinwelletc.
239.Magistrateinquestisdoneincaseof? a)Deathbysuicide b)Deathbyaccident c)Deathinpsychiatryhospital d)Deathinsuscpiciouscircumstances CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,DeathinpsychiatryhospitalMagistrate'sinquestisdoneundersec176CrPCiscaseof:- 1. Deathinprison,reformatories,Borstalschool.2. Deathinpolicecostodywhileunderpoliceinterrogation.3. Deathduetopolicefiring.4. Dowrydeath;i.e.deathofamarriedfemalelessthan30yearsof ageordeathwithin7yearsofmarriage. 5. Exhumation.6. Deathinpsychiatryhospital.7. Custodialrape.
240.Schedule-3ofMCIincludes- a)MBBSdegreeofindianuniversities b)DNBdegree c)DiplomaofCPS d)MBBSdegreeofforeignuniversities CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,DiplomaofCPSSchedulesofMCIActMCIwasestablishedin1934andMCIactwasrevisedin1956,1964,1993,1999,and2002.TheschedulesofMCIincludeslistofmedicaldegreesrecognizedbyMCI:- 1. Schedule1:-IncludeslistofrecogniseddegreesawardedbyIndian universities('")andalsoDNBawardedbyNationalBoardofExamination,NewDelhi. 2. Schedule2:-Includeslistofrecognizedmedicaldegreesawarded byforeignuniversitiesorob'. 3. Schedule3:-Includeslistofmedicalqualificationsawardedby Indianorforeignboardsorsocieties,butarenotincludedinschedule1or2.Ithastwoparts:?PartI:IncludeslistofrecognizeddegreesotherthanMBBSawardedbyIndianSocietiesandBoards,e.gLMPanddiplomaofCPS.PartII:IncludeslistofrecognizeddegreesotherthanMBBSawardedbyForeignSocietiesandBoards
241.Lengthoftibiais? a)10%ofheight b)20%ofheight c)30%ofheight d)40%ofheight CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,20%ofheightStatureisdeterminedindismemberedbody(skeletalremains)by: 1. Lengthfromthetipofmiddlefingertothetipofoppositemiddle fingerwhenarmsarefullyextended. 2. Twicethelengthofonearm+30cm(oftwoclavicles)+4cm(for thesternum). 3. Humeruslengthis1/5thofheight.4. Thelengthfromthevertextothesymphysispubisishalfofthetotal length. 5. ThelengthfromthesternalnotchtoSymphysispubisx3-3.6. Thelengthofforearmmeasuredfromtipofmiddlefingeris=5/19of totallength. 7. Theheightofheadmeasuredbytheverticaldistancefromthetopof thehead(vertex)tothetipofchin=1/8ofthetotallength. 8. Thelengthofvertebralcolumn=34/100oftotallength.Tothelength ofentireskeleton,add2.5to4cmforthicknessofthesoftparts. 9. Asageneralrulehumerusis20%,tibiais22%,femuris27%and spineis35%ofindividualheight.
242.Locord'ssystemis? a)Podography b)Dactylography c)Poroscopy d)Cheiloscopy CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,PoroscopyDactylography(Galton'ssystem)-->Studyoffingerprints.Poroscopy(Locard'ssystem)-4Studyofnumber,sizesanddistributionofporesofsweatglandsonridges(usedwhenonlyapartoffingerprintisavailable).Podogram-->Studyoffootprint.Cheiloscopy(queiloscopy)-->Studyoflipprints.Rugoscopy(Palatoprints)Studyofanteriorpartofpalate.
243.Putrefactionisdelayedinallexcept? a)Warmmoistatmosphere b)Carbolicacidpoisoning c)Anemia d)Heavymetalspoisoning CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,WarmmoistatmosphereFactorscausingdelayofputrefactionTemperature<0?Cor>48?C(veryhightemperature).Dryweatherand/ordecreasedairvelocity.Morethan2meterdeepgrave.Tightclothing.Bodyindrysoil,andbodypackedincoffin.Infantnotfed.Wastingdiseaseslikeanemia.Poisoning:Carbolicacid,ZnC12,strychnine(nuxvomica),andheavymetals(arsenic,antimony).Inwaterslowerthaninair(casper'sdictum).FactorsfacilitatingputrefactionPutrefactionisfacilitatedby(i)freeaccessofair(ii)moistureand(iii)optimumwarnth(10?C-45?C).Thusdecompositionisfastinshallowdamp,marshyshallowgraves,inbodieswithoutclothesandcoffin.
244.Browncolorofcontusionisdueto- a)Haematodin b)Reducedhemoglobin c)Haemosiderin d)Bilirubin CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,HaemosiderinColorchangeandageofbruise(Contusion)Afterabruisehasappeared,ittendstogetsmallerfromperipherytocenterandpassesthroughaseriesofcolourchanges.TheseareduetodisintegrationofRBCsbyhemolysisandbreakdownofhemoglobinintothepigmentshaemosiderin,haematodinandbilirubinchangesare:- 1. Atfirst:Red(oxyhemoglobin)2. Fewhoursto3days:blue(reducedhemoglobin)3. 4thday:Bluish-blacktobrown(haemosiderin)4. 5-6days:Greenish(haematodin)5. 7-12days:Yellow(Bilirubin)6. 2weeks:Normal(absorptionofpigment)
245.Whichisincorrectaboutexitwoundofa bullet? a)Bevelled b)Everted c)Abrasioncollar d)NoCOHb CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Abrasioncollar
246.Diagnosticofantemortumdrowning? a)Palatauf'shemorrhage b)Weedsandgrassinclenchedhands c)Emphysemaaquosum d)Waterinesophagus CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Weedsandgrassinclenchedhands
247.Differencebetweencontusionandpost- mortemlividityisthatpost-mortemlividity? a)Showssequentialcolorchange b)Easilywashable c)Showsdiffuseirregularmargins d)Hasraisedenzymelevels CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Easilywashable
248.Allareimmediatecausesofdeathina caseofburn,except? a)Suffocation b)Embolism c)Injury d)Sepsis CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,SepsisCausesofdeathinburnsCausesofdeathinburnsmaybedividedinto: 1. Causesofimmediatedeath:Theseare(1)neurogenicshock (primaryshock),(2)hypovolaemicshock(secondaryshock),(3)suffocation,duetoinhaledCO,CO2,(4)cyanideintoxication,(5)fatembolism,(6)cerebralorpulmonaryedema,and(7)accidentalinjuriesduringburn. 2. Causesofdelayeddeath:Theseare:(1)renalfailure(acutetubular necrosis),(2)infections(sepsis,gangrene,tetanus)and(3)centrilobularnecrosisofliver.
249.Raygat'stestisusedfor? a)Weightoflung b)Specificgravityoflung c)Consistencyoflung d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,SpecificgravityoflungHydrostatictest(Raygat'stest,1"lifetest):Thespecificgravityofanon-respiredlungis1040-1050andofarespiredlungis940-950,so,afterrespirationlungfloatsonwater(specificgravityofwateris1000).Falsepositivehydrostatictestmayoccur(i.e.non-respiredlungmayfloat)indecompositionandinattemptedartificialrespiration.Falsenegativehydrostatictest(i.e.respiredlungmaysinkdown)mayoccurinatelectasis,pulmonaryoedema,bronchopneumonia,andcongenitalsyphylis.
250.Tachenoiredesalenorticaisa postmortemfindingisrelatedto a)Eye b)Muscle c)Hair d)Semen CorrectAnswer-ABrownishdiscolourationofthescleraduetocellulardebrisanddust-Tachenoire
251.1staffectedinrigormortis a)Eyelids b)Myocardium c)Jaw d)Neck CorrectAnswer-BAnswer-B.Myocardiumstateofthemusclesinadeadbodywhentheybecomestifforrigidwithsomedegreeofshortening.Allmusclesofbodyareinvolvedi.e.voluntaryorinvoluntary.However,itdoesnotstartinallmusclessimultaneously(nysten'srule).Involuntarymuscles(heart)areinvolvedfirstthanvoluntarymuscles.Sequenceofmusclesinvolvementisasfollows:Heart>uppereyelid>neck>jaw>face>chest>upperlimb>abdomen>lowerlimb>fingerandtoes.
252.
PunishmentforperjuryisunderwhichsectionIPC? a)Sec193 b)Sec191 c)Sec197 d)Sec190 CorrectAnswer-AAnswerA.Sec193DefinespunishmentforfabricatingfalseevidenceThewitnessisliabletobeprosecutedforperjury,andtheimprisonmentmayextenduptosevenyears.193IPC:punishmentforfalseevidence,(punishmentforperjury):imprisonmentupto7years+hneIgIIpC:(i)Givingfalseevidence(perjury)underoath.I92IPC:Fabricatingfalseevidence(perjury)
253.Gastriclavageisnotcontraindicated afteringestionofwhichacid. a)HCL b)H2SO4 c)Carbolicacid d)Nitricacid CorrectAnswer-CAnswer-C.CarbolicAcidTheonlyobsolutecontraindicationiscorrosivepoisoningi.ealkalis,mineralacid,vegetableacidandorganicacids(exceptcarbolicacid).Carbolicacidistheonlycorrosiveinwhichgastriclavagecanbeused.Gastriclavagemustbedone(exceptwhencontraindicated)irrespectiveofwhethervomitinghasoccuredornot,topreventaspirationofcontent.Carbolicacidistheonlycorrosiveinwhichgastriclavageisnotcontraindicated.
254.Visceraintoxicologystoredin a)Glycerine b)Rectifiedspirit c)Formalism d)Saturatedsaltsolution CorrectAnswer-DAnswer-D.SaturatedsaltsolutionToxicologicalvisceraispreservedinasaturatedsolutionofcommonsalt(sodiumchloride).Fortoxicologicalanalysis,visceraisneverpreservedinalcohol,formalin,orbilesalt.Infact,formalindenaturesproteinsandchemicaitoxinsandwouldinterferewiththedetectionofpoisonsduringchemicalanalysis'
255.Twoidenticaltwinswillnothavesame a)Fingerprints b)DNAcopies c)Iriscolor d)Bloodgroup CorrectAnswer-AAnswer:A.FingerprintsIdenticaltwinshavethesameDNA,buttheirfingerprints(dactylography)arestilldiferentandtheydonotchange.Thesecanbeeasilyusedtodifferentiatebetweenanidenticalsetoftwins.IdenticaltwinshavethesamesetofDNA,thereforeDNAfingerprintingcannotdifferentiatethem.
256.InAllegedhistoryofgunshot injury.thereisburning,blackening,tattooingaroundthewoundDirtcollar,theinjuryis a)Closeshotentrywound b)Closeshotexitwound c)Distantshotentrywound d)distantshotexitwound CorrectAnswer-AAnswer:A.CloseshotentrywoundBuring,blackening,tattooingaroundthewoundarefeaturesofcloseshotentry.Andmayoccurincontactshotwhenmuzzleendisnotpressedfirmly.
Themuzzleendisnotpressedfirmlyorisloosenedbyrecoil,flame,gasandsootmayescapesidewaysandsoiltheadjoiningskin......Parikh.Greasecollarordirtcollarisseenatfirearmentrywound.Itisablackcoloredringliningtheentrancewoundontheskin.Itisproducedbyremovalofsubstancesfromthebulletasitpasses_throughtheskin,
257.AchildishavingBatteredbaby syndromehowwillyouidentify a)Stabwound b)Gunshotwound c)Bruiseofdifferentages d)Noneofthese CorrectAnswer-CAns-C.BruiseofdifferentagesAbatteredchildisonewhohasreceivedrepetitivephysicalinjuriesasaresultofnon-accidentalviolenceproducedbyaparentoraguardian.multiplebruisepresentoverbody,Lacerationoftheoralmucosa,Parentsgivevaguehistoryofaccidenttobethecauseoftheinjuries.ItisalsocalledCaffeysyndrome,Caffey-Kempesyndrome,maltreatmentsyndromeorParent-infanttraumaticstresssyndromeTheinjuriesmaybecausedbyhand,foot,teeth,stick,belt,shoe,hotwater,lightedcigarette,hotfryingpanoranyhouseholdarticleAccidentalinjuriestypicallyinvolvebonyprominences[head(forehead,occipitalorparietalregion),nose,chin,palm,elbows,kneesandshin],matchthehistorygivenbytheparentsandarekeepingwiththedevelopmentofthechild
258.Deglovingskininvolvesremovalof? a)skin,subcutaneousfat,fascia,muscle b)skin,subcutaneousfat,fascia c)skinonly d)skinsubcutaneousfat CorrectAnswer-DAnswer:D.skinsubcutaneousfatTheclinicalentityofdeglovinginjurymeansthattheskinhasbeenlost,butthemusculoskeletalunitisintact,andhence,themovementsoftheparthavebeenpreserved.Degloving,alsocalledavulsion,isatypeofsevereinjurythathappenswhenthetoplayersofyourskinandtissuearerippedfromtheunderlyingmuscle,connectivetissue,orbone.Itcanaffectanybodypart,butit'smorecommoninthelegsDependingontheanglethatthetirepullasacrosstheextremity,theskinandsubcutaneoustissuemaybepulledorshearedoffonleadingedgeofextremity.
259.Sexualperversions(Exhibitionism)is undersection a)Section290 b)Section294 c)Section230 d)Section291 CorrectAnswer-BAnswer:B.Section294EXHIBITIONISM:sexualgratificationbyexposingone'sgenitalia.Punishableundersec294I.P.C.withimprisonmentupto3monthsorfine
260.Xiphoidfuseswithsternumbywhatage ? a)30years b)35years c)40years d)45years CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,40years[RefParikh6thlep.2.30,2.31]SternumPiecesofbodyunitebetween14-25years.Xiphoiduniteswithbodyat40years.Manubriumuniteswithbodyat60years.OtherbonesHyoid:greatercornuuniteswithbodyat40-60years.Laryngealandcostalcartilagesossifyafter40years.Vertebra:Osteophytesoutgrowth,lippingofvertebraanddiscatrophyoccur.
261.Sections312to315dealwith? a)Kidnapping&abduction b)Attention&abetmenttosuicide c)Causinggrievoushurt d)Criminalabortion CorrectAnswer-DAns.isD.i.e.,Criminalabortion312,313,314and315IPC:Forcausingvoluntarymiscarriage(criminalabortion).312IPC:Causingmiscarriagewithconsent(3yearsofimprisonment?fine).313IPC:Causingmiscarriagewithoutconsentoflady(10yearsofimprisonmentwhichcanextenduptolife?fine).314IPC:Deathofpatientcausedbymiscarriage(10yearsofimprisonment?fine).315IPC:Deathofchildduringmiscarriage(10yearsimprisonment?fine).
262.Postmortemlividityisnotseenin? a)Drowninginwell b)Drowninginafastflowingriver c)Postmortemsubmersion d)Drowninginchlorinatedswimmingpool CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Drowninginafastflowingriver[RefParikh6th/ep.3.10]
263.Sexualgratificationofawomenis obtainedbyanotherwomaniscalled? a)Tribadism b)Bestiality c)Fellatio d)Cunnilingus CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Tribadism[RefParikh6th/ep.5.50,5.52;Reddy31"/ep.401;Rao2"'Ilep.373-74;RajesBardale1"/ep.325-26]Tribadism(Lesbianismorfemalehomosexuality):Sexualgratificationofawomenisobtainedbyanotherwomanbykissing,bodycontact,manipulationofbreastandgenitalia.Activepartneriscalleddykeorbutchandthepassiveagentiscalledfemme.ThisisnotanoffenceinIndia.
264.Voyeurismis? a)Sexualgratificationbywatchingtheactofsexualintercourse b)Useofsuchobjectsforsexualgratification c)Sexualgratificationisbyselfpain d)Sexualgratificationbyrubbingprivatepart CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Sexualgratificationbywatchingtheactofsexualintercourse[RefReddy30th/ep.395]Voyeurism(Scoptophilia,Peepingtom):Sexualgratificationisobtainedbylookingatthesexualorgansofotherpersons,watchingtheactofsexualintercourse,orwitnessingundressingbyawoman.
265.Wrongaboutdhaturaseedsis? a)Kidneyshaped b)Odourless c)Yellowbrown d)Convexsmoothsurface CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Convexsmoothsurface[RefPilley4th/ep.207;GautamBiswas2"d/ep.496]FeaturesofDhaturaseesare:- 1. Large&thick2. Odourlers3. Kidney-shaped4. Laterallycompressedanddoubleedgedatconvexborder(not smooth) 5. Yellowiskbrown6. Bitter
266.
AdulteryisdescribedunderwhichsectionofIPC? a)314 b)375 c)497 d)504 CorrectAnswer-CAns.isc'i.e.,497[RefWomenandtheLawp.167]Section497ofIPCsays,"Whoeverhassexualintercoursewithapersonwhoisandwhomheknowsorhasreasontobelievetobethewifeofanotherman,withouttheconsentorconnivanceofthatman,suchsexualintercoursenotamountingtheoffenceofrape,isguiltyoftheoffenceofadulteryandshallbepunished.
267.
UseofdangerousweaponisrelatedtowhichsectionofIPC? a)304 b)319 c)322 d)324 CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'D'i.e.,324319IPC:Defineshurt.320IPC:Definesgrievoushurt.321IPC:Voluntarilycausinghurt.322IPC:Voluntarilycausinggrievoushurt.323IPC:Punishmentforvoluntarilycausinghurt(noprovocation,nodangerousweapon)(1yearsimprisonment).324IPC:Punishmentforvoluntarilycausinghurtbydangerousweapon(3yearsimprisonment?fine).325IPC:Punishmentforvoluntarilycausinggrievoushurt(noprovocation,nodangerousweapon)(7yearsimprisonment?fine).
268.
OutragingmodestyofwomeniswhichsectionofIPC? a)375 b)354 c)195 d)304 CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,354[RefReddy26th/ep.365]Rapeandothersexualoffencesandassault228IPC:Prohibitsdisclosureofidentityofrapevictim.375IPC:Definingrape.376IPC:Punishmentforrape(7yearstolifeimprisonment?fine).376-AIPC:Punishmentformaritalrape(2yearsimprisonment?fine).377IPC:Unnaturalsexualoffences(10yearstolifeimprisonment?fine).354IPC:Assaultorcriminalforcetowomanwithintenttooutragehermodesty.366-AIPC:Procurationofminorgirlforillicitintercourse.351IPC:Definesassault.352-358IPC:Punishmentforcausingassault.509IPC:Word,gestureoractintendedtoinsultthemodestyofawomen
269.
Section89IPCisfor? a)Criminalresponsibilityofinsane b)Criminalresponsibilityofachild c)Criminalresponsibilityofdrunkenperson d)Ageforconsent CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'i.e.,Criminalresponsibilityofachild89IPC:Achildunder12yearsofagecannotbegivenvalidconsenttosufferanyharmwhichcanoccurfromanactdoneingoodfaithforthebenefitofthechild,e.g.,consentforsurgery.Theonlyguardiancangivesuchconsent.Anactisdoneingoodfaithforthebenefitofachildorinsaneperson,byorbyconsentoftheguardian.Nothingwhichisdoneingoodfaithforthebenefitofapersonundertwelveyearsofage,orofunsoundmind,byorbyconsent,eitherexpressorimplied,oftheguardianorotherpersonhavinglawfulchargeofthatperson,isanoffencebecauseofanyharmwhichitmaycause,orbeintendedbythedoertocauseorbeknownbythedoertobelikelytocausetothatperson
270.Apersonisdeclareddeadifhe/sheis notfoundfor a)7years b)10years c)14years d)21years CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,7years[RefCivilLaw,Section108MA]TheIndianEvidenceAct,undersection108provides7yearsfromthedatewhenceapersonisdeclaredtobemissingandhis
271.
AdulterationofdrugisunderwhichsectionofIPC a)271 b)272 c)273 d)274 CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,274[RefSafetyManagementofHospitalsp.315;PrinciplesofFMT,Bardalep.18]LawrelatedtoAdulteration:-IndianPenalCode:?Section272AdulterationofFoodorDrinkIntendedforSaleImprisonmentfor6months,Fine-Rs.1000Section273SaleofNoxiousFoodorDrinkImprisonemntfor6months,fine-Rs.1000Section274AdulterationofDrugsSection275SaleofaduletrateddrugsSection276SaleofdrugsasadifferentdrugorpreparationSection277Foulingwaterofpublicspringorreservoir
272.Firstcarpalbonetoappearis? a)Trapezium b)Capitate c)Pisiform d)Lunate CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'B'i.e.,Capitate[RefReddy'sEssentials26th/ep.63]Theossificationcentresincarpalbonesappearasfollows: nCapitate 1year nHamate 2years nTriquitrum 3years nLunate 4years nScaphoidandtrapezoid 5years nTrapezium 6yearsnPisiform 11years
273.Holographwillisdefinedas a)Doctordictatesandwrittenbyrelatives b)Testatoriswritteninhisownhandwriting c)Testatorisdictatedandwrittenbyrelatives d)Testatorisdictatedandwrittenbydoctor CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Testatoriswritteninhisownhandwriting[RefSKSinghal4th/ep.314]Holographwillisonewhichiswrittenbythetestatorinhisownhandwritting.Testamentarycapacityisdefinedasthecapacityofapersontomakeavalidwill.
274.Obtuseangleofmandibleisseenin a)Infancy b)Adulthood c)AdultMale d)AdultFemale CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Infancy[RefParikh6thlep.2.30] Feature Infancy Adult Oldage Angleof Obtuse Right Obtuseangle mandible angle angle Mental Near Midway Looksapparentlynearertheofbody foramen lower b/w &lowerborderupperborderd/tlossof opening border upper teeth
275.Sizeofthefetusis20mm,thenbythe ruleofHasse's,whatisthegestationalageofthefetus? a)2weeks b)4weeks c)6weeks d)8weeks CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,6weeksHess'srule(Haase'srule):Itisaroughmethodforcalculatingtheageoffetusbymeasuringthelengthfromcrowntoheel.Upto5thmonthofgestation,lengthofthefoetusincmissquareofthemonthofgestationandbeyond5months,lengthincmis5timesthemonthofgestation.Lengthincm=(monthofpregnancy)upto5monthsLengthincm=monthofpregnancyafter5monthsInthisquestion:Lengthincm=(monthofpregnancy)22=(monthofpregnancy)(Note:20mm=2cm)Monthofpregnancy=14monthsor6weeks.
276.Firstincisortoeruptis a)Lowercentral b)Uppercentral c)Lowerlateral d)Upperlateral CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Lowercentral[RefReddy30thiep.60]Firsttemporarytoothtoupper(inprimarydentition)islowercentralincisorsandlasttemporarytoothtoeruptis2ndmolar.Thesequenceoferuptionislowercentralincisor>uppercentralincisor>upperlateralincisor>lowerlateralincisor>I"molar>Canine>molar.Thereforeeurptionoftemporaryteethiscompletedbyeruptionof2"?molarat25months(2years).Firstpermanenttoothtoerupt(insecondarydentition)is1"molarandlasttoeruptis3rdmolar.Thesequenceoferuptionis1"molar>centralincisor>lateralincisor>1"premolar>2"premolar>canine>2"molar>3rdmolar.Eruptionofpermanentteethiscompletedbyeruptionof3rdmolarbetween17-25years.
277.X-rayofchoiceforagedetectionat around16-17yearsofage a)Elbow b)Wrist c)Shoulder d)Pelvis CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Wrist[RefParikh6th/ep.2.10] Site Age(inyears) Female Male Elbow 13-14 15-16 Wrist 16-17 18-19 Shoulder 17-18 19-20 Crestofilium 18-19 20-21
278.Suggilationisduetowhichofthe following? a)Gravityleadingtopoolingofblood b)Escapeofbloodfrommicrovasculature c)Moleculardeathleadingtostiffeningofmuscles d)Autolysisofenzymes CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Gravityleadingtopoolingofblood[RefReddy30th/ep.141]GravityleadingtopoolingofbloodSuggilationMoleculardeathleadingtostiffeningofmusclesRigorMortisAutolysisofenzymesPutrefaction
279.Earliestsignoffetaldeath- a)Spaldingsign b)Robert'ssign c)Ballsign d)Adipocereformation CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Robert'ssign[RefParikh6thlep.5.75,5.76&4th/ep.268]Robertsign(gasingreatvessels)12hSpaldingsign(overlappingofskullbones)1weekBlair-Hartley/Ballsign(hyperflexion/hyperextension3-4weeksofspinewithovercrowdingofribs
280.Firstsignofmacerationis a)Robert'ssign b)Skinslippage c)Spaldingsign d)Greenishdiscolorationofbody CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Skinslippage[RefParikh6"Vep.5.75;SKParikh4th/ep.268]Macerationisaprocessofasepticautolysis.Itoccurswhenadeadfetusremainsintheuterusfor3-4dayssurroundedbyliquoramniibutwithexclusionofair.Skinslippageistheearliestsign(occurswithin12hours).
281.Whichisthebesttemperaturefor putrefaction? a)-10degreesC b)0degreesC c)30degreesC d)50degreesC CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,30degreesC[RefReddy30th/ep.150]Putrefactionisthelaststageinresolutionofbodyfromtheinorganictoorganicstateandisacertainsignofdeath.Theputrefactionisdueto:Autolysis:Theenzymesofthebody,breakdownthedeadbodycausingproteolysis,lipolysisandglycolysis.Bacterialenzymes:Aerobicandanaerobicbacteriapresentinsmallintestine(e.g.C.welchii,staphylococcus,E.colietc.)releaseenzymes(especillylipaseandlecithinase),whichactonbodytocausebreakdown.Threeconditionsarenecessoryforputrefaction:(i)warmth(10-45?),(ii)moisture(humidity)and(iii)air.Ifairisabsent,adipocereformation(saponification)occurs,andintheabsenceofmoisture,mummificationoccurs.
282.AccordingtoCasper'sdictum, decompositionisthefastestwhenthebodyisinwhichofthefollowing? a)Air b)Water c)Earth d)Soil CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Air[RefReddy30thiep.155]Itistheeffectofmedium(inwhichbodylies)onrateofputrefaction.Casper'sdictumstatesthatabodydecomposesinairtwiceasrapidlyasinwaterandeighttimesasrapidlyinearth.
283.Enzymeresponsibleforpostmortem hemolysisis a)Hemolysin b)Lecithinase c)Lipoproteinase d)Protease CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Lecithinase[RefTextbookofFMTbyVij5th/ep.89]Bacteriaproducealargevarietyofenzymesthatactoncarbohydrates,proteinsandfatsandbreakdownthevarioustissues.Oneofthemostimportantenzymesisthelecithinase'producedbytheClostridiumwelchii,whichhydrolysesthelecithinpresentinallthecellmembranesincludingbloodcellsandthusisresponsibleforproducinghemolysisofbloodpostmortem.Thisenzymealsohelpsinpostmortemhydrolysisandhydrogenationofbodyfat.
284.Gunpowderonbodyandclothingcanbe visualizedby? a)HarrisonandGilroytest b)Neutronactivationanalysis c)Dermalnitratetest d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Alloftheabove[RefParikhelep.4.39]Testsusedinfirearmdischarge:Basedondetectionofnitrate:Dermalnitrite(Paraffin)test.Basedondetectionofheavymetal:HarrisonandGilroytest,neutronactivationanalysis,Atomicobsorptionspectroscopy,andflamelessatomicabsorptionspectroscopy.
285.Bulletfixedfromagunisnotreleased.It isejectedoutwithsubsequentshot.Suchabulletiscalledas a)Tandembullet b)Dum-dumbullet c)Inceridiarybullet d)Tumblingbullet CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Tandembullet[RefSKSinghal4thlep.188]Varietiesofbulletsare:-i)Incendiary(igniting)bullet:Thetipofbulletcontainsselfignitingmateriale.g.bariumnitrateandpowderedaluminiumandmagnesium(inthepast,phosphoruswasused),sothatitcatchesfireonhittingthetarget.Itisusedtocausefireinusuallyinflammabletargetslikefueltanks(ofaircraftsetc).ii)Explosivebullet:Thetipcontainsadetonatororleadazide,sothatthebulletexplodesonhittingthetarget.iii)Dum-dumbullet(expandingbullet):ItisajacketedbulletwithisnosetipchiseledorcutoffItisdesignedtoincreaseindiameterandexpanduponstrikingthetarget,thusproducinglargerdiameterwoundsoflimitedpenetration.iv)Tandembullet(Piggeytailbullet):Itiscalledone-behind-otherbulletbecausetwobulletsareejectedoneaftertheother,whenfirstbulletfailedtoleavetheburrelandisejectedbysubsequentlyfiredbullet.Therefore,bothenterbodythroughsameenterancewound(some
times,theymayenterthroughdifferententries),butthewoundsofexitarealwaystwo.
286.Whichofthefollowingcausesmaximum damage? a)Tandem b)Dumdum c)Souvenir d)Piggy CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Dumdum[RefSKSinghale/ep.188]Expandingbullets,alsoknownashollow-pointbulletsor"dum-dums",aredesignedto"mushroom"uponenteringatargetinordertostopitfromleavingthebody.Comparedtoregularbullets,orfullmetaljackammunition,expandingbulletsareintendedtocausemaximumtissuedamage.
287.Abulletpackedwithjacketandopensat abaseiscalled a)Dumdumbullet b)Tandembullet c)Duplexbullet d)Souvenirbullet CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Dumdumbullet[RefParikhp.4.33]
288.Ricochetbulletis a)Bulletproducingakeyholeentrywound b)Bulletwithnosetipchiseledoff c)Deviationinthedirectionorpathofbullet d)Bulletcontainingignitingmaterial CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Deviationinthedirectionorpathofbullet[RefReddy30th/ep.211]Ricochettingofbulletisdefinedasdeviationinthedirectionorpathofbulletbecauseofstrikingofbullettoanintermediaryobject.
289.Compoundusedasprimerinweaponis a)Potassiumchlorate b)Sulphur c)Potassiumnitrate d)Nitrocellulose CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Potassiumchlorate[RefParikh6th/ep.4.29]Cartridge(round)Cartridgeistheammunitionusedinfirearms.Cartridgeconsistsof(i)Cartridgecase,(ii)Propellant(gunpowder),(iii)Projectile(missile)and(iv)Wads(onlyinshotguns.).1)CartridgecaseItistheoutershellorcoveringofthecartridge.Inshotgunitiscylinderical.Baseisofbrassandrestofitisofcardboardorplastic.Inrifledweapons,itistaperingandwholeofitismadeofbrassorsteel.Centerofbasehaspercussioncap(detonatorcap)whichhassensitivecomposition,i.e.primer,consistingofpotassiumchlorate,antimonysulphide,mercuryfulminate,bariumnitrite,leadperoxideortetrazene.Inallweapons,afterfiring,thecartridgecaseremainsinthebarrelanditistobetakenoutmanually(shotgun,revolvers,rifle)oritisejectedoutautomatically,e.g.inpistals.2)Propellent(gunpowder)Itpropelstheprojectile(missile)forward.Itiscomposedofblackpowderorsmokelesspowderintheformofgrains,pellets,thincylindricalcordsorflakes.Itsignitionresultsinformationofexpandinghotgasesunderpressurewhich(gaspressure)propels
theprojectile(missile)byprovidingitnecessarymuzzlevelocityandstrikingenergy.Theclassicalgunpowderisknownasblackpowder,consistsofcharcol(15%),Sulphur(10%),andpotassiumnitrate(75%).Dependingonfineness,theblackgunpowderisdesignatedasFG,FFG,FFFG.etc.(F=fineness).Pyrodexisanothergunpowderwithsamecomponents,butwithdifferentratios.Blackgunpowderproducessmoke,i.e.Itissmokeproducingpowder.Smokelesspowder,inadditiontoblackpowder,hasnitrocellulose(singlebase),ornitrocelluloseplusnitroglycerine(doublebase),ornitrocelluloseplusnitroglycerineplusnitroguanidine(triplebase).Semismokelesspowderhas80%blackpowderand20%smokeless
290.Destructivepowerofbulletisdetermined byallexcept a)Velocityofbullet b)Weightofbullet c)Shapeofbullet d)Kineticenergy CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Shapeofbullet[RefReddy29thlep.194]Tissuedamage(ordestructivepowerofbullet)isdependentonstriking(kinetic)energyofbullet,whichisproportionaltoitsmassandsquareofvelocity(KE='/2mv2).Somodernbulletsaredesignedtohavesmallermassallowingtransportationoflargeamountofammunitionandhighvelocity,asvelocityismoreimportantdeterminantindestructivepowerofbullet.
291.Whichofthefollowingisthetestdoneto confirmlivebornfetusafterfetaldeath? a)Mirrortest b)Breslau'stest c)Magnustest d)Paraffintest CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Breslau'stest[RefSKSinghal4thlep.271]TestsusedininfanticidePloucquet'stest:Weightoflungismeasuredinrelationtobodywieght.Beforebirthweightoflungis1/70ofbodyweightandafterrespirationitbecomes1/35ofbodyweightduetoincreasedbloodflowinlungbeds.StatictestorFodere'stest:Theaverageweightofbothlungsbeforerespirationis30-40gmandafterrespirationis60-70cm.Hydrostatictest(Raygat'stest,1"lifetest):Thegravityofanon-respiredlungis1040-1050andofarespiredlungis940-950,so,afterrespirationlungfloatsonwater(specificgravityofwateris1000).Breslau'ssecondlifetest:Itassumesthatalivebornchildwouldrespireandtherefore,wouldalsoswallowsomeairintothestomachandbowel.Hencetheyfloatonwater.Thistestisfalselypositiveinputrefaction(duetoputrefiedgases)orincasesofattemptedartificialrespiration.Werdin'stest:Beforebirthmiddleearcontainsgelatinousembryonictissuewhichisreplacedbyairafterrespiration.
292.Acouplewaslockedupinaroomwith firearound.Allofthefollowingaretheprobableimmediatecausesofdeathinsuchcircumstanceexcept:- a)Cyanideintoxication b)Suffocation c)Sepsis d)Fatembolism CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Sepsis[RefReddy29'/ep.287;Parikh6thlep.4.153]CausesofdeathinburnsCausesofdeathinburnsmaybedividedinto:A)Causesofimmediatedeath:Theseare(1)neurogenicshock(primaryshock),(2)hypovolaemicshock(secondaryshock),(3)suffocation,duetoinhaledCO,CO2,(4)cyanideintoxication,(5)fatembolism,(6)cerebralorpulmonaryedema,and(7)accidentalinjuriesduringburn.B)Causesofdelayeddeath:Theseare:(1)renalfailure(acutetubularnecrosis),(2)infections(sepsis,gangrene,tetanus)and(3)centrilobularnecrosisofliver.
293.Trueaboutacidpoisoningis a)Greatestdamageisalongthelessercurvature b)Corrosivescausevaporizationoftissues c)Vitriolagemeansingestionofacidinemptystomach d)Highestchanceofperforationiswithnitricacid CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,GreatestdamageisalongthelessercurvatureMagenstrasseisthetermappliedtothepathwayacidicagentsfollowinstomach.Thepathwayofacidsandalkalisinfoodfilledstomachstartsalongthelessercurvatureofthestomachandleadstothepylorus,whichexplainsthelocationofgreatestdamageinfoodfilledstomach.Stomachwithoutfoodhavesignificantinjuryinthelowerhalfoftwothirdsandmayhavesparingoffundus.Mechanismofaction:-Corrosivesfix,destroyanderodethesurfacewithwhichtheycomeincontact.Theymainlyactlocallyby:HygroscopicextractionofwaterfromtissuesCoagulationofproteinsandConversionofhaemoglobinintohematin.Titriolage'isthrowingofanycorrosiveonanotherperson.Eyesareaffectedmostcommonly.Itcomesundersector320IPS.Therearehighestchancesofperforationofstomachwith11,SO4,amongallmineralacids.
294.
Highestcontentofcannabisisfoundinwhichpartoftheplant? a)Root b)Resin c)Seed d)Stem CorrectAnswer-BAns.is`b'i.e.,Resin[RefReddy26th/ep.528]Cannabis,alsoknownasmarijuana,isobtainedfromtheIndianHempplantorcannabisindica(Cannabissativa).TheactiveprinciplesofCannabisarecontainedinitsresin.Allpartsoftheplant,maleorfemale,containtheactivematerial,exceptstem,rootandseeds.Theprincipalconstituentoftheresinarecannabinol,whichhasnoaction.Cannabidiolisalsoinert,butonexposuretoheat,itispartlyconvertedtotheveryactiveisomerictetrahydrocannabinols(THC).
295.'ColdTurkey'termisusedtodenote whichofthefollowing? a)Consumptionofheroin b)Abruptcessationofheroin c)Gradualwithdrawalofheroin d)Placetowithdrawadruginagroup CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Abruptcessationofheroin[RefQuittingSmokingforLifep.18]'ColdTurkey'meansabruptandcompletecessationoftakingadrugtowhichoneisaddiced.Alcoholisnottheonlydrugwherebyquittingcoldturkeyposesadangertothepatient.Peoplewhoareaddictedtoopiates(heroin,methadone,morphine,Suboxone,andevenprescriptionbenzodiazepines)areatimmenseriskiftheytrytostoptheirdrugintakewithoutaplan.
296.Smokystoolisseeninwhichpoisoning? a)Phosphorus b)Arsenic c)Lead d)Zinc CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Phosphorus[RefModernMedicalToxicologybyPillayp.68]Acutepoisoningofphosphorus:?Breathsmellsofgarlic.Vomitusandstoolsmaybeluminousinthedark.Smokystoolsyndrome:-Faintfumesmayemanatefromthestools.Manifestationsofliverdamage-tenderhepatomegaly,jaundicewhichmayprogresstoanolivegreenhue,flappingtremorofhands(asterixis),mousyodourtothebreath(foetorhepaticus).
297.Gigantinisactiveprincipleof a)PlumbagoRosea b)Calotropis c)RicinusCommunis d)P.Zeylanica CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Calotropis[RefConciseTextbookofFMT-Sharmap.250]Calotropisgigantea-4containsactiveprinciplenamedgigantin.Whencut,stemandleavesoftheplantexrudeanacridmilkyjuice.Whenthisjuiceisallowedtostandorheated,serumisexudedleavingbehindwhiteclot.Theserumcontainstheactiveprinciplenamedgigantinwhichisverytoxic.
298.Whichofthefollowingistrueabout cocainemetabolitetest a)Measurebenzoylecgoninelevels b)Usedtodiagnosecocaineuse c)Treatmentofcocaineoverdose d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Alloftheabove[RefCodeofFederalRegulationsp.174]Cocaineandcocainemetabolitetestsystem:Acocaineandcocainemetabolitetestsystemisadeviceintendedtomeasurecocaineandacocainemetabolite(benzoylecgoonine)inserum,plasma,andurine.Measurementsobtainedbythisdeviceareusedinthediagnosisandtreatmentofcocaineuseoroverdose.
299.Sodiumflouridemaybeusefor preservationof a)Cyanide b)Arsenic c)Alcohol d)Urine CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Alcohol[RefParikh6th/ep.2.62;Essentialsofforensicmedicine&toxicology23rd/ep.101]Sodiumflurideshouldbeaddedtourineorvitreoushumor,ifalcoholestimationisrequired;andalsotosamplesforanalysisforcocaine,cyanidesandCO.
300.IPC304Bisrelatedto- a)Punishmentforcrueltybyhusbandorhisrelatives b)Dowrydeath c)Deathcausedbynegligence d)Punishmentofculpablehomicide,notamountingtomurder CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.DowrydeathIPC304-Punishmentofculpablehomicide,notamountingtomurderIPC304A-DeathcausedbynegligenceIPC304B-Dowrydeath:10yearsofimprisonmentwhichcanextendtolife.IPC498-Punishmentforcrueltybyhusbandorhisrelatives.
301.IPC201isfor- a)Punishmentforembalmingbeforeautopsy b)Perjury c)Voluntarycausinggrievoushurt d)Kidnapping CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.Punishmentforembalmingbeforeautopsy[Ref:Reddy30th/ep.11]IPC201isforpunishmentforembalmingbeforeautopsy(andalsoforthedisappearanceofevidence).
302.Sec191IPCisfor- a)Medicalnegligence b)Hostilewitness c)Criminalnegligence d)Assaultpunishment CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.Hostilewitness[RefReddy30th/ep.11]Perjury,Hostilewitnessandfalsecertificate191IPC:(i)Givingfalseevidence(perjury)underoathand(ii)hostilewitness.192IPC:Fabricatingfalseevidence(perjury).193IPC:Punishmentforfalseevidence(punishmentforperjury):imprisonmentupto7years+fine.194IPC:Givingorfabricatingfalseevidencetoprocureconvictionofcapitaloffence.195IPC:Givingorfabricatingfalseevidencetoprocureconvictionofoffencepunishablewithimprisonmentforlife.197IPC:Issuingorsigning(attesting)falsecertificatebyadoctorisacriminaloffence.201IPC:Causingdisappearanceofevidence.
303.Coronamortisis? a)Isavascularanastomosis b)Postmortemheart&coronaryarteriesexamination c)Anothertermusedforrigormortis d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.Isavascularanastomosis[RefBRSGrossAnatomyp.112]Coronamortis:Thisisalsocalledascircleofdeathandreferstovascularringformbytheanastomosisofanaberrantarterywiththenormalobturatorarteryarisingfromabranchoftheinternaliliacartery.Atthetimeoflaparoscopicherniathisvesselistornbothendofvesselcanbleedprofusely,becausebotharisefromamajorartery.Thesurgeonshouldremembertheseanatomiclandmarksandthepointofmeshfixationshouldbeselectedsuperiorly,laterallyandmedially.
304.Afterdeath,bloodistakenfrom? a)Femoralvein b)Antecubitalvein c)Jugularvein d)Carotidartery CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.Femoralvein[RefForensicNeuropathologyp.174]"Ideally,thebloodshouldbecollectedfromfemoralveindistaltoclamporligatureandwithoutmilkingthecalforthigh"-ForensicNeuropathologyp.174"Femoralveinbloodsampleispreferredoveraheartbloodsample"-Water-RelatedDeathInvestigationp.269Bloodforthesampleistakenfromfemoralvein.Thejugularorsubclavianveinscanalsobeused.10-20mlofbloodistakenanditistakenbeforeautopsy.30mlofbloodshouldbepreserved(minimumis10ml).
305.Trueaboutfingerprintingis- a)Mostcommontypeiswhorls b)Mostspecificmethodofidentification c)Notpresentatbirth d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.Mostspecificmethodofidentification[RefReddy30thiep.76]Fingerprintsarepresentfrombirthbothonepidermisanddermis,remainconstantthroughoutlifeandcan'tbealteredwithoutdestroyingtrueskin.Fingersprintsareduetopapillaryorepidermal'ridges'onthetipsoffingersandthumb.Fingerprintpatternisabsolutelyindividuali.e.notwohandsareentirelyalike,notevenidenticaltwins.That'swhy,itisbest(mostsensitiveandmostspecific)andmostreliablemethodofidentification(Quetelet'sruleofbiologicalvariation).Loops(67%mostcommon)>Whorls(25%)>archer(7%)>composite(2%leastcommon)arefourmaintypesofpattern.Itisacceptedthatchancesof2fingerprintsmatching16ridgecharacteristicareinfinitelysmall(Parikh's).Inpractice8-6pointsoffinecomparisionareacceptedasproofofidentity.
306.Ophitoxemiais? a)Snakevenompoisoning b)Scorpionbite c)Spiderbite d)Tickbite CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Snakevenompoisoning[RefRameshGuptaZoologybook]Ophitoxemiaispoisoningbysnakevenom.
307.Blistersareabsentin? a)Burns b)Putrefaction c)ArsenicPoisoning d)Postmortemcaloricity CorrectAnswer-DAnsis'd'i.e.,Postmortemcaloricity[RefReddy03tivep.139,140;S.K.Singhalp.92]Thereisnoblisteringinpostmortemcaloricity.Allotherconditionsareassociatedwithblisterformation
308.Novusactusinterveniensis- a)Factsspeakingforitself b)Breakingofchain c)Contributorynegligence d)Therapeuticmisadventure CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.BreakingofchainApersonisresponsibleforhisactionsandtheirconsequences.Thisprincipleappliestocasesofassaultoraccidentalinjuries.However,sometimessuchcontinuityofeventsisbrokenbyanentirelynewandunexpectedhappening,duetonegligenceofsomeotherperson,i.e."Novusactusinterveniens"(anunrelatedactionintervening).Forexample,Ifapersonhasbeenassaultedduetowhichhehassustainedalargeliverlaceration,forwhichheisoperatedbyasurgeon.Ifthepatientdiesintraoperativelyorpostoperativelyduetocomplicationsrelatedtosurgeryorinjury,thepersonwhohasassaultedthepatientwillbeheldresponsible.But,ifthedoctorhasdonesomenegligentactduringsurgery,e.g.lefttheswaborinstrumentinabdomenduringsurgery;andpatientdiesbecauseofthatact(sepsisduetoswab),thentheresponsibilitymaypassfromoriginalincidenttolaternegligentactofdoctorbyprincipleof`Novusactusintervention'(anunrelatedactionintervening).Thusthedoctorisresponsiblefornegligentacts,i.e.criminalnegligence,andtheassailantwillnotbefullyresponsiblefortheultimateharm.
309.Inquest,notfollowedinIndiais- a)Policeinquest b)Magistrateinquest c)Coroner'sinquest d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Coroner'sinquestCoroner'scourtusedtobeheldinIndiainBombay(Mumbai).Now,itisheldnowhereinthecountry.ItwasabolishedevenfromMumbaiin1999.
310.Lengthofthefetusis40cms.Whatwould betheageofgestation? a)4months b)6months c)7months d)8months CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,8months[RefModi23'diep.1016,1037;DuttaObstetrics6th/ep.41]AccordingtoRuleofHasse:Length=5xmonthsofpregnancy.Thus,40=5xmonthsofpregnancyormonthsofpregnancy=8
311.Extrapermanenttoothtoeruptis- a)Upperincisor b)Canine c)Molar d)Lowerincisor CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Upperincisor[RefTextbookofPediatricDecntistryp.354]Mostcommonsupernumeraryteetharepermanent,anteriorincisorinthemaxilla(maxillaryincisors),calledmesiodens.Aftermaxillaryincisors,maxillaryandmandibularfourthmolarscalleddistodensordistomolars
312.Alcoholistakenwithaeratedsoftdrinks because- a)Absorptionisfaster b)Effectisincreased c)Toavoidhangover d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Absorptionisfaster[RefHandbookofAlcoholicBeverages]Therateofalcoholabsorptionisdependentonitsconcentration,beingthehighestfrombeveragescontainingabout20%to30%alcohol,andonthespeedofitsconsumption.Alcoholconsumedinacratedbeveraesismorereadilyabsorbed,asisalcoholtakenonanemptystomach.
313.UVraysexaminationisdonefor- a)Fadedtattoo b)Bloodsatins c)Hairexamination d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.Fadedtattoo[RefPrinciplesofForensicMedicineandToxicologybyRajeshBardale]Tattoomarkispermanentwhendyepenetratesthedermis.Ultravioletlampmakesoldtattoosreadilyvisible.AfadedtattoomarkbecomesvisiblebyuseofInfraredphotographyorrubbingthepartandexaminingwithmagnifyinglens.
314.Justbeforethebirthwhichepiphysis appears? a)Lowerendoffemur b)Upperendofhumerus c)Lowerendoffibula d)Upperendoftibia CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Lowerendoffemur[RefReddy30/ep.64,65] 1. Atbirthcenterappearsupperendoftibiaandheadofhumerus.2. At2monthsintrauterinelife(IUL)Centerappearsformandible, clavicle,ribs,vertebrae,frontalandparietalbones. 3. At3monthsIULCenterappearsforsacrum.4. At4monthsIULCenterappearsfortemporalandoccipital bones. 5. At5monthsIULCenterappearsforcalcaneum.6. At6monthsIULCenterappearsforsternum.7. At7monthsIUL4Centerappearsfortalus.8. At9monthsIUL/birthCenterappearsforlowerendoffemur.9. AtbirthCenterappearsupperendoftibiaandheadofhumerus.
315.Baseofsphenoidfuseswithoccipitat theageof- a)20years b)30years c)40years d)50years CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,20years[RefDr.AnilAggrarwalp.68]Spheno-occipitistheearliesttofuse(20years).Saggitalsutureobliteratesat30-35years.Coronoid(coronalsuture)obliteratesat35-40years.Lambdoidsutureobliteratesat45-50years.Squamoussutureobliteratesat60years.Spheno-parietalsutureobliteratesat70years.
316.Falseaboutdeclarationofbrainstem deathinhospital- a)Presenceofneurologistisnotrequired b)Drugoverdoseshouldberuledout c)Patientmustbeincoma d)Alloftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.Presenceofneurologistisnotrequired[RefPrinciplesofForensicMedicine&ToxicologyByRajeshBardalep.134]GuidelinesfordeclarationofbrainstemdeathBraindeathneedstobecertifiedbyaboardofdoctor'sconsistingof:RegisteredMedicalPractioner(RMP)inchargeofhospitalwherebraindeathhasoccurred.AnindependentRMP-aspecialist.ANeurologist/Neurosurgeonnominatedbypanel.RMPtreatingthepatient.Thepatientmustbeexaminedbyteamofdoctorsatleasttricewithareasonablegapoftimeinbetween(atleast6hours).Noneofthedoctor'swhoparticipateindiagnosisofbraindeathshouldhaveanyinterestintransplantationororganremovalfromcadaver.Braindeathcertificatehastobesignedbyallthemembersofboard.DiagnosisofbrainstemdeathdependsuponfollowingfindingsThepatientmustbeindeepcomaandcauseofthecomamustbeirreversiblestructuralbrainstemdamage(i.e.prolongedhypoxia,trauma,illnessortoxicinsult)mustbeestablished.Exclusionofothercausesofcoma:
Hypothermia,Drugoverdoseeg:CNSdepressants(benzodiazepines,barbituratesetc)MetabolicorendocrinedisturbancesIntoxication(alcohol)Demonstratingofabsenceofbrainstemreflexes(Pupillaryreflex,oculovestibularreflex(,cornealreflex,pharyngealandtrachealreflexes.)Nospontaneousrespiration.
317.Timeintervalbetweensomaticand moleculardeathis- a)5-10min b)10-30min c)30-1hr d)1-2hrs CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.1-2hrs[Refe-bookofPostmortemchangesbyDRDRao]Deathofthetissuesandcellsindividually(moleculardeath)takesplaceusually1-2hoursafterstoppageofvitalfunctions(somaticdeath).Moleculardeathofvariousorgansoccuratdifferentintervalsaftersomaticdeath: 1. NervoustissueAfter5minutes.2. Liver-After15minutes.3. Heart-After45minutes.4. Kidney4After1hours.5. MusclesAfter3hours
318.Bishop'stripodoflifeincludesallexcept - a)Respiration b)Circulation c)Spinalcordreflexes d)Brainfunctions CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,SpinalcordreflexesSomaticdeathItisthecompleteandirreversiblestoppageofthecirculation,respirationandbrainfunctions(bishop'stripodoflife).Somaticdeathisassociatedwithimmediatesignsofdeath:? 1. Permanentandcompletecessationoffunctionofbrainandflat electricEEGwithnoresponsetoexternalstimuli;i.e.braindeath. 2. Permanentandcompletecessationoffunctionofheartandflat ECG. 3. Permanentandcompletecessationoffunctionoflungs
319.MTPcanbedonebyasingledoctortill? a)8weeks b)12weeks c)20weeks d)24weeks CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,12weeks[RefDutta6th/ep.174;Park22"/ep.467]TheActprovidessafeguardstothemotherbyauthorizingonlyaRegisteredMedicalPractitionerhavingexperienceingynecologyandobstetricstoperformabortionwherethelengthofpregnancydoesnotexceed12weeks.
320.Forautopsy,stomachisopenthrough- a)Lessersac b)Greatersac c)Greatercurvature d)Lessercurvature CorrectAnswer-CAnsis'c'i.e.Greatercurvature[RefAtlasofAdultAutopsyp.66]Stomachisopenedthroughgreatercurvaturewhichallowstoseelessersac.Dependingontypeofcase,anyofthebodycavitycanbeopenedfirst.Spinalcordisroutinelynotopened.Itisconvenienttostarttheexaminationwiththecavitychieflyaffected.Incasesofdeathduetoasphyxia(especiallyhangingandstrangulation),neckshouldbeopenedlast.Spinalcordcanbeapproachedeitherfromposterior(mostpreferred)oranteriorapproach.Highcervicalspineinjuriesarebestseenbyposteriorandthoracicspinebyanteriorapproach.Bloodforthesampleistakenfromfemoralvein.Thejugularorsubclavianveinscanalsobeused.10-20mlofbloodistakenanditistakenbeforeautopsy.30mlofbloodshouldbepreserved(minimumis10ml).
321.Bacteriamostcommonlyinvolvedin boweldecompositionafterdeathis- a)Streptococcuspyogenes b)Clostridiumwelchii c)Pseudomonasaeruginosa d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Clostridiumwelchii[RefReddy30th/ep.149-152]Boweldecompositionisbroughtaboutbyaerobicandanaerobicbacteriapresentinsmallintestine(e.g.C.welchii,staphylococcus,E.colietc.)whichreleaseenzymes(especiallylipaseandlecithinase)whichactonbodytocausebreakdown.
322.Howmanydaysapersoncanlive withoutfoodandwater? a)1to2days b)2to4days c)5to7days d)10to12days CorrectAnswer-DAns.is.d,10to12days[RefParikh6th/ep.3.74;SKSinghalelep.146]Feelingofintensehungerlastsfor30-48hoursEmaciation&absorptionofsubcutaneousfatbeginstooccurAfter4-5daysNewbornmaysurvivewithoutfood&waterFor7-10daysAdultmaysurvivewithoutfood&water10-12daysIffoodaloneiswithdrawndeathoccursin6-8weeks(50-60days)
323.Negativeautopsyisdefinedas- a)Nocauseofdeathisfoundongrossaswellas histopathologicalexamination b)Causeisapparentongrossexaminationbutnoton histopathologicalexamination c)Grossfindingsareminimal d)Causeisapparentongrossexaminationbutnotfoundbecause ofconstraintsonthepartofdoctor CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Nocauseofdeathisfoundongrossaswellashistopathologicalexamination[RefDr.AnilAggrawalp.124]TypesofautopsyNormalautopsy-causeisapparentfromgrossexaminationDefectiveautopsy-causewasascertainable,butwasnotascertainedduetoconstrainsonthepartofdoctor,hospital,facilitiesetcObscureautopsy-grossfindingsareminimal,indecisiveorobscure,asinadrenalinsufficiency,anestheticoverdose,myxedema,rareplantpoisons,thyrotoxicosisetc.subsequentexaminationlikehistology,microbiology,toxicologyorserologyrevealthecause.Negativeautopsy/inconclusiveautopsy-Causeisnotclearfromgrossaswellassubsequentexaminations.
324.InAdipocere,colorchangeseenis- a)Grayishwhite b)Black c)Brown d)Red CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.Grayishwhite[RefReddy30th/ep.155-156]Adipocereisacrumbly,waxy,water-insolublematerialconsistingmostlyofsaturatedfattyacids.Dependingonwhetheritwasformedfromwhiteorbrownbodyfat,adipocereiseithergrayishwhiteortanincolor.
325.Notafeatureofpostmortemstaining- a)Occurimmediateafterdeath b)Commonindependentpart c)Disappearwithputrefaction d)Marginsaresharp CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Occurimmediateafterdeath[RefReddy30th/ep.141,142]Postmortemstainingisanearlysign(notimmediatesign)ofdeath.Itreferstodiscolorationofskinandinternalorgansafterdeathduetoaccumulationoffluidbloodintonelesscapillariesandsmallveinsofdependentpartofthebody.Itdoesnotappearelevatedabovethesurfacebuthassharplydefined(usuallyhorizontal)margins.Itisanearlysignofdeath.Itstartsatabout1hour,becomesaseriesofmottledpatcheswithin1-3hoursandthesepathcesincreaseinsizetocoalesceinabout3-6hours.After6-12hours,lividityisfullydevelopedandfixed(unchangeable),i.e.primarylividity.Itendswhenputrificationsetsin.Fixationoflividityisduetostagnationofbloodindistendedcapillariesandvenules(notduetocoagulationofblood).
326.Acidinjurycanbedifferentiatedfrom alkaliinjuryby? a)Liquefactivenecrosis b)Acidburnsaremoredangerous c)Perforationismorecommon d)Affectsmorecommonlyesophagus CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.Perforationismorecommon
327.Besttemperatureforputrefactionis- a)0-10C b)10-45C c)45-100C d)100-150C CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,10-45C[RefReddy30th/ep.149-152]Optimumtemperatureforputrefaction10?C-45?C.Putrefactionisthelaststageinresolutionofbodyfromtheinorganictoorganicstateandiscertainsignofdeath.Putrefactionrateinairistwiceascomparedtoinwater,andeighttimeascomparedtoinearth(Casperdictum).Putrefactionisdelayedindeathduetowastingdiseaseanemia,debility,poisoningbycarbolicacid,zincchloride,strychineandchronicheavymetalpoisoning.
328.Chickenfatappearanceisseenin- a)Antemortemwound b)Postmortemwound c)Gunshotinjury d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.Postmortemwound[RefReddy29th/ep.164,168;Parikh6th/ep.4.76]Chickenfatclotisseeninpostmortemwound.Gapingofthewound,presenceofvitalreactionandincreasedserotoninarefeaturesofantemortemwound.
329.Thornappleis? a)Dhatura b)Naxvomika c)Opioid d)Cannabis CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.Dhatura[RefParikh&hiep.10.50-10.51;Essentialsofforensicmedicine-812]Dhatura(thornapple)growsonwastelandalloverindiaandisoftwotypes(i)Dhaturaalbaand(ii)dhaturaniger.Allpartsofplantispoisonous,especiallyseedsandfruits.Activeprinciplesofdhaturaarelevohyoscyamine,hyoscine(scopolamine)andatropine.
330.Homicidalgunshotwoundcanbe differentiatedfromsuicidalgunshotwoundby- a)Multiplegunshotwounds b)Presenceofgunpowderonhand c)Nosignofstruggle d)None CorrectAnswer-AAnsis'a'i.e.MultiplegunshotwoundsFollowingareafewwaystoDifferentiatemurderfromsuicide 1. Whereonthebodytheinjuryoccurred:Ashottothesideofthe head,inthemouth,ortothefrontofthechestisusuallysuicide.Woundslocatedanywhereelsearemostlikelyhomicide. 2. Distanceofgunfromthebody:Mostsuicideshotsareatcontactor nearcontactrange,causingaburnmarkaroundthewoundandleavinggunpowderresidue(whichcanbewipedoff).Atcontactrange,andifthegunisfiredjustaboveabone,suchastheskullorthesternum,astar-likewoundisproduced.Anythingfurtherawayislikelyhomicide. 3. Angleoftheshot:Mostsuicideshotsareangledslightlyupward.4. Numberofshotsfired:Afteroneshot,evenifasuicidevictimisn't dead,hewouldlikelybeunconsciousorphysicallyunabletofireasecondtime.Multipleshotsusuallyindicatehomicide. 5. Presenceofgunpowderresidueonvictimshand:Ifamanshot himself,therewouldbepowderresiduefromunburnedcarbononthehandthatfiredthegun. 6. Shotsthroughclothing:Asuicidevictimwillrarelyshootthrough
clothing.Ifheshootshimselfinthechest,whichisunusual,hewillopenhisshirttoexposetheskin.Shotsthroughclothingsuggesthomicide. 7. History,anote,otherfactors:Ifthevictimleftasuicidenote,orwas knowntohavepersonalproblems,oriftherewasevidenceofdruguseordrinking,suicideislikely. 8. Evidenceofastruggle:Iftherearescratches,cuts,bruises, homicideislikely.
331.Bevelingofskullisseenin- a)Broadendoftheentrypointinbulletinjury b)Narrowendoftheentrypointinbulletinjury c)Exitpointofbullet d)Depressedfractureoftheskull CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Exitpointofbullet[RefParikh6th/ep.4.43]Woundofentranceshowsapunchedin(clean)holeintheoutertable.Coneshapedboneisdetachedfromtheinnertableformingacraterthatislargerthantheholeoftheoutertableandshowsbeveling(slopingsurface).Thus,fromlookingoutside,entrancewoundiscleancutholeandexitwoundisbevelledopening.
332.MickeyFinnis? a)Chloroform b)Methylalcohol c)Chloralhydrate d)Ethyleneglycol CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Chloralhydrate[RefReddy30th/ep.540]Mickeyfinnisacombinationofalcoholandchloralhydrate.
333.MostspecificsignofAntemortemburns is- a)Sootinrespiratorypassage b)Cyanosisoffingernails c)Pugilisticattitude d)Heatruptures CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Sootinrespiratorypassage[Ref:Parikh6thlep.4.152-4.156]Oneofthemostimportantcharacteristicofantemortemburnsisthefindingof'Sootandcarbonparticles'inlarynx,tracheaandmaybeinlungs.A.Specificsigns(whichindicateantemortemburning): 1. SootandCarbonparticlesinrespiratorypassages2. Increasedcarboxyhemoglobin(>5%)inblood3. Signsofvitalreaction4. Signsofinflammation5. Redlineofdemarcation6. Trueblister(vesicle)containingprotein(albumin)andchloride7. Increasedenzymeandsulfhydryl(-SH)group8. Increasedserotorineandhistamine9. Signsofhealingandrepair. B.Non-specificsigns(mayalsooccurinpostmortemburning): 1. Pugilisticattitude2. Heathematoma3. Heatfracture4. Heatruptures.
334.Sexwithcadaveriscalled- a)Necrophilia b)Exhibitionism c)Voveyrism d)Undinism CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Necrophilia[RefNarayanReddy30thiep.394]Necrophilia:Inthiscondition,thereisadesireforsexualintercoursewithdeadbodies.Itissaidtohavesadomasochisticfoundationandthatdecomposition,foulsmellandcoldnessactasstimulants.
335.Smackis- a)Cocaine b)Heroine c)Dhatura d)Cannabis CorrectAnswer-BAnsis'b'i.e.,HeroinHeroin(smackorbrownsugar)isthemostcommonlyabusedopioidand2"mostcommonlyabusedsubstance,afteralcohol.
336.Sexualgratificationbyinflictingpainon partner- a)Sodomy b)Sadism c)Necrophilia d)Bestiality CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Sadism[RefReddy30th/ep.394]Sexualgratificationisobtainedorincreasedfromactsofphysicalcrueltyorinflictionofpainonone'spartner.Itisseenmorecommonlyinmen.Toobtainsexualgratification,thesadistmaybite,beat,whip,producecutsonthevictim,etc
337.Sexualgratificationobtainedbyenemais called- a)Exhibitionism b)Fetichism c)Klismaphillia d)Frotteurism CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.Klismaphillia[RefInternet]Klismaphilia(orklysmaphilia),isaparaphiliainvolvingenjoymentof,andsexualarousalfrom,enemas.
338.Toexaminethevaginalcellsinofthe rapevictimtestusedis- a)Lugol'siodinetest b)Takayamatest c)Florencetest d)Precipitintest CorrectAnswer-AAnsis'a'i.e.Lugol'siodinetest[RefGRaop.301]Lugol'siodinetestItisdoneonthewashingofglanspenis(orfromamoistblottingpaper)ofaccused,whichthenexposedtoiodinevaporsorlugol'siodinesolution.Browncolormeansthetestispositive(on4thday).Browncolorisduetoglycogenpresentinvaginalepithelialcellsofthevictim.
339.Acidusedforforgingsignatureis? a)Sulphuricacid b)Nitricacid c)Carbolicacid d)Oxalicacid CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Oxalicacid[RefParikh6th/ep.8.32-8.34;Reddy'sEssentialsofforensicmedicineandtoxicology27th/ep.468-469]Oxalicacidisusedtoerasewriting,asableachingagentandincalicoprinting
340.Absorptionelutiontechniqueisusedfor - a)Bloodgroupdetection b)Speciesdetection c)Seminalstainexamination d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Bloodgroupdetection[RefParikh6th/ep.7.15-7.18;SKSinghal4'1'1ep.158-162]Forbloodgrouping,followingtestsareused:1)Immunological(serological): 1. absorption-elutiontest,2. absorption-inhibitiontest,3. mixedagglutinationtest,4. latextest. 2)Enzymologicalmethods.3)Latte'scrustmethod.
341.Arrowpoisonis? a)Opium b)Curare c)Cannabis d)Cyanide CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.curare[RefDr.AnilAggrawalp.447]Arrowpoisons? 1. Plantbased-Abrusprecatorius,aconite,calotropis,crotonoil, curare,strychnine,stropanthus. 2. Animalbased-Batracotoxin(BTX).
342.Testtoknowthespeciesfromblood stainis- a)Takayamatest b)Benzidinetest c)Precipitintest d)Teichmann'stest CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Preciptin-test[RefParikh6m/ep.7.15-7.18;S.K.Singhal4'/ep.158-162]Fordetectionofspecies,serological(immunological)testsareused.Thesetestsare: Precipitintest Haemagglutinationinhibitiontest Geldiffusiontest. Doublediffusiontest. Precipitation Latexagglutinationtest. electrophoresis.Isoenzymemethod (enzymologicaltest)
343.Allofthefollowingaretrueforingestion ofacidexcept- a)Theyarehygroscopic b)Coagulateproteins c)Hemoglobintohematin d)Systemicsymptomsaresevere CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.SystemicsymptomsaresevereAcidsfix,destroyanderodethesurfacewithwhichtheycomeincontact.Theymainlyactlocallyby 1. Hygroscopicextractionofwaterfromtissues2. Coagulationofproteins3. Conversionofhemoglobinintohematin. Asarulethereisnoremotesystemicactionwithexceptiontoshock.
344.Papaversemniferummilkexudesfrom? a)Leaf b)Root c)Poppyseed d)Unripecapsule CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Unripecapsule[RefReddy30th/ep.533-534]Opioids(opiates)arederivedfromthepoppyplant.Opiumisthedriedjuiceobtainedbyincisionoftheunripecapsuleofthewhitepoppy,papaversomniferum.Naturalderivativesofopiumaremorphine,heroinandcodeine.
345.Maxdamageisdonebywhichpoison- a)Irritantpoison b)Corrosivepoison c)Alcohol d)Opioid CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Corrosivepoison[RefRajeshBardalep.437]Corrosivesfix,destroyanderodethesurfacewithwhichtheycomeincontact.Thus,theycauseextensivetissuedamage.Irritantsproducelessseverdamagethancorrosivesandproducesymptomssimulatinggastroenteritis.
346.Leasttoxicformofleadis- a)Leadacetate b)Leadoxide c)Leadcarbonate d)Leadsulphide CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Leadsulphide[RefParikh6thlep.9.17-9.20;Reddy30thlep.497-498]Noheavymetalispoisonousinnativeform,exceptlead.Metallicleadandallitssaltsarepoisonous.Theprincipalsaltswhichproducetoxiceffectsare:(1)Leadacetate(sugaroflead),(2)leadcarbonate(safedaorwhitelead),(3)leadchromate,(4)leadmonoxide(lethrage),(5)leadtetraoxide(redlead,vermilion,sindur)and(6)leadsulphide(leasttoxic).
347.Marschtestisdoneforpoisoningwith? a)Lead b)Mercury c)Arsenic d)Nickel CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.Arsenic[RefParikh6thlep.9.9-9.11;Reddy30th/ep.493-494;Essentialsofforensicmedicine-812]Marsh'stestandReinsh'stestwereusedarsenicpoisoning,butareobsoletenow.
348.Whichofthefollowingismostspecific forarsenicpoisoning? a)Redvelvetystomachmucosa b)Blueliningongums c)Tremors d)Anemia CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.Redvelvetystomachmucosa[RefParikh6th/ep.9.9-9.11;Reddy30"`/ep.493-494;Essentialsofforensicmedicine-812]Redvelvetymucosaisatypicalpostmortemfindinginacutearsenicpoisoning.
349.Miscarriageduetonegligenceofdoctor isseenunderwhichIPC? a)Sec310IPC b)Sec311IPC c)Sec312IPC d)Sec314IPC CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Sec312IPCSec312IPCrefersto"causingmiscarriage"ofawomanpregnantwithachild,punishableupto3years,butifsheis"quick"withherchildthepunishmentmayextendto7years.
350.
Accordingtosection82IPCachild'sactisnotconsideredasacrimeifheis- a)<4years b)<7years c)<12years d)<18years CorrectAnswer-BAns.is`b'i.e.,<7years82Achildundertheageofsevenisincapableofcommittinganoffence.Thisissobecauseactionalobedoesnotamounttoguiltunlessifisaccompaniedbyaguiltymind.And,achildofthattenderagecannothaveaguiltymindorcriminalintentionwithwhichtheactisdone.Thispresumption,however,isonlyconfinedtooffensesundertheIPCbutnottootherActs,e.g.,theRailwayAct.
351.DowrydeathisunderwhichIPC? a)IPC304A b)IPC304B c)IPC305A d)IPC305B CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,IPC304B304-BIPC:Dowrydeath:10yearsofimprisonmentwhichcanextendtolife.
352.Lendrumstainisdonefor? a)Airembolism b)Fatembolism c)Amnioticfluidembolism d)None CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Amnioticfluidembolism[RefHandbookofautopsypractise3rdlep.283]AmnioticfluidembolismdiagnosisSectionsoflungsandotherorgansarestainedusingPhloxine-Tartrazine(Lendrumstaining)todetectsquames,AlcianBluetodetectmucin.SudanBlackorOilRedtodetectvernixcaseosa.
353.CrPC26? a)Divisionofoffence b)Divisionofnegligence c)Divisionofmalpractice d)None CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,DivisionofoffenceAccordingtoSec26ofCrPC,1973,OffencesundertheCriminalProcedureCode(hereinafterthe"CrPC")aredividedinto: 1. OffencesunderIndianPenalCode(IPC)(triablebyHC,Sessions Courtandothercourtshowninthe1stScheduletotheCrPC) 2. Offencesunderanyotherlaw(empowersHC,whennocourtis mentionedforanyoffenceunderanylawotherthanIPC,totrysuchoffences)
354.
Whichsectionbelongstomaritalrape? a)375A b)376A c)376B d)375B CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,376A[RefReddy30"Vep.377]MaritalrapeItisforcefulsexualintercoursewithwifewhoislivingseparatelyfromhimunderadecreeofseparation,oranycustomorusagewithoutherconsent.Itispunishablewithimprisonmentupto2yearsprovidedtheageofwifeisnotbelow12years-Section376A,I.P.C.
355.Plantiffisapersonwho? a)Filescaseincivilcourt b)Actsasdefender c)Givesjudgement d)None CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Filescaseincivilcourt[RefInternet]Plaintiffisapersonwhofilesacaseincivilcourt.?
356.DNAfingerprintingcannotbetakenfrom ? a)Saliva b)Tooth c)Buccalmucosa d)Blood CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Tooth[RefParikh6thlep.7.2-7.15]DNAfinger-printing/DNAprofilingIsatechniqueemployedbyforensicscientiststoassistintheidentificationofindividualsbytheirrespectiveDNAprofileitisafoolproofmethodtoconclusivelyfixthepaternity/maternity.Themostdesirablemethodofcollectingareferencesampleistheuseofabuccalswab.Whenthisisnotavailable(e.g.becauseacourtordermaybeneededandnotobtainable)othermethodsmayneedtobeusedtocollectasampleofblood,saliva,semen,orotherappropriatefluidortissuefrompersonalitems(e.g.toothbrush,razor,etc.)orfromstoredsamples(e.g.bankedspermorbiopsytissue)
357.Whichofthefollowingisnotseenin fingerprints? a)Loop b)Circles c)Whorl d)Arch CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Circles[RefReddy30`h/ep.75-76]Classificationoffingerprints:Loops(60-70%)-radial,ulnarWhorls(25-35%)-concentric,spiral,doublespiral,almondshapedArches(6-7%)-plain,tented,exceptionalComposite(1-2%)-centralpocketloops,lateralpocketloops,twinnedloops,accidentalsMostcommontype-Loops.Leastcommontype->Composite.
358.Whichsnakebitecauseshematologic abnormalities? a)Cobra b)Crait c)Viper d)Seasnake CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,Viper[RefParikh&Yep.9.44] Hematotoxic VipersMyotoxic Seasnakes Neurotoxic Elapids-cobra,Krait,coral
359.Whatisfirstexternalsignof decompositionofdeadbody- a)Decompositionofliverandintestine b)Greenishdiscolourationoverrightiliacfossa c)Greenishdiscolourationoverdependentparts d)Bloodstainedfrothfrommouth CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Greenishdiscolourationoverrightiliacfossa[RefReddy30th/ep.150-152]Firstexternalsignofputrefaction-Greendiscolorationinrightiliacfossa.FirstinternalsignofputrefactionGreendiscolorationunderliver.Theseareduetoinvolvementofcaecumwhichcontainsmoregasandisfullofbacteria.
360.Blackpapperadultrantis? a)Khesaridal b)Driedpapayaseed c)Finesand d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is`b'i.e.,Driedpapayaseed
361.Invitrouswhatismeasuredfortime sincedeath- a)Sodium b)Potassium c)Proteins d)Chloride CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Potassium[Ref:Reddy30th/ep.139]Postmortemchangesineyeare:LossofcornealreflexOpacityofcornea-corneabecomesopaquein2to4hours.Flaccidityofeyeball-withinminutesafterdeathduetodecreasedintraoculartension.Pupilsaredilatedwithinoneminuteofdeath,pupilsreacttoatropineforaboutonehour.Retina-fragmentationofbloodcolumninretinalvesselsoccurwithinminutestoonehour.Chemicalchange-asteadyriseinthepotassiumvaluesoccurinthevirtoushumorafterdeathupto100times.
362.MostcommondrugabuseinIndia? a)Cannabis b)Amphetamine c)Cocaine d)Heroine CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,HeroinAmongstthegivenoptions,heroinisthemostcommonlyabusedsubstance:Alcohol43.9%Opioids(includingheroin)26%Cannabis11.6%
363.Inhowmanyhoursdoesadeadbody floatinIndiainsummer? a)6hours b)12hours c)24hours d)48hours CorrectAnswer-CAns.is'c'i.e.,24hoursTimeoffloatationofdeadbodyindrowiningisordinarily24hoursafterdeathinsummerand2to3daysincoldseason. 1. Thebodyfloatsquickerinsummerduetoearlyputrefaction)2. Itfloatsupsoonerinshalloworsalinewaterbecauseofitshigher specificgravity) 3. Floatationisquickerinpollutedwaterduetoquickerdecomposition)4. Bodiesofwomenandfattypersonsfloatearlierastheyarehighter. Bodiesofthechildrenfloatupearlierasbonesarelighter.
364.EthyleneGlycolantidoteis? a)Barbiturates b)Acetycysteine c)Ferricchloride d)Fomipizole CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Fomipizole[RefReddy30th/ep.533]Antidoteforethyleneglycolpoisoningisfomipizole.
365.Inmedicolegalautopsy,cavitytobe openedfirstis? a)Thoracic b)Abdomen c)Cervical d)Anyoftheabove CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Anyoftheabove[RefReddy30thlep.97]Dependingontypeofcase,anyofthebodycavitycanbeopenedfirst.Spinalcordisroutinelynotopened.Itisconvenienttostarttheexaminationwiththecavitychieflyaffected
366.TrueaboutStabWounds? a)DepthisgreaterthanBreadth b)Breadthisgreaterthandepth c)Lengthisgreaterthanbreadth d)Ithaswoundofentryandexit CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Depthisgreaterthanbreadth[RefReddy30thlep.179]Stab/puncturewoundisaninjurycausedbypointedweaponssuchasdagger,knife,needle,arrow,scissoranditsdepthisthegreatestdimension.
367.Oochronosisisseeninwhichpoisoning ? a)Hydrochloricacid b)Carbolicacid c)Oxalicacid d)Formicacid CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Carbolicacid[RefReddy30th/ep.489]Chroniccarbolicacidpoisoning/phenolmarasmusThepoisoningischaracterisedbyanorexia,weightloss,headache,vertigo,darkurineandpigmentationofskin&sclera.Carbolicacid/Phenolisconvertedintohydroquinone&pyrocatecholinthebodybeforebeingexcretedintheurine.Hydroquinoneerpyrocatecholmaycausepigmentationinthecorneaandvariouscartilages-Oochronosis.Oochronosisiscommonlyassociatedwithalkaptonuria,inwhichhomegentisicacidgetsdepositedincartilages,ligaments&fibroustissues.
368.Marshallstriadisseenin? a)Explosiveinjury b)Gunshotinjury c)Drowninginjury d)None CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Explosiveinjury[Refepository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/19400/Blumenthal_Does(2012).pdj]Marshall'striadincludespunctate-bruises,abrasionsandsmallpunctatelacerationsallofwhicharetypicallyfoundinanexplosivebombblast.
369.Brutonianlinesongumsisseenin poisoningwith? a)Lead b)Mercury c)Mercury d)Zinc CorrectAnswer-A:BAns.is'a>b'i.e.,Lead>Mercury[RefReddy306/ep.497-498]Burtonianlineisblueline,whichisseenonuppergumsinleadpoisoning.Similarblueline(butnotcalledburtonianlineinthesecases)isalsoseeninpoisoningwithMercury(Hg),Copper(Cu),Silver(Ag),bismuth(Bi),andIron(Fe).
370.Cyanideodourisof? a)Rottenegg b)Fish c)Fruity d)Bitteralmond CorrectAnswer-DAns.is'd'i.e.,Bitteralmond[RefReddy30th/ep.578]OdorsassociatedwithpoisoningGarliklike:Phosphorus,arsenic,zincphosphide,aluminiumphosphide(celphos),arsinegas,tellurium,parathion,malathion,arsenic.Rotteneggs:Hydrogensulphide,mercaptans,disulphiram.Fishyormusty:Zincphosphide.Bitteralmonds:Cyanide,HCN.Acrid:Paraldehyde,chloralhydrate.Burntrope:Cannabis.Kerosenelike:Keroseneandorganophosphates.Phenolicsmell:Carbolicacid.
371.Lafaciessymapthiqueisseenin? a)Hanging b)Strangulation c)Myocardialinsufficiency d)Railwayaccident CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Hanging[RefReddy30th/ep.526]Lafaciessymapthique:eyeonthesideoftheknotinhangingremainsopen,duetooverstretchingofcervicalsympatheticchainoftheneckonthisside.Itoccursinhangingduetopressureofligatureknotonthecervicalsympatheticchain.
372.Victimwaschokedwithmouth&nose coveredwithelbowaroundneck.Itiscalledas? a)Mugging b)Garrotting c)Bansadola d)Noneoftheabove CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,Mugging[RefReddy30th/ep.321]Mugging:Strangulationiscausedbyholdingtheneckofthevictiminthebendoftheelbow.Garrotting:Thevictimisattackedfrombehind.Thethroatmaybegraspedoraligatureisthrownovertheneck&quicklytightened,bytwistingitwithalever,whichresultsinsuddenlossinconsciousnessandcollapse.Bansdola:onestrongbambooorstickisplacedacrossthebackoftheneck&anotheracrossthefront.Boththeendsaretiedwitharopeduetowhichthevictimissqueezedtodeath
373.Firstaidshouldbegiveninacidcontact ? a)Washwithnormalwatersoap b)Washwithmildalkaliagent c)Washwithstrongalkali d)Refertohighercentre CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Washwithmildalkaliagent[RefReddy30Thlep.485]Themostcriticalaspectofacidburncareistheconstantandprolongedwashingoftheareawithwaterataroomtemperaturetogettheacidoutimmediately.Totryandminimizethedamage,theeffectsofacidshouldbeneutralizedbyapplyingamildalkalisolutiontotheaffectedarea(solutionofsodiumbicarbonateandwater.
374.Frotteruismis? a)Sexualpleasureisobtainedbywitnessingtheactofurination b)Sexualgratificationbyrubbingprivateparts c)Sexualpractiseinvolvingthreepeople d)None CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Sexualgratificationbyrubbingprivateparts[RefReddy30thiep.395]Frotteurism:iscontactwithanotherpersoninordertoobtainsexualgratification.Sexualgratificationbyrubbingprivatepartsagainstafemalebodyincrowd.ItispunishableunderSection290I.P.C.,withfineuptoRs200.
375.Whatactsasbothpoison&antidote? a)CuSO4 b)HgC12 c)Ar203 d)Thalliumarsenate CorrectAnswer-AAns.is'a'i.e.,CuSO4[Ref:Reddy30th/ep.500,503]Coppersulphateactsasapoison&anantidoteforphosphoruspoisoning.Coppersulphatewheningestedcausesburningpaininstomachwithcolickyabdominalpain,vomiting.Inseverecases,hemolysis,hemoglobinuria,methemoglobinemia,jaundice,pancreatitis&cramps&convulsions.Deathcanoccurduetohepatic&renalfailure.Itisgiveningastriclavageforphosphorouspoisoningasitcoatstheparticlesofphosphorouswithafilmofcoppersulphidewhichisharmless.
376.Estimatevolumeofringerlactateinfirst 8hrsfor40%burnsin50kgmalewith2?burns? a)8lt b)4lt c)2lt d)6lt CorrectAnswer-BAnswer:B.4ltParklandformulamostcommonlyusedIVfluid-LactatedRinger'sSolutionFluidcalculation4xweightinkgx%TBSAburnGive1/2ofthatvolumeinthefirst8hoursGiveother1/2innext16hoursWarning:Despitetheformulasuggestingcuttingthefluidrateinhalfat8hours,thefluidrateshouldbegraduallyreducedthroughouttheresuscitationtomaintainthetargetedurineoutput,i.e.,donotfollowthesecondpartoftheformulathatsaystoreducetherateat8hours,adjusttheratebasedontheurineoutput.Exampleoffluidcalculation50-kgmanwith40%TBSAburnParklandformula:4x50x40=8,000mlGive1/2infirst8hours=4,000mlinfirst8hoursAdjustfluidratetomaintainurineoutputof50ml/hr
377.Posthumouschildis: a)Childdeliveredafterdeathofbiologicalmother b)Childdeliveredafterdeathofbiologicalfather c)Bornafterdeathofparents d)hasbeenabandonedbyparents CorrectAnswer-BAnswer:B.ChilddeliveredafterdeathofbiologicalfatherAchildbornafterdeathofhis/herbiologicalfather
378.
M'naghtenrulecomesunderwhichsectionofIPC? a)Crpc84 b)Cpc48 c)Ipc84 d)IPC48 CorrectAnswer-CAnswer:C.Ipc84M'naghtenrule(legaltestorrightorwrongtest):Itstatesthatanaccusedpersonisnotlegallyresponsible,ifitisclearlyprovedthatatthetimeofcommittingthecrime,personwassufferingfromsuchadefectofreasonfromabnormalityofmindthathedidn'tknowthenatureandqualityofacthewasdoingorthatwhathewasdoingwaswrongi.e.apersonisnotresponsibleifheisnotofsoundmind.Itisacceptedinindiaaslawofcriminalresponsibilityandisembodiedinsection841PCas-"nothingisanoffencewhichisdonebyaperson,whoatthetimeofdoingit,byreasonofunsoundnessofmindisincapableofknowingthenatureofact,orthatheisdoingwhatiseitherwrongorcontrarytolaw".
379.Bluishdiscolorationofgastricmucosa seeninwhichpoisoning? a)Mercury b)Cadmium c)Amytalsodium d)Arsenic CorrectAnswer-CAnswer:C.Amytalsodium S. Poison Color No.1. Coppersulfate,amytalcapsule Blue 2. Ferroussulfate Green 3. Sulphurichydrochloric/aceticacid Black/charred 4. Nitricacid Yellow 5. Carbolicacid Buff/white 6. Arsenic Whiteparticles 7. Mercury Slate 8. Cresols Brown
380.Musclepain,nephropathycausedby whichmetalpoisoning a)Arsenic b)Cadmium c)Mercury d)Lead CorrectAnswer-AAnswer:A.ArsenicNephropathyiscausedbymostofheavymetals.Musclepainisassociatedwitharsenic.
381.Whichisthefirstorgantoputrefy: a)Brian b)Heart c)Prostate d)Kidney CorrectAnswer-AAnswer:A.BrianTheorderofputrefactionis-earliesttolastlarynx,tracheaStomach,intestineliver,spleenBrain,LungsHeart,KidneyBladder,Uterus/ProstrateSkin,muscles,tendonlastly,bones.)
382.Locardisfamousfor: a)Theoryofexchange b)Fingerprintstudy c)Formulaforestimationofstature d)Systemofpersonalidentificationusingthebodymeasurement CorrectAnswer-AAnswer:A.TheoryofexchangeEdmundlocardisfamousfortheoryofexchange.
383.Whendoesbasiocciputfuseswith basisphenoid? a)18to22 b)22to25 c)14-16 d)12-14 CorrectAnswer-AAnswer:A.18to22Thebasioccipitalfuseswiththebasisphenoidatabout18to21years.
384.Whatisthesmellofmummifiedbody? a)Odourless b)Putrid c)Pungent d)Offensive CorrectAnswer-AAnswer:A.OdourlessAmummywillsmellodourless,thisisbecausetheinternalorgansareremoved(whicharethebiggestfactorsinthedecayprocess)andreplacedwithnatron(whichdriesthemout,preventing'proper'decay).Therestofthebodyisalsodriedusingnatron.
385.Patientpresentedwithproximaltubule proteinuria.Whichmetalislikelytobeassociatedwithit? a)Cadmium b)Mercury c)Gold d)Lead CorrectAnswer-AAnswer:A.CadmiumEarlykidneydamageandproteinuriaseeninpeople,occupationallyorenvironmentallyexposedtocadmium.
386.Whichofthefollowingconstitutional articleisnotrelatedtochildren: a)23 b)21-A c)42 d)24 CorrectAnswer-CAnswer:C.42ConstitutionalGuaranteesthataremeantspecificallyforchildreninclude:Righttofreeandcompulsoryelementaryeducationforallchildreninthe6-14yearagegroup(Article21A)Righttobeprotectedfromanyhazardousemploymenttilltheageof14years(Article24)Righttobeprotectedfrombeingabusedandforcedbyeconomicnecessitytoenteroccupationsunsuitedtotheirageorstrength(Article39(e))Righttoequalopportunitiesandfacilitiestodevelopinahealthymannerandinconditionsoffreedomanddignityandguaranteedprotectionofchildhoodandyouthagainstexploitationandagainstmoralandmaterialabandonment(Article39(f))Righttoearlychildhoodcareandeducationtoallchildrenuntiltheycompletetheageofsixyears(Article45)Besides,ChildrenalsohaverightsasequalcitizensofIndia,justasanyotheradultmaleorfemale:Righttoequality(Article14)Rightagainstdiscrimination(Article15)Righttopersonallibertyanddueprocessoflaw(Article21)
Righttobeingprotectedfrombeingtraffickedandforcedintobondedlabour(Article23)Rightofminoritiesforprotectionoftheirinterests(Article29)Rightofweakersectionsofthepeopletobeprotectedfromsocialinjusticeandallformsofexploitation(Article46)Righttonutritionandstandardoflivingandimprovedpublichealth(Article47)
387.Whichofthestatementregarding Factoryactiscorrect a)Childagelessthan14carryingseriousworkearnmoremoney b)Lessthan14yrnotdoneforfactoryact c)Morethan72hourworkperweek d)Morethan82hoursaweek CorrectAnswer-BAnswer:B-Lessthan14yrnotdoneforfactoryactTheFactoryActprohibitstheemploymentofchildrenbelow14yearsanddeclares15to18yearsasbelongingtotheadolescentgroup.Adolescentsrequirefitnesscertificatepriortoemploymentinajob.Actalsoprescribedamaximum48hoursperweek,notexceeding9Hoursperdaywithatleasthalfhourrestafter5hourcontinuouswork.
388.Whichofthefollowingisthelawonchild sexualabuseinIndia? a)ChildSexualAbusePreventionAct b)ProtectionOfChildrenfromSexualOffencesAct(POCSO) c)ChildWelfareAct d)SexualOffencesAct CorrectAnswer-BAns:B.POSCOActTheProtectionofChildrenfromSexualOffences(POSCO)Act,2012,2019ItisapplicabletothewholeofIndia.Itdefinesachildasanypersonbelowtheageof18yearsandprovidesprotectiontoallchildrenOffencescoveredundertheAct:PenetrativeSexualAssaultAggravatedPenetrativeSexualAssaultSexualAssaultAggravatedSexualAssaultSexualHarassmentoftheChildUseofChildforPornographicPurposes
389.PunishmentofperjurycomesunderIPC section? a)IPC191 b)IPC192 c)IPC193 d)IPC197 CorrectAnswer-CAns:C.IPC193DefinespunishmentforfabricatingfalseevidenceThewitnessisliabletobeprosecutedforperjury,andtheimprisonmentmayextenduptosevenyears.193IPC:punishmentforfalseevidence,(punishmentforperjury):imprisonmentupto7yearsandalsoliableforfineI91IPC:Givingfalseevidence(perjury)underoath.I92IPC:Fabricatingfalseevidence(perjury)THEESSENTIALSOFFORENSICMEDICINEANDTOXICOLOGY-Dr.K.S.NARAYANREDDY33rdedition-pg-13
390.Whencivilnegligenceisbroughtup againstadoctor,theonusofproofliesupon- a)Judicialfirst-degreemagistrate b)Policenotbelowthelevelofsub-inspector c)Doctor d)Patient CorrectAnswer-DAns:D.Patient"Generallyspeaking,itisforthepatientinanactionfornegligencetoestablishtheguiltofthedoctor,whoseinnocenceisotherwiseassumed."-ParikhHowever,incaseswheretheruleofresipsaloquiturisapplied,thepatientneednotprovenegligence.Resipsoloquiturmeansthat"thethingorfactspeaksforitself."Thepatienthastomerelystatewhataccordingtohimwastheactofnegligence.CivilnegligenceWhenapatient(orhisrelative,incaseofpatient'sdeath)filessuitinacivilcourttogetcompensationfromhisdoctorfortheinjuryordeathofthepatientduetodoctor'snegligence.Adoctorfilesacivilsuittogetfeesfromhispatient,whorefusestopayallegingnegligence.Notethat?Evenifadoctorisnegligent,apatientisnotentitledtoanycompensationifnodamagehasoccurred.Anerrorindiagnosisortreatmentisnotnegligenceprovidedpropercareandskillhasbeenexercised.
Contributorynegligenceisnotadefenseincriminalnegligence.(Contributorynegligenceisanynegligenceonthepartofthepatientorhisattendant,whichalongwiththedoctor'snegligence,contributedtotheinjury)CriminalnegligencecasesaredealtwithunderI.P.C.section304A.
391.Relativesofapatienttoldduring postmortemexaminationthatthepersonhadatattoo-whichwasnowinvisible.Howtoidentify? a)ExaminetheLymphnode b)Spectrophotometer c)Ordinarylight d)X-ray CorrectAnswer-AAnswer-A-ExaminetheLymphnodeTattoomarksarepermanentwhendyepenetratesthedermis.Infraredphotographymakesoldtattoosreadilyvisible.Afadedtattoomarkbecomesvisiblebytheuseofultravioletlamp4orrubbingthepartandexaminingwithamagnifyinglens.Marksarerecognizedevenindecomposedbodies(Aret)whentheepidermisisremoved.Lymphnodesnearthetattoomarkshowpigmentdeposition.
392.TrueabouthymeninChildrapeis- a)Hymeneasilytearsbecauseitisthin b)Hymeneasilytearsbecauseitisinthefront c)Hymenhardlytearsbecauseitishighlyelastic d)Hymenhardlytearsbecauseitissituateddeep CorrectAnswer-DAnswer-D-HymenhardlytearsbecauseitissituateddeepThehymenmaynotruptureafterrapeif:PenetrationwasnotfullThehymenistough,fleshyandelasticInayoungchild,fullpenetrationmaynotoccurGautamBiswasReviewofforensicmedicine&Toxicology2/e;pg-332https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/resources/publications/en/guidelines_chap7.pdf
393.Magnan'ssymptomsarerelatedto a)Cocainepoisoning b)Cannabis c)Cannabis d)Alcohol CorrectAnswer-AAnswer:A.CocainepoisoningMagnan'ssignorSymptomisaclinicalsigninwhichpeoplewithcocaineaddictionexperienceparaesthesiawhichfeelslikeaconstantlymovingforeignbodies,(cocainebugs)suchasfinesandorpowder,undertheskin.Itisthemosttactilehallucination.Degenerationofthecentralnervoussystemoccurs,andthepatientmaysufferfromhallucinations,convulsions,delirium,andinsanity.Magnan'ssymptomorcocainebugsischaracteristic,inwhichthereisafeelingasifgrainsofsandarelyingundertheskinorsomesmallinsectsarecreepingontheskingivingrisetoitchingsensation(formication,tactilehallucination)withresultantexcoriation,leadingtoirregularscratchesandulcers.THEESSENTIALSOFFORENSICMEDICINEANDTOXICOLOGYByDr.K.S.NARAYANREDDY33/e-pg-603
394.ParentsoftheChildcomplainsof assaultedbyoneoftheirrelativesandanalpaininachild,Oninvestigationtestshowsyellowiodinecrystalswithpicricacid-whatisthenameofthetest? a)Florencetest b)Barberio'stest c)Acidphosphatasetest d)CreatinePhosphokinase CorrectAnswer-BAnswer:B.Barberio'stestItdetectsspermin(secretedbytheprostate)andusesanaqueousoralcoholicsolutionofpicricacid.Asaturatedaqueousoralcoholicsolutionofpicricacid,whenaddedtothespermaticfluid,producesyellowneedle-shapedrhombiccrystalsofsperminepicrate.Thereactionprobablydependsonthepresenceofprostaticsecretion.TheAcidPhosphataseTest:Theprostaticsecretionelementofseminalfluidcontains500to1000timesgreateracidphosphatasethananyotherbodyfluid.Humanredcells,semenofhigherapes,andjuiceofcauliflowerhaveacidphosphataselevelsimilartothatofhumansemenTHEESSENTIALSOFFORENSICMEDICINEANDTOXICOLOGYByDr.K.S.NARAYANREDDY33/e-pg-434
395.TheMagistratecandetainthemaximum numberofdaysforamentallyillpersonaspermentalhealthcareis a)30days b)90days c)50days d)100days CorrectAnswer-AAns:A.30days*IftheMagistrateissatisfiedthatitisnecessarytodetaintheallegedmentallyillpersoninapsychiatrichospital,hepassesaReceptionOrder(orderforadmissionanddetention),whichisvalidfor30days.Ifheisnotsatisfied,hemayrefusetheapplication,givinghisreasonsinwriting,acopyofwhichissuppliedtotheapplicant.*AdmissionUnderSpecialCircumstance-Amentallyillpersonmaynotbeabletoexpresshiswillingnessforadmissionasavoluntarypatient,Suchpersoncanbeadmittedinapsychiatrichospital(psychiatricnursinghome)foraperiodof90daysifanapplicationismadebyarelativesandfriends