Download MBBS Important Topics Cardiovascular System

Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) Important Topics Cardiovascular System for MBBS 1st Year Important Topics, MBBS 2nd Year Important Topics, MBBS 3rd Year Important Topics & MBBS Final Year Important Topics.

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
1. Name
2.Age
3. Sex
4. Handedness
5. Resident of
6. Education
7. Occupation
8. Informant
9. Reliability
CHIEF COMPLAINTS
1. Xxxxxx ? Onset and course
2.Yyyyyy ? onset and course
3.Zzzz7z77 ? onset and course
H/O PRESENT ILLNESS
1. Chest Pain (Mnemonic ? OLD CAARTS)
a. Onset/location/duration/diurnal variation/Ch.......
b. Associated with(Nausea/vomiting/photophobia/
phonophobia/ abnormal behavior/LOC
/blurring of vision
c. Red flag signs
d. Preceded by aura
e. Aggravated by/relieved by/timing/severity/
f. Frequency (No of epis. in a day)/abn sweating

g. Pain anywhere in the body/
h. Diurnal variation/progress/present status
j- NYHA Class
2. Palpitations
a. Onset ? Rest/exertional, Duration
b. Regular/irregular
c. Aggravated/relieved by
d. Associated with
I. Presyncope/syncope/sweating/anxiety
ii. Post palpitations dieresis
e. Progress/Present status
f. NYHA Class
3. Dyspnoea
a. Onset
b. Progression
c. Duration
d. Rest same as for Palpitations
e. Any Orthopnea/PND/Platypnea/Trepopnea
f. Present status/NYHA Class
4. Easy Fatiguability
a. Quantity and quality of the fatigue in terms of patient
activity which he used to do before and now.
b. Progress/Present status
c. NYHA Class
5. Syncope and pre-syncope
a. As Described in CNS

6. Cough and expectoration/Hemoptysis
a. As described in Respiratory system
7. Fever
a. Onset/duration
b. Continuous/intermittent/remittent
c. Any evening rise
d. Subsides on medication/not
e. Chills/rigors
f. Associated headache/bodyache/sweating
8. Anorexia and weight loss
9. Recurrent respiratory tract infections
10. Failure to thrive
11. Cyanosis
a. Location ? Sclera/lips/tongue/tip of nose/ear lobule/
finger/toes
b. Onset
c. Lasted for
d. Relieved by
e. Any associated pain/paraesthesias
12. Clubbing
13. Hoarseness of voice
14. Edema
a. Onset
b. Progress
c. Extent
d. Any involvement of UL/Abdomen/Face/Sacral

e. Diurnal variation
f. Aggravated by/relieved by ? Posture/activity/meals
g. Painful/painless
h. Any associated redness/discharge
15. Hematuria/oliguria/anuria/dysuria/recurrent UTI
16. H/O Rheumatic Fever
a. Any joint pain/redness
b. Subcutaneous nodules
c. Involuntary movements

17. H/S/O Infective Endocarditis
a. Joint pain/Petechiae/Puprpurae/ecchymoses
b. Painful nodules over finger tips/Rash
c. Hges under nail beds/discoloration of digits
d. Prolonged fever/Pain abdo/Visual disturbance
e. Hematuria

18. Bowel disturbance
19. TIA/FND/Seizures
20. History s/o hpo/hyperthyroidism
a. Hypothyroidism
I. Tiredness/weakness/dry skin
ii. Cold intolerance/hair loss/memory loss
iii. Hoarseness of voice/Constipation
iv. Weight gain/Poor appetite
b. Hyperthyroidism
i. Heat intolerance/palpitations/fatigue
ii. Increased appetite/weight loss

iii. Tremor/restlessness/Hyperdefecation
iv. Loss of libido
21. CTD history
PAST HISTORY
1. DM/TB/HTN/Hansens/CAD/BA
2. Similar iliness in the past
3. RHD History
a. Joint pain/nodules/abnormal movt/rash
b. Recurrent sore throat/penicillin prophylaxis
c. Digoxin therapy
4. Blood transfusion/jaundice/Allergy
5. Childhood infections
PERSONAL HISTORY
1. Veg/Non veg/Well water drinking/food habits
2. Smoking/Tobacco/Alcohol/Substance abuse
3. Marriage/Children
4. High Risk behavior
MENSTRUAL HISTORY
1. Menarche/Cycles/Menopause
2. LMP/Post menopausal bleed
3. any surgery
FAMILY HISTORY
1. H/O similar illness in the family

2. Socioeconomic status/Poverty/overcrowded place
TREATMENT HISTORY
1. Penicillin prophylaxis/digoxin/diuretics
2. Surgery/intervention
SUMMARY at the end of history.
1.D/D 1, 2,3,4......
GENERAL EXAMINATION
1.
2.
ratio.
3.
? NG
10.
senilis
Conscious/oriented/cooperative/comfortably lying.........
Ht/Wt/BMI/Arm length/upper segment/lower segment/neck:ht
Pulse
Rate/rhythm/volume/character/peripheral pulses/R-R & R-F
Delay/pulse deficit/vessel wall/carotid bruit/shudder
.BP
mm Hg/Rt Arm supine/No significant postural fall
Hills sign ? UL and LL BP difference, Take all four limbs
RR ? rate/rhythm/type
P/IICIC/LIE
JVP ? Height/waveform/prominent wave/H-J reflex
Peripheral signs of AR/IE/RF
Marfanoid features/WHR
Xanthoma/xanthelasma/Pseudoxanthoma elasticum/arcus
11. Hypertelorism/low set ears/micrognathia/orange f.........
12. Telengiectasias/bronze discoloration/acanthoma nigricans
13. Features of hypo/hyper thyroidism
14. acromegaly/marfans features
15.
Angioma/cutaneous
angiomata/rash/petechiae/purpurae/ecchym.
16. Bed sores/genital ulcers

17. Peripheral stigmata of TB/HIV
18. Scars/sinuses/lupus perenio/erythema nodosum/lipemia retinalis
19. Spine ? K/S/KS
SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION
1. CVS
a. Inspection
i. Chest wall symmetry/deformity/Precordial bulge
ii. Apical Impulse ? site/no. of spaces visible
iii. Pulsation in precordium/epigastric/supraster./supracla.
iv. Scars/sinus/dilated veins
b. Palpation
i. Apical Impulse ? site/no. of spaces visible/character
ii. Palpable soundst/thrill in apical area
iii. Palpable soundsi/thrill in other areas
iv. Parasternal heave
v. Origin of epigastric pulsations (Ru....... )
c. Auscultation
i. S1
ii. S2 ? A2/P2/loudness/split
iii. S3/S4
iv. OS/Ejection click/tumor plop/valve click
v. Pericardial rub/knock
vi. Murmur (Described below...later)
2. RS
a. Chest wall symmetry
b. Trachea/resp movts/
c. Percussion
b. Air entry/Breath sounds/adventitious sounds/pleural rub

3. P/IA
a. Distended/all quadrants moves equally with the respiration

b. Soft/Non tender/organomegaly/free fluid/bowel sounds
c. Hernial sites/peripheral signs of liver failure
4. CNS
a. HMF/CN/Motor/Sensorycerebellar
b. EPS/ANS
Murmurs Description
1. Middiastolic Murmur
a. Low pitched/Rumbling/MDM
b. In Apex/with bell of stethoscope
c. With ptin left lateral position
d. Breath held in expiration
e. Assoc. with OS and presystolic accentuation
f. Duration of murmur
g. A2-0OS gap
h. Increased by mild exercise (few rapid sit ups)
2. PSM IN MR
a. Grade 3/6
b. PSM/Apex/diaphragm of stethoscope
c. radiating to axilla
d. Increased by hand grip
e. reduced during strain phase of valsalva.
3. Seaqull Murmur
a. In case of rupture of tendinae or primary involvement of
posterior mitral leaflet, a murmur mistaken as AS murmur,
radiating to base of heart.
b. Has a musical quality.
4, PSM in TR

a. Left parasternal region
b. Increased by leg raising
c. well heard during inspiration
d. Grade 3/6
5. AS Murmur
Grade 3/6
a.
b. Rough, rasping
c. ESM (MSM)
d. with diaphragm of stethoscope
e. In aortic area/with pt sitting up/leaning forward
f. Breath held in expiration
g. Radiating to carotids
h. Peaking of murmur/duration of murmur
j- Dynamic auscultation
6. Graham Steel Murmur
a. PAH leading to PR and murmur thereof.
b. High pitched
c. EDM with decrescendo blowing murmur
d. Along left sterna border
e. Increases on inspiration
f. Associated with loud P2
7. MVP Murmur
a. High pitched/systolic murmur
b. Crescendo-decrescendo murmur
c. Heard best in apex
d. Associated with mid or late non ejection click.
e. Click and murmur occurs earlier and is louder with
i. Standing
ii. Strain phase of valsalva
ii. Any intervention that decreases LV volume
f. Click and murmur is delayed and is decreased in intensity

i. Squatting
ii. Isometric exercise
ii. Any intervention which increases LV volume
8. AR Murmur
a. High pitched
b. EDM with blowing and decrescendo character
c. Best at 3" Lt ICS along sterna border
d. With diaphragm of stethoscope
e. Pt sitting up and leaning forward
f. Breath held in expiration
g. Loudness of murmur/duration of murmur
NOTE
a. Right sternal border heave ? aneurysmal dilatation of aortic

SUMMARY At the end of examination
DIAGNOSIS