Download NTRUHS (DR. N.T.R UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES) MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) 2nd Year Pathology Syllabus
(i) GOAL:
The broad goal of the teaching of under graduate student in Pathology is to provide the
students with a comprehensive knowledge of the mechanisms and cause of disease in
order to enable him/her to achieve complete understanding of the natural history and
clinical manifestations of disease.
(ii) OBJECTIVES:
(a) KNOWLEDGE:
At the end of the course, the student shal be able to:
(1) Describe the structure and ultra structure of a sick cell, mechanisms of cell
degeneration, cell death and repair and be able to correlate structural and
functional alterations.
(2) Explain the pathophysiological processes which govern the maintenance of
nomeos-as, mechanisms of their disturbance and the morphological and
curricual manifestations associated with it;
(3) Describe the mechanisms and patterns to tissue response to injury such that
he/she can appreciate the pathophysiology of disease process and their currical
manfestations;
(4) Correlate normal and altered morphology (gross and microscopic) of different
organ systems in common disease to the extent needed for understanding of
disease processes and their clinical significance.
(b) SKILLS:
At the end of the course, the student shall be able to:
(1) Describe the rationale and principles of technical procedures of the diagnostic
laboratory tests and interpretation of the results.
(2) Perform the simple bed-side tests on blood, urine and other biological fluid
sample.
(3) Draw a rational scheme of investigations aimed and diagnosing and managing
the cases of common disorders;
(4) Understand biochemical/physiological disturbances that occur as a result of
disease in col aboration with pre-clinical department.
(c) INTEGRATION:
At the end of training he/she shal be able to integrate the causes of disease and
relationship of different ethological factors (social, economic and environmental) that
contribute to the natural history of diseases most prevalent in India.
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PATHOLOGY SYLLABUS
i) Theory
Sl. No.
Name of the Unit
No. of Hours
GENERAL PATHOLOGY:
1.
Cellular injury & Cel ular death
3
2.
Cellular growth & differentiation
3
normal regulation and adaptation
3.
Inflammation & Repair
5
4.
Haemodynamic disorders, Thrombosis & shock
5
5.
Genetic Disorders:
3
Sex Chromatin, Turner's, Klinefelter's, Down's
6.
Diseases of Immunity including:
4
a) S. L. E. b) Amyloidosis
7.
Neoplasia
6
8.
Infectious diseases
5
a) Tuberculosis
b) Leprosy ? Integrated teaching
c) Syphilis
d) Typhoid
e) Amoebiasis
f) Rhino Sporidiosis
g) Madura Micosis
h) Aids ? Integrated teaching
9.
Vitamins and Nutritional Disorders
HAEMOTOLOGY:
1. Anemias
3
2. Bleeding disorders
2
3. Leukemias
2
4. Plasma cell disorders
1
5. Lymhnodes and spleen
3
SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY:
DISORDERS OF THE BLOOD VESSELS
4
a) Atherosclerosis b) Aneurysms C) Tumors
d) Hypertension ? Integrated teaching
CVS
4
1. Pericardial diseases
2. Ischaemic heart diseases
3. Rheumatic heart disease ? Integrated teaching
4. Infective endocarditi
5. Myocardial diseases
6. Congenital heart diseases
65
RESPIRATORY DISEASES
7
1. COPD
2. Pulmonary infections and Lung abscess
3. Pneumoconiosis
4. ARDS (Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome)
5. Tumors
6. Diseases of the Pleura
DISEASES OF THE G.I.T
11
1. Salivary Gland diseases
a) Tumors b) Inflammatory conditions
2. Disease of the oral cavity and Esophagus
3. Stomach
a) Gastritis b) Peptic Ulcers ? Integrated teaching
c) Tumors integrated teaching
4. Intestines
a) I.B.D b) Mal absorption syndromes c) Tumors
DISEASES OF THE LIVER AND BILIARY TACT
5
1. Cirrhosis
2. Hepatitis ? Integrated teaching
3. Tumors of Liver
4. Tumors of Gall bladder
5. Inflammatory diseases of Gall bladder
6. Gall stones
DISEASES OF PANCREAS
3
1. Pancreatitis 2. Tumors
3. Diabetes Mellitus ? Integrated teaching
KIDNEY & LOWER UNIVARY TRACT
7
1. Cystic conditions of Kidney
2. Glomerular diseases
3. Tubular diseases
4. Nephrotic Syndrome ? Integrated teaching
5. Pyelonephritis
6. Renal stones
7. Tumors of the Kidney
8. Inflammatory conditions and tumors of the bladder
MALE GENITAL TRACT
3
Inflammatory conditions & Neoplastic lesions involving
Penis, Testis & Prostate
FEMALE GENITAL TRACT
5
1. Cervicitis
2. Carcinoma cervix ? Integrated teaching
3. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
4. Ovarian tumors
5. Trophoblastic tumors
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DISEASES OF THE BREAST
3
Inflammatory conditions & Neoplasms
ENDOCRINE DISORDERS
6
1. Thyroid disorder
a) Hyper Thyroid b)Thyroiditis c)Goiters d) Tumors
2. Para-thyroid disorder
3. Pituitary gland disorders
4. Adrenal glands disorders
a) Disorders of hypertension b)Tumors and infections
DISORDERS OF THE SKIN
1
DISORDERS OF THE BONES, JOINTS & MUSCLES
4
DISORDERS OF THE CENTRAL & PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
a) Inflammatory b) neoplastic lesions
5
ii) TOPICS FOR INTEGRATED TEACHING:
1. Hypertention
2. Myocardial infarction
3. Peptic Ulcer
4. Diabetic mellitus
5. Nephrotic syndrome
6. Carcinoma cervix
7. Carcinoma stomach
8. Leprosy
9. Hepatitis
10. AIDS
iii) DIVISION OF SYLLABUS PAPERWISE:
PAPER I : General Pathology including Haematology
PAPER II : Systemic Pathology.
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BASIC GUIDELINES FOR PATHOLOGY PRACTICALS, GROUP DISCUSSIONS
INTEGRATED TEACHING, INTERNAL ASSESSMENT etc.,
Total Hours : 200
HAEMOTOLOGY
Topics
No. of Hours
1. Estimation of HB:
a) Demonstration
1
b) Conduction of Practicals with Basic standard
1
questionnaire & model disease charts for interpretation
2. RBC & WBC counts: a) Demonstration
1
b) Conduction of Practicals with Basic standard
1
questionnaire & model disease charts for interpretation
3. Hematocrit & ESR: a) Demonstration
1
b) Basic standard questionnaire & model disease charts 1
for Interpretation
4. Peripheral smear: a) Techniques of smear making &
1
staining with demonstration
b) Identification of cells - demonstration
1
c) Model disease charts for interpretation
1
d) Practicals:
i) Smears of Microcytic Hypochromic & Macrocytic
1
Anaemial & Haemolytic Anaemias
ii) Smears of CLL
1
Smears of CML
1
Smears of Acute lcukemia: AML or ALL
1
ii ) Eosinophilia
1
All the above with basic standard Questionnaire
5. Bleeding Time, Clotting Time & Platelet Demonstration
1
6. Reticulocyte count Demonstration with basic standard
1
Questionnaire
7. Bone marrow Examination
a) Methods of collection and demonstration
1
b) Study of normal marrow
1
c) Study of 2 abnormal bone marrows
1
8. Blood groups & related things
1
EXAMINATION OF URINE
1. Physical characters & different samples with pH & Sp gravity Demonstration
1
2. Chemistry of Urine with Albumin, Blood, Sugar, Ketone bodies, Bilesalts & pigments 1
Demonstration with discussion about errors in interpretation
3. Practical Tests for students:
a) Albumin + Blood Physical properties & Clinical correlation
1
b) Sugar + Ketone bodies Physical properties & Clinical correlation
1
a & b with case charts for interpretation
68
4. Microscopy:
a) Casts, crystals, RBC, Puscells Demonstration
1
b) Case charts for interpretation
1
5. Pregnancy Test: Demonstration, discussion of normal &
Molar pregnancies & Choriocarcinoma
1
EXAMINATION OF BODY FLUIDS
1. Demonstration of CSF, Plueral fluid, Ascitic fluid &
Sputum ? Normal Inflammation and malignancy
1
2. Exfoliative Cytology
:
a) Techniques
1
b) Demonstration of PAP, H & E of Cervical smears and Bronchial Wash
1
c) 3 disease samples with discussion & Clinical correlation
1
3. FNAC
a) Techniques Demonstration
1
b) inflammatory & Neoplastic cases for discussion & Interpretation
1
4. Sex Chromatin demonstration- Buccal smear interpretation
EXAMINATION OF AUTOPSY
Techniques of Autopsy and Autopsy demonstration & recording of 4 diseases
4
INSTRUMENTS
3
1. RBC & WBC pipettes & diluting fluids
2. Neubauer chamber & Others
3. PCV Tube
4. ESR Tube
5. Hb Meter
6. Urino meter
7. Esbach's albumino meter
8. L.P. Needle
9. Bone marrow aspiration needles (Salah and Klima)
10. Cuvette of an autoanalyser
GROSSING OF SPECIMENS
5 Practical demonstration classes for 5 groups ( min 30 specimens)
5 hours
INTEGRATE TEACHING
Topics as given by the University in the regulations of MBBS degree course
- 20 hrs
69
HISTOPATHOLOGY
Total Hours : 44
1. Histopathology Lab ? Practical demonstration of steps involved
1
2. Staining Techniques, H&E Special stains :
2
PAS, Vangieson, Sudan (Fat), Iron
3. Preparation of Requisition for Pathology Lab
Points to remember - fixatives
1
Clinical details Specific points regarding the lesion
4. Slides : Any 44 of the following with at least 16 from General Pathology 40 hours
General Pathology slides
1) Cloudy swel ing
11) Actinomycosis
2) Fatty change
12) Mycetoma
3) Hyaline change
13) Filarial Lymph node
4) Coagulation and caseous Necrosis
14) Leprosy
5) Cel s of Acute & Chronic inflammation
15) Squamous papilloma, adenoma
6) Granulation tissue
16) Lipoma, fibroma
7) CVC Lung & Liver
17 ) Capil ary & Cavernous angioma
8) Thrombus
18) Cel ular features of malignancy
9) Amyloidosis (Spleen)
19) Squamous cell Ca. & adeno Ca.
10) Rhinosporidiosis
20) Fibrosarcoma
70
Systemic Pathology slides
1. Blood Vessels & Heart
:
6. Lymphonodes
a. Atherosclerosis
a. Hodgkin's lymphoma
b. Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis
b. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
c. Hyaline arteriolsclerosis
c. TB Lymph node
d. TAO
e. Aschoff's body
7. Salivary glands:
f. Myocardial infarction
Pleomorphic adenoma
8. Liver
a. Cirrhosis
b. Hepatoma
2. Respiratorey system :
9. GIT
a. Emphysema
a. Chronic Gastric ulcer
b. Bronchiectasis
b. Carcinoma stomach & colon
c. Lobar & Bronchopneumonias
c. Carcinoid appendix
d. Pulmonary tuberculosis
e. Carcinoma Lung
3. Kidney
10.Testis & FGT
a. Chronic Glomerulonephritis
a. Seminoma
b. Chronic Pyelonephritis
b. Endomtrium Proliferative Secretory
c. Benign Nephrosclerosis
c. Leomyoma
d. Wilm's Tumor
d. Dermoid Cyst
e. Renal Cel carcinoma
e. Vesicular mole
4. Breast.
11 Skin
a. Fibroadenoma
a. Basal cell carcinoma
b. Duct cell carcinoma
b. Melanoma
5.Thyroid
12.Musculo Skeletal
a. Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
a. Osteomyelitis
b. Grave's disease
b. Osteo sarcoma
c. Follicular adenoma
c. Chondro sarcoma
d. Papillary Carcinoma
d. Giant cel tumor
e. Ewing's sarcoma
GROUP DISCUSSIONS
PRACTICAL - ORIENTED & THEORY- ORIENTED
-78 Hours
(with standard basic questionnaire) (14+64)
Topics:
7 x 2 : 14
a) Collection of blood, methods & anticoagulants
b) Anaemias
c) Haemorrhagic disorders
d) Leukemias & Lymphomas
e) Blood groups & Transfusion reactions
f) Urine changes _ Physical & Chemical Characters with clinical correlation
Discussion of Jaundice
71
g) Body fluids sampling ( collection ) preservation Techniques , variability in
disease
h) Topics of certain common disorders in general
- 64 Hours
and systemic pathology in the form of questionnaire and
Group discussion - 32 topics excluding topics covered
in integrated teaching.
i) HIV
Each topic not more than 2 Hours.
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT
- 12 hours
a. Three(3) Theory examinations of 2 hours each
b. One (1) Practical examination in divided batches together 6 hours.
NUMBER OF CLASSES (HOURS)
1.
Theory
:
113
2.
Practicals
:
77
(Haematology-20, Urine-7, Fluids-6,Histopathology-44)
3.
Instruments
:
3
4.
Grossing of specimens
:
5
5.
Group discussion (Practical & Theory Oriented topics) :
78
6.
Autopsy
:
4
7.
Integrated Teaching
:
20
TOTAL
:
300 Hours
BOOKS RECOMMENDED :
1. Robbins Text Book of Pathology. *
2. Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease by cotran, Kumar of Robbins-- 6th / latest
3. Muiri's text book of Pathology edited by J.R. Anderson
4. Text book of Pathology edited by Nagalothinath, K.P. Deodher & V.H. Talib
5. Text book of Pathology by Harsh Mohan 3rd edition / latested.
6. A Text book of Pathology by N.c. Dey & T.K. Dey
REFERENCE BOOKS :
1. Boyd Text Book of Pathology ? 2 vols. *
2. Anderson's Pathology Vol I & II 10th ed
3. Oxford text book of Pathology Vol I Vol II a 7 lib
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This post was last modified on 28 June 2021