Download MUHS MBBS MUHS MBBS Old Syllabus MBBS 2nd Year Syllabus

Introduction of "Communication Skills, Professionalism & Ethics in Medical
Education Modules" in 2nd Year MBBS Syllabus
New Topic in Syllabus of Pathology (A.Y. 2015-16 )
Curricula for II M.B.B.S.
Pathology

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1. Goal
The goal of teaching pathology is to provide undergraduate students comprehensive
knowledge of the causes and mechanisms of disease, in order to enable them to
achieve complete understanding of the natural history and clinical manifestations of
the disease.

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2. Educational objectives
(a) Knowledge
At the end of one and half years, the student shall be able to -
i. describe the structure and ultrastructure of a sick cell, the mechanisms of the cell
degradation, cell death and repair.

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ii. Correlate structural and functional alterations in the sick cell.
iii. Explain the Patho physiological processes which governs the maintenance of
homeostasis, mechanism of their disturbances and the morphological
and clinical manifestation associated with it.
iv. describe the mechanisms and patterns of tissue response to injury to appreciate the

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Pathophysiology of disease processes and their clinical manifestations.
v. Correlate the gross and microscopic alterations of different organ systems in
common diseases to the extent needed to understand disease processes and their
clinical significance.
vi. Develop an understanding of neoplastic change in the body in order to appreciate

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need for early diagnosis and further management of neoplasia.
vii. Understand mechanisms of common haematological disorders and develop a
logical approach in their diagnosis and management.
(b) Skills
At the end of one and half years, the student shall be able to -

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i. Describe the rationale and principles of technical procedures of diagnostic
laboratory tests.
ii. Interpret diagnostic laboratory tests and correlate with clinical and morphological
features of diseases.
iii. Perform simple bedside tests on blood, urine and other biological fluid samples.

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iv. Draw a rational scheme of investigations aimed at diagnosing and managing
common disorders.
v. Recognise morbid anatomical and histopathological changes for the diagnosis of
common disorder.

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(c) Integration

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At the end of one and half years, the student shall be able to integrate the
causes and mechanisms of disease most prevalent in India with their natural history
for the understanding of their clinical course and management.
3. Total duration of teaching
3 Semesters (III, IV and V)

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Minimum 315
working days.
Total number of teaching hours allotted to the discipline
300 hrs
Distribution of teaching hours

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A) Theory (lectures &
.....101
tutorials)
..... 58
Total

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.....159
B) Practicals
.....110
C) Revision & Evaluation (Internal)
......31

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4. Syllabus
a. Learning methods
Distribution of teaching hours
DIVISIONS
A) LECTURES

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B) TUTORIALS
C)
PRACTICALS
(1 hr)
(2 hrs)

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(2 1/2 hrs)
1. General Pathology
35
07
12

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2. Haematology
15
04
07
3. Systemic Pathology

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47
13
18
4. Clinical Pathology
03

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04
05
5. Autopsy
01
01

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02
------
--------
-------
TOTAL

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101
29x2
44x2.5
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-------

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-------
b. & c. Sequential organization of course contents
The Broad area of study shall be:-
General Pathology (including general neoplasia)
Systemic Pathology (including systemic neoplasia)

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Haematology
Clinical Pathology

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A) GENERAL PATHOLOGY : (n=35)
1. Definitions and causes of diseases:-
Must know:- Able to recall common definitions in Pathology and causes of

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cell injury.
2. Modes of cell injury:-
Must know:- Able to appreciate mechanisms of cell injury & relate them to
the morphological changes.
3. Necrosis & gangrene:-

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Must know:- Able to recognize types of necrosis and gangrene at gross and
microscopic levels.
Desirable to know:- Apoptosis and its relevance.
4. Intracellular accumulations and alterations:-
Must know:- Able to list the types of intracellular accumulations & alterations

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in reversible cell injury along with alterations in cell organelles and
cytoskeleton.
5. Cellular Adaptations/ Growth disturbances:-
Must know:- Define the various growth disturbances and appreciate the
clinical significance of each.

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6. Acute inflammation:-
Must know:- Define and describe changes occurring in acute inflammation
and integrate the changes with morphological patterns of injury.
7. Chemical mediators of Inflammation:-
Must know:- Definition, Classification, description of each type, role of acute

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chronic inflammation.
8. Chronic inflammation (including granulomatous):-
Must know:- differentiate it from acute inflammation, describe aetiology,
patterns and systemic effects of granulomas.
9. Regeneration and repair (general):-

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Must know:- Define & describe regeneration and repair and understand the
mechanisms and list factors modifying repair.
10. Repair in specialized tissues:-
Must know:- Describe repair in fractures and parenchymal organs and list
modifying factors and complications.

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11. Oedema:-
Must know:- Define oedema, classify and describe pathogenesis & correlate
morphology with clinical significance with emphasis on transudate and
exudate.

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12. Shock:-

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Must know:- Define, classify and understand pathogenesis, recognize the of
mediators and stages of shock.
13. Thrombosis:-
Must know:- Describe etio-pathogenesis, fate, morphology and effects of
thrombosis.

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14. Embolism and Infarction:-
Must know:- Enumerate types of embolism and infarction, recognize
morphological changes and correlate clinical significance.
15. Hyperaemia and Haemorrhage:-
Must know:- Definitions, morphology of acute and chronic congestions,

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clinical significance of haemorrhage.
16. Disturbances of pigment metabolism:-
Must know:- State the type of pigment disturbances and describe the changes
associated with common disturbances like lipofuscin, melanin, Hemosiderin
and Bilirubin.

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17. Disturbances of Mineral metabolism:-
Must know:- Describe the types and morphological changes of calcification.
Desirable to know:- Disturbances of other minerals like zinc etc.
18. Genetic disorders:-
Must know:- Normal karyotype, classification of genetic disorders, types of

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genetic change, Down's syndrome, Klinefelter's syndrome, Turner's syndrome
Desirable to know:- Lysosomal storage disorders, glycogen storage diseases,
methods of disease diagnosis.
19. Hypersensitivity reactions:-
Must know:- Classify, differentiate between different types of

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Hypersensitivity reactions.
Desirable to know:- Be conversant with transplant rejections.
20. Autoimmune diseases:-
Must know:- Understand mechanisms of autoimmunity and diagnose common
autoimmune diseases; overview of SLE.

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21. Amyloidosis:-
Must know:- Definition, physical characters, chemical characters,
classification, pathogenesis morphology, clinical correlation and lab diagnosis.
22. AIDS:-
Must know:- Understand the natural history of the disease and recommend

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relevant investigations in the management.

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23. Typhoid fever:-
Must know:- Correlate Pathogenesis with morphology and clinical features of
the disease.
24. Syphilis:-

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Must know:- Classify and describe lesions in various stages of syphilis
25,26,27 (3 lectures) Tuberculosis:-
Must know:- Appreciate the importance of tuberculosis in the present day
Context, its Pathogenesis & basic histopathology. List and describe the
various pulmonary lesions of tuberculosis. Describe changes in various

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organs in TB and understand their functional correlation, sequelae, lab
diagnosis and TB in AIDS.
28. Leprosy:-
Must know:- Classify, differentiate between different types of leprosy and
describe the diagnostic histologic features and sequelae.

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29. Fungal diseases:-
Desirable to know:- Classification and be conversant with relevance of
fungal diseases in the world with emphasis on opportunistic fungal infections.
30. Malaria:-
Must know:- Identify, morphological features in vivax and falciparum malaria

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and recommend lab investigations in the management.
31 & 32. Neoplasia - Nomenclature and classification:-
Must know:- Define important terms, classify and differentiate benign from
malignant neoplasms.
Desirable to know: Precancerous conditions

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33. Neoplasia - Carcinogenesis:-
Must know:- Understand carcinogenesis and analyse the mechanism of
genetic changes in carcinogenesis.
34. Neoplasia - Biology and Lab diagnosis:-
Must know:- Understand the tumour host interactions in neoplasia and

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recommend the diagnostic workup for detection of cancer.
35. Neoplasia - Spread, grading and staging:-
Must know:- Biology of tumour growth, metastases, types, mechanisms,
clinical correlations, grading of cancer and staging of cancer.

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B) HAEMATOLOGY : (n=15)

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1. Introduction to haematology and hemopoiesis:-
Must know:- Understand the importance of haematology in clinical practice
and enumerate the stages of hemopoiesis.
2. Anaemias (general):-
Must know:- Definition, classify anaemia by various methods, clinical

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features and lab approach to anaemias.
3. Iron deficiency anaemia:-
Must know:- Definition, causes, haematological features, morbid anatomical
features, laboratory diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
4. Megaloblastic anaemia:-

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Must know:- Definition, causes, haematological features, morbid anatomical
features, laboratory diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
5. Haemolytic anaemia:-
Must know:- Definition, classification, Pathogenesis and haematological
features.

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6. Haemoglobinopathies:-
Must know:- Definition, classification, Lab diagnosis of Thalassaemia and
Sickle cell anaemia.
7&8. Haemorrhagic disorders:-
Must know:- Classify haemorrhagic disorders, describe clinical distinction

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between Purpuras and Coagulation disorders and laboratory screening tests for
haemorrhagic disorders. Normal coagulation and fibrinolytic mechanism.
Describe etio-pathogenesis, clinical significance and lab diagnosis of
haemophilia and DIC.Describe etio-pathogenesis, morphological features
(haematological and morbid anatomical) clinical significance and lab

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diagnosis of ITP.
9. Leukocytic disorders:-
Must know:- Leukocytosis, Leukopenia and Leukemoid reactions.
10. Acute Leukaemias:-
Must know:- Classify and differentiate different types of acute Leukaemias.

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11. Chronic Leukaemias:-
Must know:- Definition, general features, classification, aetiology,
haematological change, morbid anatomy, clinical course and lab.
investigations.
12. Paraproteinemia:-

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Desirable to know:- Understand the relevance of paraproteinemias and
integrate the various diagnostic modalities with the diagnosis.

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13. Aplastic Anaemias:-
Desirable to know:- Aplastic anaemias and Agranulocytosis.
14. Blood groups:-

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Must know:- Appreciate the relevance of blood groups in haematology and
transfusion medicine. Erythroblastosis foetalis
15. Blood Transfusion:-
Must know:- Indications, selection of blood donors, autologous transfusions,
complications of blood transfusions, investigation of suspected transfusion

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reactions.
C) SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY : (n=46)
1. Atherosclerosis:-
Must know:- Definition, etiopathogenesis, gross and microscopic description,
complications and clinical correlation.

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2. Hypertension:-
Must know:- Relate the mechanisms of the disease to the clinical course and
sequelae.
3. Other diseases of blood vessels:-
Must know:- Develop an index of suspicion for vasculitides and aneurysms.

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4. Ischaemic heart disease:-
Must know:- Incidence, risk factors, Pathogenesis, morphological changes,
clinical course, complications and investigations.
5. Congenital heart disease:-
Desirable to know:- Correlate the anatomical malformations of disorders to

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the clinical consequences of the disease.
6. Rheumatic heart disease:-
Must know:- Incidence, etiopathogenesis, morbid anatomy, histopathology,
lesions in the organs, clinical course and sequelae.
7. Endocardial and pericardial diseases:-

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Must know:- Infective endocarditis - Pathogenesis, morphology, differential
diagnosis of cardiac vegetations, aetiology and basic morphology of different
forms of pericarditis.
8. Cardiomyopathies:-
Desirable to know:- Recognize the disorders as part of differential diagnosis

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in primary myocardial diseases.
9. Pneumonias:-
Must know:- Aetiology, classification, gross, histopathological description in
different forms and complications.

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10. Lung Abscess and Bronchiectasis:-

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Must know:- Etiopathogenesis, morphological appearances and complications.
11. Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema:-
Must know:- Pathogenesis, types of emphysema, definition of chronic
bronchitis, morbid anatomy and cardiac sequelae.
12. Occupational lung diseases:-

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Must know:- Types, etiopathogenesis, gross anatomical differences between
different forms and sequelae.
13. Tumours of lung and pleura:-
Must know:- Classification, aetiology, gross appearances, histological
description of important forms, natural history, pattern of spread, Para

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neoplastic syndromes and secondary Pathology.
14. Lesions of oral cavity and salivary glands:-
Must know:- Differential diagnosis of swelling of salivary glands, oral cancer
- etiopathogenesis, gross and histopathological descriptions.
15. Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer:-

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Must know:- Definition of peptic ulcer, etiological factors, gross and
microscopic appearances and sequelae.
Desirable to know:- Overview of aetiology and types of gastritis.
16. Ulcers of Intestines:-
Must know:- Etiological classifications, Morphological appearances of

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typhoid, tubercular, amoebic ulcers and bacillary dysentery. Differential
diagnosis of different forms of ulcers.
17. Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel disease:-
Must know:- Enumerate similarities and differences between the two
component disorders viz., Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

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18. Tumours of upper GIT:-
Must know:- Etiopathogenesis, morphological features of carcinoma
oesophagus, classification and morbid anatomy and histopathology of gastric
carcinomas.
Desirable to know:- Overview of carcinoid tumours of GIT.

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19. Tumours of lower GIT:-
Must know:- Pathology of carcinoma colon.
Desirable to know:- Intestinal polyps & GI stromal tumours.
20. Viral Hepatitis:-
Must know:- Aetiology, clinical source and enzymology, salient histological

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features and sequelae.

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21. Alcoholic liver disease:-
Must know:- Pathogenesis, morphological manifestations and correlation with
clinical features.
22. Cirrhosis:-

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Must know:- Etiopathogenesis, classification, important histological features
and differential diagnosis.
23. Tumours of liver, Pancreas and gall bladder:-
Must know:- Pathology of Hepatocellular carcinoma.
Desirable to know:- Pathology of tumours of Pancreas and gall bladder.

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24. Diabetes mellitus:-
Must know:- Classification, pathogenesis of system involvement, sequelae
and complications.
25. Acute nephritis and rapidly progressive GN:-
Must know:- Understand and integrate clinical and pathologic features of

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these syndromes.
26. Nephrotic syndrome:-
Must know:- Integrate clinical and pathological features of this disorder.
27. Renal failure:-
Must know:- Definitions, criteria, aetiology, systemic manifestations and

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investigations.
28. Pyelonephritis and interstitial Nephritis:-
Must know:- Aetiology, Pathogenesis of Pyelonephritis acute and chronic
morphological features and clinical correlation.
29. Tumours of kidney and Pelvis:-

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Must know:- Classification, Morphological features, clinical course including
Para neoplastic syndromes of common tumours.
30. Tumours of testis and Prostate:-
Must know:- Classification, salient morphological features of most common
tumours and clinical course.

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31. Tumours of Cervix and Uterus:-
Must know:- Etiopathogenesis, salient morphological features, dysplasia and
role of cytological screening.
32. Tumours of Ovary and trophoblastic tissue:-
Desirable to know:- Classification and morphological description of important

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types.
33. Non-neoplastic and Neoplastic lesions of the breast:-
Must know:- Classification, morphological features and grading of carcinoma
breast and differential diagnosis of breast swellings.

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34. Non-neoplastic lesions of lymph nodes and Spleen:-

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Must know:- Aetiology, differential diagnosis, morphological features of
common causes of lymphadenopathy, common causes and appearances of
splenomegaly.
35. Hodgkin's Lymphoma:-
Must know:- Definition, classification, salient diagnostic features and clinical

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course.
36. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma:-
Must know:- Definition, classification, salient diagnostic features and clinical
Correlation.
Desirable to know:- Extra nodal lymphomas.

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37. Tumours of skin - Non-pigmented:-
Must know:- Classification, morphological features of most common types
and natural history.
38. Tumours of skin - Pigmented:-
Must know:- Classification, morphological features of common naevi, natural

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history of malignant melanoma.
39 &40. Soft tissue tumours :-
Must know:- Classification, morphological features of lipomatous, fibrous and
blood vessel tumours. Morphological features of neural, muscle and fibro
histiocytic tumours.

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41. Non-neoplastic lesions of bone and joints:-
Must know:- Etiopathogenesis and morphological changes of common
arthritis and osteomyelitis.
42 & 43. Tumours of bone, cartilage and joints:-
Must know:- Classification, radiological and pathological features of

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important bone tumours (Osteosarcoma, Osteochondroma, GCT and Ewing's
sarcoma).
44. Inflammatory and neoplastic conditions of CNS:-
Must know:- Morphological features and differential diagnosis of meningitis.
Desirable to know:- Classification, morphological features of important CNS

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tumours, clinical course and sequelae (Meningioma and Gliomas).
45. Lesions of Thyroid:-
Must know:- Differential diagnosis of thyroid nodule.
46. Myopathies:-
Desirable to know:- Differential diagnosis of common muscle disorders.

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D) CLINICAL PATHOLOGY : (n=3)
1. Differential diagnosis of Jaundice:-
Must know:- The differential diagnosis and laboratory investigations in
jaundice
2. Renal function tests:-

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Must know:- Laboratory approach to a case of renal dysfunction
1. Diabetes mellitus:-
Must know:- Laboratory diagnosis of Diabetes mellitus
E) AUTOPSY : (n=1)
Must know:- Indications and techniques of medical autopsies

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Tutorials
GENERAL PATHOLOGY:
1. Cell injury and cell death
2. Cellular accumulations
3. Inflammation and repair

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4. Circulatory disturbances
5. Immunological disorders
6. Infections
7. Neoplasia
HAEMATOLOGY:

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1. Anaemias
2. Leukaemias
3. Interpretation of haematological case charts and identification of instruments
4. Haemorrhagic disorders
SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY:

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1. Atherosclerosis and IHD
2. Rheumatic heart disease
3. Pneumonias
4. Tumours of lung
5. Oral cancer

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6. Peptic Ulcer
7. Cirrhosis
8. Glomerulonephritis
9. Carcinoma Breast
10. Carcinoma Cervix

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11. Bone Tumours
12. Museum specimens
13. Museum specimens

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CLINICAL PATHOLOGY:
1. Glucose Tolerance Test

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2. Renal Function Tests
3. Differential Diagnosis of Meningitis
4. Identification of needles and instruments used in clinical pathology
AUTOPSY:
CPC of common diseases like 1. Tuberculosis 2. Myocardial infarction 3.

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Carcinoma/sarcoma 4. Hypertension by students (2 or 3)
d. Term-wise distribution
1st term: 1. General Pathology 2. General Neoplasia 3. Haematology & Transfusion
Medicine
2nd term: 1. Systemic Pathology 2. Systemic Neoplasia 3. Clinical Pathology

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3rd term: Tutorials & Revision.
e. Practicals: Total hours, number & contents
Total hours : 110
Number : 44
Contents :

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A) GENERAL PATHOLOGY: (n=12)
1. Microscopy and tissue processing
2. Identify the common types of cells by light microscopy
3. Intracellular accumulation
4. Acute inflammation

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5. Chronic inflammation and Repair
6. Thrombosis, embolism, infarction and gangrene
7. Oedema and congestion
8. Disturbances of pigment metabolism
9. Tuberculosis

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10. Leprosy
11. Amyloidosis
12. Disturbances of growth (Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia,
Dysplasia, hypoplasia)
B) HAEMATOLOGY: (n=7)

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1. Collection of specimen, anticoagulants and common haematological tests (Hb)
2. Common Haematological Counts (TLC, DLC) & Interpretation of ESR
3. Haemopoiesis
4. Investigations in Anaemia
5. Investigations in Leukaemia

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6. Investigations in haemorrhagic disorders
7. Blood Banking

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C) SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY: (n=18)
1. Diseases of blood vessels (Atherosclerosis, syphilitic aortitis)
2. Diseases of Heart (IHD & RHD)

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3. Pneumonias
4. Tumours of lung
5. Diseases of kidney
6. Gross and Microscopic features of peptic ulcer and duodenal ulcer
7. Gross and Microscopic features of other intestinal ulcers

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8. Tumours of GIT
9. Diseases of Liver
10. Lymphomas
11. Diseases of male and female genital system
12 &13. Tumours of breast

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14. Tumours of skin (Pigmented)
15. Tumours of skin (non-pigmented)
16. Soft tissue tumours
17. Tumours of bone
18. Diseases of thyroid

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D) CLINICAL PATHOLOGY: (n=5)
1. Urine RE - Carryout a bedside routine urine examination and interpret the results.
2. Pregnancy test and Semen Analysis - (Practical demonstration).
3. Common cytological preparations (lecture demonstration).
4. CSF examination.

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5. Serous effusion examination.
E) AUTOPSY: (n=2)
1 & 2) To study and describe five autopsy reports.
For the batches joining in June 2001 and later
List of Slides and Specimens that should be shown during the Pathology Practical

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Classes
These are grouped under two headings: The students
1) must see (M)
2) desirable to see (D)
Please note that this will be applicable for the batch which will be joining

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Pathology term in June / July 2001 and later.
DRAWING SLIDES:

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HISTOPATHOLOGY:
1. Kidney cloudy change (M)
2. Fatty change liver (M)

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3. Uterus - leiomyoma with hyaline change (M)
4. Kidney - amyloid (M)
5. Lymph node - caseous necrosis (M)
6. Kidney - infarct (Coagulation necrosis) (M)
7. Acute ulcerative appendicitis (M)

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8. Pyogenic meningitis (M)
9. Lepromatous leprosy - skin (M)
10. Tuberculoid leprosy - skin (M)
11. Actinomycosis (M)
12. Granulation tissue (M)

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13. Ileum - typhoid ulcer (M)
14. Tuberculous lymphadenitis (M)
15. Amoebic colitis (M)
16. Lung - haemosiderin pigment or CPC (M)
17. Liver - CPC (M)

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18. Artery - recent / organised thrombus (M)
19. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (D)
20. Skin - papilloma (M)
21. Squamous cell carcinoma (M)
22. Adenocarcinoma - Colon (M)

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23. Lymph node - metastasis (M)
24. Skin - capillary haemangioma (M)
25. Cavernous haemangioma (M)
26. Benign cystic teratoma (Dermoid cyst) (M)
27. Stomach - chronic peptic ulcer (M)

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28. Liver - Viral hepatitis (Massive/ sub-massive necrosis) (D)
29. Liver- portal and biliary cirrhosis (M)
30. Lung - lobar and broncho pneumonia (M)
31. Lung - fibrocaseous tuberculosis (M)
32. Heart - rheumatic myocarditis (D)

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33. Heart - healed infarct (M)
34. Aorta - atherosclerosis (M)
35. Kidney - crescentic glomerulonephritis (M)
36. Kidney - chronic glomerulonephritis (M)
37. Kidney - chronic pyelonephritis (M)

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38. Kidney - RCC (D)
39. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (M)
40. Testis - seminoma (M)
41. Uterus - leiomyoma (M)
42. Products of conception (M)

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43. Hodgkin's lymphoma (M)
44. Brain - tuberculous meningitis (M)
45. Brain - meningioma (D)
46. Bone - osteogenic sarcoma (M)
47. Bone - chondroma (M)

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48. Bone - osteoclastoma (M)

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49. Skin - melanoma and nevus (M)
50. Breast - fibroadenoma (M)
51. Breast - carcinoma (M)
52. Thyroid - colloid goitre (D)

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53. Thyroid - papillary carcinoma (D)
54. Skin - basal cell carcinoma (M)
HAEMATOLOGY:
1. Acute blast cell leukaemia (M)
2. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (M)

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3. Eosinophilia (M)
4. Iron deficiency anaemia (M)
5. Haemolytic anaemia (M)
6. Macrocytic anaemia (M)
7. Leucocytosis (M)

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8. Various biochemical charts - LFT , GTT , CSF, etc (M)
LIST OF SPECIMEN:
1. Cell injury and adaptation (Degeneration)
a) Liver - fatty change (M)
b) Kidney - cloudy change (M)

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c) Aorta - atheroma (M)
d) Atheroma with calcification (D)
e) Kidney stones (M)
2. Amyloidosis
a) Kidney - amyloidosis (M)

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b) Spleen - amyloidosis (M)
3. Necrosis and Gangrene
a) Kidney - infarct (M)
b) Spleen - infarct (M)
c) Intestine - gangrene (M)

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d) Foot - gangrene (M)
e) Lymph node - caseation (M)
4. Acute inflammation
a). Lobar pneumonia (M)
b) Kidney - abscess (D)

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c) Liver - abscess (D)
d) Mycetoma - foot (D)
e) Acute appendicitis (M)
f) Purulent meningitis (M)
g) Fibrinous pericarditis (M)

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5. Chronic inflammation
a) Syphilitic aortitis (D)
6. Repair
a) Heart - healed infarct (M)
7. Specific inflammation

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a) Ileum - typhoid (M)
b) Amoebic colitis (M)
c) Amoebic liver abscess (M)
8. Chronic specific granulomatous inflammation
a) Intestine - TB ulcer (M)

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b) Brain - TB meningitis (M)
c) Lymph node - TB (M)
d) Lung - miliary TB (M)
e) Fibrocaseous TB (M)
9. Pigment disorders

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a). Liver and spleen - Prussian blue reaction (D)
b). Liver and spleen - malaria (M)
c). Skin - melanoma (any site) (M)
10. Disorders of vascular flow and shock
a). Liver - CPC (M)

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b). Lung - CPC (M)
11. Thrombosis embolism and infarction
a) Thrombus - artery / vein (M)
b) Infarction - kidney / spleen / brain (M)
c) Intestine gangrene (M)

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12. Immunopathology
a) Heart - Rheumatic carditis (M)
b) Kidney - acute glomerulo nephritis (M)
c) Thyroid - Hashimoto's thyroiditis (D)
13. Growth disorders

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a) Heart - LVH (M)
b) Kidney - atrophy and compensatory hypertrophy (M)

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c) Kidney - Hydronephrosis (M)
14. Neoplasm
a) Papilloma skin (M)

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b) Adenomatous polyp (M)
c) Fibroadenoma - breast (M)
d) Squamous cell carcinoma - skin (M)
e) Adenocarcinoma - colon (M)
f) Metastasis - lung (M)

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g) Leiomyoma - uterus (M)
h) Soft tissue - lipoma (M)
j) Haemangioma - any site / type (M)
k) Melanoma (M)
l) Dermoid cyst (M)

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m) Teratoma (M)
15. Alimentary System
a) Oesophagus carcinoma (M)
b) Stomach - chronic peptic ulcer (M)
c) Perforated peptic ulcer (M)

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d) Stomach - carcinoma (linitis plastica) (M)
e) Intestine - TB ulcer (M)
f) Colon - Amoebic colitis / bacillary colitis / carcinoma ulcerative /
carcinoma
polypoidal growth (M)

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16. Liver
a) Acute diffuse necrosis (D)
b) Amoebic abscess (M)
c) Micronodular / macronodular / mixed cirrhosis (M)
d) Hepatoma (M)

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e) Metastasis (M)
17. Respiratory system
a) Lung - lobar / bronchopneumonia (M)
b) Bronchogenic carcinoma (M)
c) Lung - abscess (D)

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d) Fibrocaseous TB (M)

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18. Cardiovascular System
a). Rheumatic endocarditis (D)
b) Fibrinous pericarditis (M)
c) Mitral stenosis (M)

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d) Aortic stenosis (M)
e) Bacterial endocarditis (M)
f) Recent myocardial infarct (D)
g) Healed myocardial infarct (M)
h) Atheroma aorta (M)

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j) Atheroma with complications (M)
19. Urinary System
a) Flea bitten kidney (M)
b) Large white kidney (M)
c) Shrunken granular kidney (M)

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d) Acute pyelonephritis (M)
e) RCC (D)
f) Wilm's tumour (D)
g) Papillary carcinoma - Urinary bladder (D)
20. Male Reproductive System

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a) SCC - penis (M)
b) Seminoma - testis (M)
c) Teratoma - testis (M)
d) Benign prostatic hyperplasia (M)
21. Female Reproductive System

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a) Uterus - leiomyoma (M)
b) Carcinoma cervix (D)
c) Ovary - cyst adenocarcinoma (D)
d) Ovary - dermoid cyst (D)
21. Lymphoreticular System

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a) Lymph node - TB Lymphadenitis (M)
b) Lymph node - lymphoma (M)
c) Spleen - infarct (M)
22. Central Nervous System
a) Brain - purulent meningitis (M)

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b) Brain - tuberculous meningitis (M)
c) Tuberculoma (D)
d) Meningioma (D)
e) Glioma (D)
f) Haemorrhage - CVA (D)

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23. Bone lesions
a) Chronic osteomyelitis (D)
b) Osteoclastoma (M)
c) Osteogenic sarcoma (M)
d) Multiple myeloma (D)

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24. Skin lesions
a) Squamous cell carcinoma (M)
b) Basal cell carcinoma (D)
c) Melanoma - skin (any site) (M)
25. Diseases of Endocrine organs

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a) Breast - fibroadenoma (M)
b) Breast - carcinoma (M)
c) Thyroid - multinodular goitre (M)
d) Thyroid - solitary nodule / adenoma (M)
f. Books recommended:

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a) Text book of Pathology by Robbins
b) Text book of General Pathology Part I & II by Bhende and Deodhare
c) Clinical Pathology by Talib
d) Text book of Pathology by Harsh Mohan
e) Text book of Pathology by Muir

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f) Haematology De Gruchi
g) IAPM text book of Pathology
Reference books:
a) Anderson's text book of Pathology Vol I & II
b) Oxford text book of Pathology Vol. I, II & III

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c) Pathology by Rubin and Farber
d) Pathologic basis of Disease Robbins
5. Evaluation
Methods
Theory, Practicals and Viva

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Pattern of Theory Examination including Distribution of Marks, Questions,
Time.

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Nature of Question Paper
Faculty with
: SECOND MBBS

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Year
Subject
: PATHOLOGY
Paper
: I

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Total Marks
: 40
Time : 2 Hours
Section "A" (8 Marks)
Instructions:-

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1) Fill (dark) the appropriate empty circle below the question number once only..
2) Use blue/black ball point pen only.
3) Each question carries one / half mark.
4) Students will not be allotted mark if he/she overwrites strikes or put white ink on the cross
once marked.

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5) Do not write anything on the blank portion of the question paper. If written anything, such type of
act will be considered as an attempt to resort to unfair means.
Section "A" : MCQ (8 marks)
Question No.
Question Description

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Division of Marks
Total Marks
1.
Total MCQs : 16
16 X ?

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08
Section "B" & "C" (32 Marks)
Instructions:-
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) The number to the right indicates full marks.

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3) Draw diagrams wherever necessary.
4) Answer each section in the respective answerbook only. Answers written in the inappropriate
sectional answer books will not be assessed in any case.
5) Do not write anything on the blank portion of the question paper. If written anything, such type of act
will be considered as an attempt to resort to unfair means.

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Section "B" : BAQ (20
Marks)
Question No.
Question Description
Division of Marks Total Marks

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2.
Brief answer questions
5 X 4
20
(Attempt any five out of six)

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a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

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f)
Section "C" : LAQ (12
Marks)

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Question No.

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Question Description
Division of Marks Total Marks
3.
Attempt any two out of three:
2 X 6

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12
Long answer question only
a)
b)
c)

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Faculty with Year
: SECOND MBBS
Subject
: PATHOLOGY
Paper

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: II
Total Marks
: 40
Time : 2 Hours
Section "A" (8 Marks)

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Instructions:-
1) Fill (dark) the appropriate empty circle below the question number once only..
2) Use blue/black ball point pen only.
3) Each question carries one / half mark.
4) Students will not be allotted mark if he/she overwrites strikes or put white ink on the cross

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once marked.
5) Do not write anything on the blank portion of the question paper. If written anything, such type of
act will be considered as an attempt to resort to unfair means.
Section "A" : MCQ (8 marks)
Question No.

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Question Description
Division of Marks
Total Marks
1.
Total MCQs : 16

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16 X ?
08
Section "B" & "C" (32 Marks)

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Instructions:-

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1) All questions are compulsory.
2) The number to the right indicates full marks.
3) Draw diagrams wherever necessary.
4) Answer each section in the respective answerbook only. Answers written in the inappropriate
sectional answer books will not be assessed in any case.

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5) Do not write anything on the blank portion of the question paper. If written anything, such type of act
will be considered as an attempt to resort to unfair means.
Section "B" : BAQ (20 Marks)
Question No.
Question Description

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Division of Marks Total Marks
2.
Brief answer questions
5 X 4
20

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(Attempt any five out of six)
a)
b)
c)
d)

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e)
f)
Section "C" : LAQ (12
Marks)
Question No.

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Question Description
Division of Marks
Total Marks
3.
Attempt any two out of three:

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2 X 6
12
Long answer question only
a)
b)

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c)

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Direction:- Only short answer questions may be permitted from the portions
marked as "Desirable to know"
c. Paper wise distribution of theory topics and number of questions:-
A)

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Paper I:- General Pathology inclusive of general neoplasia
Haematology inclusive of transfusion medicine.
Out of 3 LAQs in Section C, 2 questions should be from General Pathology and
General Neoplasia and one question should be from Haematology inclusive of
transfusion medicine.

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B)
Paper II:- Systemic Pathology inclusive of systemic Neoplasia and Clinical
Pathology.
Out of 3 LAQs in Section C, 2 questions should be from Systemic Pathology and
Systemic Neoplasia and one question should be from Clinical Pathology.

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d. Marking scheme
Each paper of 40 marks as shown in the above table.
e. Nature of practicals and duration
Practicals
Marks 26

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a. 10 Spots 2 minutes each (4 specimen,
1 instrument, 3 histopathology
10
slides, 1 haematology slide and 1 chart)
Identification - 1/2 mark

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together 1 mark for
Specific short question - 1/2 mark
each spot
b. Urine Examination - Physical and two abnormal constituents
05

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c. Histopathology slides : Diagnosis and discussion
03
d. Haematology examination
i) Peripheral blood smear stain and report
03

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ii) Hb/TLC/Blood group
05
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Total
26

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------

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f. Viva : duration and topic distribution
Viva consists of two tables; on each table the student will
face 2 examiners for 5 minutes each :
Table - I General and Systemic Pathology -

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7
marks
Table - II Clinical Pathology and Haematology -
7 marks
Total

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14 marks
Number of Students for Practical Examination should not exceed more than 30 /
day
(4 for general Pathology, 4 for Systemic Pathology, 7 for Clinical Pathology
including hematology)

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g. Plan for internal assessment
The time table for internal assessment will be as follows :
Theory
15
Practical

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15
Scheme of internal assessment
From the batches which have joined before June 2001
Examination
Semester/term wise

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Total No
Head
distribution
of marks
Theory

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III Semester
a). Mid-term test (MCQ)
30
single best response
b). III Semester examination

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80
IV Semester
a). Mid-term (MCQ)
30
single best response

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b). IV Semester examination
80
V Semester
a). Prelims examination
80

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--------------
Total theory
300
(reduced to out of 15)
-------------

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Practicals
III Semester examination
40
IV Semester examination

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40
Prelims examination
40
----------
Total Practicals

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120
(reduced to out of 12)
----------
Journal
Year ending

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03
Total internal assessment
30

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From the batches joining in June 2001 and later
Examination

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Semester/term wise
Total No
Head
distribution
of marks

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Theory
III Semester
Term ending examination
50
IV Semester

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Term ending examination
50
V Semester
a). Prelims examination
80

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--------------
Total theory
180
(reduced to out of 15)
-------------

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Practicals
III Semester examination
40
IV Semester examination
40

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Prelims examination
40
----------
Total Practicals
120

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(reduced to out of 12)
----------
Journal
Year ending
03

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Total internal assessment
30
Vth semester
Prelims examination on the basis of University pattern (Theory, practical and viva) :
Minimum 4 weeks gap between Prelims and University examination.

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For the terminal theory examination 28 MCQs (1/2 mark each), 10 SAQs (option of
10 of any 12; 2 marks each) and 2 LAQs (option of 2 of any 3; 8 marks each) will be
administered. The total time will be 2 hours 30 mins. This will be followed by
practicals (total time 1 ? hours). To familiarize the students with the `viva
methodology, the marks for the practical may be kept 20 while 20 marks may be

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given for the viva on theory topics (total 40 marks).
Prelim pattern will be as per the University exam with 2 papers in theory, each of 2
hours duration.

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2. MICROBIOLOGY
1. Goal

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The goal of teaching Microbiology is to provide understanding of the natural
history of infectious diseases in order to deal with the etiology, pathogenesis,
pathogenicity, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, control and prevention of these
infections and infectious diseases.
2. Educational objectives

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(a) Knowledge
The student at the end of one and half years should be able to: -
i. state the etiology, pathogenesis and methods of laboratory diagnosis and
apply that knowledge in the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of
communicable diseases caused by microorganisms.

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ii. understand commensal, opportunistic and pathogenic organisms of human body
and describe host parasite relationship.
iii. know and describe the pathogenesis of diseases caused by microorganisms.
iv. state the sources and modes of transmission of pathogenic and opportunistic
micro-organisms including knowledge of insect vectors & their role in

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transmission of infectious diseases.
v. choose appropriate laboratory investigations required for clinical diagnosis.
(b) Skills
i. plan and interpret laboratory investigations for diagnosis of infectious diseases
and correlate the clinical manifestations with the etiological agent.

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ii. identify common infectious agents with the help of laboratory procedure, acquire
knowledge of antimicrobial agents, use of antimicrobial sensitivity tests to select
suitable antimicrobial agents for treatment.
iii. perform simple laboratory tests, which help to arrive at rapid diagnosis.
iv. be conversant with proper methods of collection, storage & transport of clinical

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material for microbiological investigations.
v. understand the principles of immunology and its application in the diagnosis and
prevention of infectious diseases including immunization schedule, acquire
knowledge of the scope of immunotherapy and different vaccines available for the
prevention of communicable diseases.

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vi. understand methods of disinfection and sterilization and their application to
control and prevent hospital and community acquired infections including
universal biosafety precautions and waste disposal.
vii. recommend laboratory investigations regarding bacteriological examination of
food, water, milk and air.

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viii. the student should be well equipped with the knowledge of prevalent
communicable diseases of national importance and of the newer emerging
pathogens.

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(c) Attitude
i. the student will be regular, sincere, punctual and courteous and regular in studies.

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ii. the student will follow all the rules laid down by the department and participate in
all activities.
iii. the student will understand the importance of, and practice asepsis, waste
segregation and appropriate disposal.
iv. the student will understand the importance of, and practice the best methods to

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prevent the development of infection in self and patient. (E.g. hand washing, using
aprons for hospitals in hospitals only, regularly washing the aprons, wearing
gloves (as and when required / handling specimens etc.).
v. the student will understand the use of the different antimicrobial agents including
antibiotics to use judiciously and prevent misuse, (prescribing attitude).

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vi. the student will understand the significance of vaccinations and will receive
appropriate vaccines (e.g. TT, Hepatitis B and any other as per
needs).
vii. the student will wash his/her hands with soap after each practical class.
viii.

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the student will leave the area allotted for his practical neat and tidy.
ix. the student will discard the slides in the appropriate container provided for the
same.
x. the student will report any injury sustained in class, immediately.
xi. the student will report any breakage occurring during class times immediately.

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xii. the student may give suggestions to improve teacher student association.
3. Total duration of para-clinical teaching
3 semesters
Total 360 teaching days
Total number of teaching hours allotted for Microbiology

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250 hrs
(As per MCI guidelines 1997).
4. Syllabus
a. Learning methods
Lectures, practicals

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Distribution of teaching hours
A) Theory (lectures &
..... 71
(tutorials
..... 26

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----------------------------------------
Total ..... 97
B) Practicals and Revision
..... 120
C) Assessments

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..... 33
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total
..... 250

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b. & c. Sequential organisation of contents and their division

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The areas of study in Microbiology will include General Microbiology, Systemic
Microbiology including Bacteriology, Immunology, Mycology, Virology, Rickettsia,
Chlamydia, Parasitology and Applied microbiology in relation to infections and
diseases of various systems of the body.
A) GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY: (n=10)

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No
Topic of
Must know (MK)
Desirable to
Hrs

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lecture
know (DK)
1.
Introduction
Definitions: Medical Microbiology, pathogen,

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Micro-organisms
1
and Historical commensal, symbiont etc. To cover Anton van
as models in
background

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Leewenhoek, Pasteur, Lister, Koch, Flemming etc. In
Molecular Biology
History: Scope to cover the importance of Med.
and Genetic
Microbiology on diagnosis and prevention of infectious

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engineering.
diseases.
2.
Morphology
Bacterial cell and its organelles, morphological

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1
of bacteria
classification, methods of studying bacteria, staining
and
methods & their principles

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Classification
Grams & Zeil Nelson staining, their importance in
presumptive diagnosis, negative staining, dark ground
illumination, phase contrast and fluorescent microscopy,
briefly about electron microscopy. Principles and

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applications of all microscopes.
3.
Physiology of Nutrition, respiration (anaerobic & aerobic) and growth
Important
1

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bacteria
of bacteria, growth curve, physical factors influencing
constituents of
including
growth. Culture media: Definition, classification and

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culture media.
growth
application.
requirements
& metabolism

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4.
Sterilization
Definition of sterilization, disinfection, asepsis,
Working and
1

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antiseptics. Ubiquity of bacteria, modes of killing
efficacy testing of
microbes and preventing them, factors determining
autoclave,
selection of the mode, factors adversely affecting

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inspissator and hot
sterilization. Enumeration of physical methods of
air oven.
sterilization including principle & their application.
Central Sterile

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Supply
Department
(CSSD) ? concept
only.
5.

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Disinfectants
Asepsis and antisepsis, modes of
Dyes, soaps and
1
Action of chemical agents on microbes. Phenols,

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detergents.
Halogens, Aldehydes, Acids, Alcohol, heavy metals,
Concentration and
oxidizing agents etc. Universal biosafety precautions.
contact time.

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6.
Waste
Definition of waste, classification, segregation, transport
1
disposal

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and disposal.

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7.
Bacterial
Introduction ? codon, lac operon, mutation,

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1
genetics and
transformation, transduction & conjugation, R factor,
drug
mode of action of antimicrobials on bacteria, mechanism

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resistance to
of drug resistance and antimicrobial susceptibility tests,
antimicrobial
steps taken to minimize emergence of resistant strains
agents.

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(Antibiotic policy, formulation),
8.
Host parasite
Commensal, pathogenic and opportunistic organisms,
1

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relationship
their pathogenic factors and modes of transmission.
and bacterial
Microbial factors: spores, capsule, toxins, enzymes,
infections

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intracellular parasitism, antigenic variation & extrinsic
factors etc. leading to establishment of infection. Types
of infection: primary, secondary, general, local, natural,
nosocomial, iatrogenic, zoonotic.
9.

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Normal flora
Introduction ? various sites, types and role
1
10. Methods of
Principles of laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases.

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PCR, RIA, DNA
1
identification
General procedures for collection transport, processing of probes.
of bacteria.

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specimens for microbiological diagnosis.
Diagnosis of
infectious
diseases
( direct and

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indirect)
B) IMMUNOLOGY: (n=12)
No.
Topic
Must know

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Desirable to know
Hrs
1
Introduction
Definition of immunity, types of immunity,

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Herd immunity
1
factors responsible, mechanism of innate
immunity, active and passive immunity, local
immunity.

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2
Antigens, HLA
Definition, types, antigen determinants,
Nature of determinants,
1

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properties of antigen.
e.g. of haptens, e.g. of
MHC- concept, class- I, II & III functions,
cross- reactive antigen.
indication of typing, MHC restriction.

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3
Antibodies
Definition, nature, structure of immuno-
Pepsin digestion, amino
1

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Globulins, papain digestion, understand
acid sequence,
isotypic, allotypic and idiotypic markers,
immunoglobin domain,
immunoglobulin classes, physical and

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abnormal immunoglobins.
biological properties of immunoglobins.,
4
Serological
Definition, characteristics, titre, sensitivity &

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Techniques of precipitation 2
reactions
specificity, antigen- antibody interaction-
and their uses, blocking
primary, secondary & tertiary, prozone

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antibodies, antiglobulin
phenomenon, principle, types and application reactions, co-agglutination,
of precipitation, agglutination, complement
in vitro test, techniques of
fixation, enzyme immunoassay,

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EIA, IF & electron
radioimmunoassay, immunofluoroscence test, microscopy.
neutralization and opsonisation.

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5

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Immune
Types, development, role of --thymus, bone
Lymphokines and their
2
response

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marrow, lymph nodes & spleen, cells of
role, clonal selection,
lymphoreticular system, morphology and role mechanism of
of T subsets, NK cells, B cells , plasma cells
immunoregulation, theories

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and macrophages, B & T cell activation,
of antibodies formation,
antigen processing and presentation, primary
techniques of monoclonal
and secondary immune response, principle

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antibody formation,
and uses of monoclonal antibodies, factors
detection of CMI, types of
affecting antibody production, CMI-
immunotolerance.

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definition, types, role of T cell and
macrophages, definition of immune tolerance
and mechanism of tolerance.
6
Complement

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Definition, synthesis, pathways, activation,
Regulation of complement 1
role & biological functions, components,
activation, complement
measurement.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

deficiency
7
Hypersensitivity Definition, classification, , difference between Desensitization in
1
immediate and delayed reaction, mechanism

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

anaphylaxis, type V
of anaphylaxis, manifestations of anaphylaxis, reaction, ADCC,
types of anaphylaxis, atopy, e.g. of
Shwartzman phenomenon.
anaphylactic reaction, tests for anaphylaxis,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

mechanism and e.g. of type-II & type-III
reactions, mechanism & types of delayed
hypersensitivity.
8
Autoimmunity

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Definition, mechanism, classification,
1
pathogenesis.
9
Transplantation

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Types of transplants, mechanism of transplant Type of tumour antigens,
1
& tumour
rejection, prevention of graft rejection, GVH
immune surveillance.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

immunology
reaction, IR to tumours, tumour antigens,
mechanism of IR to tumours.
10.
Immuno-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Classification, examples, laboratory tests for
1
Deficiency
detection, manifestations.

---

C) SYSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY: (n=21)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Pathogenesis includes:
Infectious agent
- MK
*MK- Must know
Habitat

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

- MK
*DK- Desirable to know
Source / reservoir
- MK
Mode

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

- MK
Infective dose
- MK
Multiplication, spread
- MK

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Clinical features, pathology
- MK
Complications
- MK
Virulence factors

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

- MK
Immunological response
- DK
Laboratory diagnosis:
-MK

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Specimen selection
-MK
Collection
-MK
Transport

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-MK
Primary smear, hanging drop
-MK
Selection of media
-MK

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Pathogenicity testing
-MK
Anti microbial drug susceptibility testing-MK
Serological interpretation
-MK

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Key to the abbreviations used in the table below:
Classification, B- Morphology, C- Culture and isolation, D- Biochemical
reactions,
E- Viability, F -Virulence, G- Diseases, H- Antigens, I- Pathogenesis, J- Laboratory
diagnosis, K- Prevention and control, L- Immune response

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

No Topic/ hours A B
C
D
E
F

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

G
H
I
J
K

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

L
1 Staphylococci
MK MK
DK
DK MK MK MK DK MK MK MK

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-
(1 hour)
2 Streptococci
MK MK
BA-MK,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DK MK MK MK MK MK MK MK DK
Pneumococci
DK
(1 hour)
3 Neisseria

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DK MK
DK
DK MK MK MK DK MK MK MK
-
(1 hour)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4 C.diptheriae
DK MK
DK
-
MK MK MK

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-
MK MK MK DK
(1 hour)
5 M.Tuberculosis
MK MK LJ,Growth DK MK MK MK MK MK MK MK DK

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

(1 hour)
Time MK
6 Atypical
MK MK
DK

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DK MK MK MK
-
MK MK MK
-
mycobacteria

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

(1hour)
7 M.leprae
MK MK Isolation-
-
MK MK MK MK MK MK MK MK

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

(1 hour)
MK

---

8 Bacillus
MK MK

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MK
DK MK MK MK
-
MK MK MK
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Methods of
anaerobiosis &
classification.
Non sporing
anaerobes

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

(1 hour)
9 Clostridium
MK DK
MK
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-
-
MK
-
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MK
-
-
welchii, tetani,
botulinum

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

(1 hour)
10 Enterobacteriacea MK MK
DK
DK MK MK MK DK
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MK
-
-
e
( 1 hour)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

11 Salmonella typhi
MK MK
DK
DK MK MK MK DK
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MK
-
MK
(1 hour)
12 Shigella (1 hour)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MK MK
DK
DK MK MK MK DK
-
MK

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-
-
13 Vibrio &
MK MK
DK

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DK MK MK MK
-
-
MK
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-
Campylobacter
(1 hour)
14 Pseudomonas
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MK
DK
DK MK MK MK
-
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MK
-
-
(1 hour)
15 Other GNB (1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

List MK
DK
-
-
MK

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-
-
-
MK
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-
hour)
onl
y
16 Newer bacteria

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

List MK
DK
-
-
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-
-
-
MK
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-
(1 hour)
onl
y
17 Spirochete (1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MK MK
DK
-
MK
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MK
-
-
MK
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DK
hour)
18 Actinomycosis &
DK MK
DK

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-
-
-
-
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-
MK
-
-
Nocardia (1 hour)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

19 Rickettsia (1
MK MK
-
-
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-
-
-
-
MK

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-
-
hour)
20 Chlamydia &
MK MK

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-
-
-
-
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-
-
MK
-
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Mycoplasma
(1 hour)
21 Bacteriology of
-
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MK
DK MK MK MK
-
MK MK MK
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

air, water, milk
and food (1 hour)

---

D) MYCOLOGY: (n=4)
No
Topic

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Must know
Desirable to know
Hrs
1
Introduction to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Nature of fungus (definition, differences
Growth requirements,
1
Mycology
with bacteria), characteristics of fungi,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ecological, medical and
common terminologies, brief account of
industrial importance of
types of sporulation and morphological
fungi ( brief account).

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

classification of fungi. Methods of
identification , Infections produced,
Lab Diagnosis, processing of skin, hair
and nail,
2

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Agents of
Enumerate, predisposing factors,
Colony characteristics
1
Superficial mycosis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

morphological features, Lab. Diagnosis
of dermatophytes
3
Subcutaneous
Enumerate, predisposing factors,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-
1
mycosis
Mycetoma, Rhinosporidiosis,
Pathogenesis, Lab. Diagnosis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4
Systemic mycosis
Classification, predisposing factors,
Cultural characteristics
1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Opportunistic fungal Candida, Cryptococcus, Histoplasma
infections
morphology, pathogenesis, lab.
Diagnosis
Classification, predisposing factors,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Mucor, Aspergillus, Pneumocystis carinii
E) VIROLOGY: (n=12)
Morphology, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, prevention and control for all viruses
(Must know).
No

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Topic of lecture
Must know
Desirable to
Hrs
know

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1 General Virology
Size, shape, symmetry, structure, resistance,
-
1
multiplication, properties and classification of

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

viruses, pathogenesis, bacteriophages, concept of
virons
2 Laboratory diagnosis Collection of samples, transport, cultivation and
-
1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

of viral infections
methods of diagnosis
3 Viral immunity
Viral immunity, interferon, viral vaccines
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1
4 Pox viruses
Small pox and Molluscum
-
1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5 DNA viruses
Papova, Adeno, Herpes viruses ( Herpes simplex,
-
1
Varicella zoster, CMV, EBV)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6 Respiratory viruses
Orthomyxo and Paramyxoviruses, Ag shift and drift
Rhinoviruses
1
7 Picornaviruses

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Polio, Coxsackie, Enteroviruses, Viruses causing
-
1
diarrhoea ? Rota viruses, Immunity (polio)
8 Hepatitis viruses

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Hepatitis viruses , immunity and laboratory diagnosis -
1
9 Arboviruses
Dengue, KFD, Japanese encephalitis ? definition,
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1
classification, enumeration in India, Pathogenesis,
laboratory diagnosis and control

---

10 Rhabdoviruses

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Rabies
-
1
11 Slow and Oncogenic Characteristics of slow virus infections, pathogenesis -
1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

viruses
and laboratory diagnosis and viruses associated with
it
12 Retroviruses
HIV/AIDS, Immunity, USP

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-
1
F) PARASITOLOGY: (n=11)
Must know ?
Geographical distribution

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Habitat
Morphology ( different stages ) found in human beings
Life cycle
Pathogenesis
Laboratory diagnosis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Treatment
Control
Immunoprophylaxis
No Topic of lecture
Must know

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Desirable to
Hrs
know
1
Introduction to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Parasites: their nature, classification, and explanation
1
medical
of terminologies, epidemiology, emerging parasitic
Parasitology

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

infections, (pathogenicity and laboratory diagnosis)
2
E. histolytica
Amoebic infections
1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3
Free living
Free living amoebae, PAME, Giardia & Trichomonas
1
amoebae and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

flagellates
4
Hemoflagellates
L. donovani: life cycle, morphology, pathogenicity,
Brief account of

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1
and lab. Diagnosis etc.
Trypanosomes
5
Malaria

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Malarial parasites: life cycle, morphology,
1
pathogenicity, laboratory diagnosis etc.
6
Misc. Pathogenic Toxoplasma,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Cryptosporidium,
1
protozoa
Isospora, B.coli
7

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Cestodes
Taenia saginata & solium, Echinococcus granulosus,
Brief mention of
1
life cycle, morphology, pathogenicity and laboratory

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

other cestodes
diagnosis.
8
Trematodes
Schistosomiasis: life cycle, morphology, pathogenicity Brief account of

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1
& lab diagnosis.
Fasciola hepatica
9
Intestinal

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

A.duodenale, A. lumbricoides, E. vermicularis, T.
brief mention of
2
Nematodes
tritura

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

S. stercoralis, life
cycle,morphology
laboratory
diagnosis
10 Tissue

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

W. bancrofti, D. medinensis, in brief T. spiralis
1
Nematodes

---

TUTORIALS (APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY) : (n=26)

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Regular tutorials, student seminars & symposia shall be conducted in addition to
lectures.
Students must know:
Micro-organisms causing diseases & pathological lesions
Methods of collection & transportation of specimens

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Methods of laboratory diagnosis
Serological response produced by organisms
Interpretation of laboratory report
No
Topic of Tutorial

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Hrs
1 Gastrointestinal infections ( diarrhoea and dysentery) and their laboratory diagnosis
2
2 Upper respiratory tract infection ( patch and sore throat) and their laboratory diagnosis
2

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3 Lower respiratory tract infection ( pneumonia, bronchitis, bronchiolitis etc.) and their
2
laboratory diagnosis
4 Urinary tract infection and their laboratory diagnosis
2

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5 Infections of the central nervous system ( meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscess) and their
2
laboratory diagnosis
6 Wound infections and pyogenic infections
2

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

7 Septicemia and laboratory diagnosis and PUO
2
8 Eye infections and their laboratory diagnosis
2
9 Sexually transmitted disease (STD) and their laboratory diagnosis ( genital ulcerative disease)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2
10 Role of laboratory in cross infection, Nosocomial infections / outbreak / epidemic
2
11 Vehicles and vectors of communicable disease & zoonosis
2

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

12 Preventive inoculations, immunomodulation and immunotherapy
2
Suggested topics for integrated teaching:
Tuberculosis and Leprosy
Note: Each topic may be allotted 3

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

hours. These topics may
Pyrexia of Unknown Origin ( PUO )
be covered in 2nd and 3rd term of 2nd
MBBS.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Hepatitis
HIV / AIDS
Malaria
Diarrhoea and Dysentery
d. Term-wise distribution

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

First term (4 months)
Theory- 32 hours
Practical- 32 hours
Second term (5 ? months)
Theory- 66 hours

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Practical- 44 hours
Third term (4 months)
Theory- 48 hours
Practical- 32 hours
Total teaching hours

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

254 hours

---

System-wise distribution
NO. OF CLASSES
TERM
BROAD TOPICS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Lectures
Practicals
TUTORIALS
(1 hour)
(2 hours)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

(2 hours)
First term
General Microbiology
10
28

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-
Systemic Bacteriology
18
24
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Second term
Systemic bacteriology
3
19
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Immunology
12
4
-
Virology

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

12
4
-
Mycology
5

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4
-
Parasitology
11
24

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-
Third term
Applied microbiology
-
-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

26
e. Practicals : Total hours, number & contents : (n=100)
No
Topic
Hrs

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1.
Introduction to Microbiology, Microscopy and Micrometry.
4
2.
Morphology and physiology of bacteria and methods staining.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4
3.
Growth requirements of bacteria (media) and identification of bacteria (biochemical reactions).
4
4.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Scheme for laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases and collection, storage and transport of
4
microbiological specimens and laboratory animals.
5.
Sterilization- the physical agents.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4
Sterilization- the chemical agents and method of waste disposal.
6.
Serological tests for diagnosis of microbial infections.
4

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

7.
Staphylococci and other gram-positive cocci.
4
8.
Streptococci and Pneumococci.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4
9.
Gram negative cocci
4
10. C. diphtheriae and other gram positive non sporing bacilli

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4
11. Mycobacteria
4
12. Spore bearing aerobic and anaerobic bacilli.
4

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

13. Enteric gram-negative bacilli ? lactose fermenters - E.coli etc
4
14. Non lactose fermenters ? Salmonella and Shigella
4
15. V. cholerae and other Vibrio like organisms

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4
16. Other gram-negative bacilli including Pseudomonas, Proteus and hospital acquired infection.
4
17. Spirochetes
4

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

18. Actinomycetes, Nocardia and Fungi.
4
19. Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Viruses
4
20. Introduction to Parasitology and Protozoal infections (including Isospora & Cryptosporidium)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4
21. Haemoflagellates
4
22. Plasmodia and toxoplasma.
4

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

23. Cystodes and trematodes
4
24. Intestinal nematodes
4
25. Extra-intestinal nematodes.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4
The number of practicals and lectures can be changed as per the needs.
Introdu cti on Of " Bio -Me dical W aste" topi c in su bject of Microbiol o g y & P reventi
ve
& Social Medicine

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

f. Books recommended:
1. Textbook of Microbiology
-
R. Ananthanarayan

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

C. K. Jayaram Panikar
2. A Textbook of Microbiology
-
P. Chakraborty
3. Textbook of Medical Microbiology -

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Rajesh Bhatia & Itchpujani
4. Textbook of Medical Microbiology -
Arora and Arora
5. Textbook of Medical Parasitology -
C. K. Jayaram Panikar

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6. Textbook of Medical Parasitology -
Arora and Arora
7. Textbook of Medical Parasitology -
S.C.Parija
8. Microbiology in clinical practice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-
D. C. Shanson
A Textbook of Parasitology
-
Dr. R.P. Karyakarte and Dr. A.S.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Damle
Reference books:
1. Mackie McCartney practical Medical Microbiology- Colle JG , Fraser AG
2. Principles of Bacteriology, Virology &
Immunology vol. 1,2,3,4,5-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Topley Wilsons
3. Medical Mycology (Emmons)-
Kwon ? Chung
4. Review of Medical Microbiology (Lange)-
Jawetz

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. Immunology-
Weir DM
6. Medical Microbiology-
David Greenwood, Richard Stack, John Pentherer
7. Parasitology-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

KD Chatterjee
8. Medical virology-
Timbury MC
9. Mackie McCartney Medical, Microbiology vol.1-
Duguid JP

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

10.Microbial infections-
Marmion BP, Swain RHA
5. Evaluation
a. Methods
Theory, Practical & Viva

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

No
Total marks
1
Theory ( 2 papers ? 40 marks each)
80

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2
Oral (Viva)
15
3
Practical

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

25
4
Internal assessment ( theory ?15, practicals ?15)
30
TOTAL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

150
Passing : A candidate must obtain 50% in aggregate with a minimum of 50% in
Theory including oral and minimum of 50% in practicals and 50% in internal
assessment (combined theory and practical).
b. Pattern of Theory Examination including Distribution of Marks, Questions,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Time.

---

Nature of Question Paper
Faculty with
: SECOND MBBS
Year

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Subject
: MICROBIOLOGY
Paper
: I
Total Marks

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

: 40
Time : 2 Hours
Section "A" (8 Marks)
Instructions:-
1) Fill (dark) the appropriate empty circle below the question number once only..

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2) Use blue/black ball point pen only.
3) Each question carries one / half mark.
4) Students will not be allotted mark if he/she overwrites strikes or put white ink on the cross
once marked.
5) Do not write anything on the blank portion of the question paper. If written anything, such type of

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

act will be considered as an attempt to resort to unfair means.
Section "A" : MCQ (8 marks)
Question No.
Question Description
Division of Marks

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Total Marks
1.
Total MCQs : 16
16 X ?
08

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Section "B" & "C" (32 Marks)
Instructions:-
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) The number to the right indicates full marks.
3) Draw diagrams wherever necessary.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4) Answer each section in the respective answerbook only. Answers written in the inappropriate
sectional answer books will not be assessed in any case.
5) Do not write anything on the blank portion of the question paper. If written anything, such type of act
will be considered as an attempt to resort to unfair means.
Section "B" : BAQ (20 Marks)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Question No.
Question Description
Division of Marks Total Marks
2.
Brief answer questions

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5 X 4
20
(Attempt any five out of six)
a)
b)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)
d)
e)
f)
Section "C" : LAQ (12

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Marks)
Question No.
Question Description
Division of Marks Total Marks
3.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Attempt any two out of three:
2 X 6
12
Long answer question only
a)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)
c)

---

Faculty with Year
: SECOND MBBS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Subject
: MICROBIOLOGY
Paper
: II
Total Marks

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

: 40
Time : 2 Hours
Section "A" (8 Marks)
Instructions:-
1) Fill (dark) the appropriate empty circle below the question number once only..

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2) Use blue/black ball point pen only.
3) Each question carries one / half mark.
4) Students will not be allotted mark if he/she overwrites strikes or put white ink on the cross
once marked.
5) Do not write anything on the blank portion of the question paper. If written anything, such type of

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

act will be considered as an attempt to resort to unfair means.
Section "A" : MCQ (8 marks)
Question No.
Question Description
Division of Marks

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Total Marks
1.
Total MCQs : 16
16 X ?
08

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Section "B" & "C" (32 Marks)
Instructions:-
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) The number to the right indicates full marks.
3) Draw diagrams wherever necessary.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4) Answer each section in the respective answerbook only. Answers written in the inappropriate
sectional answer books will not be assessed in any case.
5) Do not write anything on the blank portion of the question paper. If written anything, such type of act
will be considered as an attempt to resort to unfair means.
Section "B" : BAQ (20 Marks)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Question No.
Question Description
Division of Marks
Total Marks
2.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Brief answer questions
5 X 4
20
(Attempt any five out of six)
a)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Section "C" : LAQ (12 Marks)
Question No.
Question Description
Division of Marks
Total Marks

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3.
Attempt any two out of three:
2 X 6
12
Long answer question only

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)
b)
c)

---

A) MICROBIOLOGY PAPER I

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

General Microbiology
Systematic bacteriology including Rickettsia, Chlamydia and Mycoplasma
Related applied microbiology.
B) MICROBIOLOGY PAPER II
Parasitology

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Mycology
Virology
Immunology
Related applied Microbiology.
d. Marking scheme

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Each paper of 40 marks as shown in the above table.
e. Nature of practicals and duration
Practical examination in MICROBIOLOGY will be of 26 marks and oral (viva) of 14
marks of THREE hours duration.
Q.1: Gram staining 5

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Q.2: Zeil ? Nelsons staining 5
Q.3: Stool examination for Ova/cyst 6
Q.4: Spot identification (Ten spots)* 10
Total- 26
(*Spots- Microscopic slides, Mounted specimen, Instruments used in laboratory,

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Serological tests, Inoculated culture medium, Sterile culture medium, Vaccines /
serum).
f. Viva (Two tables) Marks
A: General & Systemic Microbiology
7

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B: Mycology, Parasitology, Virology, Immunology
7
g. Plan for internal assessment
Marks for Internal Assessment:
Theory :

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15
Practical:
15
From the batches which have joined before June 2001
Theory examination

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Internal assessment for theory shall be calculated on the basis of two term ending
examinations (Ist & IInd), two mid term examinations in Ist & IInd term & one
preliminary examination at the end of the course (total 5 examinations) till the batch
of Nov.2000 admission appears for University examination.

---

Marks Distribution for theory examination: (Internal assessment)

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Examination
MCQ
SAQ
LAQ
Total

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Time
Marks
No.
Marks
No.

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Marks
No.
Ist & IInd
10
20

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20
10/12
-
-
30

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1 hr
midterm
Ist & IInd
28
56

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24
12/14
28
4/5
80

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3 hr
term
MCQ = Multiple choice questions, SAQ = Short answer questions, LAQ = Long
answer questions
Preliminary examination (as per the University pattern ? 2 papers, 3 h each) 80

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marks
Internal assessment marks for theory will be computed to 15 out of total 300 marks.
Practicals (Internal assessment):
Three term ending practicals only.
Marks Distribution of Practicals:

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Ist term ending examination 40
IInd term ending examination 40
Preliminary Practical examination 40
Total- 120
Internal assessment marks for Practicals have to be computed out of 12 marks at the

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end of the curriculum and add marks for journals out of 3. Thus, total marks for
practical assessment will be 15.
From the batches joining in June 2001 and later
Pattern for computation of ' Internal Assessment ' in the subject of Microbiology. (
Applicable to the batch joining in June 2001)

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THEORY:
Internal assessment shall be computed on the basis of three term ending examinations
( two terminals & one preliminary examination before the university examination).
EXAMINATION No.of Papers
Pattern

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Duration of
Total
each paper
Marks
1ST TERMINAL

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One -50 Marks MCQs- 28(14 Marks)
2 Hours 30
50
SAQs- 10/12 (20 Marks)
Minutes

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LAQs- 2/3 ( 16 Marks)
2ND TERMINAL
One - 50 marks MCQs- 28(14 Marks)
2 Hours 30
50

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SAQs- 10/12(20Marks)
Minutes
LAQs- 2/3 (16 Marks )

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PRELIMINARY

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Two - 40
Each paper-
2 Hours
80
(As per final

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marks each
MCQs- 28(14 Marks)
each paper
University pattern)
SAQs-

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6/7(12Marks)
LAQs- 2/3 (14 Marks)
(Total- 40 Marks, each paper)
TOTAL 180
Final internal assessment in THEORY shall be computed on the basis of actual marks

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obtained out of 180, reduced to marks out of 15.
PRACTICAL:
Internal assessment in PRACTICALS shall be computed on the basis of three term
ending examinations and the marks allotted to practical record book.
EXAMINATION

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PATTERN
MARKS
TOTAL
1ST TERMINAL
Exercise(eg.Gram's

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10
Stain)
40
Spotting
10

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Viva
20
2ND
Exercise/Exercises(eg 10
.Gram's & Z.N. Stain)

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40
Spotting
10
Viva
20

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PRILIMINARY EXAM Gram's Stain
5
As per University
Ziehl-Neelson Stain
5

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pattern
Stool Exam.
5
40
Spotting

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10
Viva
15
TOTAL
120

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Actual marks obtained out of 120 shall be reduced to out of 12. Add marks obtained
out of 3 for Practical Record Book. Total internal assessment marks for Practical shall
be out of (12+3) 15.
Total Internal Assessment : Theory --- 15
Practical -- 15

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--------
Total:
30
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics
1. Goal
The broad goal of teaching pharmacology to undergraduate students is to inculcate in
them a rational and scientific basis of therapeutics.

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2. Educational objectives

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(a) Knowledge
At the end of the course, the student shall be able to -
i. describe the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of essential and commonly
used drugs
ii. list the indications, contraindications, interactions and adverse reactions of

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commonly used drugs
iii. indicate the use of appropriate drug in a particular disease with consideration of its
cost, efficacy and safety for -
individual needs, and
mass therapy under national health programmes

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iv describe the pharmacokinetic basis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and
management of
common poisonings
v Integrate the list the drugs of addiction and recommend the management
vi. Classify environmental and occupational pollutants and state the management

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issues
vii. Explain pharmacological basis of prescribing drugs in special medical situations
such as pregnancy, lactation, infancy and old age
vii explain the concept of rational drug therapy in clinical pharmacology
viii state the principles underlying the concept of `Essential Drugs

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ix evaluate the ethics and modalities involved in the development and introduction
of new drugs
(b) Skills
At the end of the course, the student shall be able to -
i. prescribe drugs for common ailments

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ii. identify adverse reactions and interactions of commonly used drugs
iii. interpret the data of experiments designed for the study of effects of drugs and
bioassays which are observed during the study
iv. scan information on common pharmaceutical preparations and critically evaluate
drug formulations

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v. be well-conversant with the principles of pharmacy and dispense the medications
giving proper instructions
(c) Integration
Practical knowledge of rational use of drugs in clinical practice will be acquired
through integrated teaching vertically with pre-clinical & clinical subjects and

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horizontally with other para-clinical subjects.
3. Total duration of para-clinical teaching 3 Semesters
(III,IV,V)
Total 360 teaching days

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Total number of teaching hours allotted to Pharmacology

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300 hours
4. Syllabus
a. Learning methods
Lectures, tutorials, Practicals
Distribution of teaching hours

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Theory
lectures
..........109 ? 5
tutorials
..........17 ? 5

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Total 126 ? 10
B) Practicals
..........120 ? 5
C) Revision & Evaluation (Internal Assessment)
...........60

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b. & c. Sequential organisation of contents & their division
A) INTRODUCTION: Pharmacology - a foundation to clinical practice
(N=1)
Development of the branch of pharmacology; Scope of the subject; role of drugs
as one of the modalities to treat diseases,

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definition of drug;
nature and sources of drugs;
subdivisions of pharmacology
rational pharmacotherapy
B) GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY:

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(N=7 ? 2)
Pharmacokinetics: Absorption, Distribution, Biotransformation, Elimination
(n=3) Pharmacodynamics: Principles of Drug Action, Mechanisms of drug
action,
Receptors (Nature, Types, Theories, Principles, Regulation)

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(n=1)
Application to pharmacotherapeutics: Relevance of Pharmacokinetics and dynamics
in clinical practice, Sequale of repeated administration of drug
(n=2)
Adverse Drug Reactions

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(n=1)

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Adrenergic agonists
(n=1)
Adrenergic antagonists I:

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-blockers
(n=1)
Adrenergic antagonists II:
-blockers
(n=1)

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Cholinergic agonists
(n=1)
Anticholinesterases
(n=1)
Antimuscarinic drugs

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(n=1)
Skeletal muscle relaxants
(n=1)
A) CARDIOVASCULAR SYSEM INCLUDING DRUGS AFFECTING
COAGULATION AND THOSE ACTING ON KIDNEYS:

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(N=14 ? 2)
General Considerations and Overview of antihypertensive therapy;
Diuretics (n=2)
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (n=1)
Sympatholytics & vasodilators (n=1)

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Management of hypertension
Antianginal: Nitrates & others (n=1)
Calcium channel blockers (n=1)
Pharmacotherapy of chest pain
Anticoagulants & Coagulants

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Thrombolytics & Antiplatelet Agents (n=2)
Drugs for CCF: Digitalis glycosides, Others agents (n=2)
Management of CCF
Antiarrhythmic Agents (n=1)
Agents used for the management of shock (n=1)

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Hypolipidaemic drugs (n=1)
Role of Nitric oxide and endothelin to be covered in CVS
..........DK

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C)

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E AU
) H T
A ON
EM OMIC PH
ATINICS A

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A R
N MACO
D HAE L
M OGY
ATO :

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P OIETIC FACTORS: (N= 8 ? 2)
=1)
Gen
Ageeral C
nts us onsi

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e
d
d in etrhaeti
r ons
apy of iron deficiency anaemia and megaloblastic anae (n

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mi=
a 1)
;
Erythropoietin,
GM-CSF

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(n=1)
Management of anaemia
F) NEUROPSYCHIATRIC PHARMACOLOGY INCLUDING
INFLAMMATON, PAIN & SUBSTANCE ABUSE
(N=15 ? 2)

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General Considerations (n=1)
Sedative-Hypnotics (n=2)
Psychopharmacology: Antianxiety; Antipsychotics; Antidepressants (n=3)
Antiepileptics (n=2)
Therapy of neurodegenerative disorders:

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Anti-Parkinsonian agents; cerebral vasodilators/nootropics
(n=1)
Local anaesthetics
(n=1)
Analgesics: Opioids; NSAIDs (n=3)

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Pharmacotherapy of pain including migraine
Pharmacotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis and gout
Substance abuse: Management of opioid, alcohol and tobacco addictions (n=1)
G) MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS - I: (N=6 ? 2)
Autocoids (to be covered before pain lectures)

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(n=1)
Antiallergics: Antihistaminics
(n=1)
Drugs used for bronchial asthma (n=1)
Pharmacotherapy of cough

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Drugs acting on immune system:
Immunostimulants, immunosuppressants; pharmacology of vaccines & sera (n=1)
Drugs acting on the uterus
(n=1)

---

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Antimicrobial agents:
(n=7)
Sulphonamides & Cotrimoxazole
Quinoline derivatives
Penicillins,

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Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Tetracyclines & Chloramphenicol
Pharmacotherapy of UTI
General principles of Antimicrobial use (n=1)

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Antimycobacterial therapy: Anti-Kochs agents; Anti-leprotic agents (n=3)
Pharmacotherapy of tuberculosis
Antiprotozoal agents:
Antiamoebic, Antimalarials and Anti Kala azar (n=3)
Pharmacotherapy of malaria

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Antihelminthics (n=1)
(against intestinal Nematodes and Cestodes; extra intestinal Nematodes and
Trematodes)
Antifungal agents (n=1)
Antiviral agents including antiretroviral agents (n=2)

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Pharmacotherapy of STDs (n=1)
Principles of cancer chemotherapy and their adverse drug reactions (n=1)
(individual agents and regimes need not be taught)
I) ENDOCRINOLOGY: (N=12 ? 2)
Introduction to endocrinology

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(including Hypothalamic and Anterior Pituitary hormones) (n=1)
Steroids (n=2)
Glucocorticoids: Use and Misuse
Oestrogens & antagonists (n=1)
Progestins & antagonists (n=1)

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Oral contraceptives & profertility agents (n=1)

---

H)
TeCH
stosEM

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ter OT
one H
& E
a R
naAP

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bol Y
ic IN
steC
r LUD
oids ING CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY:

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( N
(n=22 ? 2)
=1)
Fertility control
G

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Tehnyer
roal conside
xine and r
a at
nt ions

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thy roid agents (n
=
(n 1)
=
2)

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Agents affecting calcification (n=1)
Antidiabetic agents: Insulin; Oral antidiabetic drugs (n=2)
Pharmacotherapy of Diabetes Mellitus
J) AGENTS USED IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS: (N=2)
Pharmacotherapy of nausea & vomiting

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(n=1)
Pharmacotherapy of peptic ulcer
(n=1)
Management of dyspepsia
Management of diarrhoea and constipation

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K) PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: to be covered as a case study
Preanaesthetic medication
Preparation of surgical site: antiseptics etc.
Local Anaesthetics
Skeletal muscle relaxants

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Drugs used in post-operative period: analgesics, antiemetics etc.
L) MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS ? II (N=5-7)
Drug-Drug Interactions
(n=1)
Drug use at extremes of age, in pregnancy & in organ dysfunction

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(n=2)
Use of chelating agents in heavy metal poisonings; Environmental & occupational
toxicants and principles of management (particularly cyanide and CO) (n=1)
Ocular pharmacology (n=1)
Dermatopharmacology (n=1)

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Gen e ral An aesthetics...
DK
Pharmacotherapy of glaucoma and conjunctivitis
M) RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY:
(N=4)

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Prescription writing and P-drug concept
Rational Drug Use; Essential Drug List (EDL)
Criticism with reference to Fixed Drug Combinations (FDCs)
Use and misuse of commonly used preparations: vitamins, antioxidants, enzymes etc.
d. Term-wise distribution

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---

I term
Introduction
General pharmacology
Autonomic pharmacology

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Drugs acting on cardiovascular system including drugs affecting coagulation and
those acting on the kidneys
II term
Prescription writing and P-drug concept
Rational use of drugs; Essential drug list

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Neuro-psychiatric pharmacology including inflammation, pain and substance
abuse
Miscellaneous topics - I
Chemotherapy
Endocrinology

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III term
Agents used in gastro-intestinal disorders
Peri operative management
Miscellaneous topics
Criticism with reference to FDCs

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Use and misuse of commonly used preparations: vitamins, antioxidants, enzymes etc.
e. Practicals: Total hours, number & contents
Total hours: 120
Number:
18

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Contents:
I term practicals
(N=7)
Introduction to Practical Pharmacology, Prescription Writing, Pharmacokinetics I,
Routes of Administration: Oral, Routes of Administration: Topical, Routes of

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Administration: Parenteral, Pharmacokinetics II: Applied Pharmacokinetics

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II term practicals (N=7)
Pharmacodynamics I (Isolated Tissue, Cat NM junction), Pharmacodynamics II
(Dog: BP and Respiration), Screening Techniques for New Drugs, Adverse Drug

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Reactions, Rational Pharmacotherapy I, Rational Pharmacotherapy II, Sources of
Drug Information including scrutiny of Promotional Literature
III term practicals (N=4)
Case Study 1, Case Study 2
Revision Practicals (n=2)

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f. Books recommended :
1. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology. Katzung BG (Ed), Publisher: Prentice Hall
International Ltd., London.
2. Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics. Satoskar RS, Bhandarkar SD (Ed),
Publisher: Popular Prakashan, Bombay.

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3. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology. Tripathi KD (Ed), Jaypee Brothers,
publisher:Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.
4. Clinical Pharmacology. Laurence DR, Bennet PN, Brown MJ (Ed). Publisher:
Churchill Livingstone
Reference books :

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2. Goodman & Gilmans The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Hardman
JG & Limbird LE (Ed), Publisher: McGraw-Hill, New York.
3. A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology. Roger HJ, Spector RG, Trounce JR
(Ed), Publisher: Hodder and Stoughton Publishers.
5. Evaluation

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Methods
Theory, Practical & viva
b. Pattern of Theory Examination including Distribution of Marks, Questions &
Time

---

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Nature of Question Paper
Faculty with Year
: SECOND MBBS
Subject
: PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS

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Paper
: I
Total Marks
: 40
Time : 2 Hours

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Section "A" (8 Marks)
Instructions:-
1) Fill (dark) the appropriate empty circle below the question number once only..
2) Use blue/black ball point pen only.
3) Each question carries one / half mark.

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4) Students will not be allotted mark if he/she overwrites strikes or put white ink on the cross
once marked.
5) Do not write anything on the blank portion of the question paper. If written anything, such type of
act will be considered as an attempt to resort to unfair means.
Section "A" : MCQ (8 marks)

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Question No.
Question Description
Division of Marks
Total Marks
1.

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Total MCQs : 16
16 X ?
08
Section "B" & "C" (32 Marks)
Instructions:-

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1) All questions are compulsory.
2) The number to the right indicates full marks.
3) Draw diagrams wherever necessary.
4) Answer each section in the respective answerbook only. Answers written in the inappropriate
sectional answer books will not be assessed in any case.

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5) Do not write anything on the blank portion of the question paper. If written anything, such type of act
will be considered as an attempt to resort to unfair means.
Section "B" : BAQ (20 Marks)
Question No.
Question Description

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Division of Marks
Total Marks
2.
Brief answer questions
5 X 4

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20
(Attempt any five out of six)
a)
b)
c)

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d)
e)
f)
Section "C" : LAQ (12 Marks)
Question No.

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Question Description
Division of
Total Marks
Marks
3.

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Attempt any two out of three:
2 X 6
12
Long answer question only
a)

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b)
c)

---

Faculty with Year
: SECOND MBBS

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Subject
: PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
Paper
: II
Total Marks

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: 40
Time : 2 Hours
Section "A" (8 Marks)
Instructions:-
1) Fill (dark) the appropriate empty circle below the question number once only..

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2) Use blue/black ball point pen only.
3) Each question carries one / half mark.
4) Students will not be allotted mark if he/she overwrites strikes or put white ink on the cross
once marked.
5) Do not write anything on the blank portion of the question paper. If written anything, such type of

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act will be considered as an attempt to resort to unfair means.
Section "A" : MCQ (8 marks)
Question No.
Question Description
Division of Marks

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Total Marks
1.
Total MCQs : 16
16 X ?
08

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Section "B" & "C" (32 Marks)
Instructions:-
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) The number to the right indicates full marks.
3) Draw diagrams wherever necessary.

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4) Answer each section in the respective answerbook only. Answers written in the inappropriate
sectional answer books will not be assessed in any case.
5) Do not write anything on the blank portion of the question paper. If written anything, such type of act
will be considered as an attempt to resort to unfair means.
Section "B" : BAQ (20 Marks)

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Question No.
Question Description
Division of Marks
Total Marks
2.

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Brief answer questions
5 X 4
20
(Attempt any five out of six)
a)

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b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

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Section "C" : LAQ (12
Marks)
Question No.
Question Description
Division of Marks

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Total Marks
3.
Attempt any two out of three:
2 X 6
12

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Long answer question only
a)
b)
c)

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c. Topic distribution
A) PHARMACOLOGY PAPER I includes General Pharmacology including drug-
drug interactions; Autonomic Nervous System, Cardiovascular System including
drugs affecting Coagulation and those acting on the Kidneys; Haematinics; Agents
used in Gastro-Intestinal Disorders; Ocular pharmacology; Drug use at extremes

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of age, in pregnancy & in organ dysfunction; Diagnostic & Chelating agents;
Environmental & Occupational Pollutants; Vitamins
B) PHARMACOLOGY PAPER II includes Neuro-Psychiatric Pharmacology
including Antiinflammatory-Analgesics and Addiction & its management;
Pharmacology in Surgery (particularly peri-operative management);

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Chemotherapy including Cancer Chemotherapy; Endocrinology; Dermatology;
Miscellaneous Topics I (Lipid-derived autacoids; Nitric Oxide; Allergy -
Histaminics & Antihistaminics including anti-vertigo; Anti Asthmatics; Anti-
tussive agents; Immunomodulators; Vaccines & sera; Drugs acting on the uterus)
d. Marking scheme

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Each paper of 40 marks as shown in the above table.
e. Nature of practicals and duration
Practical Heads
Marks 26
Prescription writing

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5
Long
(3)
Short
(2)

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Criticism
8
Prescription & rewriting
(4)
Fixed dose formulation

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(4)
Clinical Pharmacy
(dosage forms, routes of administration, label information and instructions)
i. Spots
8

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a Experimental Pharmacology ? Graphs, Models for evaluation, Identification of a
drug, Interpretation of data
(2)
b Human Pharmacodynamics - Drug Identification ? urine analysis, eye chart, -
Subjective / objective effects of a drug

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(2)
c Therapeutic problems based on pharmaceutical factors - Outdated tablet,
Bioavailability, Dosage form, Ethics and Sources of drug information (2)
d Recognition of ADRs & interaction of commonly used drugs
(2)

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For each of the 4 groups (a, b, c & d) 2 spot questions each of 1mark to be asked.

---

Time distribution:
For prescription and criticism the time given will be ? hour.
For clinical pharmacy practical viva will be taken on pre-formed preparations and/or

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marketed formulations. The students may be asked to write labels and instructions to
be given to the patients or demonstrate how specific dosage forms are administered
and state the precautions to be taken/ explained to the patients while using them. The
time for this will be 5 min.
For spots 20 min will be given (2 min per spot).

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Thus the total time for the practical examination will be 1 hour.
f. Viva: duration and topic distribution
Viva
14 marks
Duration

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10 mins
Four examiners
5 mins with each candidate
Two examiners
for topics of paper I - systems to be distributed

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Two examiners
for topics of paper II - systems to be distributed
At each table marks will be given out of 7.

---

g. Plan for internal assessment

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The time-table for internal assessment will be as follows:
For the batches which have joined before June 2001
I term
1st midterm: After 60 teaching days (MCQs, and SAQs)
1st term ending: After 120 teaching days (Theory and Pharmacy Practicals)

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II term
2nd midterm: After 60 days of 2nd term (MCQs and SAQs)
2nd term ending: At the end of 2nd term (Theory and Practicals: Exptal/Clinical
Pharmacy)
IIIrd term

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Prelims examination on the basis of University pattern -Theory, Practicals and Viva
(Minimum 4 weeks gap mandatory between Preliminary and University examinations)
For each mid-term examination 40 MCQs (each worth 1/2 mark) will be administered
to the students along with 5 SAQs (each of 2 marks with an option of 5 out of 6). The
total time will be 1 hour and the total marks will be 30.

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The term ending examination will be of 80 marks and the nature of questions will be
as per University exam.
This will be followed by practical (total time 1? hours).
To familiarize the students with the ,,viva-voc?, the marks for the practical may be
kept at only 20, while 20 marks be reserved for viva on theory topics (total 40 marks).

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For the batches joining in June 2001 and later
I term
1st term ending: After 120 teaching days (Theory and Pharmacy Practicals)
II term
2nd term ending: At the end of the 2nd term (Theory and Practicals: Exptal/Clinical

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Pharmacy)
IIIrd term
Prelims examination on the basis of University pattern -Theory, Practicals and Viva
(Minimum 4 weeks gap mandatory between Preliminary and University examinations)
For the terminal theory examination students will be evaluated by a combination of 28

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MCQs (each worth 1/2 mark), 10 SAQs (each of 2 marks with an option of 10 out of
12) and 2 LAQs (option of 2 out of 3 each worth 8 marks). The total time allotted for
this 50 marks paper will be 2hours 30minutes.
This will be followed by practicals (total time 1? hours).
To familiarize the students with the ,,viva-voc?, the marks for the practical may be

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kept at only 20, while 20 marks be reserved for viva on theory topics (total 40 marks).

---

Prelim pattern will be as per the University exam with 2 papers in theory, each of 2
hours duration.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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FORENSIC MEDICINE AND MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE
INCLUDING TOXICOLOGY
1. Goal
The broad goal of teaching undergraduate students Forensic Medicine is to produce a
physician who is well informed about Medico-legal responsibility during his/her

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practice of Medicine. He/She will also be capable of making observations and
inferring conclusions by logical deductions to set enquiries on the right track in
criminal matters and associated medico-legal problems. He/She acquires knowledge
of law in relation to Medical practice, Medical negligence and respect for codes of
Medical ethics.

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2. Educational objectives
(a) Knowledge
At the end of the course, the student shall be able to
i. identify the basic Medico-legal aspects of hospital and general practice
ii. define the Medico-legal responsibilities of a general physician while rendering

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community service either in a rural primary health centre or an urban health centre
iii. appreciate the physicians responsibilities in criminal matters and respect for the
codes of Medical ethics
iv. diagnose, manage and identify also legal aspect of common acute and chronic
poisonings

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v. describe the Medico-legal aspects and findings of post-mortem examination in
cases of death due to common unnatural conditions and poisonings
vi. detect occupational and environmental poisoning, prevention and epidemiology of
common poisoning and their legal aspects particularly pertaining to Workmens
Compensation Act

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vii. describe the general principles of analytical toxicology
(b) Skills
A comprehensive list of skills and attitude recommended by Medical
Council of India Regulation, 1997 desirable for Bachelor of Medicine and
Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) Graduate for Forensic Medicine and

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---

Toxicology
At the end of the course, the student shall be able to
i. make observations and logical inferences in order to initiate enquiries in criminal
matters and Medico-legal problems

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a.
to be able to carry on proper Medico-legal examination and
documentation/Reporting of Injury and Age
b. to be able to conduct examination for sexual offences and intoxication
c. to be able to preserve relevant ancillary materials for medico - legal

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examination
d.
to be able to identify important post-mortem findings in common unnatural
deaths
ii. diagnose and treat common emergencies in poisoning and chronic toxicity

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iii. make observations and interpret findings at post-mortem examination
iv. observe the principles of medical ethics in the practice of his profession
(c) Integration
Department shall provide an integrated approach towards allied disciplines like
Pathology, Radiology, Forensic Sciences, Hospital Administration etc. to impart

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training regarding Medico-legal responsibilities of physicians at all levels of health
care. Integration with relevant disciplines will provide scientific basis of clinical
toxicology e.g. Medicine, Pharmacology etc.
3. Total duration of Para-clinical teaching 3 Semesters
Total 360 teaching days

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Total number of teaching hours allotted for Forensic
Medicine & Toxicology
100 hours
4. Syllabus
a. Learning methods

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Lectures, tutorials, practical demonstrations
Distribution of teaching hours

---

Didactic lectures should not exceed one third of the time schedule, two third schedule
should include Practicals, Demonstrations, Group discussions, Seminars and

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Tutorials.
Learning process should include living experiences and other case studies to initiate
enquiries in criminal matters and Medico-legal problems.
A) Theory (lectures & ..... 40
Tutorials, seminar & allied)

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..... 20
Total ..... 60
B) Practicals (including demonstrations) ..... 25
..... 15
Total ..... 40

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This period of training is minimum suggested. Adjustments whenever required,
depending on availability of time, be made.

---

b. & c. Sequential organisation of contents & their division
Topic wise distribution

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The course is designed to meet the needs of a General Practitioner and includes the
following topics:
1.
Forensic Medicine
40 Hrs

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2.
Toxicology
20 Hrs
3.
Medical Jurisprudence

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12 Hrs
4.
Legal Procedures in Medico-Legal cases
08 Hrs
5.

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Court attendance when medical
evidence is being recorded
04 Hrs
6.
Integrated approach towards

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allied disciplines
06 Hrs
7.
Tutorial and Seminars
10 Hrs

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Total: 100 Hrs
Part ? 1 Forensic Medicine: (N=40)
Contents & division
Note: Must Know (MK), Desirable to Know (DK) and `* is Nice to Know (NK)
A) DEFINITION, SCOPE RELEVANT TO SUBJECT

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1. History of Forensic Medicine
2. Need, Scope, Importance and probative value of Medical evidence in Crime
Investigation
B) PERSONAL IDENTITY NEED AND ITS IMPORTANCE.
1. Data useful for Identification of Living and Dead

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2. Age estimation and its medico-legal Importance
3. Sex determination and its medico-legal importance
4. Other methods of establishing identity: Corpus Delicti, Dactylography, Tattoo
marks, Deformities, Scars and other relevant factors
5. Identification of decomposed, Mutilated bodies and skeletal remains

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6. Medico legal aspect of *DNA fingerprinting - a brief introduction
7. Medico - legal aspect of blood and blood stains
Collection, Preservation and Dispatch of Specimen for Blood and other ancillary
material for identification and Medico-legal examination

---

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C) MECHANICAL INJURIES AND BURNS
1. Definition and classification of injuries: Abrasions, Contusions, Lacerations,
Incised and Stab injury, Firearm and Explosion injury, Fabricated and
Defence injury
2. Medico-legal aspect of injury/hurt, simple and grievous hurts, murder, Ante -

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mortem, Postmortem Wounds, Age of the injury, cause of death and relevant
sections of I.P.C., Cr.P.C.
3. Causative Weapon and appearance of Suicidal, Accidental and Homicidal
injuries
4. Physical methods of Torture and their identification

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5. Reporting on Medico-legal cases of Hurts
6. Regional injuries: Head injury, cut throat injuries and Road traffic accident
injuries
7. Thermal injuries: Injuries due to heat and cold, Frostbite, Burns, Scalds and
Bride burning

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8. Injuries due to Electricity, Lightening
Collection, Preservation and Dispatch of Specimen for Blood and other ancillary
material for Medico-legal examination
D) MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECTS OF SEX, MARRIAGE AND INFANT
DEATH

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1. Sexual Offences and perversions: Natural (Rape, Adultery, and Incest),
Unnatural (Sodomy, Bestiality and Buccal coitus) Lesbianism, perversions and
relevant sections of I.P.C. and Cr.P.C.
2. Fertility, Impotence, Sterility, Virginity, and Nullity of marriage and divorce on
Medical ground

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3. Pregnancy, Delivery, Paternity, Legitimacy, Artificial Insemination,
*Fertilisation in Vitro, *Sterilization (Family Planning Measures)
4. Abortions, Medical Termination of pregnancy, criminal abortions, Battered
Baby Syndrome, Cot deaths and relevant sections of I.P.C. and Cr.P.C., M.T.P.
Act of 1971 and foetal sex determination Act

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5. Infant death (Infanticide)
i. Definition Causes, Manners and Autopsy features
ii. Determination of age of Foetus and Infant
iii. Signs of live-born, stillborn and dead born child
Collection, Preservation and Dispatch of Specimen: Hair, seminal fluid/ stains

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and other ancillary material for medico-legal examination, examination of
seminal stains and vaginal swabs

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E) MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECTS OF DEATH
1. Definition and concept of death, stages, modes, Signs of death and its

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importance
2. Changes after death, Cooling, Hypostasis, Changes in eye, Muscle changes,
Putrefaction, Saponification, Mummification, Estimation of time since death
3. Death Certification, Proximate causes of death, causes of sudden deaths, Natural
deaths. Presumption of death and survivorship, disposal and preservation of dead

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4. Introduction to *The Anatomy Act, *The Human organ transplantation Act. 1994
5. Medico-legal aspects and findings of post-mortem examination in cases of death
due to common unnatural conditions
6. Sudden unexpected death, deaths from starvation, cold and heat and their
medico-legal importance

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7. Medico-legal aspects of death from Asphyxia, Hanging, Strangulation,
Suffocation and Drowning
F) MEDICO-LEGAL AUTOPSY
1. Autopsy: Objectives, Facilities, Rules and Basic techniques, Proforma for
reporting medico-legal autopsy

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2. Exhumation, examination of mutilated remains, Obscure autopsy and post-
mortem artifacts
Collection, preservation and despatch of material for various investigations to
Forensic Science Laboratory
G) *FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY

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1. Definition, General terminology and * Basic concept of normality and
abnormality of human behaviour, Civil and Criminal responsibility
2. Examination, Certification, restraint and admission to Mental Hospital
3. Mental Health Act ? Principles and Objectives
Part ? 2 Toxicology: (N=20)

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A) POISONS AND THEIR MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECTS
1. Definition of poison, General consideration and Laws in relation to
poisons\Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances Act, *Schedules H and L
drugs, *Pharmacy Act, Duties and responsibilities of attending physician
2. Common poisons and their classification, Identification of common poisons,

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Routes of administration, Actions of poisons and factors modifying them,
Diagnosis of poisoning (Clinical and Confirmatory) , Treatment/
Management of cases of acute and chronic poisonings
3. Addiction and Habit forming drugs, drug dependence

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4. Occupational and environmental poisoning, prevention and Epidemiology of
common poisoning and their legal aspects particularly pertaining to
Workmens Compensation Act
5. Medico-Legal aspects and findings of postmortem examination in cases of
death due to poisonings

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B) POISONS TO BE STUDIED
1. Corrosive: Euphoric Acid, Nitric Acid, Hydrochloric Acid, Carbolic Acid and
Oxalic Acid, Sodium and Potassium and Ammonium Hydro-Oxide
2. Non-metallic, Metallic Poisons and Industrial hazards: Phosphorus and
compounds of Lead, Arsenic, Mercury, Copper, and Glass powder

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3. Plant Poisons: Castor, Croton, Capsicum, Semicarpus Anacardium (Bhilawa),
Calatropis Gigantea, Abrus Precatorius (Ratti), Dhatura, Cannabis Indica,
Cocaine, Opium, Aconite, Yellow Oleander, Strychnine
4. Animal and Bacterial Poisons: Snakes, Scorpion and Food poisoning
5. Alcohol (Drunkenness) Ethyl Alcohol, Methyl Alcohol, Kerosene, Barbiturates

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6. Asphyxiant & Gaseous Poisons: Carbon Monoxide, War gases, Hydrocyanic
acid, and Cyanides
7. Insecticides, pesticides and Miscellaneous poisons: Organo-Phosphorus
Compounds, Organo-Chloro Compounds, Carbamates (Carbaryl) and
Rodenticides (Phosphides)

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Collection, Preservation and forwarding of evidence, remains of poison, body
discharges and viscera etc. to Forensic Science Laboratory in cases of poisoning
C) FORENSIC SCIENCE LABORATORY: (BRIEF)
1. Aims, objects, general knowledge about Forensic Science Laboratory
2. General principles of analytical toxicology

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Part ? 3 Medical Jurisprudence: (N=12)
A) LEGAL AND ETHICAL ASPECTS OF PRACTICE OF MEDICINE
1. The Indian Medical Council, the Act, Formation and Functions;
State Medical Council: Formation, Functions, and Registration
2. Rights and obligations of Registered Medical Practitioners and patient, Duties

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of physicians and patients, Euthanasia
3. Infamous conduct, Professional secrecy and privileged communications
4. Codes of Medical Ethics, medical etiquette, Medical Negligence and
contributory negligence, Precautionary measures and defences for Medical
Practitioners against legal actions, Medical/Doctors indemnity insurance,

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Consumer Protection Act relevant to medical practice
5. Medical Ethics and prohibition of Torture & care of Torture Victims

---

B) DEFINITION OF HEALTH AND ITEMS TO CERTIFY ABOUT HEALTH
1. Common medico-legal problems in Hospital practice, Consent in Medical

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Examination and treatment, under treatment/ Sickness and Fitness
certificate, maintenance of medical records
2. Social, Medical, Legal and Ethical problems in relation to AIDS
C) ACTS AND SCHEMES RELATED TO MEDICAL PROFESSION IN
BRIEF:

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Workmens compensation Act, * Mental Health Act, Medical Practitioner Act,
Protection of human rights Act, 1993, * National Human Rights Commission, *
Human Organ Transplantation Act and other relevant sections of I.P.C., Cr.P.C. and
I.E. Act. Maharashtra civil medical code, Hospital administration manual
Part ? 4 Legal procedures in medico-legal cases: (N=8)

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A. Medico-Legal Investigations of death in suspicious circumstances, different
Inquest, type of offences
B.
Types of Criminal courts and their powers, punishments prescribed by law,
kinds of witnesses, Evidence, Documentary Medical evidence, Dying

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declaration and Dying deposition
C. The Trial of criminal cases, Rules and Conventions to be followed by
Medical Witness at Medical evidence, subpoena, conduct money
D. Relevant Sections from the Indian Evidence Act, Indian Penal code and
Criminal Procedure code

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NOTE : Must know, desirable to know and ,, * ,, is nice to know
d. Term-wise distribution
Terms
Lectures Non ? Lectures
Pracs.

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Demos.
Tuts/Sem/Allied
I Term
15
|

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08
06
06
II Term
15

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|
10
05
06
III Term

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10
|
07
04
08

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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total
40
|
25

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15
20
This period of training is the minimum suggested. Adjustments whenever required,
depending on availability of time, be made

---

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e. Practicals (including demonstrations) : Total no.of hours & contents
Practicals will be conducted in the laboratories.
Objective will be to assess proficiency in skills, conduct of experiment, interpretation
of data and logical conclusion.
Emphasis should be on candidates capacity in making observations and logical

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inferences in order to initiate enquiries in criminal matters and medico-legal
problems.
Total Marks: 25 + 15 = 40
Contents:
Part 1 Forensic Medicine

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Report on:
1. Estimation/Certification of Age
2. Recording of fingerprints
3. Examination/Certification of the Injured
[Prescribed Forms]

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4. Examination of the Causative Agents in cases of Injuries
(e.g. Weapons, Instruments)
a. Hard and blunt weapons
b. Sharp cutting, sharp pointed and Sharp Heavy cutting weapons
c. Firearm weapons

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5. Sexual offences :
a. Examination/Certification of Victim
b. Examination/Certification of Accused
6. Examination of Foetus to opine about age
7. Examination of Bones and teeth for Medico-legal purpose to determine

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age, sex, stature, cause of death, time since death
a. Skull and Mandible
b. Scapula, Sternum and Upper limb bones
c. Sacrum and hip bone/ Pelvic bone
d. Lower limb bones

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Study of:
8. Medical certification of cause of Death as per Birth and Death
registration Act [Prescribed Forms]
9. Studies of Skiagrams for estimation of age, bony injury, foreign body, and
pregnancy

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10. Photograph of different events of Medico-legal importance and post-
mortem changes
11. Study of Various museum specimens of medico-legal significance
12. Study of Various slides of medico-legal significance
13. Demonstration of Instruments:

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a. Used in treatment of acute poisoning cases
b. Used for causing abortions
c. Used for carrying out autopsy

---

[Standard human autopsy dissection Box/set]

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Part 2 Forensic Toxicology
1.
Examination/Certification of Alcoholic [Prescribed Forms ,,A
&,,B]
2.

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Study of Common poisons:
[Sulphuric Acid, Nitric Acid, Hydrochloric Acid, Carbolic Acid and Oxalic
Acid, Sodium and Potassium Hydro-Oxide, Phosphorous, Lead, Arsenic,
Mercury, Copper, Glass powder, Castor, Croton, Capsicum, Semicarpus
Anacardium (Bhilawa), Calatropis Gigantea, Abrus Precatorius (Ratti),

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Dhatura, Cannabis Indica, Opium, Aconite, Yellow Oleander, Strychnine,
Snakes, Scorpion, Alcohol, Methyl Alcohol, Kerosene, Barbiturates, Organo-
phosphorus compounds, Organo Chloro compounds, Carbamates
(Carbaryl)] and other commonly used poisons, antidotes and preservatives
Part 3 Medical Jurisprudence

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Study of Medical Certificates [Prescribed Forms]
a.
Sickness Certificate
b.
Fitness Certificate

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c.
Certificate of Physical fitness
d.
* Medical certificate prescribed under Mental Health Act : 1987
e.

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* Medical Certificate of Sound/ Unsoundness of mind.
Part ? 4 Legal procedures in medico-legal cases
Study of the various prescribed Forms:
Consent to surgery Anaesthesia and other Medical services, Request for
sterilization, Consent to access to hospital records, Authorization for Autopsy,

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Dead body Challan used for sending a dead body for post-mortem
examination, Request for the second inquest by Magistrate on the dead body,
Provisional post-mortem certificate, Post-mortem form, Pictorial Post-
mortem form, Form for the Final cause of death, Forms for despatch of
exhibits other than the viscera to chemical analyser, Forms for despatch of Viscera

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for Histopathological Examination, Form for dispatch of viscera to chemical
analyser, Forensic Science Laboratory report form, Summons to witness.
Each student shall attend and record as a clerk
a. As many as possible cases / items of medico-legal importance
b. 10 cases of medico-legal autopsies

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Both above ,,a and ,,b should be recorded in the approved Proforma in the single
Journal. The Journal should be scrutinised by the teacher concerned and presented for
the inspection and evaluation during the university examination.
Each student shall attend the court at least 2 cases when Medical Evidence is being
recorded.

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---

f. Books recommended
1. Modis Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology
Ed. 22, 1999, by B.V. Subramanyam, Butterworth
2.

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The Essentials of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology by K.S. Narayan Reddy
3.
Parikhs Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology.
4.
Text Book of Forensic Medicine ? J.B. Mukherjii VOL 1 & 2

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5.
Principles of Forensic Medicine - A. Nandy
6.
Toxicology at a Glance by Dr S.K. Singhal
7.

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Bernard Knight et. All: Coxs Medical Jurisprudence & Toxicology
Reference books
1. Russell S. Fisher & Charles S.Petty: Forensic Pathology
2.
Keith Simpson: Forensic Medicine

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3.
Jurgen Ludwig: Current Methods of autopsy practice.
4.
Gradwohl ? Legal Medicine
5.

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A Doctors Guide to Court ? Simpson
6.
Polson C.J. : The essentials of Forensic Medicine
7.
Adelson, L.: The Pathology of Homicide.

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8.
Atlas of Legal Medicine (Tomro Watonbe)
9.
Sptiz, W.U. & Fisher, R.S.: Medico-legal Investigation of Death.
10.

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A Hand Book of Legal Pathology (Director of Publicity)
11.
Taylors Principles & Practice of Medical Jurisprudence.
Edited by A.Keith Mant, Churchill Livingstone.
12.

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Ratanlal & Dhirajlal, The Indian Penal Code; Justice Hidayatullah & V.R.
Manohar
13.
Ratanlal & Dhirajlal, The Code of Criminal procedure; Justice Hidayatullah
& S.P. Sathe

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14.
Ratanlal & Dhirajlal, The Law of Evidence; Justice Hidayatullah & V.R.
Manohar
15.
Medical Law & Ethic in India ? H.S. Mehta

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16.
Bernard Knight : Forensic Pathology
17.
Code of medical ethics : Medical Council of India, approved by Central
Government, U/S 33 (m) of IMC Act, 1956 (Oct 1970)

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18.
Krogman, W.M.: The human skeleton in legal medicine.
19.
FE Camps, JM Cameren, David Lanham : Practical Forensic Medicine
20.

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V.V. Pillay : Modern Medical Toxicology.
5. Evaluation
a. Methods
Theory, Practical & viva
b. Pattern of Theory Examination including Distribution of Marks, Questions,

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Time

---

Nature of Question Paper
Faculty with Year
: SECOND MBBS

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Subject
: FORENSIC MEDICINE & TOXICOLOGY
Paper
: --
Total Marks

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: 40
Time : 2 Hours
Section "A" (8 Marks)
Instructions:-
1) Fill (dark) the appropriate empty circle below the question number once only..

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2) Use blue/black ball point pen only.
3) Each question carries one / half mark.
4) Students will not be allotted mark if he/she overwrites strikes or put white ink on the cross
once marked.
5) Do not write anything on the blank portion of the question paper. If written anything, such type of

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act will be considered as an attempt to resort to unfair means.
Section "A" : MCQ (8 marks)
Question No.
Question Description
Division of Marks

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Total Marks
1.
Total MCQs : 16
16 X ?
08

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Section "B" & "C" (32 Marks)
Instructions:-
1) All questions are compulsory.
2) The number to the right indicates full marks.
3) Draw diagrams wherever necessary.

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4) Answer each section in the respective answerbook only. Answers written in the inappropriate
sectional answer books will not be assessed in any case.
5) Do not write anything on the blank portion of the question paper. If written anything, such type of act
will be considered as an attempt to resort to unfair means.
Section "B" : BAQ (20 Marks)

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Question No.
Question Description
Division of Marks
Total Marks
2.

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Brief answer questions
5 X 4
20
(Attempt any five out of six)
a)

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b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

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Section "C" : LAQ (12
Marks)
Question No.
Question Description
Division of Marks

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Total Marks
3.
Attempt any two out of three:
2 X 6
12

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Long answer question only
a)
b)
c)

---

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c. Topic distribution in the theory paper
Section A & C: Forensic Medicine, Toxicology, Medical Jurisprudence, Legal
Procedure
Section B:
Forensic Medicine, Toxicology and/or Medical Jurisprudence

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d. Marking scheme
As shown above
e. Nature of practicals and duration
Practicals
Marks 30

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Report on:
Six Exercises [With available resources]
Time: About 2 hrs.
1. An Injured OR Age of the child
OR An Alcoholic OR Sexual offence

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07 Marks
2. Bone OR Determination of age of Foetus
05 Marks
3. Weapon
05 Marks

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4. Certificate of Sickness, fitness OR Death.
05 Marks
5. Report on TWO Poison
04 Marks
6. Report on any TWO articles: [Skiagram OR

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Photographs OR Slides OR Museum
Specimens OR Instruments]
04 Marks
----------------------
TOTAL

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30 Marks
In respect of items 1 to 6, students will be expected to prepare their Reports as if they
would be required to submit it to the investigating authority concerned within the time
allotted, and the examiners will be assessing proficiency in skills, conduct of

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experiment, interpretation of data and logical conclusion. Emphasis should be on
candidates capacity in making observations and logical inferences in order to initiate
enquiries in criminal matters and medico-legal problems.
f. Viva : duration and topic distribution
Viva-voc?: Time: About 20 Min

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There will be TWO tables examining each student separately on the topics ,,a and ,,b.
Viva 10 marks
Duration 20 mins
Four examiners 10 mins with each candidate
Two examiners for topics a. Toxicology and Medical Jurisprudence

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Two examiners for topics b. Forensic Medicine and Legal Procedures
At each table marks given will be out of 5 and then added together (total out of 10)

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g. Plan for internal assessment
The time-table for internal assessment will be as follows:

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SCHEME OF INTERNAL ASSESSMENT WITH FREQUENCY OF
EXAMINATIONS FOR THE BATCHES WHICH HAVE JOINED BEFORE
JUNE 2001
Marks for internal assessment ,,A shall be calculated on the basis of two mid
terminals & three terminal college examinations conducted. During mid terminal

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(periodical examination) assessment should be done by MCQs of Single Best
Response type.
Marks for internal assessment ,,B shall be calculated on the basis of three
terminal college examinations (7 marks) & day-to-day class practical work and
Record (3 marks).

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Department will maintain a register for periodic evaluation of their students.
The internal assessment will be done separately for theory and practical examinations.
A total of 5 (five) examinations will be conducted as under:
FREQUENCY AND MARKING OF EXAMINATION FOR INTERNAL ASSESSMENT
Termwise distribution

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Theory/Practical (Total Marks)
I Term
One Midterm
15 / no practicals
1st Terminal

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40 / 25
II Term One Midterm
15 / no practicals
2nd Terminal
40 / 40

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III Term
One term ending Preliminary
40 / 40
SCHEME OF INTERNAL ASSESSMENT WITH FREQUENCY OF
EXAMINATION FOR THE BATCHES JOINING IN JUNE 2001 AND LATER

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I term
1st term ending: After 120 teaching days (Theory and Practicals)
II term
2nd term ending: At the end of the 2nd term (Theory and Practicals)

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III term
Prelims examination on the basis of University pattern -Theory, Practicals and Viva
(Minimum 4 weeks gap mandatory between Preliminary and University examinations)
For the terminal theory examination students will be evaluated by a combination of 28
MCQs (each worth 1/2 mark), 6 SAQs (each of 2 marks with an option of 6 out of 7)

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and 2 LAQs (option of 2 out of 3 each worth 7 marks). The total time allotted for this
40 marks paper will be 2 hours.
This will be followed by practicals (total time 1? hours). The marks for the I term
practicals will be 25 and for the II term will be 40.
To familiarize the students with the ,,viva-voc?, for the I term the marks for the

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practicals may be kept as 15, while 10 marks be reserved for viva on theory topics
(total 25 marks); for the II term the marks for the practicals may be kept as 30, while
10 marks be reserved for viva on theory topics (total 40 marks).
Prelim pattern will be as per the University exam.
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REVISED INTERNAL ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION SCHEME w.e.f. JUNE 2007 EXAMINATION
YEAR :- Second MBBS
1st Term End
2nd Term End

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Preliminary Examination
SN
Subject
Semester
Theory

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Practical
Semester
Theory
Practical
Semester Theory

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Practical
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

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(E)
(F)
1.
Pharmacology
III

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50
40
IV
50
40

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V
80
40
2.
Pathology

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III
50
40
IV
50

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40
V
80
40
3.

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Microbiology
III
50
40
IV

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50
40
V
80
40

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4.
FMT
III
20
20

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IV
20
20
V
40

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40
(B) Calculation Method:-
I) Theory Marks to be send to the University out of 15 Except FMT
=
(A)+(C)+(E)

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=
50+50+80
=
180
=

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15
12
12
12
II) Practical Marks to be send to the University out of 15 Except FMT

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=
(B)+(D)+(F)
= 40+40+40
=
120

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=
15
8
8
8

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III) For FMT Theory Marks to be send to the University out of 10
=
(A)+(C)+(E)
=
20+20+40

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=
80
=
10
8

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8
8
(B)+(D)+(F)
20+20+40
80

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IV) For FMT Practical Marks to be send to the University out of 10
=
=
=
=

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10
8
8
8

---