? Respiratory physiology
? Renal Physiology
? Endocrine Physiology
? Reproductive Physiology
? Neurophysiology (Central Nervous System and Special Senses)
Physiology Syllabus
THEORY
General Physiology (PY 1.1-1.9)
Structure and functions of a mammalian cell; Homeostasis, Intercellular communication;
Apoptosis; Transport mechanisms across cell membranes; Fluid compartments of the body; pH
& Buffer systems in the body; Evaluation of functions of the cells and products in clinical care
and research.
(16 hrs)
Components of blood: formation, regulation and functions; plasma proteins ? origin, types,
variations and functions; Hemoglobin- synthesis, variants, functions and its breakdown &
Jaundice; Blood indices; Anemia and its classification; Hemostasis: mechanism, regulation &
mechanism & regulation; ESR; Lymph-composition, circulation and functions
Nerve & Muscle Physiology: (PY 3.1 - 3.18)
(10hrs)
Neuron and neuroglia: structures, types, functions; Resting membrane potential; Action potential
injuries, degeneration and regeneration in peripheral nerve; Neuromuscular junction: structure,
transmission of impulses, neuro-muscular blocking agents, Myasthenia gravis; Muscle fibres:
structure, types & functions; Muscle contraction; molecular basis (skeletal, smooth), Isotonic Vs.
Isometric, Energy sources and metabolism, gradation of muscle activity; muscle dystrophy,
Gastrointestinal Physiology: (PY 4.1 - 4.10)
(10hrs)
Functional anatomy and broad functions of digestive system, enteric nervous system; GI
Secretions- composition, mechanism of secretion, functions, and regulation of saliva, gastric,
pancreatic, intestinal juices and bile secretion; GI movements- types, regulation, functions,
regulation, functions; Gut-brain axis; structure and functions of liver and gall bladder; gastric
function tests, pancreatic exocrine function tests & liver function tests, Pathophysiology -
Achalasia cardia, peptic ulcer, gastro oesophageal reflux disease, vomiting, diarrhoea,
constipation, Adynamic ileus, Hirschsprung's disease.
Cardiovascular Physiology: (PY 5.1 - 5.16)
(25hrs)
Functional anatomy of heart; Pacemaker tissue and conducting system-generation, conduction of
cardiac impulse; Properties of cardiac muscle; Cardiac cycle; ECG- recording, normal ECG, uses,
Haemodynamics; Heart rate- factors affecting, regulation; Cardiac output- factors, regulation,
measurement; Blood pressure- components, determinants, factors, regulation and applied aspect,
Regional circulation- autoregulation, microcirculation, lymphatic circulation, coronary, cerebral,
capillary, skin, fetal, pulmonary and splanchnic circulation; Pathophysiology- shock, syncope,
Respiratory Physiology: (PY 6.1-6.10)
(12hrs)
Functional anatomy of respiratory tract, dead space; Mechanics of respiration; Pressure volume
changes during ventilation; Lung volume and capacities; Alveolar surface tension; Compliance;
respiratory gases- Oxygen and Carbon dioxide; Neural and chemical regulation of respiration;
Physiology of high altitude and deep sea diving; Principles of artificial respiration, oxygen
therapy; Patho-physiology of dyspnoea, hypoxia, cyanosis, asphyxia, drowning, periodic
breathing; Lung function tests & its clinical significance
(10hrs)
Structure and functions of kidney & juxta glomerular apparatus, role of renin-angiotensin system
; Renal blood flow; Mechanism of urine formation, concentration and diluting mechanism;
Concept and significance of `clearance' tests; Renal regulation of fluid and electrolytes & acid-
cystometry, and its abnormalities; Artificial kidney(dialysis) and renal transplantation; Renal
Function Tests
Endocrine Physiology: (PY 8.1 - 8.6) (16 hrs)
Mechanism of action of steroid, protein and amine hormones; Synthesis, secretion, transport,
gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas and hypothalamus; Physiology
of bone and calcium metabolism; Physiology of growth; Physiology of Thymus & Pineal Gland;
Hormone function tests ; Obesity & metabolic syndrome; Stress response
Reproductive Physiology: (PY 9.1 - 9.12)
Sex determination; sex differentiation and their abnormalities; Puberty: onset, progression,
stages;
early
and
puberty;
Male
reproductive
system:
of
71
testis, spermatogenesis and its regulation, Cryptorchidism ; Female reproductive system:
functions of ovary and its control, menstrual cycle: Hormonal, uterine and ovarian changes; Tests
Effects of removal of gonads on physiological functions; Physiology of pregnancy, fetoplacental
unit, pregnancy tests, parturition & lactation; Semen analysis; Causes and principles of
management of infertility; Hormonal changes and their effects during perimenopause and
menopause; Psychological and psychiatric disturbances associated with reproductive
Neurophysiology: (PY 10.1 - 10.20)
(37 hrs)
Organization of nervous system; Sensory system: types, functions and properties of synapse,
receptors, reflex; Somatic sensations & sensory tracts; Physiology of pain; Motor system:
organization, motor tracts, mechanism of maintenance of tone, control of voluntary movements ;
system ; Spinal cord: functional organization and lesions ; Formation, circulation and function of
CSF; Blood brain barrier; Neurotransmitters.
Organization, connections and functions of cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus,
hypothalamus, cerebellum and limbic system and their abnormalities; Higher mental functions ;
Special senses- Smell and taste sensation and their abnormalities; Functional anatomy of ear and
auditory pathways & physiology of hearing, Deafness, hearing tests; Functional anatomy of eye,
Image formation, Visual pathway and its lesions, Physiology of vision including acuity of vision,
colour vision, field of vision, refractive errors, physiology of pupil; light reflex, accommodation
Integrated Physiology: (PY 11.1 - 11.14)
(6 hrs)
Temperature regulation: mechanism, adaptation to altered temperature (heat and cold
environment), mechanism of fever, cold injuries and heat stroke; Exercise- cardio-respiratory and
metabolic adjustments during exercise (isotonic and isometric), exercise in heat and cold, physical
Infancy*; Physiology of aging-free radicals and antioxidants*; Physiology of meditation*.
(* `Non-core' competencies as per "Competency based Undergraduate Curriculum for the Indian
Medical Graduate 2018: Medical Council of India").
PRACTICAL
The following list of practical is minimum and essential. Additional exercises can be included as
and when feasible and required. All the practicals have been categorized as 'Procedures to be
performed' and 'Demonstrations'. The procedures are to be performed by the students during
practical classes to acquire skills. These would be included in the practical during University
72
? Renal Physiology
? Endocrine Physiology
? Reproductive Physiology
? Neurophysiology (Central Nervous System and Special Senses)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
? Integrated PhysiologyPhysiology Syllabus
THEORY
General Physiology (PY 1.1-1.9)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(8 hrs)Structure and functions of a mammalian cell; Homeostasis, Intercellular communication;
Apoptosis; Transport mechanisms across cell membranes; Fluid compartments of the body; pH
& Buffer systems in the body; Evaluation of functions of the cells and products in clinical care
and research.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Hematology: (PY 2.1 - 2.13)(16 hrs)
Components of blood: formation, regulation and functions; plasma proteins ? origin, types,
variations and functions; Hemoglobin- synthesis, variants, functions and its breakdown &
Jaundice; Blood indices; Anemia and its classification; Hemostasis: mechanism, regulation &
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
disorders Anticoagulants; Blood groups, blood banking and transfusion; Immunity: types,mechanism & regulation; ESR; Lymph-composition, circulation and functions
Nerve & Muscle Physiology: (PY 3.1 - 3.18)
(10hrs)
Neuron and neuroglia: structures, types, functions; Resting membrane potential; Action potential
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
in nerve, skeletal & smooth muscle; Nerve fibres: classification, functions & properties; nerveinjuries, degeneration and regeneration in peripheral nerve; Neuromuscular junction: structure,
transmission of impulses, neuro-muscular blocking agents, Myasthenia gravis; Muscle fibres:
structure, types & functions; Muscle contraction; molecular basis (skeletal, smooth), Isotonic Vs.
Isometric, Energy sources and metabolism, gradation of muscle activity; muscle dystrophy,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Myopathies; Strength-duration curveGastrointestinal Physiology: (PY 4.1 - 4.10)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(10hrs)
Functional anatomy and broad functions of digestive system, enteric nervous system; GI
Secretions- composition, mechanism of secretion, functions, and regulation of saliva, gastric,
pancreatic, intestinal juices and bile secretion; GI movements- types, regulation, functions,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
reflexes; role of dietary fibres; Digestion and absorption of nutrients; GI hormones- source,regulation, functions; Gut-brain axis; structure and functions of liver and gall bladder; gastric
function tests, pancreatic exocrine function tests & liver function tests, Pathophysiology -
Achalasia cardia, peptic ulcer, gastro oesophageal reflux disease, vomiting, diarrhoea,
constipation, Adynamic ileus, Hirschsprung's disease.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
70Cardiovascular Physiology: (PY 5.1 - 5.16)
(25hrs)
Functional anatomy of heart; Pacemaker tissue and conducting system-generation, conduction of
cardiac impulse; Properties of cardiac muscle; Cardiac cycle; ECG- recording, normal ECG, uses,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
cardiac axis, Abnormal ECG in common arrhythmias, changes with hypertrophy & MI;Haemodynamics; Heart rate- factors affecting, regulation; Cardiac output- factors, regulation,
measurement; Blood pressure- components, determinants, factors, regulation and applied aspect,
Regional circulation- autoregulation, microcirculation, lymphatic circulation, coronary, cerebral,
capillary, skin, fetal, pulmonary and splanchnic circulation; Pathophysiology- shock, syncope,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
heart failure & coronary artery diseaseRespiratory Physiology: (PY 6.1-6.10)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(12hrs)
Functional anatomy of respiratory tract, dead space; Mechanics of respiration; Pressure volume
changes during ventilation; Lung volume and capacities; Alveolar surface tension; Compliance;
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Airway resistance; alveolar ventilation, V/P ratio; Diffusion capacity of lungs; Transport ofrespiratory gases- Oxygen and Carbon dioxide; Neural and chemical regulation of respiration;
Physiology of high altitude and deep sea diving; Principles of artificial respiration, oxygen
therapy; Patho-physiology of dyspnoea, hypoxia, cyanosis, asphyxia, drowning, periodic
breathing; Lung function tests & its clinical significance
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Renal Physiology: (PY 7.1 - 7.9)(10hrs)
Structure and functions of kidney & juxta glomerular apparatus, role of renin-angiotensin system
; Renal blood flow; Mechanism of urine formation, concentration and diluting mechanism;
Concept and significance of `clearance' tests; Renal regulation of fluid and electrolytes & acid-
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
base balance; Structure and innervation of urinary bladder, physiology of micturition,cystometry, and its abnormalities; Artificial kidney(dialysis) and renal transplantation; Renal
Function Tests
Endocrine Physiology: (PY 8.1 - 8.6) (16 hrs)
Mechanism of action of steroid, protein and amine hormones; Synthesis, secretion, transport,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
physiological actions, regulation and effect of altered (hypo and hyper) secretion of pituitarygland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas and hypothalamus; Physiology
of bone and calcium metabolism; Physiology of growth; Physiology of Thymus & Pineal Gland;
Hormone function tests ; Obesity & metabolic syndrome; Stress response
Reproductive Physiology: (PY 9.1 - 9.12)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(10hrs)Sex determination; sex differentiation and their abnormalities; Puberty: onset, progression,
stages;
early
and
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
delayedpuberty;
Male
reproductive
system:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
functionsof
71
testis, spermatogenesis and its regulation, Cryptorchidism ; Female reproductive system:
functions of ovary and its control, menstrual cycle: Hormonal, uterine and ovarian changes; Tests
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
for ovulation; Physiological effects of sex hormones; Contraceptive methods for male and female;Effects of removal of gonads on physiological functions; Physiology of pregnancy, fetoplacental
unit, pregnancy tests, parturition & lactation; Semen analysis; Causes and principles of
management of infertility; Hormonal changes and their effects during perimenopause and
menopause; Psychological and psychiatric disturbances associated with reproductive
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
physiology.Neurophysiology: (PY 10.1 - 10.20)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(37 hrs)
Organization of nervous system; Sensory system: types, functions and properties of synapse,
receptors, reflex; Somatic sensations & sensory tracts; Physiology of pain; Motor system:
organization, motor tracts, mechanism of maintenance of tone, control of voluntary movements ;
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Posture and equilibrium & vestibular apparatus; Reticular activating system, Autonomic nervoussystem ; Spinal cord: functional organization and lesions ; Formation, circulation and function of
CSF; Blood brain barrier; Neurotransmitters.
Organization, connections and functions of cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus,
hypothalamus, cerebellum and limbic system and their abnormalities; Higher mental functions ;
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Physiology of sleep, memory, learning and speech and their disorders; EEG.Special senses- Smell and taste sensation and their abnormalities; Functional anatomy of ear and
auditory pathways & physiology of hearing, Deafness, hearing tests; Functional anatomy of eye,
Image formation, Visual pathway and its lesions, Physiology of vision including acuity of vision,
colour vision, field of vision, refractive errors, physiology of pupil; light reflex, accommodation
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
reflex, dark and light adaptation; Auditory & visual evoked potentialsIntegrated Physiology: (PY 11.1 - 11.14)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(6 hrs)
Temperature regulation: mechanism, adaptation to altered temperature (heat and cold
environment), mechanism of fever, cold injuries and heat stroke; Exercise- cardio-respiratory and
metabolic adjustments during exercise (isotonic and isometric), exercise in heat and cold, physical
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
training effects; Physiological consequences of sedentary lifestyle; Brain death; Physiology ofInfancy*; Physiology of aging-free radicals and antioxidants*; Physiology of meditation*.
(* `Non-core' competencies as per "Competency based Undergraduate Curriculum for the Indian
Medical Graduate 2018: Medical Council of India").
PRACTICAL
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
The following list of practical is minimum and essential. Additional exercises can be included as
and when feasible and required. All the practicals have been categorized as 'Procedures to be
performed' and 'Demonstrations'. The procedures are to be performed by the students during
practical classes to acquire skills. These would be included in the practical during University
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
examination. Those categorized as `Demonstrations' are to be shown to students during practical72