Download NEET PG 2019 Question Paper with Answers

1.Syndromeassociatedwithposterior
inferiorcerebellararterythrombosis:
a)Wallenbergsyndrome
b)Medialmedullarysyndrome
c)Inferioralternatingsyndrome

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Dejerinesyndrome
CorrectAnswer-A
AnswerA.Wallenbergsyndrome
Wallenbergsyndromeisalsoknownaslateralmedullarysyndrome
ortheposteriorinferiorcerebellararterysyndrome.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Wallenbergdescribedthefirstcasein1895.
Thisneurologicaldisorderisassociatedwithavarietyofsymptoms
thatoccurasaresultofdamagetothelateralsegmentofthe
medullaposteriortotheinferiorolivarynucleus.
Itisthemosttypicalposteriorcirculationischemicstrokesyndrome

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

inclinicalpractice.
Etiology:
Wallenbergsyndromeiscausedmostcommonlyby
atherothromboticocclusionofthevertebralartery,followedmost
frequentlybytheposteriorinferiorcerebellarartery,andleastoften,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

themedullaryarteries.
Hypertensionisthecommonestriskfactorfollowedbysmokingand
diabetes.
Medialmedullarysyndrome,alsoknownasinferioralternating
syndrome,hypoglossalalternatinghemiplegia,loweralternating

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

hemiplegia,orDejerinesyndrome,isatypeofalternatinghemiplegia

---

characterizedbyasetofclinicalfeaturesresultingfromocclusionof
theanteriorspinalartery.

---

2.SpaceofDisseisin:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Spleen
b)Lymphnode
c)Liver
d)Bone
CorrectAnswer-C

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans.C.Liver
Theperisinusoidalspace(orspaceofDisse)isalocationintheliver
betweenahepatocyteandasinusoid.
Itcontainsthebloodplasma.
Microvilliofhepatocytesextendintothisspace,allowingproteins

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

andotherplasmacomponentsfromthesinusoidstobeabsorbedby
thehepatocytes.

---

3.WhatareGittercells:
a)Macroglia

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)ModifiedmacrophagesinCNS
c)Astrocytes
d)Oligodendrocytes
CorrectAnswer-B
AnswerB.ModifiedmacrophagesinCNS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Gittercells:
Thesecellsaremacrophagesandbecauseoftheirappearancethey
arecalled"Gittercells".
Theylookthiswaybecausetheyarelipid-laden.
Thesemacrophagesarethoughttobemainlyderivedfrom

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

circulatingbloodmonocytes,butsomeprobablyoriginatefrom
residentmicroglia.
Anytimethereisparenchymaldamage(e.g.inflammation,
infarction,parasitemigration)thesecellswillphagocytoselipidfrom
degeneratedmyelinandcellulardebris.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Theselipid-ladenmacrophagesmigratetotheperivascularspaces

---

andleavetheCNSviathebloodorCSF.

---

4.Cholecystocavallineseparates:
a)Right&Leftliverlobe
b)LiverwithGallBladder

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)RightLobeofLiverwithGallBladder
d)LeftLobeofLiverwithGallBladder
CorrectAnswer-A
AnswerA.Right&Leftliverlobe
Functionallobesandsegmentsoftheliver

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thefunctionalrightandleftlobesoftheliverareseparatedbyan
imaginaryplanepassingalongtheflooroffossaforgallbladderand
thegrooveforinferiorvenacava(cholecysto-cavalline).
Ontheanterosuperiorsurfaceoftheliver,theplanepasseslittle
righttotheattachmentoffalciformligament.Thefunctionalrightand

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

leftlobesoftheliveraremoreorlessofequalsize.

---

5.Whichofthefollowingexocrineglandular
ductsarenotobstructedincysticfibrosis:
a)Pancreas
b)Lung

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Sweatgland
d)Allofabove
CorrectAnswer-C
AnswerC.Sweatgland
MostCFpatientshave3distinctabnormalcharacteristics:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Theductsofthemucus-secretingglandsareobstructedduetoan
increaseinviscosityofthesesecretionsleadingtoglandular
dilatationanddestruction.
CFpatientsarepronetochronicbacterialcolonizationand
infections.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ThesweatglandsarenotobstructedinCFpatientsbecausein
serousglandssuchassweatglandsthereareabnormal
concentrationsofinorganicions,ratherthanglandularobstruction
withthickmucus.
Thequantitativepilocarpineiontophoresissweattestisauniformly

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

acceptedmethodfordiagnosingCF.Thesweatglandductsmustbe
patentforthistest.
Obstructionofairwaysleadstobronchiectasisandatelectasis;
pancreaticductobstructionleadstopancreatitisandmalabsorption;
andpluggingofbileductsleadstoobstructivejaundice.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

6.BootshapeofheartinTOFisdueto:
a)Leftatrialenlargement
b)Rightatrialenlargement
c)Rightventricularhypertrophy
d)Biventricularhypertrophy

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-C
AnswerC.Rightventricularhypertrophy
Bootshapedheart.A`boot-shaped'heart("coeurensabot"in
French)isthedescriptiongiventotheappearanceofthehearton
plainfilminsomecasesofTetralogyofFallot.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Itdescribestheappearancesofanupturnedcardiacapexdueto
rightventricularhypertrophyandaconcavepulmonaryarterial
segment.

---

7.Whichofthefollowingstructureisnot
derivedfromexternalobliquemuscle:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Inguinalligament
b)Lacunarligament
c)Cooperligament
d)LineaSemilunaris
CorrectAnswer-D

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

AnswerD.LineaSemilunaris
Theexternalobliquemuscle(oftheabdomen)(alsoexternal
abdominalobliquemuscle)isthelargestandtheoutermostofthe
threeflatmusclesofthelateralanteriorabdomen.
Inguinalligament(Poupart'sligament)isthefoldedlowerborderof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

externalobliqueaponeurosis
Lacunarligament(Gimbernatligament)isthecrescentshaped
expansionfromthemedialendofinguinalligamentattachedto
pectineallineofpubis.
Pectinealligament(Cooper'sligament)isstrongfibrousband

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

extendinglaterallyfromthelacunarligamentalongpectineallineof
pubis.Similartolacunarligament,itismadeofexternaloblique
aponeurosis.
Reflectedpartofinguinalligamentextendsfromthelateralcrusof
superficialinguinalringformedbyinguinalligamentupwardstolinea

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

alba.Itformstheposteriorwallofinguinalcanal.
Thelineasemilunaris(alsosemilunarlineorSpigelianline)isa
curvedtendinousintersectionfoundoneithersideoftherectus
abdominismuscle.

---

8.Contralaterallossofpainandtemperature

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

isduetoinjuryto:
a)Anteriorspinothalamictract
b)Lateralspinothalamictract
c)Fasciculusgracilis
d)Fasciculuscuneatus

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-B
AnswerB.Lateralspinothalamictract
Damagetolateralspinothalamictractleadstolossofpainand
temperatureontheoppositesideofthebodybelowthelevelof
lesion,sincetheneuronsofthistractcrossestotheoppositesidein

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

thespinalcord.
Anteriorspinothalamictractcarriescrudetouchandpressure
sensations.Fasciculusgracilisandfasciculuscuneatuscarries
consciousproprioception,finetouch,stereognosisandvibration
sensations.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

9.DuctofBelliniarepresentin:
a)Pancreas
b)Liver
c)Kidney

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Salivarygland
CorrectAnswer-C
AnswerC.Kidney
Papillary(collecting)ductsareanatomicalstructuresofthekidneys,
previouslyknownastheductsofBellini.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Papillaryductsrepresentthemostdistalportionofthecollecting
duct.
Theyreceiverenalfiltrate(precursortourine)fromseveralmedullary
collectingductsandemptyintoaminorcalyx.

---

10.Structurederivedfromfirstpharyngeal

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

arch:
a)Levatorpalatini
b)Buccinator
c)Stylohyoid
d)Anteriorbellyofdigastric

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-D
AnswerD.Anteriorbellyofdigastric
MESODERMALDERIVATIVESOFPHARYNGEALARCHES
Muscular
Skeletal

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Pharyngealarch
Nerve
contributions
contributions
Maxilla

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Zygomaticbone
Partoftemporal
Mylohyoid
andvomer,
Musclesof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

sphenoid,
mastication
Mandibular
Ist(also
mandible

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Anteriorbellyof
divisionof
called"mandibular
Meckel's
digastric

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

TrigeminalNerve
arch")
cartilage:-Malleus,
Tensorveli
(V3).

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

incus
palatini
Anteriorligament
Tensortympani ofmalleus
Sphenomandibular

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ligament
Reichert's
cartilage,stapes
Stapedius
(exceptfootplate)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Stylohyoid

---

Posteriorbellyof Styloidprocess
IInd(alsocalled
digastric
Stylohyoid

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Facial
the"hyoidarch")
Facial
ligament
expression

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Smallercornuof
muscles
hyoid
Superiorpartof
bodyofhyoid

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Greatercornuof
hyoid
IIIrd
Stylopharyngeus
Glossopharyngeal

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Lowerpartofbody
ofhyoid
Cartilageoflarynx
Pharyngeal
exceptarytenoids Superiorlaryngeal

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

IVth
muscles
superior
branchofVagus
Cricothyroid

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

parathyroids,
epiglotticcartilage
Recurrent
Intrinsicmuscles Arytenoidcartilage laryngeal
VIth

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

oflarynx(except oflarynx
nerve(branchof
cricothyroid)
vagus)

---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

11.Jointinvolvedinmovementofheadfrom
lefttoright.
a)Atlantoaxial
b)Atlantooccipital
c)C2-C3Joint

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)C3-C4Joint
CorrectAnswer-A
AnswerA.Atlantoaxial
Atlanto-occipital(betweenskullandC1)jointpermitsnoddingof
head(aswhenindicatingapprovalorYES)andAtlanto-axialjoint

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

permitstheheadtobeturnedfromsidetoside(asindicating
disapprovalorNO).

---

12.Whatisthenervesupplyof
Submandibulargland:
a)Auriculotemporalnerve

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Lingualnerve
c)Glossopharyngealnerve
d)Inferioralveolarnerve
CorrectAnswer-B
AnswerB.LingualNerve

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thesubmandibularglandsreceiveautonomicinnervationthrough
parasympatheticandsympatheticfibres,whichdirectlyandindirectly
regulatesalivarysecretionsrespectively.
Parasympathetic
Parasympatheticinnervationoriginatesfromthesuperiorsalivatory

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

nucleusthroughpre-synapticfibres,whichtravelviathechorda
tympanibranchofthefacialnerve(CNVII).
Thechordatympanithenunifieswiththelingualbranchofthe
mandibularnerve(CNVIII)beforesynapsingatthesubmandibular
ganglionandsuspendingitbytwonervefilaments.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Post-ganglionicinnervationconsistsofsecretomotorfibreswhich
directlyinducetheglandtoproducesecretions,andvasodilator
fibreswhichaccompanyarteriestoincreasebloodsupplytothe
gland.Increasedparasympatheticdrivepromotessalivasecretion.

---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Sympathetic
Sympatheticinnervationoriginatesfromthesuperiorcervical
ganglion,wherepost-synapticvasoconstrictivefibrestravelasa
plexusontheinternalandexternalcarotidarteries,facialarteryand
finallythesubmentalarteriestoentereachgland.Increased

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

sympatheticdrivereducesglandularbloodflowthrough
vasoconstrictionanddecreasesthevolumeofsalivarysecretions,
resultinginamoremucusandenzyme-richsaliva.

---

13.Parathyroidglandisimplantedinwhich
muscle?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Sartorius
b)Supinator
c)Deltoid
d)Brachioradialis
CorrectAnswer-D

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

AnswerD.Brachioradialis
Parathyroidsurgery:Autotransplantation
Themostcommonplacesforauto-implantationofparathyroid
glandsarethebrachioradialismuscleandthepresternalregion.
Otherlocationscanalsobeused:thesternocleidomastoid,the

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

subcutaneoustissueofupperlimbsandabdominalfat.

---

14.Rightcoronaryarteryarisesfrom?
a)RightAorticSinus
b)LeftAorticSinus
c)Posteriorcoronarysinus

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Anteriorcoronarysinus
CorrectAnswer-A
AnswerA.RightAorticSinus
RCAarisesfromanterioraorticsinusakaRightaorticsinus.
LCAarisesfromleftposterioraorticsinus.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

15.Bainbridgerefluxcauses?
a)Bradycardia
b)Increasedcardiacoutput
c)Decreasedvenousreturn
d)Increasedheartrate

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-D
Ans:D.Increasesheartrate.
BainbridgeReflex:
Positivefeedbackmechanismwithcompensatoryincreaseinheart
rate?Duetoriseinrightatrialpressure.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Commonlyreferredtoas"atrialreflex".
Resultingfromincreasedbloodpressureorincreaseddistensionof
largesystemicveins&rightupperchamberofheart.

---

16.Golgitendonorganresponsiblefor?
a)Tension

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Length
c)Pressure
d)Proprioception
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans:A.Tension.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Differencebetweenfunctionsofmusclespindle&golgitendon
organ:
Musclespindle:
Actsas"Musclelengthdetectors".
Alsodetectsrateofchangeinmusclelength.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Golgitendonorgan:
Actsas"Muscletensiondetectors".
Alsodetectsrateofchangeinmuscletension.
Becauseoflocationofmusclespindle&golgitendonorgan.
Musclespindleareparalleltomusclefibers(extrafusalfibers).

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Golgitendonorganinseriestomusclefibers(extrafusalfibers).
Yet,Bothareactivatedbymusclestretch.

---

17.Hormonepredominatelysecretedafter14
dayonendometriumis?
a)Progesterone

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Estrogen
c)LH
d)FSH
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans:A.Progesterone.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Eventsofovariancycle:
Bleedingcontinuesforabout4days.
By5thday,ovarianfollicleissufficientlydeveloped.
Secretesconsiderablequantitiesofestrogen.
Duringpre-ovulatoryphase:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Estrogeninfluencesendometrialproliferativechanges.
Hence,"Preovulatoryphaseofuterinecycle"alsoreferred
"Proliferativephase".
Duringpost-ovulatoryphase:
Endometriumenterssecretoryphase.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Hence,"Postovulatoryphaseofuterinecycle"alsoreferred
"Secretoryphase".
Duetocombinedactionofestrogen&progesterone.
Progesterone:
Moreimportant&responsibleforsecretorychanges.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Peakson21stday.
Endofsecretoryphase:
Estrogen-primedendometrium.
Degenerationofcorpusluteumdeclinesestrogen&progesterone
levels.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

Resultsinwithdrawalbleeding?Menstruation.

---

18.Peripheralchemoreceptorsrespondto
hypoxiausingwhichchannel?
a)Calciumchannel
b)Sodiumchannel

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Potassiumchannel
d)Chloridechannel
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans:C.Potassiumchannel.
Carotidbodiesarecomposedofglomuscells(alsocalledtypeI),

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

whichareofneuronalphenotypeandcontainavarietyof
neurotransmitters.
Glomuscellsareinfunctionalcontactwiththeafferentnerve
endings.
Glomuscellsareinitialsite(s)ofsensorytransduction.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Hypoxiareleasestransmitter(s)fromglomuscells,whichinturnby
depolarizingthesensorynerveendingleadstoanincreasein
sensorydischarge.
OnehypothesisassumesthataK+-channelproteinisanO2sensor
andthathypoxiadepolarizesglomuscellsbyinhibitingtheK+

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

channel,leadingtoanincreaseincytosolicCa2+,resultingin
transmitter(s)release.

---

19.Withincreaseinagewhichofthe
followingistrueforlungs?
a)Pulmonarycomplianceincreases

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Residualvolumedecreases
c)Mucocillaryclearanceincreases
d)Fibrousofinterstitiumdreaseses
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans:A.Pulmonarycomplianceincreases

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Anatomicalandphysiologicalchangesofrespiratorysystem
withaging:
Anatomical:
Airspacesize:Increased
Compliance:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Chestwallcompliance:Decreased
Lungcompliance:Increasedtounchanged
Totalrespiratorysystemcompliance:Decreased
Musclestrength:
Maximalinspiratorypressure(MIP):Decreased

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Transdiaphragmaticpressure(Pdi):Decreased
Maximumvoluntaryventilation(MVV):Decreased
Lungfunction:
FEV1:Decreased
FVC:Decreased

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

TLC:Unchanged
Vitalcapacity:Decreased
Functionalresidualcapacity:Increased
Residualvolume:Increased
DLCO/VA:Decreased

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

Exercisecapacity:
VO2max:Decreased
Deadspaceventilation:Increased
Immunology:
Bronchialfluid:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Neutrophils%:Increased
RatioofCD4+/CD8+cells:Increased
Epithelialliningfluidantioxidants:Decreased.

---

20.Functionalresidualvolumeis?
a)Afternormalinspiration

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Afternormalexpiration
c)Afterforcefulexpiration
d)Afterforcefulinspiration
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans:A.Afternormalinspiration

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FunctionalResidualCapacity(FRC)isthevolumeofairpresentin
thelungsattheendofpassiveexpiration.

---

21.Polyuriais-
a)70ml/kg
b)60ml/kg

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)50ml/kg
d)40ml/kg
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans:C.50ml/kg
Consideredpolyuricifurineproductionisgreaterthan50ml/kg/day.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

22.Tubuloglomerularfeedbackcontrolis
usefulforwhichoneofthefollowing?
a)GFR
b)Plasmasodium
c)Plasmavolume

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Determiningtubularsecretion
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans:A.GFR.
Tubuloglomerularfeedback?Twocomponents:
*Afferentarteriolefeedbackmechanism

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-Usuallyreferredas"Tubuloglomerularfeedback"
*Efferentarteriolefeedbackmechanism.
Afferentarteriolarfeedbackmechanism:
*Transmitterinvolved?AdenosinecausingCa2+channelopening.
Efferentarteriolarfeedbackmechanism:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

*Activatesrenin-angiotensinsystemgeneratingangiotensinII
efferentarterioleconstriction?edGFR.
*Feedbackdependsonjuxtaglomerularapparatus&itsspecialized
cells.
-Maculadensa?Specializedepitheliumofdistaltubuleinclose

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

contactwithafferentarteriole

---

23.Calcitoninlevelsincreasedin
a)Hyperthyroidism
b)Hyperparathyroidism
c)Hypoparathyroidism

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)CushingSyndrome
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans:B.Hyperparathyroidism
Theserumcalcitoninlevelisstronglyincreasedinthistypeof
cancer.Aftersuccessfultotalthyroidectomy,calcitoninisno

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

longerdetectable.Increasingconcentrationsofcalcitoninafter
therapyindicaterelapseormetastasis.Hyperparathyroidismis
presentin20-30%ofpatientswithmedullarthyroidcarcinoma.

---

24.WhenthevaluesofFev1=1.3&FCV=3.9.
Whichofthefollowingdoesthissignify?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Normallungfunction
b)Obstructivelungdisease
c)Restrictivelungdisease
d)Both
CorrectAnswer-B

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans:B.Obstructivelungdisease
Measurementofthebronchodilatorresponseofforcedexpiratory
volumein1second(FEV1)isanimportantmethodinclinical
respiratorymedicine.
Thismeasurementisusedtopredicttheresponsetobronchodilator

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

treatmentandispartofthediagnosisofCOPDandasthma.
Thebronchodilatorresponseofforcedvitalcapacity(FVC)hasless
clinicalusethanthebronchodilatorresponseofFEV1butmayadd
importantclinicalphysiologicalinformation
AirwayobstructionwasdefinedasFEV1/FVCratiobelowlowerlimit

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ofnormal(LLN)beforebronchodilation,andCOPDwasdefinedas
anFEV1/FVCratiobelowLLNafterbronchodilation.

---

25.Antegradeperistalsisdueto?
a)Ach
b)Serotonin

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)SubstanceP
d)VIP
CorrectAnswer-D
Ans:D.VIP
Definedasamotorpatternofthegutorganmusculaturethatcan

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

propelcontentintotheanal(antegradeperistalsis)ororal
(retrogradeperistalsis)direction.
Impulsestravelingoradactivateascendingcontraction:
Neurotransmittershereareacetylcholine,substanceP,and
neurokininA.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Impulsestravelingcaudadactivatedescendingrelaxation:
NeurotransmittershereareVIP,NO,andPACAP(pituitaryadenylyl
cyclaseactivatingpolypeptide).

---

26.C-peptideseenin?
a)InPre-proinsulin

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)InProinsulin
c)Asacombinedentitywithinsulinaftersecretion
d)Agastrointestinalproactivemolecul
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans:B.Inproinsulin

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Synthesisofinsulin:
Synthesizedaslargerpreprohormone(Pre-proinsulin)enteringER.
Removalof23amino-acidsignalpeptidetakesplace.
Convertedto"Prohormone-Proinsulin".
Proinsulinstructure:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MadeupA&Bchain,connectedbyC-peptide/chain.
C-peptide?
Detachedfromgranulesbeforesecretion.
90%?97%insulinfromBcells.
AlongwithequimolaramountsofC-peptide.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

27.Inforcefulexpiration,whichofthe
followingneuronsgetsfired?
a)VRG
b)DRG
c)Pneumotaxiccentre

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Chemoreceptors
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans:A.VRG
Medullaryrespiratorygroup:
Principalareasinmedullaoblongataconcernedwithrespiratory

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

regulation.
Includes,
Dorsalrespiratorygroup(DRG).
Ventralrespiratorygroup(VRG).
Pre-Botzingercomplex.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Peripheralinputs.
Dorsalrespiratorygroup(DRG):
DRGneurons?
Mainlyconcernedwithinspiration.
Descend&terminateonspinalmotorneuronsinnervatingprimary

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

inspiratorymuscles.
I.e.,Diaphragm&Externalintercostalmuscles.
Ventralrespiratorygroup(VRG):
VRGneurons?
Mainlyconcernedwithforcefulexpiration.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Minimalactivitiesw.r.tinspiration.
Contributestobothexpiration&inspiration.

---

28.Slowconductionvelocityisseenwith
whichofthefollowingnervefibers?
a)Preganglionicautonomicnervefibers

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Postganglionicautonomicnervefibers
c)Motornerves
d)Sympatheticnervefibers
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans:B.Postganglionicautonomicnervefibers

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Erlanger&Gasserclassification:
Cfiber?Characteristics:
Diameter?0.2-1.0
Myelination?Unmyelinated
Conduction?0.2-2(minimum)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Functions:
Pain?Slowpain("Protopathic/Secondpain)
Temperature
Pressure
Postganglionicautonomicfibers.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Highsusceptibilityto:Localanesthetics

---

29.Testosteronesecretedby,
a)Leydig'scells.
b)Somatotropiccells.
c)Acidophiliccells.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Gonadotropiccells
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans:A.Leydig'scells.
Thehypothalamussendsasignaltopituitaryglandtorelease
gonadotrophicsubstances(folliclestimulatinghormoneand

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

luteinizinghormone).
Luteinizinghormone(LH)stimulatestestosteroneproduction.
Testosteroneisproducedbygonads(byLeydigcellsintestesin
men&byovariesinwomen).

---

30.Vasopressinactsthroughwhichchannels

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

incollectingduct?
a)Aquaporin1
b)Aquaporin2
c)GLUT?
d)GLUT?4

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-B
Ans:B.Aquaporin2
Principalcellsofcollectingductcontainaregulatedsystemofwater
channelsantidiuretichormone(ADH,alsocalledarginine
vasopressin,AVP).

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ADHcontrolspermeabilityofthesecellstowaterbyregulating
insertionofpre-formedwaterchannels(aquaporin-2,AQP2)into
apicalmembrane.

---

31.Trueaboutdecorticaterigidity?
a)Removalofcerebralcortexandbasalganglia

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Flexionoflowerlimbs&extensionofupperlimbs
c)Rigidityislesspronouncedthandecerebraterigidity
d)Noneoftheabove
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans:C.Rigidityislesspronouncedthandecerebraterigidity.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Decorticaterigidity:
Madebyremovingwholecerebralcortexbutleavingbasalganglia
intact.
Characterizedbyflexionofupperextrimitiesatelbow&extensionof
lowerextrimities.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Flexionduetorubrospinaltractexcitationofflexorsinupper
extremities&hyperextensionoflowerextermity.
Decorticateanimaldoesnothaveintensehypertoniaasdecerebrate
animal.
Duetointactbasalgangliaindecorticateanimal.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

32.Zewellgersyndroneisduetoabsenceof
a)Lysosomal
b)Mitochondria
c)Peroxisome
d)Nucleus

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-C
Answer.C.Peroxisome
Zellwegersyndrome,alsocalledcerebrohepatorenalsyndrome,isa
rarecongenitaldisordercharacterizedbythereductionorabsence
offunctionalperoxisomesinthecellsofanindividual.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Zellwegersyndromeisassociatedwithimpairedneuronalmigration,
neuronalpositioning,andbraindevelopment.
Inaddition,individualswithZellwegersyndromecanshowa
reductionincentralnervoussystem(CNS)myelin(particularly
cerebral),whichisreferredtoashypomyelination.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

33.Urea,creatinine,nitricoxideformedby
whichaminoacid
a)Histidine
b)Glycine
c)Cysteine

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Arginine
CorrectAnswer-D
Answer:D.Arginine
Arginine,asemiessentialorconditionallyessentialaminoacidin
humans,isoneofthemostmetabolicallyversatileaminoacids.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Itservesasaprecursorforthesynthesisofurea,nitricoxide,
polyamines,proline,glutamate,creatine,andagmatine.

---

34.Whichofthefollowingisnotthesourceof
cytosolicNADPH?
a)Isocitratedehydrogenase

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)ATPcitratelyase
c)Malicenzyme
d)G6PD
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer.B.ATPcitratelyase

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

NADPHisacofactorusedinanabolicreactions,suchaslipidand
nucleicacidsynthesis,whichrequireNADPHasareducingagent.
ThemajorsourceofNADPHinanimalsandothernon-
photosyntheticorganismsisthepentosephosphatepathway.
Thekeyenzymesintheseprocessesare:NADP-linkedmalic

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

enzyme,NADP-linkedisocitratedehydrogenase,NADP-linked
glutamatedehydrogenaseandnicotinamidenucleotide
transhydrogenase.

---

35.AllaretrueregardingmitochondrialDNA,
EXCEPT?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Doublestranded
b)Inheritedfrommother
c)Highmutationrate
d)Allrespiratoryproteinsaresynthesizedwithinmitochondria
itself

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-D
Answer.D.Allrespiratoryproteinsaresynthesizedwithin
mitochondriaitself
MtDNAisorganizedasacircular,covalentlyclosed,double-
strandedDNA.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Insexualreproduction,mitochondriaarenormallyinherited
exclusivelyfromthemother;themitochondriainmammaliansperm
areusuallydestroyedbytheeggcellafterfertilization.
MutationsofmitochondrialDNAcanleadtoanumberofillnesses
includingexerciseintoleranceandKearns?Sayresyndrome(KSS),

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

whichcausesapersontolosefullfunctionofheart,eye,andmuscle
movements.

---

36.Whichapolipoproteinisresponsiblefor
Alzeihmersdisease
a)APOE4

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)APOE3
c)APOE2
d)APOE1
CorrectAnswer-A
ANSWER.A.APOE4

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ThreecommonpolymorphismsintheAPOEgene,e2,e3,ande4,
resultinsingleaminochangesintheApoEprotein.
Thee4alleleofapolipoproteinE(APOE)isthemajorgeneticrisk
factorforAlzheimer'sdisease(AD).
thedifferentialeffectsofapoEisoformsonA?aggregationand

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

clearanceplaythemajorroleinADpathogenesis.
Inparticular,APOEe4isassociatedwithincreasedriskforAD,
whereasAPOEe2isassociatedwithdecreasedrisk.

---

37.HyperammonaemiainhibitTCAcycleby
depleting?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)succinate
b)aketoglutarate
c)malate
d)fumarate
CorrectAnswer-B

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer:B.aketoglutarate
Theureacycleandthecitricacidcycleareindependentcyclesbut
arelinked.
Todetoxifyammoniainhyperammonemia,moreglutamateis
required.Thisglutamateisformedfromc-ketoglutarate.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a-ketoglutarate?Transamination?glutamate+NH4+?glutamine.
Thusexcessivea?ketoglutarateisconsumedleadingtodecrease
availabilityofa?ketoglutarateforTCAcycle

---

38.whichaminoacidisusedtosynthesise
Nitricoxide?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)glycine
b)arginine
c)tyrosine
d)threonine
CorrectAnswer-B

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ANSWER:B.Arginine
Nitricoxideisproducedbyagroupofenzymescallednitricoxide
synthases.Theseenzymesconvertarginineintocitrulline,producing
NOintheprocess.OxygenandNADPHarenecessaryco-factors.
threedistinctgenesencodeNOSisozymes:neuronal(nNOSor

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

NOS-1),cytokine-inducible(iNOSorNOS-2)andendothelial(eNOS
orNOS-3)

---

39.Menkesdiseaseisassociatedwithwhich
enzymedeficiency.
a)lysyloxidase

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Methioninesynthase
c)Glutamylaminopeptidase
d)Lysylhydroxylase
CorrectAnswer-A
Answers:A.lysyloxidase

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Oneoftheenzymes,lysyloxidase,requirescopperforproper
function.Thisenzymecross-linkstropocollagenintostrongcollagen
fibrils.
Menkesdisease(MNK),alsoknownasMenkessyndrome,isanX-
linkedrecessivedisordercausedbymutationsingenescodingfor

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

thecopper-transportproteinATP7A,leadingtocopperdeficiency.
Thedecreasedsupplyofcoppercanreducetheactivityofnumerous
copper-containingenzymes.
Thesearenecessaryforthestructureandfunctionofbone,skin,
hair,bloodvesselsandthenervoussystemsuchaslysyloxidase.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

40.LCATdeficiencyincreasesthefollowing
a)HDL
b)LDL
c)VLDL
d)Chylomicron

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-A
Answer:A.HDL
Lecithincholesterolacyltransferasedeficiency(LCATdeficiency)isa
disorderoflipoproteinmetabolism.
AdeficiencyofLCATcausesaccumulationofunesterified

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

cholesterolincertainbodytissues.Cholesteroleffluxesfromcellsas
freecholesterolandistransportedinHDLasesterifiedcholesterol.
LCATistheenzymethatesterifiesthefreecholesterolonHDLto
cholesterolesterandallowsthematurationofHDL.
LCATistheenzymethatesterifiesthefreecholesterolonHDLto

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

cholesterolesterandallowsthematurationofHDL.LCATdeficiency
doesnotallowforHDLmaturationresultinginitsrapidcatabolismof
circulatingapoA-1andapoA-2.TheremainingformofHDL
resemblesnascentHDL.

---

41.A25yearoldalcoholicpresentedwith

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

edema,hypertension,ocular
disturbance,andchangesinmentalstate
wasobserved,diagnosisofhighoutput
cardiacfailurewasmadewithWetBeri
Beri,thisisduetodeficiencyof?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)VitB3
b)VitB6
c)VitB9
d)VitB1
CorrectAnswer-D

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer:D.VitB1
Wetberiberiisthetermusedforthiaminedeficiencywith
cardiovascularinvolvement.
Inthefirststage,peripheralvasodilationoccurs,leadingtoahigh
cardiacoutputstate.Thisleadstosaltandwaterretentionmediated

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

throughtherenin-angiotensin-aldosteronesysteminthekidneys.
Amorerapidformofwetberiberiistermedacutefulminant
cardiovascularberiberi,orShoshinberiberi.
Thepredominantinjuryistotheheart,andrapiddeterioration
followstheinabilityoftheheartmuscletosatisfythebody's

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

demandsbecauseofitsowninjury.
Inthiscase,edemamaynotbepresent.Instead,cyanosisofthe
handsandfeet,tachycardia,distendedneckveins,restlessness,
andanxietyoccur.

---

42.GlutamineisIncreaseinCSF,bloodand

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

urine,thisisduetodeficiencyof
a)CPS-I
b)Arginase
c)OTC
d)Argininosuccinatesynthetase

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-A
Answer:A.CPS-I
CPSIdeficiencyisoneoftheproximalureacycledefectsandisdue
toacompleteorpartialdeficiencyofthemitochondrialenzyme
carbamylphosphatesynthetaseI(CPSI)whichproducescarbamyl

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

phosphatefromammonia,ATP,andHCO3.
CarbamoylphosphatesynthetaseI(CPS1orCPSI)transfersan
ammoniamoleculefromglutamineorglutamatetoamoleculeof
bicarbonatethathasbeenphosphorylatedbyamoleculeofATP.
Theresultingcarbamateisthenphosphorylatedwithanother

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

moleculeofATP.Theresultingmoleculeofcarbamoylphosphate
leavestheenzyme.
CPS-Iistheratelimiting(pacemaker)enzymethispathway.
CPS-IisactiveonlyinthepresenceofN-AcetylGlutamate,an
allostericactivator.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

43.Trueabouttype1diabetesmellitus
a)Decreasedproteincatabolism
b)DecreasedhepaticGlucoseoutput
c)Increasedlipolysis
d)Increaseglucoseuptake

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-C
Answer:C.Increasedlipolysis
Uncontrolledinsulin-dependentdiabetesmellitus(typeIdiabetes)
involvesdecreasedglucoseutilization,withhyperglycemia,and
increasedfattyacidoxidation.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Increasedfattyacidoxidationleadstoexcessiveproductionof
acetoaceticand3-hydroxybutyricacidsandofacetone,whichare
knownasketonebodies.
2.Acetoaceticand3-hydroxybutyricacidsdissociateatbodypHand
releaseHleadingtoametabolicacidosis.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LCATistheenzymethatesterifiesthefreecholesterolonHDLto
cholesterolesterandallowsthematurationofHDL.
LCATdeficiencydoesnotallowforHDLmaturationresultinginits
rapidcatabolismofcirculatingapoA-1andapoA-2.Theremaining
formofHDLresemblesnascentHDL.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

44.ProteinwhichisnotsynthesisedInliveris
a)Phaseprotein
b)Immunoglobulins
c)Albumin
d)Plasmahormone

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-B
Answer:B.Immunoglobulins
Theliverservesseveralmetabolicfunctionswithinthebody
includingproteinsynthesisandmetabolism.Theliverisresponsible
foranarrayofproteins.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Immunoglobulinsaresynthesisedinplasmacellswhicharebelieved
tobeendproductsofthedifferentiationofcellscalledB-
lymphocytes.
Theliverplaysacrucialroleintheproductionofnearlyallplasma
proteins(albumin,alpha-1-acidglycoprotein,majorityofcoagulation

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

cascade,andfibrinolyticpathways).
Notableexceptionsinclude:globulins,factorIII,IV,VIII.
Proteinsproducedbytheliver:proteinS,proteinC,proteinZ,
plasminogenactivatorinhibitor,antithrombinIII.VitaminK
dependentproteinssynthesizedbytheliverinclude:FactorsII,VII,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

IX,andX,proteinSandC.

---

45.typeofcholesterolpresentingallstones?
a)Amorphouscholesterolmonohydrate.
b)Amorphouscholesteroldihydrate.
c)CrystallineCholesteroldihydrate.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Crystallinecholesterolmonohydrate.
CorrectAnswer-D
Answer:D.Crystallinecholesterolmonohydrate.
Gallstonesarehardeneddepositsofdigestivefluidthatcanformin
yourgallbladder.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Themostcommontypeofgallstone,calledacholesterolgallstone,
oftenappearsyellowincolor.Thesegallstonesarecomposed
mainlyofundissolvedcholesterol.
Precipitationofsolidcholesterolcrystalsfromsupersaturatedbile
hasanessentialroleincholesterolgallstoneformation.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Gallstonesarecomposedprincipallyofcholesterolmonohydrate
crystals(cholesterolstones)ortheacidsaltofcalciumbilirubinate
(pigmentstones).
Whenbileisconcentratedinthegallbladder,itcanbecome
supersaturatedwiththesesubstances,whichthenprecipitatefrom

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

thesolutionasmicroscopiccrystals.Thecrystalsaretrappedin
gallbladdermucus,producinggallbladdersludge.

---

46.collagenpresentinskinis
a)TypeII
b)TypeI

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)TypeIII
d)TypeIV
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer:B.TypeI
Collagenisaproteinthatispartofcartilage,bone,andothertissues

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

inanimalsandhumans.
Asthemaincomponentofconnectivetissue,itisthemostabundant
proteininmammals.
Collagenconsistsofaminoacidswoundtogethertoformtriple-
heliceslofelongatedfibrils.Itis,mostly,foundinfibroustissues

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

suchastendons,ligaments,andskin.
Sofar,28typesofcollagenhavebeenidentifiedanddescribed.
Thefivemostcommontypesare:
TypeI:skin,tendon,vasculature,organs,bone(maincomponentof
theorganicpartofbone)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

TypeII:cartilage(maincollagenouscomponentofcartilage)
TypeIII:reticulate(maincomponentofreticularfibers),commonly
foundalongsidetypeI.
TypeIV:formsbasallamina,theepithelium-secretedlayerofthe
basementmembrane.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

TypeV:cellsurfaces,hair,andplacenta

---

47.whichofthefollowingisnotRibozyme?
a)PloyApolymerase
b)Ribonuclease
c)Transpeptidase

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)PeptidylTransferase
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer:A.PloyApolymerase
Polyadenylationistheadditionofapoly(A)tailtoamessengerRNA.
Thepoly(A)tailconsistsofmultipleadenosinemonophosphates;in

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

otherwords,itisastretchofRNAthathasonlyadeninebases.
polyadenylationispartoftheprocessthatproducesmature
messengerRNA(mRNA)fortranslation.It,therefore,formspartof
thelargerprocessofgeneexpression.

---

48.Type-Ihyperlipoproteinemiais

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

characterizedby
a)ElevatedLDL
b)ElevatedHDL
c)Elevatedchylomicrons
d)Elevatedlipoproteinlipase

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-C
AnswerC.Elevatedchylomicrons
Lipoproteinlipasedeficiency(TypeIhyperlipoproteinemia)results
inincreasedlevelofchylomicrones.
Lipoproteinlipasedeficiencyisageneticdisorderinwhichaperson

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

hasadefectivegeneforlipoproteinlipase,whichleadstoveryhigh
triglycerides,whichinturncausesstomachpainanddepositsoffat
undertheskin,andwhichcanleadtoproblemswiththepancreas
andliver,whichinturncanleadtodiabetes.
Thedisorderonlyoccursifachildacquiresthedefectivegenefrom

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

bothparents(itisautosomalrecessive).Itismanagedbyrestricting
fatindiettolessthan20g/day.
Thediseaseoftenpresentsininfancywithcolickypain,failureto
thrive,andothersymptomsandsignsofthechylomicronemia
syndrome.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Theconditionhasalsobeencalledfamilialchylomicronemia
syndrome,chylomicronemia,chylomicronemiasyndrome.and
hyperlipoproteinemtypeIa.

---

49.InKreb'scycleandUreacyclethelinking
aminoacidis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Fumarate
b)Alanine
c)Arginine
d)Aspartate
CorrectAnswer-D

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer:D.Aspartate
Aspartatehelpsincondensationwithcitrullinetoformargino
succinicacid.
ArginosuccinicacidundergoesalyticreactiontoformArginineand
fumarate.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

oxaloacetate,theketoacidobtainedfromaspartateisintermediate
ofTCAcycle.
HenceaspartateisacommonintermediateofTCAcyclethrough
oxaloacetateandureacycle(directly)

---

50.VitaminAisstoredin

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)CellsofIto
b)Hepatocyte
c)Endothelialcell
d)Kupffercell
CorrectAnswer-A

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

AnswerA?CellsofIto
HSCs(hepaticstellatecells)(alsocalledvitaminA-storingcells,
lipocytes,interstitialcells,fat-storingcellsorItocells)existinthe
spacebetweenparenchymalcellsandliversinusoidalendothelial
cellsofthehepaticlobuleandstore50-80%ofvitaminAinthe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

wholebodyasretinylpalmitateinlipiddropletsinthecytoplasm.

---

51.Glanzmannthrombastheniaisdueto
a)DecreasedGpIb
b)DecreasedGpIIb/IIIa
c)Anti-GpIIb/IIIaantibodies

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)InhibitionordeficiencyofADAMTS13
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.is.b.DecreasedGpIIb/IIIa
Glanzmannthrombastheniaisanautosomalrecessivedisorder.
ThereisafailureofprimaryplateletaggregationwithADPor

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

collagenduetoinheriteddeficiencyoftwoplateletsmembrane
glycoproteins.
ItiscausedduetodeficiencyofglycoproteinIIb-IIIa.

---

52.Apoptoticgeneis-
a)Bax

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Bcl2
c)Bclx
d)Mcl
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer-B.Bcl2

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

RegulationisprimarilybytheBcl-2familyofgeneslocatedon
chromosome18.
Somemembersofthisfamilylikebak,bid,bin,Bcl-xs(toremember,
Sforstimulatingapoptosis)stimulateapoptosiswhereasotherslike
Bcl-2,Bcl-xl(toremember,Lforlowerapoptosis),etcinhibit

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

apoptosis.
Genefamiliessuchascaspases,inhibitorofapoptosisproteins,B
celllymphoma(Bcl)-2familyofgenes,tumornecrosisfactor(TNF)
receptorgenesuperfamily,orp53geneareinvolved,and/or
collaborateintheprocessofapoptosis.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

53.Alphaoneantitrypsinworksby
a)inhibitionoftrypsin
b)inhibitionoftrypsinogen
c)inhibitionofelastase
d)inhibitionofchymotrypsin

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C(inhibitionofelastase)
Explanation-Alpha-1antitrypsin(A1AT)isproducedintheliver,and
oneofitsfunctionsistoprotectthelungsfromneutrophilelastase,
anenzymethatcandisruptconnectivetissue.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

54.Whichoneofthefollowingisan
autosomalrecessivedisorder?
a)Albinism
b)Huntington'ssyndrome
c)Marfan'ssyndrome

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Neurofibromatosis-1
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer-A.Albinism
Explanation-Albinismiscausedbymutationsinoneofseveral
genes,andmosttypesareinheritedinanautosomalrecessive

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

manner.

---

55.FishmouthappearanceofvalveinRHDis
dueto-
a)Ruptureofvalve
b)Calcification&fibrosis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Hypertrophyofventricularwall
d)Noneoftheabove
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer-B.Calcification&fibrosis
Inrheumaticheartdisease,anautoimmuneattackonthemitral

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

valveproducesthickeningofthevalveleaflets.Themitralvalveis
oftendescribedashavinga"fish-mouth"appearance.

---

56.Follicularlymphomapositivity?
a)Bcl-1
b)Bcl-6

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Bcl-2
d)Noneoftheabove
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C.Bcl-2
Atranslocationbetweenchromosome14and18resultsinthe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

overexpressionofthebcl-2gene.Asthebcl-2proteinisnormally
involvedinpreventingapoptosis,cellswithanoverexpressionofthis
proteinarebasicallyimmortal.Thebcl-2geneisnormallyfoundon
chromosome18,andthetranslocationmovesthegeneneartothe
siteoftheimmunoglobulinheavychainenhancerelementon

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

chromosome14.

---

57.whatisthehistologicaldifference
betweentheminUlcerativecolitis&
Crohn'sdisease?
a)Diffusedistributionofpseudopolyps

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Mucosaledema
c)Cryptabscess
d)Lymphoidaggregatesinthemucosa
CorrectAnswer-C
differencesbetweenulcerativecolitisandCrohn'sdiseaseareas

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

follows:
ulcerativecolitis
Crohnsdisease
commonsite ileocolitiswithrectalsparing
procolitis,rectum

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

protective
Smoking
nofactors
factor
Appendicectomy

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

antibioticduringthefirst
commonrisk
antibioticduringthefirst
yearoflife,turner
factors

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

yearoflife,turnersyndrome
syndrome
-Methyldopa,Wiskott?
riskfactor
OCP,Smoking

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

AldrichSyndrome,
Tcellinvolved
TH1
TH2
Earliest

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Erythematousmucosa
macroscopic
AphthousUlcer
withafinegranular
finding

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

surface
Wallinvolved
Transmural
mucosa&submucosa
Pseudopolyp

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

lesscommon
mostcommon
typeofulcer
serpentine
Collar-buttonulcers

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

cobblestone
present
notpresent

---

cobblestone
present

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

notpresent
appearance
skinlesions
seen
notseen

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Creepingfat
seen
notseen
non-caseatinggranuloma
Granuloma

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

notseen
seen
classical-perinatal
Fistula
notseen

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

(enterocutaneous)
strictures
common
notcommon
Toxic

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

notseen
seen
megacolon
Cryptabscess
and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

lessmarked
moremarked
destruction
Rosethorn
seen

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

notseen
appearance
Pyloricmetaplasiaisa
metaplasia
panethcellmetaplasia

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

clinicalmarker
Renalcalculi
calciumoxalate
notpresent
uveitis,migratory

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

polyarthritis,sacroiliitis,
ankylosing
Extraintestinal
spondylitis,erythema
SimilartoCrohndisease

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

manifestations nodosum,clubbing,Primary
sclerosing
cholangitis
Named
TrueLoveWitt's

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

criteriato
--------
criteria-UC
assess
theseverity

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

58.Whatisthecauseofintracorpuscular
defectsinhemolysis?
a)Uremicsyndrome
b)PCH

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)PNH
d)Portalhypertension
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C.PNH

---

59.Typeofnecrosisseeninbloodvessels

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

duetoimmunereactions-
a)Coagulation
b)Liquefaction
c)Fibrinoid
d)None

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C(Fibrinoid)
Insmallvesselvasculitis,fibrinplugsfrequentlyoccurinthevessel
lumen,butthetermfibrinoidisusuallyusedtorefertomaterial
outsidethelumenofavessel.Fibrinoidnecrosisalsooccursinthe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

wallsofarteriolesinmalignanthypertension.

---

60.Inapatientwithlipoproteinlipase
deficiency,whichofthefollowingis
increasedfollowingafattymeal?
a)Chylomicron

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)LDL
c)HDL
d)Apo-A
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer-A.Chylomicron

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Lipoproteinlipasedeficiency(TypeIhyperlipoproteinemia):isarare,
autosomalrecessivedisordercausedbyadeficiencyoflipoprotein
lipase.Resultinginfastingchylomicronemiaand
hypertriglycerolemia.Thereisslowclearanceofchylomicronsand
VLDL.LowlevelsofLDLandHDL.Thereisnoincreasedriskof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

coronarydisease.

---

61.InWilson'sdisease,thereislessurinary
excretionof-
a)Phosphorus
b)Methyl-Histidine

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Phosphotyrosine
d)Serine
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer-B.Methyl-Histidine
EssentialsofDiagnosis&TypicalFeaturesofWilsondisease:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Acuteorchronicliverdisease
Deterioratingneurologicstatus
Kayser-Fleischerrings
Elevatedlivercopper
Abnormalitiesinlevelsofceruloplasminandserumandurine

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

copper.

---

62.WhatisthefunctionofIL1?
a)Enhanceshematopoiesis
b)Stimulatesmastcells
c)Hasantiviralproperties

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Endogenouspyrogen
CorrectAnswer-D
Answer-D(Endogenouspyrogen)
wasformerlyknownaslymphocyte-activatingfactor(LAF).
augmentstheactivityofmanycelltypes,especiallyTcells.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

isanendogenouspyrogen(EP).
inducesanincreaseinacutephasereactants.
isaheat-stableandpH-stablepeptidewithamolecularweightof
17.5kd.
occursintwoforms:IL-1?andIL-1?.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

63.CEAPscoreindicates-
a)Atrialdisorders
b)Venousdisorder
c)Neurologicaldisorde
d)Traumadisorder

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-B
Answer-B.(Venousdisorder)
ComprehensiveClassificationSystemforChronicVenousDisorders
(CEAP)
CEAPclassificationofchronic

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Clinicalclassification
venousdisease
C3
Edema
C4a

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Pigmentationoreczema
Lipodermatosclerosisor
C4b
athrophieblanche
C5

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Healedvenousulcer

---

64.IL-1activatedby-
a)Capsase1
b)Capsase3
c)Capsase8

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Capsase5
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer-A(Capsase1)
ThetwoinflammatorycytokinesactivatedbyCaspase-1are
excretedfromthecelltofurtherinducetheinflammatoryresponsein

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

neighboringcells.

---

65.Parotidmassmixedconsistency
a)Pleomorphicadenoma
b)Sebaceouscyst
c)Dermoidcyst

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)All
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer-A(Pleomorphicadenoma)
Itisalsoknownas"Mixedtumor,salivaryglandtype",whichrefers
toitsdualoriginfromepithelialandmyoepithelialelementsas

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

opposedtoitspleomorphicappearance.

---

66.Krabbe'sdiseaseis-
a)DeficiencyofBeta-galactosylcermidase
b)Deficiencyofarylsulphatase
c)Alphagalactosidase

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Acidlipase
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer-A(DeficiencyofBeta-galactosylcermidase)
KrabbediseaseiscausedbymutationsintheGALCgenelocated
onchromosome14(14q31),whichisinheritedinanautosomal

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

recessivemanner.MutationsintheGALCgenecauseadeficiency
ofanenzymecalledgalactosylceramidase.

---

67.Whatisthechoiceoftreatmentfor
idiopathicthrombocytopeniapurpura
(ITP)?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Bloodtransfusion
b)Spontaneousrecovery
c)IVinfusion
d)Splenectomy
CorrectAnswer-D

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer-D(Splenectomy)
BeneficialeffectsofsplenectomyinchronicITPareduetoboth
removalofthemajorsiteofplatelet
destructionandthemajorsourceofautoantibodysynthesis.

---

68.Fluoroquinoloneswithmaximum

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

bioavailabilityis?
a)Moxifloxacin.
b)Gatifloxacin.
c)Levofloxacin
d)Ciprofloxacin

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-C
Ans.C.Levofloxacin.
Pharmacokineticsoffluoroquinolones:
Goodoralbioavailability(exceptnorfloxacin).
Levofloxacin-100%bioavailability.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Multivalentcationsinterferewithabsorption(liketetracycline).

---

69.Mechanismofactionofbuspironeis?

a)5HT1Apartialagonism.
b)5HT1Bantagonism.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)5HT1Bpartialagonism.
d)5HT2Cantagonism.
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.HT1Apartialagonism
5HT1A:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

*Presynapticautoreceptor.
*Modulatesserotoninrelease.
Partial5HT1Aagonists:
*Buspirone,isapirone,gepirone.
*Usefulasanti-anxietydrug.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

70.Whichstatementbestdescribes
mechanismofactionofazole?
a)Synthesisofergosterol
b)Thymidylatesynthase
c)TargetingBeta-1,3?glucan

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Disruptionofcellwall.
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.Synthesisofergosterol
Inhibitionof14a-lanosteroldemethylase,akeyenzymeinergosterol
biosynthesis?resultingindepletionofergosterol&accumulationof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

toxic14a-methylatedsterolsinmembranesofsusceptibleyeast
species?Destructionoffungus.

---

71.Whichisthefollowingisorallyactive
directXainhibitor?
a)Rivaroxaban

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Agrataban
c)Dabigatran
d)Bilverudin
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.a.Rivaroxaban

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Rivaroxaban,apixaban&edoxabanarefactorXainhibitors.
Dabigatranetexilateisdirectthrombininhibitor.

---

72.Whichamongthefollowingismost
probablereasonforpreferenceof
Cisatracuriumoveratracurium?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Decreasedhistaminerelease
b)Increasedhistaminerelease
c)DuetoeliminationbyHofmannelimination
d)IncreasedCNStoxicity

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.Decreasedhistaminerelease
Cisatracurium:
*UndergoesHofmannelimination.
*Doesnotprovokehistaminerelease?Hence,preferredover

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

atracurium.
*Noeffectonheartrate/BP/nilautonomiceffect.
*Produceslesslaudanosinethanatracurium?Hence,lessCNS
toxicity(seizures).

---

73.Whichofthefollowingdrugisusedin

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

SIADH?
a)Tolvapatan
b)Desmopressin
c)Vwbfactor
d)Terlipressin

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.Tolvaptan
Tolvaptan:
*Vasopressinantagonists.
*OrallyactivenonpeptideselectiveV2receptorantagonist.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

*MetabolizedbyCYP3A4?Notgiventopatientsreceivingthis
isoenzymeinhibitor.
*Givenoncedaily.
*t?:6?8hours.
Actions:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

*Increasesfreewaterclearancebykidney(aquaretic).
*CorrectslowerplasmaNa+levels.
Uses:
*Usefulforhyponatremiatreatment.
*HyponatremiacausedbyCHF,cirrhosisofliverorsyndromeof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

inappropriateADHsecretion(SIADH).
Sideeffect:
*Thirst&drymouth(mostfrequent).
*Fever,G.I.upset&hyperglycaemia.

---

74.DrugactingonK+channelsincludewhich

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ofthefollowing?
a)Spironolacton
b)Amiloride.
c)Nicorandil
d)Methyldopa

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-C
Ans.C.Nicorandil
Nicorandil:
Cardioprotectivepotassiumchannelopener.
Causesischemicpreconditioning&coronarydilation?Byactivating

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

myocardialATPsensitiveK+channels.
AlsopossessesNO-releasingproperty.
Usefulinangina.

---

75.Imipenem,anewerantibioticwithabroad
antibacterialspectrum,iscoadministered

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

withcilastatin.Whichofthefollowingis
thebestreasonforthesame?
a)CombinationofantibioticsissynergisticagainstPseudomonas
specie
b)Cilastatinaidsgastrointestinalabsorptionofactivemoiety,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

imipenem
c)Cilastatininhibitsbeta=lactamaseenzymedestroyingimipenem
d)Cilastatininhibitsanenzymeinkidneydestroyingimipenem
CorrectAnswer-D
Ans.D.Cilastatininhibitsanenzymeinkidneydestroying

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

imipenem
Imipenem-cilastatin0.5gi.v.6hourly(max4g/day).
Effectiveinserioushospital-acquiredrespiratory,urinary,abdominal,
pelvic,skin&softtissueinfectionsincludingneutropenic,cancer&
AIDSpatients.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ForPs.aeruginosainfections,itshouldbecombinedwith
gentamicin.

---

76.DOCforsmokingcessation?
a)Acamprosate
b)Varenicline

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Thalidomide
d)Tryptophan
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.B.Varenicline(IfBupropionisnotanoption)
Anti-smokingdrugs:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Bupropion(alongwithVarenicline&Nicotinereplacementtherapy)
isaUSFDAapprovedfirst-lineagentforpharmacotherapyin
smokingcessation.
Varenicline:
Effectiveagentsforsmokingcessation.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Syntheticdrugwithpartialagonistactionat4?2nicotinicreceptors.
Hasantagonistpropertiespersistingduetolonghalf-life&high
receptoraffinity.
Hence,preventsstimulanteffectofnicotineat
presynaptic4?2nicotinicreceptors-->resultsindopaminerelease.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

77.DOCforCyclosporiasis?
a)Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazolecombination
b)Paromomycin
c)Metronidazole
d)Cyclosporin

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.Trimethoprimandsulfamethoxazolecombination.
CombinationoftrimethoprimwithsulfamethoxazoleisDOCfor
cyclosporiasis&Isosporiasis(Protozoalinfection).

---

78.Mechanismofactionofcurarelikedrugs?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)BlocksAChsynthesis
b)BlocksAChreceptors
c)Persistentdepolarization
d)AgonisticwithAchreceptors
CorrectAnswer-B

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans.B.BlocksAChreceptors
Tubocurarine,Cisatracurium,Rocuronium:Competitiveantagonistat
nAChreceptorsmainlyatNMjunction.
d-tubocurarine:
Obsoleteclinicalusage.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PrototypeNMblocker.
Longeractingisoquinolinederivative.
MOA:Actspredominantlyatnicotinicreceptorsiteblockingtheir
receptors?Bycompetingwithacetylcholine(competitive
antagonism).

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

79.Adrugwithhighplasmabindingprotein
propertyhaswhichofthefollowing
properties?
a)LessGFR
b)Lessdruginteraction

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Highervolumeofdistribution
d)Lesstubularsecretion
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.LesserGFR
Onlyfreedrugscanbefilteredthroughglomerulus.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Hence,PPBdecreasesGFR.
Tubularsecretionisanenergyrequiringcarriermediatedactive
transport.
hence,PPBdonotinterferewithtubularsecretion.

---

80.MechanismofactionofOseltamivir?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Proteinsynthesisinhibitor
b)Thymidylatesynthetaseinhibitor
c)Neuraminidaseinhibitor
d)Pyrimidineanalogs.
CorrectAnswer-C

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans.C.Neuraminidaseinhibitor
Neuraminidaseinhibitors:
Analogsofsialicacid.
InterfereswithreleaseofprogenyinfluenzaA&Bvirusfrominfected
hostcells.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Competitively&reversiblyinteractwithactiveenzymesite?>
resultinginclumpingofnewlyreleasedinfluenzavirionstoeach
other&tomembraneofinfectedcell.

---

81.Trueaboutcolchicinesis/are?
a)Actsbyneutrophilrecruitment

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Causesmetaphasearrest
c)Usefulinurate-loweringtherapy
d)Alloftheabove
CorrectAnswer-D
Ans.D.Alloftheabove.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Colchicine:
MOA:
Actsbyinhibitinggranulocytemigrationintoinflamedjoint.
Depolymerizationofmicrotubulesleadstoneutrophilrecruitmentto
inflamedtissue?Alteringneutrophilmotility.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Decreasessecretionofchemotacticfactors&superoxideanionsby
activatedneutrophils.
Causesmetaphasearrest.
Mostcommon&doselimitingtoxicity:
Diarrhea.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Alsocausekidneydamage,myopathy&bonemarrowdepression.
Indications:
Asarate-loweringtherapy(dailycolchicines)suppressingattacks
precipitatedbyabruptserumuricacidchanges.

---

82.Whichofthefollowingdrugisalpha2

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

agonist?
a)Apraclonidine
b)Timolol
c)PGanalogues
d)Verampamil

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.Apraclonidine
Apraclonidine?Selectivealpha2agonist.
Usefulinglaucoma.
Alphaagonists(Brimonidineandapraclonidine)arecontraindicated

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

inhypertensivecrisis.
Dipivefrinisaprodrugwhichisconvertedintoepinephrineinsidettre
eyeUall,socansafelybeusedinhypertension.

---

83.DrugtodifferentiateMyastheniagravis
fromcholinergiccrisis?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Pyridostgmine
b)Edrophonium
c)Methacholine
d)Clonidine
CorrectAnswer-B

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans.B.Edrophomium.
Edrophonium?Usedasadiagnostictestformyasthenia.
Steps:
2mgdoseinjectedintravenously.
Ifnoreactionoccursafter45seconds,anadditional8mg

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

administered.
Ifthepatienthasmyastheniagravis,animprovementinmuscle
strengthlastingforabout5minutesusuallyobserved.

---

84.ConversionofNorepinephrineto
epinephrineismainlyby?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)S-adenosylmethionine
b)Arginine
c)Phenylalanine
d)Dehydrogenease
CorrectAnswer-A

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans.A.S-adenosylmethionine
S-adenosylmethionineisrequired&enzymeisphenylethanolamine
N-methyltransferase.
S-adenosylmethioninedonatesmethylgroupforconversionofNEto
EinpresenceofPhenylethanolamineNMethyltransferaseenzyme

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

85.Carbapenemwhichhastendencytocause
maximumseizures?
a)Imipenem
b)Ertapenem
c)Doripenem

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Meropenem
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.Imipenem.
Imipenem:
Carbapenemgrp.ofdrugs.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Maximumtendencytocauseseizures.

---

86.DOCfordiphtheriacarrierstateis?
a)Penicillin
b)Antitoxin
c)PenicillinOrerythromycin

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Ciprofloxacin
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans.C.Penicillinorerythromycin
Contactsshouldreceiveantibiotics.
BenzathinepenicillinG(600,000unitsforpersonsyoungerthan6

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

yearsoldand1,200,000unitsforthose6yearsoldandolder)
Oralerythromycin(40mg/kg/dayforchildrenand1g/dayforadults)
for7-to10-daycourse.
Identifiedcarriersincommunityalsoreceiveantibiotics.
Maintainclosesurveillanceandbeginantitoxinatthefirstsignsof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

illness.

---

87.

---

HealthyHumanvolunteerspartofwhich
clinicaltrialphase?
a)Phase1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Phase0
c)Phase3
d)Phase4
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans:A,Phase1.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PhaseIofclinicaltrialishumanpharmacologyandsafety.
PhaseIinvolvesnormalhumanvolunteers.

---

88.DOCforscorpionstingbiteis?
a)EDTA
b)Neostigmine

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)N-acetylcysteine
d)Prazosin
CorrectAnswer-D
Ans:d.Prazosin
DOCforpoisoningduetostingofscorpion?Prazosin.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Prazosin:
Analpha-blocker.
Managementofscorpionstingbite:
DependingupontheseverityofScorpionpoisoning:
Immunotherapy-(dosedependingonantivenomtiter)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Prazosin
Midazolam
Aspirin

---

89.MOAofTeduglutideinshortbowel
syndrome?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)GLP-2inhibitor
b)HT1ainhibitor
c)GLP-1analogs
d)C-peptideanalogs
CorrectAnswer-A

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans.A.GLP-2inhibitor
Glucagon-likepeptide-2(GLP-2)?Importantintestinotrophicgrowth
factor&mediatorofintestinaladaptation.
FDAapprovedteduglutide(Gattex--NPS)totreatshortbowel
syndromeinadultpatientsrequiringadditionalnutritionfromI.V.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

parenteralnutrition.
Effectivelyimprovesfluidabsorption.

---

90.DOCforchemotherapyinducedvomiting
is?
a)Graneseteron

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Prazosin
c)Clonidine
d)Dimenhydrinate
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.Granisetron.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Granisetron:
Serotonin5-HT3receptorantagonist.
Usedasanantiemetictreatingnausea&vomitingfollowing
chemotherapy&radiotherapy.
Maineffect:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Reducesvagusnerveactivity(VagusN.activatesvomitingcenterin
medullaoblongata).

---

91.Whatistheadvantageoffixeddose
combinationofdrugs.
a)Increasesefficacyofdrug

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Decreasesadverseeffects
c)Patientcomplianceimproved
d)Alloftheabove
CorrectAnswer-D
Ans.D.Alloftheabove

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

AdvantagesofFDC:
Safeandeffective.
Reduces"pillburden"?Enhancingoveralltreatmentoutcome.
Increasesefficiency.
Reduceincidenceofadversedrugeffects.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Improvespatientcompliance.
Offerslowcost(comparedtoindividualcomponentsofactive
ingredients).

---

92.DOCfordigitalisisinducedcentro-chilar
tachycardia?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Lidocaine
b)Reducingdosageofdigoxinitself,reversesthecondition
c)Verapamil
d)Betablockers
CorrectAnswer-A

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans.A.Lidocaine
Digitalistoxicity:
Features:
Generallyunwell&lethargy.
Nausea&vomiting.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Confusion.
Yellow-greenvision.
Arrhythmias(e.g.AVblock,bradycardia)
Dizziness.
Precipitatingfactors:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Renaldisease
Hypokalaemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hypoalbuminemia
Hypothermia

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Hypothyroidism
Hypercalcemia.
Hypernatremia
Acidosis.
Myocardialischaemia.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PartialAVblock.

---

Drugs:
Amiodarone.
Quinidine.
Verapamil.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Spironolactone.
Furosemide.
Hydrochlorothiazide-CompetewithDCTsecretion,hence
reducingexcretion.
Management:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Digibind.
Correctventriculararrhythmiabylignocaine.
Bradyarrhythmiasbypropanolol.
Atrialtachyarrhythmiasbyatropine.
Phenytoin.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MonitorK+

---

93.AntiretroviraltherapyistobegiveninHIV
infectedpatientsirrespectiveofpresence
ofsymptomsifCD4countislessthan?
a)100

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)150
c)200
d)350
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans.C.200

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

OfferARTtosymptomaticpatientsiftheCD4countis200?350
cells/mm3
ConsiderARTforasymptomaticpatientswithCD4countbetween
200-350cells/mm3andmonitorcloselyfornewsymptoms.
IftheCD4countis200?250cells/mm3,physicianscanconsider

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

repeatingtheCD4testin4weeksinasymptomaticpatients.
Thisistoruleoutthepossibilityofa20%marginoferrorin
laboratoryresults.
PatientsshouldstartARTbeforetheCD4countdropsbelow200
cells/mm3

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ref:http://naco.gov.in/upload/Policies%20&%20Guidelines/1.%20Antiretroviral%20Therapy%20Guidelines%20for%20HIV-
infected%20Adults%20and%20Adolescents%20Including%20Post-
exposure.pdf

---

94.Filgrastimisusedintreatmentof:
a)Anemia

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Neutropenia
c)Malaria
d)Filarial
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.is.B.Neutropenia

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Filgrastimisarecombinanthumangranulocytecolonystimulating
factor(G-CSF)whichisa175-aminoacidglyco-protein.
Itdiffersfromthenaturalgranulocytestimulatingfactorduetoits
lackinglycosylationandthepresenceofanextraN-terminal
methionine.Ithasprovedtobeeffectiveinthetreatmentofsevere

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

neutropenia.
Ref:GoodmanandGilman'sThePharmacologicalBasisof
Therapeutics,11thEdition,Pages1429-32;Immunopharmacology
ByManzoorM.Khan,Pages49-50

---

95.Trueabouttreatmentofearlybreast

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

carcinoma?
a)Aromataseinhibitorsarereplacingtamoxifeninpremenopausal
women
b)Postmastectomyradiationtherapyisgivenwhen4ormore
lymphnodesarepositive

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Tamoxifenisnotusefulinpost-menopausalwomen
d)Inpremenopausalwomen,multidrugchemotherapyisgivenin
selectedpatients
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.B.Postmastectomyradiationtherapyisgivenwhen4or

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

morelymphnodesarepositive
Tamoxifen:
Effectiveinbothpre&postmenopausalwomen(ifhormonereceptor
positive)
DOCinpremenopausalwomen

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aromataseinhibitors:
Provenmorebeneficialthantamoxifeninpostmenopausalwomen.
MOA:
Byloweringestrogeninpost-menopausalwomenwithhormone-
receptor-positivebreastcancer.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Inpost-menopausalwomen,mostofbody'sestrogenisfrom
androgen.
Aromataseinhibitorsinhibitsaromataseenzyme?blocking
androgenintoestrogen?loweringestrogenproducedoutside
ovaries.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Uses:
1stlinetherapyinpostmenopausalwomen,adjuvantsettingor

---

secondaryagentafter1to2yearsofadjuvanttamoxifentherapy.
Advantages:
Reducedincidenceofendometrialcancer.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Adverseeffects:
Bonemineraldensityalteration-?osteoporosis&increasedfractures
inpostmenopausalwomen.
Otheroptions:
Inpremenopausalwomenwithanyformofadjuvantsystemic

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

therapyshouldreceivemultidrugchemotherapy.

---

96.ApatientofRAistakingmethotrexate,
steroidsandNSAIDssince4monthsbut
activityofdiseaseprogressionissame.
Whatshouldbethenextprobablestep?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)StartmonotherapywithantiTNFalphadrugs
b)Continuemethotrexateandsteroids
c)Stoporalmethotrexateandstartparenteralmethotrexate
d)Addsulfasalazine
CorrectAnswer-D

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans.D.Addsulfasalazine

---

97.IVMannitolisusedfortreatmentof
a)Acutecongestiveglaucoma
b)Pulmonaryedema
c)Acuterenalfailure

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)CHF
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.Acutecongestiveglaucoma.
Mannitolmaybeusedtoreduceintraocularpressurewhengiven
intravenously.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

98.Variationinsensitivityofresponseto
differentdosesofadrugindifferent
individualisobtainedfrom?
a)Doseresponsecurve
b)Therapeuticindex

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Bioavailability
d)Phase1clinicaltrials
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.Doseresponsecurve
Thedose?responserelationship,orexposure?responserelationship,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

describesthechangeineffectonanorganismcausedbydiffering
levelsofexposuretoastressorafteracertainexposuretime,ortoa
food.
Appliestoindividuals,ortopopulations.

---

99.Whichoneoffollowingisfunctionsof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PGI2?
a)Inhibitsplateletaggregation
b)Isavasodilator
c)IspyrogeniclikePGE2
d)Alloftheabove

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-D
Ans.D.Alloftheabove.
FunctionsofPGI2:
InhibitsInhibitsplateletaggregation,vasodilatorplusbronchodilator
&pyrogeniclikePGE2.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

100.Deglovingskininvolvesremovalof?
a)skin,subcutaneousfat,fascia,muscle
b)skin,subcutaneousfat,fascia
c)skinonly
d)skinsubcutaneousfat

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-D
Answer:D.skinsubcutaneousfat
Theclinicalentityofdeglovinginjurymeansthattheskinhasbeen
lost,butthemusculoskeletalunitisintact,andhence,the
movementsoftheparthavebeenpreserved.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Degloving,alsocalledavulsion,isatypeofsevereinjurythat
happenswhenthetoplayersofyourskinandtissuearerippedfrom
theunderlyingmuscle,connectivetissue,orbone.Itcanaffectany
bodypart,butit'smorecommoninthelegs
Dependingontheanglethatthetirepullasacrosstheextremity,the

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

skinandsubcutaneoustissuemaybepulledorshearedoffon
leadingedgeofextremity.

---

101.Sexualperversions(Exhibitionism)is
undersection
a)Section290

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Section294
c)Section230
d)Section291
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer:B.Section294

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

EXHIBITIONISM:sexualgratificationbyexposingone'sgenitalia.
Punishableundersec294I.P.C.withimprisonmentupto3monthsor
fine

---

102.1staffectedinrigormortis
a)Eyelids

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Myocardium
c)Jaw
d)Neck
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer-B.Myocardium

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

stateofthemusclesinadeadbodywhentheybecomestifforrigid
withsomedegreeofshortening.
Allmusclesofbodyareinvolvedi.e.voluntaryorinvoluntary.
However,itdoesnotstartinallmusclessimultaneously(nysten's
rule).

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Involuntarymuscles(heart)areinvolvedfirstthanvoluntary
muscles.
Sequenceofmusclesinvolvementisasfollows:Heart>upper
eyelid>neck>jaw>face>chest>upperlimb>abdomen>lower
limb>fingerandtoes.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

103.

---

Punishmentforperjuryisunderwhich
sectionIPC?
a)Sec193
b)Sec191

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Sec197
d)Sec190
CorrectAnswer-A
AnswerA.Sec193
Definespunishmentforfabricatingfalseevidence

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thewitnessisliabletobeprosecutedforperjury,andthe
imprisonmentmayextenduptosevenyears.
193IPC:punishmentforfalseevidence,(punishmentforperjury):
imprisonmentupto7years+hne
IgIIpC:(i)Givingfalseevidence(perjury)underoath.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

I92IPC:Fabricatingfalseevidence(perjury)

---

104.Gastriclavageisnotcontraindicated
afteringestionofwhichacid.
a)HCL
b)H2SO4

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Carbolicacid
d)Nitricacid
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C.CarbolicAcid
Theonlyobsolutecontraindicationiscorrosivepoisoningi.e

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

alkalis,mineralacid,vegetableacidandorganicacids(except
carbolicacid).
Carbolicacidistheonlycorrosiveinwhichgastriclavagecanbe
used.
Gastriclavagemustbedone(exceptwhencontraindicated)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

irrespectiveofwhethervomitinghasoccuredornot,toprevent
aspirationofcontent.
Carbolicacidistheonlycorrosiveinwhichgastriclavageisnot
contraindicated.

---

105.Visceraintoxicologystoredin

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Glycerine
b)Rectifiedspirit
c)Formalism
d)Saturatedsaltsolution
CorrectAnswer-D

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer-D.Saturatedsaltsolution
Toxicologicalvisceraispreservedinasaturatedsolutionof
commonsalt(sodiumchloride).
Fortoxicologicalanalysis,visceraisneverpreservedinalcohol,
formalin,orbilesalt.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Infact,formalindenaturesproteinsandchemicaitoxinsandwould
interferewiththedetectionofpoisonsduringchemicalanalysis'

---

106.Twoidenticaltwinswillnothavesame
a)Fingerprints
b)DNAcopies

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Iriscolor
d)Bloodgroup
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer:A.Fingerprints
IdenticaltwinshavethesameDNA,buttheirfingerprints

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

(dactylography)arestilldiferentandtheydonotchange.
Thesecanbeeasilyusedtodifferentiatebetweenanidenticalset
oftwins.
IdenticaltwinshavethesamesetofDNA,thereforeDNA
fingerprintingcannotdifferentiatethem.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

107.InAllegedhistoryofgunshot
injury.thereisburning,blackening,
tattooingaroundthewoundDirtcollar,
theinjuryis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Closeshotentrywound
b)Closeshotexitwound
c)Distantshotentrywound
d)distantshotexitwound
CorrectAnswer-A

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer:A.Closeshotentrywound
Buring,blackening,tattooingaroundthewoundarefeaturesof
closeshotentry.
Andmayoccurincontactshotwhenmuzzleendisnotpressed
firmly.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

Themuzzleendisnotpressedfirmlyorisloosenedbyrecoil,flame,
gasandsootmayescapesidewaysandsoiltheadjoiningskin......
Parikh.
Greasecollarordirtcollarisseenatfirearmentrywound.Itisa
blackcoloredringliningtheentrancewoundontheskin.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Itisproducedbyremovalofsubstancesfromthebulletasit
passes_throughtheskin,

---

108.AchildishavingBatteredbaby
syndromehowwillyouidentify
a)Stabwound

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Gunshotwound
c)Bruiseofdifferentages
d)Noneofthese
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans-C.Bruiseofdifferentages

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Abatteredchildisonewhohasreceivedrepetitivephysicalinjuries
asaresultofnon-accidentalviolenceproducedbyaparentora
guardian.
multiplebruisepresentoverbody,Lacerationoftheoralmucosa,
Parentsgivevaguehistoryofaccidenttobethecauseofthe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

injuries.
ItisalsocalledCaffeysyndrome,Caffey-Kempesyndrome,
maltreatmentsyndromeorParent-infanttraumaticstresssyndrome
Theinjuriesmaybecausedbyhand,foot,teeth,stick,belt,shoe,
hotwater,lightedcigarette,hotfryingpanoranyhouseholdarticle

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Accidentalinjuriestypicallyinvolvebonyprominences[head
(forehead,occipitalorparietalregion),nose,chin,palm,elbows,
kneesandshin],matchthehistorygivenbytheparentsandare
keepingwiththedevelopmentofthechild

---

109.Apatientishavinggastrointestinal

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

problemsincludingabdominalpainand
distension,bloodyormucus-filled
diarrhea,andtenesmus,withrectal
prolapse,Astool,ovaandparasites
examrevealsthepresenceoftypical

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Barrel-shapedeggs,possiblecausative
agentis?
a)Campylobacter
b)Clostridiumdifficile
c)Giardialamblia

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Trichuris
CorrectAnswer-D
Answer:D.Trichuris
whipwormcancausegastrointestinalproblems,suchasabdominal
pain,diarrhea,mucousorbloodystoolsweightloss,painful

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

urination,andweakness.
Rectalprolapseisahallmark,albeitrare,symptomofaheavyT.
trichiurainfectionthatoccursinchildrenmorefrequentlythanadults.
Whenrectalprolapseoccurs,wormscanoftenbeidentifiedonthe
edematousrectum.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Inawhipworminfection,therectumlosesitsinternalsupport
becausethewormsburytheirthinheadsintotheintestinallining,
looseningtheelasticepitheliumandweakeningthesurrounding
muscles.

---

---

110.Contactisolationisdonefor

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)MRSA
b)Mumps
c)Diphtheria
d)Asthama
CorrectAnswer-C

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer:C.Diphtheria
AtypeofbacteriacalledCorynebacteriumdiphtheriaecauses
diphtheria.
Theconditionistypicallyspreadthroughperson-to-personcontactor
throughcontactwithobjectsthathavethebacteriaonthem,suchas

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

acuporusedtissue.
Evenifaninfectedpersondoesn'tshowanysignsorsymptomsof
diphtheria,they'restillabletotransmitthebacterialinfectionforup
tosixweeksaftertheinitialinfection
Thebacteriamostcommonlyinfectyournoseandthroat.Once

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

you'reinfected,thebacteriareleasedangeroussubstancescalled
toxins.Thetoxinsspreadthroughyourbloodstreamandoftencause
athick,graycoatinginnose,throat,lungs.

---

111.Achildissufferingfromrecurrent
chronicinfectionswithencapsulated

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

bacteriaisduetodeficiencyofsubclass
.
a)IgG1
b)IgG2
c)IgG3

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)IgG4
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer:B.IgG2
IgG2antibodiesarepredominantlyagainstthepolysaccharide
(complexsugar)coating(capsule)ofcertaindisease-producing

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

bacteria(suchas,StreptococcuspneumoniaeandHaemophilus
influenzae).
Inyoungchildren,theabilitytomakeIgG2antibodiestothe
polysaccharidecoatingsofbacteriadevelopsmoreslowlythanthe
abilitytomakeantibodiestoproteins.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

112.D.O.Cforisospora
a)PenicillinG
b)Benzathinepenicillin
c)Co-trimoxazole
d)Albendazole

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-C
Answer:C.Co-trimoxazole
Themostcommonantibioticthatisprescribedisco-trimoxazole
(trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole),morecommonlyknownasBactrim,
Septra,orCotrim.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ForImmunocompetenthostsPreferedregimen:Trimethoprim-
sulfamethoxazole160mg/800mgPObidfor7-10days..

---

113.CoxsackievirusA16causes
a)Yellowfever
b)Hand-foot-mouthdisease

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Rockymountainspottedfever
d)Encephalomyocarditis
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer:B.Hand-foot-mouthdisease
Hand,FootandMouthDisease(HFMD)iscausedbycoxsackieA-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

16
ThevirusesthatcauseHFMDarespreadthroughclosepersonal
contact,throughtheairfromcoughingandthefecesofaninfected
person.
CoxsackievirusA16isthemostcommoncause,andenterovirus71

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

isthesecond-mostcommoncause.Otherstrainsofcoxsackievirus
andenteroviruscanalsoberesponsible.
Ittypicallybeginswithafeverandfeelinggenerallyunwell.Thisis
followedadayortwolaterbyflatdiscoloredspotsorbumpsthat
mayblister,onthehands,feetandmouthandoccasionallybuttocks

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

andgroin.

---

114.Pneumocystisjeroviciis:
a)AssociatedwithCMV
b)Diagnosisisbysputummicroscopy
c)Seenonlyinimmunocompromisedpatients

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Alwaysassociatedwithpneumatocele
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer:B.Diagnosisisbysputummicroscopy
Humanisolateof.Pneumocystiswhichisassociatedwithsevere
pneumoniainimmunocompromisedstateparticularlyAIDS.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

P.jeroviciisanextracellularpathogen.Growthinthelungis
limitedtosurfactantlayerabovealveolarepithelium.
Serologicevidencesuggestthatmostindividualsareinfectedin
earlychildhood(thusoption"c"iswrong)butthepneumoniais
seenonlyinimmunocompromisedstate.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Diagnosisismadebydetectionoforganisminproperspecimen
Sputum:Quickandnoninvasive.
Broncho-alaeolarlaoage(BAL)fluid:Mainstayofpneumocystis
diagnosis.
Transbronchialbiopsy:IfdiagnosiscannotbemadebyBAL.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

115.Allaretrueaboutcongenital
ToxoplasmosisEXCEPT
a)Chorioretinitis
b)Conjunctivitis
c)Hydrocephalus

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Cerebralcalcification
CorrectAnswer-B
AnswerB.Conjunctivitis
Occursonlywhenmothergetsprimarytoxoplasmosisinfection
whetherclinicalorasymptomaticduringpregnancyor<6months

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

beforeconception(i.e.noriskifacquired>6monthsbefore
conception).
Asgestationalageisincreased,riskoftransmissiontofetus
increased,i.e.max.in3rdtrimesterwhile
severityoffetaldamageisdecreased,i.e.infantisusually

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

asymptomaticifinfectiontransmitin3rdtrimester.
Chorioretinitisisusuallytreatedwithacombinationofcorticosteroids
andantibiotics.
Itcauses:hydrocephalous,diffusecerebral
calcification,hepatosplenomegaly,mentalretardation

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

myocarditis,lymphadenitis,microencephaly,myocarditis,
chorioretinitis,multiorganfailure,Pneumonitis

---

116.trueaboutTRIADcongenitalrubella
syndrome
a)PDA,cataractanddeafnessisseen

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Hepatosplenomegaly,mentalretardation,deafness
c)Chorioretinitis,multiorganfailure,pneumonitis
d)Noneofthese
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer:A.PDA,cataractanddeafnessisseen

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Congenitalrubellasyndrome(CRS)canoccurinadevelopingfetus
ofapregnantwomanwhohascontractedrubella,usuallyinthefirst
trimester.Ifinfectionoccurs0?28daysbeforeconception,theinfant
hasa43%riskofbeingaffected.
Infectionin2ndtrimester?maybedeafnessonly.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

>6wks?nomajorabnormalities
Diagnosis:Isolationofvirusincellculturesofthroatsamples,urine
orothersecretions.
DetectionofIgMinsingleserumsampleshortlyafterbirth.
PersistanceofRubellaIgGantibodiesserumbeyond1yearor

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

risingantibodytiteranytimeduringinfancyinanunvaccinatedchild

---

117.Discdiffusionmethodisalsoknownas
a)KirbyBauer
b)VDRL
c)Darkfieldmicroscopy

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Noneofthese
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer:A.KirbyBauer
Thediskdiffusiontest,oragardiffusiontest,orKirby?Bauertest
(disc-diffusionantibioticsusceptibilitytest,disc-diffusionantibiotic

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

sensitivitytest,KBtest),isatestoftheantibioticsensitivityof
bacteria.
Itusesantibioticdiscstotesttheextenttowhichbacteriaare
affectedbythoseantibiotics.Inthistest,waferscontaining
antibioticsareplacedonanagarplatewherebacteriahavebeen

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

placed,andtheplateislefttoincubate.
Ifanantibioticstopsthebacteriafromgrowingorkillsthebacteria,
therewillbeanareaaroundthewaferwherethebacteriahavenot
grownenoughtobevisible.Thisiscalledazoneofinhibition

---

118.Rubellavirusbelongstowhichfamily?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Rheovirus
b)Togavirus
c)Picornavirus
d)Orthomyxo

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-B
And.B.Togavirus
Rubellavirus(RuV)isthepathogenicagentofthediseaserubella,
andisthecauseofcongenitalrubellasyndromewheninfection
occursduringthefirstweeksofpregnancy.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

RubellavirusistheonlymemberofthegenusRubivirusand
belongstothefamilyofTogaviridae,whosememberscommonly
haveagenomeofsingle-strandedRNAofpositivepolaritywhichis
enclosedbyanicosahedralcapsid.

---

119.Whichofthefollowinginfection

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

resembleserythroblastosis?
a)EBV
b)CMV
c)HSV
d)STAPHYLOCOCCUS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-B
ANSWER:B.CMV
Cytomegalovirusinfectionisacommonherpesvirusinfectionwitha
widerangeofsymptoms:fromnosymptomstofeverandfatigue
(resemblinginfectiousmononucleosis)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

InfectionwithCMV,likethatwithEpstein-Barrvirus(EBV,atype4
herpesvirus),cancauseatypeofinfectiousmononucleosisin
adolescentsandyoungadults.BothCMVandEBVmononucleosis
causefeverandfatigue.ButEBValsocausesaseveresorethroat.
CMVdoesnot.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

120.Diagnostictestforneurosyphilis
a)VDRL
b)RPR
c)TPI
d)FTA-ABS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-A
Answer:A.VDRL
ExaminationofCSFforpleocytosis,increaseproteinconcentration,
VDRLreactivity.
ApositiveCSFVDRLmakesthediagnosisofneurosyphilis.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ifbothtesti.e.VDRLandFTA-ABSIgM(specific)testare
positiveintheinfantthencongenitalsyphilisshouldbestrongly
suspectedandthechildshouldbetreated.
Apositivetestconfirmsneurosyphilisbutanegativeresultdoesnot
ruleoutneurosyphilis.DuetothelowsensitivityoftheCSFVDRL,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

fluorescenttreponemalantibodyabsorptiontest(FTA-ABS)canbe
usedtosupplementVDRL.

---

121.Flaskshapedulcersinintestinecaused
by
a)Giardialamblia

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Entamoebahistolytica
c)Helicobacterpylori(H.pylori)
d)E.vermicularis
CorrectAnswer-B
AnswerB.Entamoebahistolytica

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Diseaseoccurswhenamoebacomesincontactwiththecellslining
theintestine.
Itthensecretesthesamesubstancesitusestodigestbacteria,
whichincludeenzymesthatdestroycellmembranesandproteins.
Thisprocesscanleadtopenetrationanddigestionofhuman

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

tissues,resultingfirstinflask-shapedulcerationsintheintestine.
Entamoebahistolyticaingeststhedestroyedcellsbyphagocytosis
andisoftenseenwithredbloodcells(aprocessknownas
erythrophagocytosis)insidewhenviewedinstoolsamples

---

122.Whattypeofculturemediaisusedfor

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ligionella?
a)(BCYE)agarmedia
b)MacConkeyagar
c)Baird?Parkeragar
d)Sabouraud'sagar

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-A
Answer:A.(BCYE)agarmedia
BCYEisselectiveforcertainGram-negativebacteria,especially
Legionellapneumophila.
Theorganismsarenutritionallyfastidious,non-sporeforming,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

aerobic,gram-negative,slenderrods.
Mediacontainingcysteine,yeastextract,a-ketoglutarate,andiron
(BCYE)arerequiredforisolationofLegionella.
SelectiveBCYE(mediumcontainingantibiotics),isrecommended
forspecimenslikelytobecontaminatedwithotherbacteria.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

123.SpecialStainforcryptococcus:
a)ZNstain
b)Gramstain
c)Mucicarminestain
d)Malachitegreen

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-C
Ans:C.Mucicarminestain
Mucicarminestainprovidesspecificstainingofpolysaccharidecell
wallinC.neoformans.
Thisislimitedtomicroorganismswithacellwallthatiscomposed,at

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

leastinpart,ofapolysaccharidecomponent.

---

124.A36yrsoldmalepatientc/,ocoughcold
fever/rustysputum/sputumnegfortb
,h/ooftravelinchina&eatencrab,
Nametheinfection

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Paragonimuswestermani
b)Faciolahepatica
c)Fasciolopsisbuski
d)Entamoebahistolytica
CorrectAnswer-A

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans:A.Paragonimuswestermani(lungfluke).
Duringinvasionandmigrationoftheflukes,diarrhea,abdominal
pain,fever,cough,urticaria,hepatosplenomegaly,pulmonary
abnormalities,andeosinophiliamaydevelop.
Unembryonatedeggsarepassedinthesputumofahuman.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Duringthechronicphase,thelungsaredamagedmost,butother
organsmaybeinvolved.
TheclinicalpictureresemblesandisoftenconfusedwithTB.
Praziquantelisthetreatmentofchoice.

---

125.Microbiologicaltestfordiagnosing

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

leptospirainfection?
a)Coldagglutination
b)Standardagglutination
c)Microscopicagglutinationtest(MAT)
d)Noneofthese

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-C
Answer:C.Microscopicagglutinationtest(MAT)
Dark-fieldmicroscopyorbyimmunofluorescenceorlightmicroscopy
afterappropriatestainingused
Microscoplcagglutinationtest[MAT](GoldStandard)also

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Macroscopicagglutlnationtest
Differentialdiagnosislistforleptospirosisisverylargeduetodiverse
symptoms.

---

126.Greencolouroftriageisforwhich
patient?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Lowpriority
b)Morbidity
c)Ambulatory
d)Highpriority
CorrectAnswer-C

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans.C.Ambulatory
Triage
Whenthequantityandseverityofinjuriesoverwhelmtheoperative
capacityofhealthfacilities,adifferentapproachtomedicaltreatment
mustbeadopted.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Theusualprincipleoffirstcome,firsttreated",isnotfollowedin
massemergencies.
Triageconsistsofrapidlyclassifyingtheinjuredandthelikelihoodof
theirsurvivalwithpromptmedicalintervention.
Higherpriorityisgrantedtovictimswhoseimmediateorlong-term

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

prognosiscanbedramaticallyaffectedbysimpleintensivecare.
Moribundpatientswhorequireagreatdealofattention,with
questionablebenefithavethelowestpriority.
Themostcommontriageclassificationsystemusedinternationalis
fourcolourcodesystem.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Red
Highprioritytreatmentortransfer
Yellow Mediumpriority
Green Ambulatorypatients
Black

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Deadormoribundpatients

---

127.ConcurrentlistofIndianConstitution
includeswhichofthefollowing?
a)Internationalimmigrationruleforquarantine
b)Preventionofextensionofcommunicablediseasefromoneunit

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

toanother
c)Minesandoilfieldworkersrules
d)Establishmentandmaintenanceofdrugstandards
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.B.Preventionofextensionofcommunicablediseasefromone

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

unittoanother
ThefunctionsoftheUnionHealthMinistryaresetoutintheseventh
scheduleofArticle246oftheconstitutionofIndiaunderthreelists.
1. UnionList
2. ConcurrentList

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Statelist
The52itemscurrentlyontheConcurrentlistare:
1.Criminallaw,includingallmattersincludedintheIndianPenal
Code
2.Criminalprocedure,includingallmattersincludedintheCodeof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CriminalProcedure.
3.Preventivedetentionforreasonsconnectedwiththesecurityofa
State,themaintenanceofpublicorder,orthemaintenanceof
suppliesandservicesessentialtothecommunity;personssubjected
tosuchdetention.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4.RemovalfromoneStatetoanotherStateofprisoners,accused
personsandpersonssubjectedtopreventivedetentionforreasons
specifiedinEntry3ofthislist.
5.Marriageanddivorce;infantsandminors;adoption;wills,

---

intestacyandsuccession;jointfamilyandpartition;allmattersin

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

respectofwhichpartiesinjudicialproceedingswereimmediately
beforethecommencementofthisConstitutionsubjecttotheir
personallaw.
6.Transferofpropertyotherthanagriculturalland;registrationof
deedsanddocuments.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

7.Contractsincludingpartnership,agency,contractsofcarriage,
andotherspecialformsofcontracts,butnotincludingcontracts
relatingtoagriculturalland.
8.Actionablewrongs
9.Bankruptcyandinsolvency.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

10.TrustandTrustees.
11.Administrators?generalandofficialtrustees.
11-A.Administrationofjustice;constitutionandOrganisationofall
courts,excepttheSupremeCourtandtheHighCourts.
12.Evidenceandoaths;recognitionoflaws,publicactsandrecords,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

andjudicialproceedings.
13.Civilprocedure,includingallmattersincludedintheCodeofCivil
ProcedureatthecommencementofthisConstitution,limitationand
arbitration.
14.Contemptofcourt,butnotincludingcontemptoftheSupreme

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Court.
15.Vagrancy;nomadicandmigratorytribes.
16.Lunacyandmentaldeficiency,includingplacesforthereception
ortreatmentoflunaticsandmentaldeficients.
17.Preventionofcrueltytoanimals.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

17-A.Forests.
17-B.Protectionofwildanimalsandbirds.
18.Adulterationoffoodstuffsandothergoods.
19.Drugsandpoisons,subjecttotheprovisionsofEntry59ofListI
withrespecttoopium.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

20.Economicandsocialplanning.
20-A.Populationcontrolandfamilyplanning.
21.Commercialandindustrialmonopolies,combinesandtrusts.
22.Tradeunions;industrialandlabourdisputes.
23.Socialsecurityandsocialinsurance;employmentand

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

unemployment.

---

24.Welfareoflabourincludingconditionsofwork,providentfunds,
employers'liability,workmen'scompensation,invalidityandoldage
pensionsandmaternitybenefits.
25.Education,includingtechnicaleducation,medicaleducationand

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

universities,subjecttotheprovisionsofEntries63,64,65and66of
ListI;vocationalandtechnicaltrainingoflabour.
26.Legal,medicalandotherprofessions.
27.Reliefandrehabilitationofpersonsdisplacedfromtheiroriginal
placeofresidencebyreasonofthesettingupoftheDominionsof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

IndiaandPakistan.
28.Charitiesandcharitableinstitutions,charitableandreligious
endowmentsandreligiousinstitutions.
29.PreventionoftheextensionfromoneStatetoanotherof
infectiousorcontagiousdiseasesorpestsaffectingmen,animalsor

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

plants.
30.Vitalstatisticsincludingregistrationofbirthsanddeaths.
31.Portsotherthanthosedeclaredbyorunderlawmadeby
Parliamentorexistinglawtobemajorports.
32.Shippingandnavigationoninlandwaterwaysasregards

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

mechanicallypropelledvessels,andtheruleoftheroadonsuch
waterways,andthecarriageofpassengersandgoodsoninland
waterwayssubjecttotheprovisionsofListIwithrespecttonational
waterways.
33.Tradeandcommercein,andtheproduction,supplyand

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

distributionof,-
(a)theproductsofanyindustrywherethecontrolofsuchindustryby
theUnionisdeclaredbyParliamentbylawtobeexpedientinthe
publicinterest,andimportedgoodsofthesamekindassuch
products

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

(b)foodstuffs,includingedibleoilseedsandoils
(c)cattlefodder,includingoilcakesandotherconcentrates
(d)rawcotton,whetherginnedornotginned,andcottonseed;and
(e)rawjute.
33-A.Weightsandmeasuresexceptestablishmentofstandards.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

34.Pricecontrol.
35.Mechanicallypropelledvehiclesincludingtheprinciplesonwhich
taxesonsuchvehiclesaretobelevied.

---

36.Factories.
37.Boilers.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

38.Electricity.
39.Newspapers,booksandprintingpresses.
40.Archaeologicalsitesandremainsotherthanthosedeclaredby
orunderlawmadebyParliamenttobeofnationalimportance.
41.Custody,managementanddisposalofproperty(including

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

agriculturalland)declaredbylawtobeevacueeproperty.
42.Acquisitionandrequisitioningofproperty.
43.RecoveryinaStateofclaimsinrespectoftaxesandotherpublic
demands,includingarrearsofland-revenueandsumsrecoverable
assucharrears,arisingoutsidethatState.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

44.Stampdutiesotherthandutiesorfeescollectedbymeansof
judicialstamps,butnotincludingratesofstampduty.
45.Inquiriesandstatisticsforthepurposesofanyofthematters
specifiedinListIIorListIII.
46.Jurisdictionandpowersofallcourts,excepttheSupremeCourt,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

withrespecttoanyofthemattersinthisList.
47.FeesinrespectofanyofthemattersinthisList,butnot
includingfeestakeninanycourt.

---

128.Lastpointwherereproductiveandchild
healthprogrammeareinclude:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Sub-centre
b)Anganwadi
c)District
d)Taluka
CorrectAnswer-C

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans.C.District
ThevariousactivitiesofReproductiveandchildHealthProgramme
(RCH)arctargetedatthedistrictlevel.
"TheRCHprogrammeisbasedonadiiThrentialapproach.Inputsin
allthedistrictshavenotbeenkeptuniform.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Whilethecarecomponentarethesameforalldistricts,theweaker
districtswillgetmoresupportandsophisticatedfacilitiesare
proposedforrelativelyadvanceddistricts.Onthebasisofcrudebirth
rateandfemaleliteracyrate?allthedistrictshavebeendividedinto
threecategories`A,B,&C'Allthedistrictswillbecoveredina

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

phasedmanneroveraperiodofthreeyears."

---

129.Healthcenterinremotestareafor
planningandmanagementofschemes:
a)Anganwadi
b)Blockcentre

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Sub-centre
d)PHC
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans.C.Sub-centre
TheSub-Centreisthemostperipheralandfirstcontactpoint

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

betweentheprimaryhealthcaresystemandthecommunity.Sub-
Centresareassignedtasksrelatingtointerpersonalcommunication
inordertobringaboutbehavioralchangeandprovideservicesin
relationtomaternalandchildhealth,familywelfare,nutrition,
immunization,diarrhoeacontrolandcontrolofcommunicable

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

diseasesprogrammes.
TheSub-Centresareprovidedwithbasicdrugsforminorailments
neededfortakingcareofessentialhealthneedsofmen,womenand
children.

---

130.Diagnosticpowerofatesttocorrectly

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

diagnoseadiseaseis-
a)Negativepredictivevalue
b)Positivepredictivevalue
c)Sensitivity
d)Specificity

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.B.Positivepredictivevalue
Positivepredictivevalueistheabilityofatesttocorrectlydiagnose
theproportionofcasesinwhichpersonswithapositivescreening
testresulthavethediseaseinquestion.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Negativepredictivevalueistheproportionofcasesinwhichpeople
withnegativetestresultdonothavethediseaseinquestion.
Sensitivityisdefinedastheabilityofthetesttoidentifycorrectlyall
thosewhohavethedisease,i.e.truepositive.
Specificityisdefinedastheabilityofthetesttoidentifycorrectly

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

thosewhodonothavethedisease,i.e.truenegative.

---

131.Paradoxicalcarriersare-
a)Apersonwhoacquiresthemicroorganismduetohiscontact
withthepatient.
b)Apersonwhoacquiresthemicroorganismanothercarrier.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Apersonwhoisclinicallyrecoveredfromaninfectiousdisease
butstillcapableoftransmittingtheinfectiousagenttoothers.
d)None
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.B.Apersonwhoacquiresthemicroorganismanothercarrier.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Paradoxicalcarrieraredefinedaspersonwhoacquiresthe
microorganismanothercarrier.

---

132.AccordingtoIMNCI,ababyof6month
age,criteriaforfastbreathingismore
than_____/min

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)60
b)50
c)40
d)30
CorrectAnswer-B

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans.B.50
Asthechildrengetolder,theirbreathingrateslowsdown.
Therefore,thecut-offpointhasfastbreathingwilldependontheage
ofthechild.oFastbreathingispresentwhentherespiratoryrateis
:?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Childlessthan2monthsofage:60breathsperminute
Childaged2monthsupto12months:50breathsperminute
Childaged12monthsupto5years:40breathsperminute

---

133.Allofthefollowingareexamplesof
Dietaryfibreexcept-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Pectin
b)Lignin
c)Cellulose
d)Gums
CorrectAnswer-D

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans.D.Gums
Dietaryfibreconsistsofunabsorbablecellwallandother
constituentsofvegetablefoodlikecellulose,lignin,hemicellulose,
gums,pectins,glycoproteinsandotherpolysaccharides.
Dietaryfibreabsorbswaterintheintestine,swells,increasebulkof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

stoodbyincreasingwatercontentoffaecesandsoftenit,decreases
transittimebyfacilitatingcolonictransit.
"Thepresenceoffibreshortensthetransittimesandincreasesthe
stoolbulk"
Dietaryfibreisoftwotypes:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Solublefibres:Itabsorbsupto15timesitsweightinwaterasit
movesthroughGIT,producingsofterstools.Itsgoodsourcesare
oat,flaxseeds,peas,beans,apple,citrusfruits,carrots,barleyand
psyllium.
2. Insolublefibre:Itpromotesmovementofmaterialthroughdigestive

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

systemandincreasesstoolbulk.It'sgoodsourcesarewheatflour,
wheatbran,nutsandvegetables.

---

134.Crossproductratioisdeterminedby
whichstudy?
a)Casecontrol

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Cohort
c)Crosssectional
d)RCT
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.Casecontrolstudy

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Crossproductratio:
Riskincasecontrolstudyiscalculatedbyoddsratio(crossproduct
ratio).

---

135.Inanormalcurvewhatistheareathat
comesunder1standarddeviation-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)50%
b)68%
c)95%
d)100%
CorrectAnswer-B

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans.B.68%
1SDincludes68%ofvalues
2SDincludes95%ofvalues
3SDincludes99.7%ofvalues

---

136.2yearoldboyofweight12kgwith

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

vitaminAdeficiencywhatisoraldoseof
vitaminA
a)50,000I.U
b)1lakhI.U.
c)1.5lakhI.U

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)2lakhI.U
CorrectAnswer-D
Ans.D.2lakhI.U
Treatment:
Oraltherapy:TheoralregimenofvitaminAis200,000IUondayof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

presentation,nextday,and2-4weekslater.
Childrenlessthan1yearofageorlessthan8kgshouldreceivehalf
thedoseoftheabovedose.Repeat200,000IUevery6monthsup
to6yearsofagetopreventrecurrence.
Parenteraltherapy:Ifthepatienthasseveredisease,isunableto

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

takeoralfeeds,orhasmalabsorption,thepreferabledoseis
100,000IUofvitaminAgivenintramuscularly.
ChildrenwithseveremeaslesshouldalsoreceivevitaminAasthey
areverylikelytobebenefitedfromsuchtherapybothintermsof
savingsightandreducingcasefatality.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Prevention
ProphylaxisconsistsofperiodicadministrationofVitaminA
supplements.WHOrecommendedschedule,whichis
universallyrecommendedisasfollows:
Infants6?12monthsoldandanyolderchildrenweighinglessthan8

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

kg?100,000IUorallyevery3?6months

---

Childrenover1yearandunder6yearsofage?200,000IUorally
every6months
Infantslessthan6monthsold,whoarenotbeingbreastfed?50,000
IUorallyshouldbegivenbeforetheyattaintheageof6months

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

137.Notapersonalprotectiveequipment
a)Goggles
b)Badgesfordetectingradiation
c)Gloves

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Labcoat
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.B.Badgesfordetectingradiation

---

138.Confoundingfactorisdefinedas

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Factorassociatedwithboththeexposureandthediseaseand
isdistributedunequallyinstudyandcontrolgroups.
b)Factorassociatedwithexposureonlyandisdistributed
unequallyinstudyandcontrolgroups.
c)Factorassociatedwithboththeexposureandthediseaseand

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

isdistributedequallyinstudyandcontrolgroups
d)Factorassociatedwiththediseaseandisdistributedequallyin
studyandcontrolgroups.
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.Factorassociatedwithboththeexposureandthedisease

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

andisdistributedunequallyinstudyandcontrolgroups.
Epidemiologicalstudiessearchforthecausesofdiseases,basedon
associationswithvariousriskfactorsthataremeasuredinthestudy.
Inadditiontotheexposuresthatthestudyisinvestigating,theremay
beotherfactorsthatareassociatedwiththeexposureandarealso

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

riskfactorsforthedisease.Iftheprevalenceoftheseotherfactors
differsbetweengroupsbeingcompared,theywilldistortthe
observedassociationbetweenthediseaseandexposureunder
study.Suchvariablesmaypartiallyorcompletelyaccountforany
apparentassociationbetweenanexposurevariableanddisease.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thesedistortingfactorsarecalledconfoundingfactorsorvariables.
ThusaConfoundingfactorisdefinedasonewhichisassociated
withboththeexposureandthediseaseandisdistributedunequally
instudyandcontrolgroups.Itisitselfarisk.factor.forthedisease.

---

139.Thesignificanceofdifferencebetween

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

proportionscanalsobetestedby-
a).`t'test
b)Chisquaretest
c)ANOVA
d)Correlationandregression

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.B.Chisquaretest
Chi-Squaretestoffersamethodoftestingthesignificanceof
differencebetweentheproportions.
Itsadvantageliesinthefactthatitcanalsobeusedwhenmorethan

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

twogroupsaretobecompared.
Byusingthistest,wecanfindoutifthedifferencebetweentwo
proportionsorratioshasoccurredbychance.Thesteps
involvedare-
1. Testingthenullhypothesis.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Applyingchi-squaretest.
3. Calculatingthedegreeoffreedom.
4. Comparingwithprobabilitytables.

---

140.PairedTtestisdefinedas-
a)Testusedtoassessquantitativeobservationsbeforeandafter

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

anintervention
b)Testthatisusedwhentheobservationareintheformof
proportions(forqualitativedata)
c)Testappliedwhenseparateobservationsaremadeon
individualsoftwoseparategroups,andtheseneedtobe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

compared
d)None
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.Testusedtoassessquantitativeobservationsbeforeand
afteranintervention

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Pairedt-tests
Thepairedt-testisusedtocomparethevaluesofmeansfromtwo
relatedsamples,forexampleina`beforeandafter'scenario.
Thedifferencebetweenthemeansofthesamplesisunlikelytobe
equaltozero(duetosamplingvariation)andthehypothesistestis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

designedtoanswerthequestion"Istheobserveddifference
sufficientlylargeenoughtoindicatethatthealternativehypothesisis
true".
Theanswercomesintheformofaprobability?thep-value.

---

141.Bestrepresentativeofincidenceof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

diseaseindifferenttimeline-
a)Histogram
b)Linediagram
c)Scattereddiagram
d)Bardiagram

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.B.Linediagram
Linediagramsareusedtoshowthetrendofeventswithpassageof
time.
Itisusedtoshowthetrendofeventswithpassageoftimeand

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

showshowthefrequencyofaparticulareventorvariablevaryover
time.

---

142.Fortrenchtypeofsanitaryfillingthe
amountoflandrequiredfor2meterdeep
trenchfor10000populationis-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)1acre
b)2acre
c)3acre
d)4acre
CorrectAnswer-A

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans.A.1acre
GeneralWHOGuidelinesforShallowTrenchesis3-5Metrefor100
People.SoAbout300-500MeterofShallowTrenchesfor10,000
People.
Alsothereshouldbeaperimeterof30maroundthetrench.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Now1Acre=4046SqMeter[200mX200m]
HenceAnsweris1Acre.

---

143.Riskofgeneticdiseases
inconsanguineousmarriagebetween
firstcousins?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)1-2%
b)4-8%
c)8-10%
d)12-14%
CorrectAnswer-B

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans.B.4-8%
Consanguinityisamarriagebetweenrelativesandhasvarious
degrees.Closelyrelatedindividualshaveahigherchanceof
carryingthesameallelesthanthoselesscloselyrelatedand
thereforechildrenfromconsanguineousmarriagesaremore

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

frequentlyhomozygousforvariousallelesthanthosefromnon-
consanguineousunions.
Generallyspeaking,frequencyofcongenitalmalformationsamong
newbornsoffirstcousinunionsisabout2timesthefrequency
amongthegeneralpopulation.Inotherwordsinsteadofarateof2-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3%ofbirthdefectsinthegeneralpopulation,therisktofirstcousin
couplesisaround4-6%.

---

144.Whichisnotaepidemiological
indicator?
a)ABER

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Annualparasiteindex
c)Annualfalciparumincidence
d)NoneoftheAbove
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer?A.ABER

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ABERorAnnualBloodExaminationRateisnotanepidemiological
indicatorbutanindicatorofoperationalefficiencyofMalariaControl
Programme.

---

145.Doseofdiphtheriaantitoxinis-
a)1000to5000IU

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)10000to100000IU
c)1000to2000IU
d)None
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.B.10000to100000IU

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DATmanufacturedbyInstitutoButantanisasterile,transparent
(clear)serumsolutionsuppliedin10mLampoulescontaining
10,000IUeach.
DATmustbestoredintherefrigeratorat2?8?C(36?46?F).
DONOTFREEZE.Onceanampouleisopened,theDATserum

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

solutionshouldbeusedimmediately.

---

146.VerticaltransmissionofHIVishighest
with-
a)Electivecaesareansection
b)HighviralRNAload

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Breastfeeding
d)Termdelivery
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.B.HighviralRNAload
Vaginalandemergencycaesareansectiondeliveries,prematurity,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

andlowCD4cellcountweremoststronglyassociatedwithinfant,s
infectionstatusinunivariateanalyses.
Childrendeliveredvaginallyorbyemergencycaesareansection
weremorelikelytobeinfectedthanthosedeliveredbyelective
caesareansection,withareductioninriskof79%associatedwith

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

thelatter(P<0.001).
Similarly,infantsdeliveredbefore37weeksweremorethantwiceas
likelytobeinfectedthaninfantswhowerenotpremature.
Caesareansectionbeforeonsetoflabourandruptureofmembranes
approximatelyhalvestheriskofmother-to-childtransmission.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Transmissionrate:
Duringpregnancy:5?10%
Duringlabouranddelivery:10?15%
Duringbreastfeeding:5?20%
Overallwithoutbreastfeeding:15?25%

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Overallwithbreastfeedingtosixmonths:20?35%
Overallwithbreastfeedingto18?24months:30?45%

---

147.Themostcommonsiteofthebranchial
cystis:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Posteriorborderofsternocleidomastoid
b)Anteriorborderofsternocleidomastoid
c)Digastricmuscle
d)Omohyoidmuscle
CorrectAnswer-B

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer.B.Anteriorborderofsternocleidomastoid
Abranchialcleftcyst(BCC)commonlypresentsasasolitary,
painlessmassintheneckofachildoryoungadult.
Theyaremostcommonlylocatedalongtheanteriorborderandthe
upperthirdofthesternocleidomastoidmuscleintheanteriortriangle

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

oftheneck.

---

148.Inspiratorystridorisfoundinwhatkind
oflesions:
a)Supraglottic

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Subglottic
c)Tracheal
d)Bronchus
CorrectAnswer-A
AnswerA.Supraglottic

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Generally,aninspiratorystridorsuggestsairwayobstructionabove
theglottis.
Whileanexpiratorystridorisindicativeofobstructioninthelower
trachea.
Abiphasicstridorsuggestsaglotticorsubglotticlesion.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

149.InRetinitispigmentosadecreasedlevel
of?
a)Arachidonic
b)Trielonic
c)Thromboxane

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Docosahexanoicacid
CorrectAnswer-D
Answer.D.Docosahexanoicacid

---

150.Whatisagainsttherulecorrectionin
astigmatism:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)-1.25cyl90
b)-2spherical180
c)-3cyl180
d)+2cyl180
CorrectAnswer-A:D

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

TypesofregularastigmatismDependingupontheaxisandthe
anglebetweenthetwoprincipalmeridia,regularastigmatismcanbe
classifiedintothefollowingtypes:
1.With-the-ruleastigmatism.Inthistypethetwoprincipalmeridia
areplacedatrightanglestooneanotherbuttheverticalmeridianis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

morecurvedthanthehorizontal.Thus,correctionofthisastigmatism
willrequiretheconcavecylindersat180?20?orconvexcylindrical
lensat90?20?.Thisiscalled'with-the-rule'astigmatism,because
similarastigmaticconditionexistsnormally(theverticalmeridianis
normallyrendered0.25Dmoreconvexthanthehorizontalmeridian

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

bythepressureofeyelids).
2.Against-the-ruleastigmatismreferstoanastigmaticconditionin
whichthehorizontalmeridianismorecurvedthanthevertical
meridian.Therefore,correctionofthisastigmatismwillrequirethe
presciptionofconvexcylindricallensat180?20?orconcave

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

cylindricallensat90?20?axis.
***WEHAVETOMUGTHISUP:Aplusat90,orminusat180
accountsfor"withtheruleastigmatism***

---

151.Morbidfearofdarknessknownas:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Claustrophobia
b)Xenophobia
c)Mysophobia
d)Nyctophobia
CorrectAnswer-D

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer.D.Nyctophobia
Nyctophobiaisanextremefearofnightordarknessthatcancause
intensesymptomsofanxietyanddepression.
Afearbecomesaphobiawhenit'sexcessive,irrational,orimpacts
yourday-to-daylife.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Claustrophobiaisaformofanxietydisorder,inwhichanirrational
fearofhavingnoescapeorbeingclosed-incanleadtoapanic
attack.
xenophobia.:fearandhatredofstrangersorforeignersorof
anythingthatisstrangeorforeign.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Mysophobia,alsoknownasverminophobia,germophobia,
germaphobia,bacillophobiaandbacteriophobia,isapathological
fearofcontaminationandgerms.

---

152.Achildhasptosisandpoorlevator
function.Whatsurgerywillyoudo?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Levatormuscleresection
b)Mullerectomy
c)FasanellaServatsurgery
d)Frontalissuspensionsurgery
CorrectAnswer-D

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

AnswerD.Frontalissuspensionsurgery
Mullermuscleresectionsaretypicallyusedforrepairofminimal
ptosis(2mm)andaregenerallyconsideredsuperiortothe
Fasanella-Servatprocedure(tarsoconjunctivalmullerectomy)in
maintainingeyelidcontourandpreservingthetarsus.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Whenlevatorfunctionispoor,thesurgeonshouldconsiderutilizing
theaccessoryelevatorsoftheeyelidinptosisrepair.Thistypeof
surgeryismostcommonlyrequiredincongenitalptosiswithpoor
levatorfunctionorinvariousformsofneurogenicptosiswithpoor
levatorfunction.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Frontalissuspensionsurgeryperformedwhenlevatorfunctionispoor
orabsent,theeyelidissuspendeddirectlyfromthefrontalismuscle
sothatmovementofthebrowisefficientlytransmittedtotheeyelid.
Thus,thepatientisabletoelevatetheeyelidbyusingthefrontalis
muscletoliftthebrow.Frontalissuspensioncanbeperformed

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

transcutaneouslyortransconjunctivally.Thissurgeryconnectsthe
eyelidtothebrowwithaslingmaterialandutilizesthepowerofthe
frontalismuscletoelevatethepoorlyfunctioningeyelid.

---

153.Whichdrugcausesocularhypotension
withapneainaninfant?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Latanoprost
b)Timolol
c)Brimonidine
d)Dorzolamide
CorrectAnswer-C

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer.C.Brimonidine
Brimonidineisarelativelyselectivealpha-agonist,whichreduces
intraocularpressure(IOP)bydecreasingaqueousproductionand
increasinguveoscleraloutflow.
Brimonidinepassesthroughtheblood-brainbarrier,potentially

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

causingcentralnervoussystem(CNS)toxicity.
Therehavebeenreportsofbradycardia,hypotension,hypothermia,
hypotonia,andapneaininfantsaftertopicalbrimonidine.

---

154.Chemotherapyagentsfor
retinoblastoma:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)vincristine,carboplatinandetoposide
b)vinblastine,etoposideandbleomycin
c)vinblastine,vincristineandetoposide
d)vinblastine,vincristineandcisplatin
CorrectAnswer-A

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer.A.Vincristine,carboplatinandetoposide
ChemotherapyforRetinoblastoma
Chemotherapy(chemo)istheuseofanti-cancerdrugstotreat
cancer.
Chemocanbegivenindifferentwaystotreatretinoblastoma.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Someofthechemodrugsusedtotreatretinoblastomainclude:
1. Carboplatin
2. Cisplatin
3. Vincristine
4. Etoposide

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. Cyclophosphamide
6. Topotecan
7. Doxorubicin
Mostoften,2or3drugsaregivenatthesametime.
Astandardcombinationiscarboplatin,vincristine,andetoposide,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

althoughforverysmalltumors,onlycarboplatinandvincristinemay
beenough.
Otherdrugsmightbeusedifthesearenoteffective.

---

155.Drugusedinacutecongestiveglaucoma
are:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Atropine
b)Pilocarpine
c)Acetazolamide
d)BothB&C
CorrectAnswer-D

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer.D.BothPilocarpine&Acetazolamide
Managementofangleclosureglaucoma
Acutecongestiveglaucomaalsoisknownasacuteangleclosure
glaucoma.
ImmediatemedicaltherapyinacuteACconsistsofcommencing

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

IOP-loweringeyemedicationssuchastopical?-blocker,a2-agonist
andevenprostaglandinanaloguesassoonaspossible.
OncetheIOPissufficientlyreducedtoallowirisreperfusion,
pilocarpineisinstilledtoinducemiosisinanattempttowidenthe
anteriorchamberanglesandreestablishaqueousoutflow.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Mydriaticdrugssuchasatropine,cyclopentolate,tropicamideand
phenylephrineareprecipitatingfactorforangleclosureglaucoma,so
notused(contraindicated)initstreatment.

---

156.WhichistheMostcommonocular
findinginmyastheniagravis?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Ptosis
b)Lagophthalmos
c)Proptosis
d)Enophthalmos
CorrectAnswer-A

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer.A.Ptosis
Inmorethanhalfthepeoplewhodevelopmyastheniagravis,
theirfirstsignsandsymptomsinvolveeyeproblems,suchas:
1. Droopingofoneorbotheyelids(ptosis).
2. Doublevision(diplopia),whichmaybehorizontalorvertical,and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

improvesorresolveswhenoneeyeisclosed.

---

157.Esotropiaisusuallyassociatedwith:
a)Myopia
b)Hypermetropia
c)Astigmatism

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Presbyopia
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.B.Hypermetropia
Accommodativeesotropiaisoneofthemostcommontypesof
strabismusinchildhood.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Theincidenceisestimatedat2%ofthepopulation.
Itisusuallyfoundinpatientswithmoderateamountsofhyperopia.
Asthepatientaccommodatesorfocusestheeyes,theeyes
converge.

---

158.Whichwallofheartenlargementcanbe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

seenonbariumswallowinpatientwith
mitralstenosis-
a)Leftatrium
b)Rightatrium
c)Leftventricle

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Rightventricle
CorrectAnswer-D
Answer.D.Rightventricle
Mitralstenosisisassociatedwithrightventricularhypertrophy.
LeftventriculardiastolicpressureisnormalinisolatedMS.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Mitralstenosis:Features
leftatrialpressureisincreased
pulmonaryarterialpressureisincreased
Increasedrightventricularafterloadimpedestheemptyingofthis
chamberandRightventricularenddiastolicpressureandvolume

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

increase.
Rightventricularhypertrophyoccurs.

---

159.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue
aboutthebundleofkent?
a)Abnormalpathwaybetweentwoatria

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Itismuscularornodalpathwaybetweentheatriaandventricle
inWPWsyndrome
c)ItisslowerthantheAVnodalpathway
d)None
CorrectAnswer-B

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer.B.Itismuscularornodalpathwaybetweentheatria
andventricleinWPWsyndrome
TheWolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndromeisdefinedbythecombination
ofanatrioventricularpre-excitation(bundleofKent)andparoxysmal
supraventriculartachycardias.Thediagnosisofatrioventricularpre-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

excitationinsinusrhythmisestablishedontheassociationbetween
ashortPRinterval,awideQRS,adeltawave,anormalterminal
QRSportionandfrequentrepolarizationdisorders.

---

160.Deepvenousthrombosiswhichis
incorrect?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Clinicalassessmenthighlyreliable
b)Mostlybilateral
c)Mostcommonclinicallypresentsaspainandtendernessincalf
d)Somecasesmaydirectlypresentaspulmonary
thromboembolism

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-B
Answer.B.Mostlybilateral
Wellsscoreorcriteria:(possiblescore-2to9)
Activecancer(treatmentwithinlast6monthsorpalliative):+1point
Calfswelling=3cmcomparedtoasymptomaticcalf(measured10

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

cmbelowtibialtuberosity):+1point
Swollenunilateralsuperficialveins(non-varicose,insymptomatic
leg):+1point
Unilateralpittingedema(insymptomaticleg):+1point
PreviousdocumentedDVT:+1point

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Swellingofentireleg:+1point
Localizedtendernessalongthedeepvenoussystem:+1point
Paralysis,paresis,orrecentcastimmobilizationoflowerextremities:
+1point
Recentlybedridden=3days,ormajorsurgeryrequiringregionalor

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

generalanestheticinthepast12weeks:+1point
Alternativediagnosisatleastaslikely:-2points

---

161.Punchedoutulcerinesophagusisseen
in
a)herpes

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)cmv
c)Oesophagitis
d)candida
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer.C.Oesophagitis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Itislikelytopresentwithasingle,largeshallowlinearulceras
opposedtothemultiplevesicular/"punched-out"ulcersseenin
herpesesophagitis.

---

162.Typeofsensationlostonsamesideof
BrownSequardsyndrome-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Pain
b)Touch
c)Proprioception
d)Temperature
CorrectAnswer-C

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer.C.Proprioception
Damagetoonehalfofthespinalcord,resultinginparalysisandloss
ofproprioceptiononthesame(oripsilateral)sideastheinjuryor
lesion,andlossofpainandtemperaturesensationontheopposite
(orcontralateral)sideasthelesion.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

163.Achondroplasiashowswhichtype
inheritance-
a)XLR
b)XLD
c)Autosomalrecessive

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Autosomaldominant
CorrectAnswer-D
Answer.D.Autosomaldominant
Achondroplasiaisinheritedinanautosomaldominantpattern,
whichmeansonecopyofthealteredgeneineachcellissufficientto

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

causethedisorder.

---

164.MELDscoreincludes
a)Serumcreatinine
b)Transaminase
c)Albumin

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Alkalinephosphatase
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer.A.Serumcreatinine
TheModelforEnd-stageLiverDisease(MELD)isaprospectively
developedandvalidatedchronicliverdiseaseseverityscoring

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

systemthatusesapatient'slaboratoryvaluesfor?
LiSerumbilirubin
Serumcreatinine
Theinternationalnormalizedratio(INR)forprothrombintimeto
predictthreemonthsurvival.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Patientswithcirrhosis,andincreasingMELDscoreisassociated
withincreasingseverityofhepaticdysfunctionandincreasedthree-
monthmortalityrisk.
Givenitsaccuracyinpredictingshort-termsurvivalamongpatients
withcirrhosis,MELDwasadoptedbytheUnitednetworkfororgan

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

sharing(UNOS)in2002forprioritizationorpatientsawaitingliver
transplantationintheUnitedstates.

---

165.Infarctsinvolvingwhichportionofthe
myocardiumcauseaneurysmasapost-
MIcomplication-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Subendocardial
b)Anteriortransmural
c)Posteriortransmural
d)Inferiorwall
CorrectAnswer-D

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer.D.Inferiorwall
Leftventricularaneurysmformation:
Leftventricularapicalaneurysmformationusuallyoccursfollowing
antero-apicalmyocardialinfarction,afterLADocclusion.
Thisweakeningoftheapicalwallresultsinanoutpouchingor

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

"dyskinesis"oftheapexoftheheartduringsystole.

---

166.Riskfactorsforalzheimer'sdisease
include-
a)Klinefeltersyndrome
b)LowBP

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Down'ssyndrome
d)None
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer.C.Down'ssyndrome
PeoplewithDownsyndromearebornwithanextracopyof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

chromosome21,whichcarriestheAPPgene.Thisgeneproducesa
specificproteincalledamyloidprecursorprotein(APP)withage
thesegetaccumulatedinthebraincellandaffectsthefunctioningof
thebrainleadingtoalzheimer'sdementia.

---

167.Afemalepatientof26years,presents

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

withoralulcers,photosensitivityand
skinmalarrashinfacesparingthe
nasolabialfoldsofbothside.
a)Sturgewebersyndrome
b)SLE

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Dermatitis
d)Psoriasis
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer-B(SLE)
Commonsymptomsincludepainfulandswollenjoints,fever,chest

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

pain,hairloss,mouthulcers,swollenlymphnodes,feelingtired,and
aredrashwhichismostcommonlyontheface.

---

168.Mostcharacteristiccardiovasculardefect
seeninRubella-
a)Pulmonaryarterystenosis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Coarctationofaorta
c)Ankylosisspondylitis
d)Rheumaticfever
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer.A.Pulmonaryarterystenosis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Theclassictriadforcongenitalrubellasyndromeis:
Sensorineuraldeafness(58%ofpatients)
Eyeabnormalities?especiallyretinopathy,cataract,and
microphthalmiaCongenitalheartdisease?especiallypulmonary
arterystenosisandpatentductusarteriosus.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

169.OsbornJwavesisseenin-
a)Hypothermia
b)Hyperkalemia
c)Hypocalemia
d)Hypokalemia

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-A
Answer.A.Hypothermia
Causepeoplesufferingfromhypothermiawithatemperatureofless
than32?C(90?F).

---

170.Alcoholicshowswhichtypeof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

cardiomyopathy-
a)Hypercardiomyopathy
b)Dilatedcardiomyopathy
c)Pericarditis
d)Myocarditis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-B
Answer.B.Dilatedcardiomyopathy
Alcoholiccardiomyopathyisadiseaseinwhichthechroniclong-
termabuseofalcohol(i.e.,ethanol)leadstoheartfailure.Alcoholic
cardiomyopathyisatypeofdilatedcardiomyopathy.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

171.WhichisnotrelatedtoHIV
a)PrimaryCNSlymphoma
b)Tertiarysyphilis
c)Oesophagealcandidasis
d)None

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-B
Answer.B.Tertiarysyphilis
TertiarySyphilishasnorelationtoHIVstatusandprimarilybasedon
thedurationoftheinfectionandcomplicationsofSyphilis.

---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

172.Essentialmajorbloodculturecriteriafor
infectiveendocarditis.
a)Singlepositivecultureofhacek
b)Singlepositivecultureofcoxiella
c)Singlepositivecultureofcornybacterium

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Botha&b
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer.A.SinglepositivecultureofHACEK

---

173.Respiratorycentresarestimulatedby
a)Oxygen

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Lacticacid
c)Carbondioxide
d)Calcium
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer.C.Carbondioxide

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thebody'srespiratorycenterinthemedullaisnormallystimulated
byanincreasedconcentrationofcarbondioxide,andtoalesser
extent,bydecreasedlevelsofoxygeninarterialblood.Stimulation
oftherespiratorycentercausesanincreaseintherateanddepthof
breathing,thusblowingoffexcesscarbondioxideandreducing

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

bloodacidity.

---

174.Whichmurmurincreasesonstanding?
a)HOCM
b)MR
c)MS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)VSD
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer.A.HOCM
MurmurwillgetsofterwithValsalvaorstandingfromsquatting
becauselessbloodisbeingejectedthroughtheaorticvalve.Rapid

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

squattingfromastandingpositionforcesincreasedvenousreturn
andwouldhavetheoppositeeffectofValsalvaorrapidstanding.

---

175.Mostcommonindicationforliver
transplantinchildren-
a)Biliaryatresia

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Cirrhosis
c)Hepatitis
d)Drugreactions
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer-A(Biliaryatresia)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Indicationsforlivertransplantationininfantsandchildreninclude
acuteliverfailure(ALF),chronicliverfailurewithpruritus,
complicationsofcholestasisandfailuretothrive.Inyoungchildren,
themostcommonliverdiseaseleadingtotransplantationisbiliary
atresia

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

176.Mostcommontypeofgallstoneis-
a)Mixedstones
b)Purecholesterolstones
c)Pigmentstones
d)Calciumbilirubinate

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-A
Answer-A
Mixed-Between4%and20%ofstonesaremixed.
Pigment-Between2%and30%ofstonesarebilirubinstones.
Cholesterol-Between35%and90%ofstonesarecholesterol

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

stones.
Themostcommontypeofgallstoneswasmixedcholesteroltype
gallstoneswith67.5%followedbyblackpigmentandbrownpigment
typesas23.83%and5.89%,respectively.
Mixedstonesare90%common.Itcontainscholesterol,calcium

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

saltsofphosphatecarbonate,palmitate,proteins,andaremultiple
faceted.

---

177.Serpiginousulcerdistalesophagus-
a)CMV
b)Herpes

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Pill
d)Corrosive
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer-A(CMV)
CMVclassicallycausesserpiginousulcersinthedistalesophagus

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

thatmaycoalescetoformgiantulcers.

---

178.Omphaloceleiscausedby?
a)Duplicationsofintestinalloops
b)Abnormalrotationoftheintestinalloop
c)Failureofguttoreturntothebodycavityfromitsphysiological

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

herniation
d)Reversedrotationoftheintestinalloop
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C(Failureofguttoreturntothebodycavityfromits
physiologicalherniation)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Failureofguttoreturntothebodycavityfromitsphysiological
herniation.Exomphalos(omphalocele)isherniationofabdominal
viscerathroughanenlargedumbilicalring.Theviscera,whichmay
includeliver,smallandlargeintestines,stomach,spleen,orbladder,
arecoveredbyamnion.Theoriginofomphaloceleisafailureofthe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

boweltoreturntothebodycavityfromitsphysiologicalherniation
duringthe6thto10thweeks.

---

179.Dohlmanprocedurefor-
a)Meckel'sdiverticulum
b)Zenker'sdiverticulum

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Dermatomyositis
d)Menetrier'sdisease
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer-B(Zenker'sdiverticulum)
Thetreatmentofpharyngealpouches(Zenker'sDiverticulum)may

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

bebyeitheropensurgicalorendoscopictechniques.The
endoscopicDohlman'sprocedureisanidealtechniqueinthe
elderly.

---

180.Ifamotherisdonatingkidneytoherson
isanexample-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Isograft
b)Allograft
c)Autograft
d)Xenograft
CorrectAnswer-B

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer-B(Allograft)
Allograft?Graftingbetweentwonon-identicalmemberofsame
speciesbutnotsamegenotypes.Itincludesthetransplantationof
heart,kidney,lungetc,fromamemberswhodonatetheirorgans.
Anti?rejectiondrugsorimmunosuppressantneedtobetakento

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

preventthebodyfromrejectingatransplantedorgan.
Mosthumantissueandorgantransplantsareallografts.

---

181.Uvulavesicaeisproducedbywhich
prostatelobe?
a)Anteriorlobe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Postlobe
c)Medianlobe
d)Laterallobe
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C(medianlobe)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Themucousmembraneimmediatelybehindtheinternalurethral
orificepresentsaslightelevation,theuvulaofurinarybladder,
causedbythemedianlobeoftheprostate.
Itisoftenenlargedinbenignprostatichypertrophy.

---

182.TrueaboutBarrett'sesophagusareallof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

thefollowingexcept:
a)Causesadenocarcinoma
b)Patientisusuallyasymptomatic
c)Histologyofthelesionshowsmucussecretinggobletcells
d)Chronicgastroesophagealrefluxisapredisposingfactor

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-A
Answer-
Barrettesophagusisapremalignantconditionthatinvolvesthe
distalesophagusandappearstoberelatedtochronic
gastroesophagealreflux(GORD).

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thereismetaplasticchangeintheliningmucosaofesophagus.
PatientisusuallyasymptomaticinacaseofBarrett'sEsophagus.
HistologyofthelesioninacaseofBarrett'sesophagusshows
mucussecretinggobletcells.
DiagnosisofBarrett'sesophagusismadebydemonstrationof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

columnarmucosa,whichonhistopathologyshowsIntestinaltypeof
metaplasia
ChronicrefluxisacasueofBarrett'sEsophagus.

---

183.Parathyroidautoimplantationtakesplace
inwhichofthemuscle?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Biceps
b)Triceps
c)Brachioradialis
d)Sartorius
CorrectAnswer-C

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer-C(Brachioradialis)
Atotalparathyroidectomywithaforearmautograftinvolvesremoval
ofallparathyroidtissueintheneck,withreimplantationofasmall
amountofmorcellatedtissuewithinapocketformedinthe
brachioradialismuscle.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

184.Bell'spalsyisassociatedwiththelesion
inwhichofthenerve?
a)11thcranialnerve
b)7thcranialnerve
c)9thcranialnerve

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)3rdcranialnerve
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer-B(7thcranialnerve)
Bell'spalsyoccursduetoamalfunctionofthefacialnerve(VII
cranialnerve),whichcontrolsthemusclesoftheface.Facialpalsyis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

typifiedbyinabilitytocontrolmovementinthemusclesoffacial
expression.

---

185.Cushingulcerisseenincaseof-
a)Burns
b)Headinjury

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Cellnecrosis
d)Stress
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer-B(Headinjury)
Cushingulcersareassociatedwithabraintumororheadinjuryand

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

typicallyaresingle,deepulcersthatarepronetoperforation.
Itisagastriculcerassociatedwithelevatedintracranialpressure.It
isalsocalledvonRokitansky?Cushingsyndrome.
ThemechanismofdevelopmentofCushingulcersisthoughttobe
duetodirectstimulationofvagalnucleiasaresultofincreased

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

intracranialpressure.Braintumors,traumaticheadinjury,andother
intracranialprocessesincludinginfections,cancauseincreased
intracranialpressureandleadtooverstimulationofthevagusnerve.

---

186.Gaslessabdomenseenin-
a)Ulcerativecolitis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Acutepancreatitis
c)Intussusception
d)Necrotisingenterocolitis
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer-B(acutepancreatitis)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Commoncausesinclude:
Inadult:
-Highobstruction.
-Ascites.
-Acutepancreatitisduetoexcessvomiting.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-Fluidfilledintestine.
-Largeabdominalmass.
ACUTEPANCREATITIS-radiologysigns
renalhalosign
gaslessabdomen

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

groundglassappearance
coloncutoffsign
sentinelloop

---

187.Bidextrousgripisseenatwhatage?
a)4months

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)5months
c)6months
d)7months
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.4months

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FINEMOTORMILESTONES:
Age
Milestone
4months Bidextrousreach
6months Unidextrousreach

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9months Immaturepincergrasp
12months Maturepincergrasp
Imitatesscribbling,towerof2
15months blocks
18months Scribbles,towerof3blocks

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Towerof6blocks,vertical&
2years
circularstroke
3years
Towerof9blocks,copiescircle

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4years
Copiescross,bridgewithblocks
5years
Copiestriangle

---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

188.Whichvaccinetobegiveneveryyear?
a)HepatitisA
b)HepatitisB
c)Influenza
d)Chickenpox

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-C
Ans.C.Influenza
Influenza(Flu):Thefluvaccineisrecommendedeveryyearfor
children6monthsandolder:
Kidsyoungerthan9whogetthefluvaccineforthefirsttime(orwho

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

haveonlyhadonedosebeforeJuly2017)willgetitintwoseparate
dosesatleastamonthapart.
Thoseyoungerthan9whohavehadatleasttwodosesofflu
vaccinepreviously(inthesameordifferentseasons)willonlyneed
onedose.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Kidsolderthan9onlyneedonedose.
Thevaccineisgivenbyinjectionwithaneedle(theflushot)orby
nasalspray.Theflushotispreferredforchildrenofallagesbecause
ithasbeenshowntobesafeandeffective.Althoughthenasalspray
wasnotusedinrecentyears,achangedversionofitisnow

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

recommended(forthe2018?2019fluseason)forkidswhomay
otherwisenotgetaflushot.Thenasalsprayisonlyforhealthy
peopleages2through49.Peoplewithweakenedimmunesystems
orsomehealthconditions(suchasasthma)andpregnantwomen
shouldnotgetthenasalsprayvaccine.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

189.APGARscore3at1minuteindicates:
a)Mildlydepressed
b)Furtherresuscitationnotneeded
c)Severelydepressed
d)Normal

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-C
Ans.C.Severelydepressed
APGARCRITERIA:
Component
Scoreof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Scoreof1
Scoreof2
of
0
backronym

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

blueat
nocyanosis
blueor
extremities
bodyand

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Skincolor
paleall
Appearance
bodypink
extremities

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

over
(acrocyanosis) pink
<100beatsper >100beats
Pulserate
absent

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Pulse
minute
perminute
no
grimaceon

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Reflex
response suctionor
cryon
irritability
Grimace

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

to
aggressive
stimulation
grimace
stimulation stimulation

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

flexedarms
andlegsthat
Activity
none
someflexion

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Activity
resist
extension
Respiratory
weak,irregular, strong,robust

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

absent
Respiration
effort
gasping
cry

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

INTERPRETATION:
Thetestisgenerallydoneat1and5minutesafterbirthandmaybe
repeatedlaterifthescoreisandremainslow.
Scores7andabovearegenerallynormal
Score4to6,fairlylow

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Score:3andbelowaregenerallyregardedascriticallylowand
causeforimmediateresuscitativeefforts.

---

190.SevereacutemalnutritionasperWHO
criteria-
a)Weightforagelessthanmedianplus?2SD

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Weightforheightlessthanmedianplus2SD
c)Weightforagelessthanmedianplus3SD
d)Weightforheightlessthanmedianminus-3SD
CorrectAnswer-D
Ans.D.Weightforheightlessthanmedianminus-3SD

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Severeacutemalnutritionisdefinedbyaverylowweightforheight
(below-3zscoresofthemedianWHOgrowthstandards),byvisible
severewasting,orbythepresenceofnutritionaloedema.
WorldHealthOrganization(WHO)classificationofnutritionalstatus
ofinfantsandchildren:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Nutritionalstatus
Age:birthto5years
Weight-for-length/heightorBMI-for-age>3
Obese
standarddeviations(SD)ofthemedian

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Weight-for-length/heightorBMI-for-age>2SD
Overweight
and3SDofthemedian
Moderately
Weight-for-age

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

underweight
Severely
Weight-for-age
underweight
Weight-for-length/heightorBMI-for-age?2SD

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Moderateacute
and?3SDofthemedian,ormid-upperarm
malnutrition
circumference115mmand
Severeacute

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Weight-for-length/heightorBMI-for-age
malnutrition
Moderatelystunted

---

Moderatelystunted Length/height-for-age?2SDand?3SDof
(moderatechronic themedian

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

malnutrition)
Severelystunted
(severechronic
Length/height-for-age
malnutrition)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Weight-for-length/height?2SDand?3SDof
Moderatelywasted themedian
Severelywasted
Weight-for-length/height

---

191.Wheretolookforpre-ductalO2

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

saturationinPDAina3minuteborn
infant?
a)FetalleftUpperlimb
b)Fetalleftlowerlimb
c)FetalrightUpperlimb

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Fetalrightlowerlimb
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans.C.FetalrightUpperlimb
Asimplerwaytodetectthisright-to-leftshuntingistousetwopulse
oximetersandmeasurepreductalandpostductalSpO2.Inone

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

studyitwasfoundthatarterialsaturationintherightarm(preductal)
ofatleast3%abovethelowerlimb(postductal)isevidenceofright-
to-leftductalshunting.

---

192.TrueaboutFragileXsyndromeis-
a)TriplenucleotideCAGSequencemutation

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)10%Femalecarriersmentallyretarded
c)MaleshaveIQ20-40
d)Gainoffunctionmutation
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans.C.MaleshaveIQ20-40

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FragileXSyndrome
FragileXsyndromeisassociatedwithafragilesiteonchromosome
X(Xq29.3)
TriplenucleotideCGGSequencemutation
About20%ofwomenwhoarecarriersforthefragileXpremutation

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

areaffectedbyfragileX-relatedprimaryovarianinsufficiency.
IndividualswithFXSmaypresentanywhereonacontinuumfrom
learningdisabilitiesinthecontextofanormalintelligencequotient
(IQ)tosevereintellectualdisability,withanaverageIQof40in
maleswhohavecompletesilencingoftheFMR1gene.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Fragilesitesareregionsofchromosomesthatshowatendencyto
separationbreakageorattenuationtinderparticulargrowth
conditions.
Inheritance
InheritancedoesnotfollowtheusualMendeliansinglegenepatterns

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ItisduetoAllelicexpansion.
ClinicalManifestations:
Themainclinicalmanifestationsare:
1.MentalRetardation
Infactitisthecommonestcauseofmentalretardationinmales.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2.Macroorchidism.

---

3.Characteristicfacialappearancewith:
Longface
Largeprominentears

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ProminentJaw

---

193.Footdropiscausedbyinjurytowhich
nerveinvolvement:
a)Femoralnerve
b)Tibialnerve

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Commonperonealnerve
d)Sciaticnerve
CorrectAnswer-C
AnswerC)CommonPeronealNerve
Footdrop,sometimescalleddropfoot,isageneraltermfor

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

difficultyliftingthefrontpartofthefoot.
Causes
Footdropiscausedbyweaknessorparalysisofthemuscles
involvedinliftingthefrontpartofthefoot.
Causesoffootdropmightinclude:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Nerveinjury.Themostcommoncauseoffootdropiscompression
ofanerveinyourlegthatcontrolsthemusclesinvolvedinliftingthe
foot(peronealnerve).Thisnervecanalsobeinjuredduringhipor
kneereplacementsurgery,whichmaycausefootdrop.
2. Anerverootinjury--"pinchednerve"--inthespinecanalso

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

causefootdrop.Peoplewhohavediabetesaremoresusceptibleto
nervedisorders,whichareassociatedwithfootdrop.
3. Muscleornervedisorders.Variousformsofmusculardystrophy,
aninheriteddiseasethatcausesprogressivemuscleweakness,can
contributetofootdrop.Socanotherdisorders,suchaspolioor

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Charcot-Marie-Toothdisease.
4. Brainandspinalcorddisorders.Disordersthataffectthespinal
cordorbrain--suchasamyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS),multiple
sclerosisorstroke--maycausefootdrop.

---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

194.

---

Whichpartofscaphoidfractureismost
susceptibletoavascularnecrosis?
a)Distal1/3rd
b)Middle1/3rd

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Proximal1/3rd
d)ScaphoidTubercle
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer.C.Proximal1/3rd
Scaphoidfractures(i.e.fracturesthroughthescaphoidbone)are

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

common,insomeinstancescanbedifficulttodiagnose,andcan
resultinsignificantfunctionalimpairment.
Epidemiology
Scaphoidfracturesaccountfor70-80%ofallcarpalbonefractures.
Althoughtheyoccuressentiallyatanyage,adolescentsandyoung

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

adultsaremostcommonlyaffected.
Olderpatientsfallinginasimilarmanneraremorelikelytosustaina
distalradialfracture(usuallyaCollesfracture).
ClinicalPresentation
Classicallytherecanbepaininanatomicalsnuffboxwhichisthought

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

tohaveasensitivityof~90%andaspecificity~40%
Fracturescanoccuressentiallyanywherealongthescaphoid,but
distributionisnoteven:
1. waistofscaphoid:70-80%
2. proximalpole:20%

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. distalpole(orso-calledscaphoidtubercle):10%

---

---

195.Pott'spuffytumor:
a)Subperiostealabscessoffrontalbone
b)Subperiostealabscessofethmoidbone

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Mucoceleoffrontalbone
d)Mucoceleofethmoidbone
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer.A.Subperiostealabscessoffrontalbone
Pott'spuffytumor,firstdescribedbySirPercivallPottin1760,isa

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

rareclinicalentitycharacterizedbysubperiostealabscess
associatedwithosteomyelitis.
Itischaracterizedbyanosteomyelitisofthefrontalbone,either
directorthroughhaematogenousspread.
Thisresultsinaswellingontheforehead,hencethename.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Theinfectioncanalsospreadinwards,leadingtoanintracranial
abscess.
Pott'spuffytumorcanbeassociatedwithcorticalveinthrombosis,
epiduralabscess,subduralempyema,andbrainabscess.

---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

196.Scissorgaitisseeninwhichofthe
followingcondition:
a)Polio
b)Cerebralpalsy

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Hyperbilirubinemia
d)Hyponatremia
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer.B.Cerebralpalsy
Scissorgaitisaformofgaitabnormalityprimarilyassociatedwith

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

spasticcerebralpalsy.
Thatconditionandotherslikeitareassociatedwithanuppermotor
neuronlesion.

---

197.Whichstatementisincorrectaboutthe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

pathologyshownintheimage:
a)Tumorarisefromepiphysealtometaphysealregion
b)Tumorhasdistinctmargin
c)Eccentriclesion
d)Chemotherapyisthetreatmentofchoice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-D
Answer.D.Chemotherapyisthetreatmentofchoice
GivenimageisofGiantcelltumor
Giantcelltumorsofbone,alsoknownasosteoclastomas,are
relativelycommonbonetumorsandareusuallybenign.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Theytypicallyarisefromthemetaphysisoflongbones,extend
intotheepiphysisadjacenttothejointsurface,andhavea
narrowzoneoftransition.
Classicappearance

---

Therearefourcharacteristicradiographicfeatureswhenagiantcell

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

tumorislocatedinalongbone:
occursonlywithaclosedgrowthplate
abutsarticularsurface:84-99%comewithin1cmofthearticular
surface1
well-definedwithnon-scleroticmargin(though

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

eccentric:iflargethismaybedifficulttoassess
Treatment
Classically,treatmentiswithcurettageandpackingwithbonechips
orpolymethylmethacrylate(PMMA).

---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

198.Whatshouldbethemostlikelydiagnosis
ofthis65yearoldladypresentswith
backacheandfollowingradiographof
thespineshowninimage?
a)Osteoporosis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Spondylolisthesis
c)Spondylolysis
d)Discitis
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer.B.Spondylolisthesis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Spondylolisthesisissubluxationoflumbarvertebrae,usually
occurringduringadolescence.
Itusuallyresultsfromacongenitaldefectintheparsinterarticularis
(spondylolysis).

---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Spondylolisthesisisusuallyfixed(ie,permanentandlimitedin
degree).ItusuallyinvolvestheL3-L4,L4-L5,orL5-S1vertebrae.
Spondylolisthesisoftenoccursinadolescentsoryoungadultswho
areathletesandwhohavehadonlyminimaltrauma;thecauseisa
lumbarvertebraweakenedbyacongenitaldefectinthepars

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

interarticularis(spondylolysis).
Thisdefectcaneasilyleadtofractures;separationofthefracture
fragmentscausesthesubluxation.Spondylolisthesiscanalsooccur
withminimaltraumainpatientswhoare>60andhave
osteoarthritis.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ifmildtomoderate(subluxationof=50%),spondylolisthesis,
particularlyintheyoung,maycauselittleornopain.
Spondylolisthesiscanpredisposetolaterdevelopmentofspinal
stenosis.
Ifduetomajortrauma,spondylolisthesiscancausespinalcord

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

compressionorotherneurologicdeficits;thesedeficitsrarelyoccur.
[Thisx-rayshowsstage1spondylolisthesisofL5onS1.The
blackarrowshowstheposteriorborderofL5,whichsubluxes
anteriortoS1.Theredarrowpointstothespondylolysis
(congenitaldefectintheparsinterarticularis).]

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

Spondylolisthesisisstagedaccordingtothepercentageofvertebral
bodylengththatonevertebrasubluxesovertheadjacentvertebra:
StageI:0to25%
StageII:25to50%
StageIII:50to75%

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

StageIV:75to100%
Spondylolisthesisisevidentonplainlumbarx-rays.Thelateralview
isusuallyusedforstaging.Flexionandextensionviewsmaybe
donetocheckforinstability.
Treatment

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Usuallysymptomatic.
Physicaltherapywithlumbarstabilizationexercisesmaybehelpful.

---

199.Whichofthefollowingattitudewillbeseeninapatientwithposterior
dislocationofhip?
a)Flexion,Abduction,Internalrotation

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Flexion,Adduction,Internalrotation
c)Flexion,Abduction,Externalrotation
d)Flexion,Adduction,Externalrotation
CorrectAnswer-B
Dislocationsareusuallyposterior,andoccasionallyanterior,orcentralthroughthe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

acetabulum.
Posteriordislocation:Hipisflexed,adducted,andinternallyrotated,andlegisshortened.
Anteriordislocation:Hipisflexed,abducted,andexternallyrotated,andlegisshortened.
Centraldislocation:Trochanterisdisplacedmedially.Onemaybeabletofeeltheheadof
femurrectally.Thereisnoshortening.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

200.TrueaboutTenosynovitisoffinger?
a)Fingersheldinmildextension/Extensiondeformityatthe
involvedfingers.
b)Tenosynovitisoflittlefingerwillspreadtothumbratherthanring
finger.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Withinvolvementoflittlefingertheinfectioncanspreadtothe
indexfinger.
d)Treatmentisconservative.
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.B.Tenosynovitisoflittlefingerwillspreadtothumbratherthan

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ringfinger
Infectionofthesynovialsheaththatsurroundstheflexortendon
Infectionfromtheflexortendonsheathofthethumbcanalsoextend
alongtheradialbursatothespaceofParonaandthenintotheulnar
bursaandtheflexortendonsheathofthelittlefinger--andvice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

versa--leadingtoa"horseshoe"abscess.
Horseshoeabscess:
Maydevelopfromspreadpyogenicflexortenosynovitis,ofmany
individualshaveaconnectionbetweenthesheathsofthethumband
littlefingersatthelevelofthewrist

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

201.Mostcommonjointinvolvedinseptic
arthritis:
a)Knee
b)Hip
c)Shoulder

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Elbow
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer.A.Knee
Septicarthritis(Acutesuppurativearthritis)
Septicarthritisreferstopyogenicinfectionofajoint,i.e.,infectionof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ajointbypyogenicorganism(bacteria).
Thejointcanbecomeinfectedby:?
1. Hematogenousspreadfromadistantsite(mostcommonroute).
2. Directinvasionthroughapenetratingwound,intraarticularinjection,
arthroscopy.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Directspreadfromadjacentosteomyelitisespeciallyinjointswhere
Metaphysisisintraarticulare.g.,hipandshoulder.
Clinicalfeatures
Diseaseismorecommoninchildren.
Kneejointisthemostcommonlyaffectedjoint.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Otherjointwhichareaffectedarehip,shoulderandelbow.Thechild
istoxicwithfever,tachycardia,tachypnea.
Thereisseverepain,swelling,andrednessoverthejoint.
Movementsareseverelyrestrictedandthejointisheldinthe
positionofease.Weightbearingonlimbisnotpossible.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

202.Painfularcsyndromepainisfeltduring?
a)Midabduction
b)Initialabduction
c)Fullrangeofabduction
d)Overheadabduction

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-A
Answer.A.Midabduction
PAINFULARCSYNDROME
OtherNames
Impingementsyndrome

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Supraspinatussyndrome
Swimmer'ssyndrome
Thrower'sshoulder
Clinicalsyndromecharacterizedbypainintheshoulderduringan
arcofmovementbetween60?and120?ofabduction.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

Etiology:
1. Minortearsofthesupraspinatustendon
2. Supraspinatustendinitis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Calcificationofsupraspinatustendon
4. Subacromialbursitis
5. Fractureofthegreatertuberosity
6. Increaseinbulkofthecontentsinthesubacromialspace,seenin
inflammationoftherotatorcuff

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

203.Whichofthefollowingisfalseas
physiologicalchangeinpregnancy?
a)Increasecardiacoutput
b)Increasetotalprotein
c)Increaseresidualvolume

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)IncreaseGFR
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans.C.Increaseresidualvolume
Therespiratoryrateisessentiallyunchanged,buttidalvolumeand
restingminuteventilationincreasesignificantlyaspregnancy

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

advances.
Thefunctionalresidualcapacityandtheresidualvolumeare
decreasedasaconsequenceoftheelevateddiaphragm.

---

204.Overtgestationaldiabetesisdefinedas
bloodglucosemorethan_?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)>200mg/dl
b)>126mg/dl
c)>100mg/dl
d)>180mg/dl
CorrectAnswer-B

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans.B.>126mg/dl
Iffastingis92-125mg/dlitisdiagnosedasGDMandifitis=126
mg/dlitisdesignatedasovertDiabetes

---

205.MgSO4havenoroleinpreventionof-
a)Seizuresinseverepre-eclampsia

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Recurrentseizuresineclampsia
c)RDSinprematurebaby
d)Bradycardia
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans.C.RDSinprematurebaby

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Indicatedtopreventseizuresassociatedwithpre-eclampsia,andfor
controlofseizureswitheclampsia.
Magnesiumsulfate(MgSO4)iscommonlyusedasananticonvulsant
fortoxemiaandasatocolyticagentforprematurelaborduringthe
lasthalfofpregnancy.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ToxicityofI/Vmagnesiumsulfateincludescardiacarrhythmias,
muscularparalysis,respiratorydepressionandCNSdepressionin
motheraswellastheneonate.

---

206.Greenfrothyvaginaldischargeis
producedby?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Herpessimplex
b)Candidaalbicans
c)Trichomonasvaginalis
d)Normalvaginalflora
CorrectAnswer-C

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans.C.Trichomonasvaginalis
Trichomoniasis?
Itisasexuallytransmitteddisease
Itisalmostentirelyadiseaseofchild-bearingage
Thevaginaldischargeisfrothy,slightlygreenincolourandprofuse.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Therearemultiplepunctatestrawberryspotsonthevaginalvault
andportiovaginalisofcervix.Diagnosis:Cultureis98%reliable

---

207.Whichofthefollowingisanabsolute
CONTRAINDICATIONtoOCPuse:
a)Chronicrenaldisease

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)DVT
c)Diabetesmellitus
d)Historyofamenorrhea
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.B.DVT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Contraindicationstocombinedoralcontraceptives
Theyaregenerallyacceptedtobecontraindicatedinwomenwith
pre-existingcardiovasculardisease,inwomenwhohaveafamilial
tendencytoformbloodclots/thrombosis(suchasfamilialfactorV
Leiden),womenwithsevereobesityand/orhypercholesterolemia

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

(highcholesterollevel),andinsmokersoverage40.
COCParealsocontraindicatedforwomenwithlivertumors,hepatic
adenomaorseverecirrhosisoftheliver,andforthosewithknownor
suspectedbreastcancer.

---

208.Whichofthefollowingstatementis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

correctaboutacutefattyliverof
pregnancy?
a)Occursin1in1000pregnancy
b)Mostlyseeninlasttrimester
c)Commoniffemalefetusispresent

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Maybeassociatedwithdecreaseduricacid
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.B.Mostlyseeninlasttrimester
Acutefattyliverofpregnancyisusuallyseeninobesewoman.
Itismorecommonlyseeninwomancarryingamalefoetus.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Theneonateisatriskoffattyinfiltrationofliver.
ItMorecommonlyoccursin3rdtrimester.
ItMaybeassociatedwith?uricacid.

---

209.Femalewith41wkgestationconfirmed
byradiologicalinvestigation,verysure

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ofherLMP,nouterinecontractions,no
effacementandnodilatation.What
shouldnotbedone?
a)Intracervicalfoley's
b)PGE1tab

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)PGE2gel
d)PGF2alpha
CorrectAnswer-D
Ans.D.PGF2alpha
PgF2alphaisauterinerelaxantsoitcan'tbeusedininductionof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

labour.

---

210.Doubledeciduasignisseenduring-
a)1Sttrimester
b)2ndearlytrimester
c)2ndlatetrimester

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)3rdtrimester
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.1sttrimester
Thedoubledecidualsacsign(DDSS)isausefulfeatureonearly
pregnancyultrasoundtoconfirmanearlyintrauterinepregnancy

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

(IUP)whentheyolksacorembryoisstillnotvisualized.
The"DoubleDecidualSign",firstdescribedbyNybergandco-
workersconsistsoftwoechogenicringssurroundingthehypoechoic
gestationalsac.
Theinnerringrepresentsthechorion,embryonicdiscanddecidua

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

capsularis.
Theouterringrepresentsthedeciduaparietalis.

---

211.60yearwomancomeswith3rddegree
uterineprolapse.Whatwillbethe
management?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Vaginalhysterectomywithpelvicfloorrepair
b)Pelvicfloorrepair
c)Sacrospinousfixation
d)Pessary
CorrectAnswer-A

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans.A.Vaginalhysterectomywithpelvicfloorrepair
Uterineprolapsesurgeryisperformedtoremovetheuterusand
repairtheweaktissue.Uterineprolapsefrequentlyoccursin
postmenopausalwomenwho'vehadoneormorevaginaldeliveries.
Saggingofthepelvicmuscleswhichleadstouterineprolapse

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

canoccur:
Ifsupportivetissuesaredamagedduringpregnancyanddelivery
Duetoestrogenloss
Asaresultofstrainingrepeatedlyovertheyears(chroniccough,
constipationetc.)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Duetogravitationaleffects
Dependingonfactorslikeageofthewoman,desireforbecoming
pregnantandtheoverallstateofawoman'shealth,thetreatment
planisdecided.
Herethewomanisofoldage(nongestational)andhave3rddegree

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ofprolapse.SobestmanagementofchoicewillbeVaginal
hysterectomywithpelvicfloorrepair.

---

212.Day20ofmenstrualcyclefallsunder
whichphase?
a)Menstrualphase

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Follicularphase
c)Ovulationphase
d)Lutealphase
CorrectAnswer-D
Ans.D.Lutealphase

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

TheentiredurationofaMenstrualcyclecanbedividedinto
fourmainphases:
1. Menstrualphase(Fromday1to5)
2. Follicularphase(Fromday1to13)
3. Ovulationphase(Day14)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Lutealphase(Fromday15to28)

---

213.Chromosomenumberofpartial
hydatidiformmoleis-
a)46XX
b)45XO

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)46XXY
d)69XXX
CorrectAnswer-D
Ans.D.69XX
Apartialhydatidiformmoleisatriploidpregnancywith69insteadof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

46chromosomesandanotherstrangecomplicationofthe
reproductiveprocess.
Partialhydatidiformmolecanbeidentifiedbyultrasoundshowing
placentatissue,somehygromatouscysts,somefetaloddities,but
noclearfetusstructure.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ultrasoundisstrictlyanindicator.Afterspontaneousabortionor
dilationandcurettage,tissueneedstobeexaminedbypathology
andcytogeneticsneedstobedetermined.
Ifatriploidkaryotypeisdeterminedas69,XXX,69XXY,or69XYY
[6],thenapartialmolecanbeconfirmed.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

---

214.Vulvaratrophyanditchingaretreated
by-
a)Estrogenointment
b)Antihistamines

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Tamoxifen
d)None
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.Estrogensointment
Atrophicvaginitis,themedicaltermforthiscondition,occursasa

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

resultofdeteriorationofthevaginaltissue.
It'sacommonconditioninpostmenopausalwomenbecauseas
estrogenlevelsdrop,thetissuethatlinesthevaginabecomes
thinnerandmoreeasilydamaged.
Womenwithatrophicvaginitismayalsoexperiencevaginalitching,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

burning,frequenturination,orvaginaldischarge.
Womencantreatthisconditiontopicallywithestrogencreams,
tablets(Vagifem),oranestrogen-releasingringplacedinthevagina
(Estring).
Oralestrogen,availablewithadoctor'sprescription,willalsorestore

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

vaginaltissue.
Vaginallubricantsofferanalternativeforwomenwaryofusing
estrogen.
MoisturizerssuchasReplens,Astroglide,andLubrincanreduce
symptomsandmakesexualintercoursemorecomfortable.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

215.Prematureejaculationisapartofwhichphaseof
sexualdisorders?
a)Excitementphase
b)Plateauphase
c)Orgasmphase

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Refractoryphase
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans.C.Orgasmphase
Themalesexualresponseisdescribedasasequenceofphases
including4stages:sexualdesire,arousal,orgasm(ejaculation)and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

resolution.
Themalesexualdysfunctionusuallyoccursinoneormoreof
thethreefirststagesofthesexualresponsecycle,including:
Dysfunctionsofsexualdesire(e.g.hypoactivesexualdesire)
Arousal(e.g.erectiledysfunction)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Orgasm/ejaculation(e.g.prematureejaculation,retardedejaculation
orinabilitytoejaculate).
Prematureejaculationoccursduetotherapidevolutionofthetwo
firststagesofthesexualresponsecycleandisnotnecessarily
relatedtostrongsexualarousalorchangesinerection.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PrematureEjaculationseemstobeaneurobiologicalproblemthatis
relatedtolowserotoninlevelsinthoseregionsofthecentralnervous
systemthatregulateejaculation(brainandspinalcord).

---

216.NuchaltranslucencyinUSGcanbe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

detectedat_____weeksofgestation.
a)11-13weeks
b)18-20weeks
c)8-10weeks
d)20-22weeks

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.11-13weeks
Nuchaltranslucencyisthenormalfluid-filledsubcutaneousspace
identifiedatthebackofthefetalneckduringthelatefirsttrimester
andearlysecondtrimester(11.3-13.6weeks).

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

217.Firstlineoftreatmentofmastitisina
lactatingmotheris-
a)Dicloxacillin
b)Cefazolin
c)Ceftriaxone

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Ampicillin
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.Dicloxacillin
Thebetalactamase-resistantpenicillinshavebeenrecommendedin
thetreatmentofmastitis.Theseincludecloxacillin,dicloxacillin,or

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

flucloxacillin.
Becausepenicillinsareacidic,theyarepoorlyconcentratedin
humanmilk,whichisalsoacid.
Therefore,cloxacillinanditscongenerstendtotreatcellulitiswell,
buttheyarelesseffectiveineradicatingadenitis,themostlikely

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

precursorofbreastabscess.
Whenpatientsareallergictopenicillins,cephalexinorclindamycin
maybethealternativetoerythromycin.
Combinationlikeco-amoxiclavshouldbeavoidedbecauseoffearof
inducingMRSA

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

218.Patientwithrecurrentabortion
diagnosedtohaveantiphospholipid
syndrome.Whatwillbethetreatment?
a)Aspirinonly
b)Aspirin+LowmolecularweightHeparin

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Aspirin+LowmolecularweightHeparin+Prednisolone
d)NoTreatment
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.B.Aspirin+LowmolecularweightHeparin
Therecommendedtreatmentforwomenwithrecurrentpregnancy

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

lossassociatedwithantiphospholipidsyndromeincludescombined
AspirinandHeparintherapy.
InpregnantSLEpatientswithAntiphospholipidantibodiesandprior
fetalloss,treatmentwithheparin(standardorlow?molecular-
weight)pluslowdoseaspirinhasbeenshowninprospective

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

controlledtrialstoincreasesignificantlytheproportionoflivebirths.
Combinedaspirinandheparintherapyhasproveneffectivenessand
isthepreferredtreatmentforwomenwithrecurrentpregnancyloss
associatedwithantiphospholipidsyndrome.

---

219.GestationalTrophoblasticneoplasm

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

doesnotinclude-
a)Choriocarcinoma
b)Placentalsitetrophoblastictumour
c)Invasivemole
d)Partialmole

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-D
Ans.D.PartialMole
Themaintypesofgestationaltrophoblasticdiseasesare:
Hydatidiformmole(completeorpartial)
Invasivemole

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Choriocarcinoma
Placental-sitetrophoblastictumor
Epithelioidtrophoblastictumor
Note:Inthegivenbestoptionbestanswercanbepartialaspartial
hydatidiformmoleisnotcompletelymentionedinit.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

220.Whichvaccineiscontraindicatedin
pregnancy:
a)Chickenpox
b)Rabies
c)Tettoxoid

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)HepatitisB
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.Chickenpox
Asaruleofthumbthevaccinationwithliveviralorbacterialvaccine
iscontraindicatedinpregnancy.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Theimportantonesare:?
Measles
Mumps
Poliomyelitis
Rubella

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Yellowfever
Varicella
BCG

---

221.45yearsfemalewith3months
menorrhagia.USGshowing2cm

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

submucosalfibroid.Treatmentoptions.
a)Ocpfor3months
b)Progesteronefor3months
c)Endometrialsampling
d)Hysterectomy

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-D
Ans.D.Hysterectomy
YOUNGWOMEN
OLDERWOMEN
Contraceptiondesired

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CombinedOCPs
Contraception
Ruleoutcancer&uterine
Progestogensandother
notdesirable

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

pathology
hormones
Mirena
Normaluterus
Uterine

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Progestogens
Effective Fails
(DUB)
pathology
Ethamsylate,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Minimal
Progestogens
NSAIDs
invasive
andothers

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Estrogen
Continue surgery
?Noresponse
Tranexamicfor for6?9 Hysterectomy Hysterectomy Surgery
3?4months

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

months with
withremovalof
GnRH3?4
conservation
ovariesafter50

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

months
ofovaries
years
Removalofanintrauterinecontraceptivedeviceifmedicaltherapy
fails.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Myomectomy/hysterectomyforuterinefibroids.

---

Wedgeresection/hysterectomyforadenomyosisoftheuterus.
Dilatationandcurettagewithbloodtransfusionistheprimary
treatmentofpubertymenorrhagiawithlowHb%
Multipara,hypertensivewomanwithmenorrhagiashouldbetreated

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

withMIRENA
Hysterectomywithorwithoutremovaloftheadnexaaccordingtothe
ageandtheindividualneedsofthepatient.

---

222.Inlowovarianreserve,antimullerian
hormonelevelwillbe:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)<1
b)1-4
c)>7
d)>10
CorrectAnswer-A

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans.A.<1
AMHandovarianreserve
AMHof1.0hasverypoorovarianreserve
ThecentralconceptforthemeasurementofbloodlevelsofAMHto
determineovarianreserveisthis:womenwithlowerAMHlevels

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

havealowerovarianreservethanwomenwithhighAMHlevels.
AMHiscurrentlybeingusedbyfertilityspecialiststohelppredict
womenwhomayrespondpoorlytofertilitymedicationsandin
general,coupleswhoarelesslikelytobesuccessfulwithfertility
treatment.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

223.Presentingdiameteroffullflexedhead:
a)Suboccipito-bregmaticdiameter
b)Suboccipito-frontaldiameter
c)Occipito-frontaldiameter
d)Occipito-posteriorposition

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.Suboccipito-bregmaticdiameter
Suboccipito-bregmaticdiameter:
Thediameterisfromsuboccipitalregiontocentreofthebregma.
Diameter=9.5cm

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Fetalheadcircumferenceissmallest(32cm)
Headwellflexed
Flexedvertexpresentation
Suboccipito-frontaldiameter:
Diametercalculatedfromprominenceatmidfrontalbonetothe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

under-surfaceoftheoccipitalbonewhereitjoinsneck
Thediameteris10.5cm
Vertexispartiallydeflexed.
Resultsinoccipito-posteriorposition.
Occipito-frontaldiameter:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Diameterextendsfromtheprominentpointofmid-frontalbonetothe
mostprominentpointofoccipitalbone
Thediameter=11.5cm
Fetalheadcircumference~34.5cm
Vertexisdeflexed

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

AssociatedwithDirectoccipito-posteriorposition.
Occipito-posteriorposition:
Itisavertexpresentationinwhichtheocciputisplacedposteriorly.

---

---

224.Whatisthedoseofulipristalacetate?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)300mg
b)30mg
c)300?g
d)30?g
CorrectAnswer-B

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans.B.30mg
Ulipristal(Ella)isaprogesteroneagonist/antagonistmarketedfor
emergencycontraception.Itisavailablebyprescriptiononly.Its
mechanismofactionvariesbasedontimeofadministration.When
takenbeforeovulation,ulipristaldelaysorinhibitsovulation.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Administrationintheearlylutealphasemaydecreaseendometrial
thicknessandaffectimplantationofafertilizedegg.
Ulipristalislabeledforuseasanemergencycontraceptivefollowing
unprotectedsexualintercourseorcontraceptivefailure.
Onetablet(30-mgtablet)takenassoonaspossible,within120

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

hours(fivedays)ofunprotectedsexualintercourseorcontraceptive
failure.

---

225.Themajorcontributionoftheamniotic
fluidafter20weeksofgestation:
a)Ultrafiltrateandmaternalplasma

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Fetalurine
c)Fetallungfluid
d)Fetalskin
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.B.Fetalurine

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Therearetwoprimarysourcesofamnioticfluid:fetalurineandthe
lungliquid.
Afterabout20weeks,fetalurinemakesupmostofthefluid.

---

226.PGF2alphamaximumdoseinPPHis-
a)2000?g

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)200?g
c)2mg
d)20mg
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans.C.2mg

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DrugdosesformanagementofPPH:
15-MethylprostaglandinF2a:
Doseandroute:IM:0.25mg
Continuingdose:0.25mgevery15minutes
Maximumdose:8doses(Total2mg)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Precautions/contraindications:Asthma

---

227.Allaretrueaboutskinexcept:
a)Bothdermis&ectodermarederivedfromectoderm
b)Skinaccountsfortotalof15%ofbodyweight
c)Mostofthecellsinskinarekeratinocytesderivedfrom

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ectoderm
d)Dermisismadeupoftype1andtype3collagenin3:2ratio
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans:A.Bothdermis&ectodermarederivedfromectoderm.
Truefact:Dermisderivedfrommesodermandepidermisfrom

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ectoderm.

---

228.Anaestheticgaswithmaximum
respiratoryirritation
a)Halothane
b)Enflurane

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Desflurane
d)Sevoflurane
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans:C.Desflurane
Desfluraneandisofuranewhenusedforinductioncauserespiratory

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

irritationduetotheirpungentsmellleadingtobreathholdingand
coughing.
Halothaneandsevofluranedonotcausesucheffects.

---

229.IVadministrationofwhichanesthetic
drugismostpainfulamongthe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

following?
a)Methohexital
b)Ketamine
c)Propofol
d)Etomidate

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-C
Ans:c.Propofol
Propofolpreparation:
Oil-basedpreparation(soybeanoil,egglecithin&glycerol).
Hence,painoninjection&rarelythrombophlebitis.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

230.Whichofthefollowingisnot
cardiodepressive?
a)Propofol
b)Thiopentone
c)Ketamine

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Etomidate
CorrectAnswer-D
Ans:D.Etomidate
Majoradvantageofetomidate:
Cardiovascularstabilityafterinduction.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Effectsofetomidateinductiondose:
Negligibleincreaseinheartrate.
Littledecreaseinbloodpressure/cardiacoutput.
Littleeffectoncoronaryperfusionpressure,whilereducing
myocardialO2consumption.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

231.Whichofthefollowingisthemost
commonmethodusedtoknowdepth
ofanaesthesia?
a)BIS
b)Oesophagealcontractility

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Depressedresponses
d)Hypotension
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans:A.BIS
Bispectralindex:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

*1stscientificallyvalidated&commerciallyavailablemonitorto
checkdepthofanaesthesia.
*Utilizesmanyparameters(EEGsignals,eyeblinks)tocalculate
depthscore.
Adequatedepth:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

*Scoreof45-60.
Fullyawakestate:
*Scoreof100
Completelysilentbrain:0.

---

232.MRP2associatedwithwhichofthe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

following?
a)Rotorsyndrome
b)Dubin-Johnsonsyndrome
c)Crigler-Najjarsyndrome
d)Gilbertsyndrome

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-B
Ans:B.Dubin-Johnsonsyndrome.
Dubin-Johnsonsyndrome:
Anautosomalrecessivedisorder.
Causedbygenemutationresponsibleforhumancanalicular

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

multispecificorganicaniontransporter(cMOAT)protein/also
referred"multidrugresistanceprotein2(MRP2)"orABCC2.

---

233.Whichofthefollowingiswatersoluble
contrast?
a)Barium

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Iodine
c)Bromium
d)Calcium
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer-B.Iodine

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Radiocontrastagentsaretypicallyiodine,barium-sulphateor
gadoliniumbasedcompounds.

---

234.Solitarylyticlesionsseenin
a)Atherosclerosis
b)Multiplemyeloma

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Mitralstenosis
d)Osteoblast
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer-B.Multiplemyeloma
F:fibrousdysplasia(FD)orfibrouscorticaldefect(FCD)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

O:osteoblastoma
G:giantcelltumor(GCT)
M:metastasis(es)/myeloma
A:aneurysmalbonecyst(ABC)
C:chondroblastomaorchondromyxoidfibroma

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

H:hyperparathyroidism(browntumor)
I:infection(osteomyelitis)
N:non-ossifyingfibroma(NOF)
E:enchondromaoreosinophilicgranuloma(EG)
S:simple(unicameral)bonecyst

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

235.Nottrueaboutsomnambulismamong
thefollowingis?
a)Sleepwalking.
b)Patientconsciousnessispreserved.
c)Disorderofsleeparousal.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Lowlevelmotorskill/functionispresent
CorrectAnswer-D
Ans:D.Lowlevelmotorskill/functionispresent.
Sleepwalking(somnambulism):
Thepatientsmaycarryoutarangeofactivitiesforwhichhedoesn't

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

haveanymemorylateron.
Itmayincludeleavingthebedandwalkingaboutandalsoactivities
likedressing,movingaroundorevendriving.

---

236.Confusionassessmentscaleusedfor
whichofthefollowing?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Schizophrenia
b)Delirium
c)Dementia
d)Depression
CorrectAnswer-B

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans:B.Delirium
ConfusionAssessmentMethod(CAM),awidely-usedinstrument
anddiagnosticalgorithmforidentificationofdelirium.
TheCAMinstrumentassessesthepresence,severity,and
fluctuationof9deliriumfeatures:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Acuteonset
Inattention
Disorganizedthinking
Alteredlevelofconsciousness
Disorientation

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Memoryimpairment
Perceptualdisturbances
Psychomotoragitationorretardation
Alteredsleep-wakecycle.
TheCAMdiagnosticalgorithmisbasedonfourcardinal

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

featuresofdelirium:
Acuteonsetandfluctuatingcourse
Inattention
Disorganizedthinking
Alteredlevelofconsciousness.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

237.Whichofthefollowingisthepoor
prognosticfactorforOCD?
a)Magicalthinking
b)Dirtcontamination
c)Pathologicaldoubt

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Hoarding
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans:B.Dirtcontamination.
OCD-Clinicalfeatures&symptoms:
Contamination?Mostcommonobsession.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Obsessionofcontaminationcompulsiveavoidingofcontaminated
objectsexcessivecleaning-->inabilitytoleavetherehomes(due
togermsfear,shame&disgustfromfeces,urine,dust&germs).
Pathologicaldoubt?2ndmostcommon.
Obsessionofdoubtcompulsivecheckingmostdangerof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

violenceforgettingtoturnoffthestove,ornotlockingthe
door,somepatientcantravelbackhomeseveraltimes.
Obsessionofself-doubtfeelingguiltyaboutissues
Intrusivethoughts?3rdmostcommon.
Intrusiveobsessionalthoughtswithoutcompulsion(repetitive

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

sexualoraggressiveacts,patientsobsessedoftherethoughts,
maythinkthattheysupposetoreportthemtothepoliceorto
makeaconfessiontothepriest.
Symmetry?4thmostcommon.
Needforsymmetryofprecisioncompulsionofslowness,patient

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

cantakeanhourtoeatamealorshavetheirfaces.

---

238.Testbasedontheprincipleofsuspect's
reaction,ifhewitnessesaneventthen
hebehavesinacertainwayis?
a)Narcoanalysis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Brainmapping
c)Truthserumtesting
d)Polygraph
CorrectAnswer-D
Ans:D.Polygraph

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

239.Intensedepression&miserywithoutany
causeis?
a)Melancholia
b)Majordepressivedisorder
c)Mania

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Schizophrenia
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans:A.Melancholia

---

240.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue
regardingdelusionaldisorder?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Heldwithabsoluteconviction
b)Usuallyfalse
c)Notamenabletoreasoning
d)Occursatearlyage
CorrectAnswer-D

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans:D.Occursatearlyage.
Delusionaldisordermayaccountfor1?2%ofadmissionstoinpatient
psychiatrichospitals.
Ageatonsetrangesfrom18?90years,withameanageof40years

---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

241.Identifytheconditionshownintheimage
below.
a)Intertrigo
b)Heatrash
c)Eczema

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Impetigo
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.Intertrigo
ImageshowsIntertrigorashonthebackofa4montholdbaby's
neck.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Intertrigoiscausedbywarmmoistfoldsofskinrepeatedlyrubbing
together.
Theaffectedareamaybecomeblisteredorinfectedwithbacteriaor
fungi.
Intertrigoisacommonconditioninbabiesandistreatedwithnappy

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

creamandkeepingtheaffectedareacleananddry.

---

242.IdentifytheinfectionfromthechestX-
rayofapatientwithlow-gradefever?
a)ILD

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Bronchopneumonia
c)MiliaryTB
d)Consolidation
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C.MilitaryTB

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Miliarytuberculosisisduetohematogenousdisseminationof
tuberclebacilli.
Thisisduetothehematogenousspreadofinfectionandmaybe
seeninbothprimaryandpost-primarydisease.
Atfirst,thechestradiographmaybenormalbutthensmall,discrete

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

nodules,1-2mmindiameter,becomeapparent,evenlydistributed
throughoutbothlungs.Thesemayenlargeandcoalescebutwith

---

adequatetreatment,theyslowlyresolve.
Denseopacitiesoccurwithcalcificationandmetallicdustdisease

---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

243.Identifytheconditiongiveninthe
image?
a)Atrialfibrillar
b)Atrialflutter
c)Ventriculartachycardia

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)SVT
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C(Ventriculartachycardia)
MonomorphicVT
Regularrhythm.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Originatesfromasinglefocuswithintheventricles.
ProducesuniformQRScomplexeswithineachlead--eachQRSis
identical(exceptforfusion/capturebeats).

---

244.Apatientpresentedwithhistoryof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

diplopiaandrestrictedeyemovements.
AclinicalimageandCTimageisshown
below.Whatwillbethediagnosis?
a)Le-fortfracture
b)Fracturemaxilla

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Fracturezygomatic
d)Blowoutfracture
CorrectAnswer-D
Answer-D(Blowoutfracture)
Anorbitalblowoutfractureisatraumaticdeformityoftheorbitalfloor

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ormedialwall,typicallyresultingfromimpactofabluntobjectlarger
thantheorbitalaperture,oreyesocket.

---

245.Identifytheradiologicalprocedure
shownbelow?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Bariummealfollowthrough
b)Bariumenema
c)Enteroclysis
d)Proctography
CorrectAnswer-A

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer-A(Bariummealfollow-through)
*Asmallbowelfollow-throughisasinglecontraststudy(oral
contrast,eitherbariumorwater-solublecontrast).
*ItisoftenperformedafteranupperGIfluoroscopystudy,asthe
contrastcolumnmovesfromthestomachandduodenumtothe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

smallbowel.
*Mostsmallbowelcontrastexaminationsperformedasapartofan

---

upperGIseries-bariummealandfollow-through.
*Thesmallbowelfollow-throughcanbeusefulforevaluationof:
-strictures

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-obstruction
-diverticula
-masses
-extraluminaltethering
-abnormalmotility

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

246.Identifytheconditioninthebelow
image?
a)Lacunarinfarct
b)Embolicinfarct

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Thromboticinfarct
d)Intracerebralhemorrhage
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer-A.Lacunarinfarct
ThisimageshowsaCTscanofalacunarinfarct.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Occlusionofalargerperforatingvesselcausesalacunarinfarct.
Acutely,lacunarinfarctsareoftenroundedwithahazyoutlineand
mayfluctuateinsizeinthesubacutephase--mostoftenenlarging.
Whenmature,however,theybecomesharplydelineated,shrinkin
size--typicallylessthan1.5cmdiameter--andcavity-like.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ThegliotichyperintenserimofamaturelacuneonFLAIR
differentiatesitfromaperivascularspace.
IOCforHyperacuteInfarctMRI[bestsequence?DWI]
Acute/hyperacuteinfarctsshowrestricteddiffusion

---

---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

247.Achildwithhistoryoffever,
photosensitivity,rashsparingnasolabial
foldpresentstoOP.Identifythe
condition?
a)SLE

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Polymorphouslighteruption
c)Discoidlupus
d)Skintuberculosis
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans:A.SLE.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Clinicalpresentation:
Mostcommonrashisphotosensitive,raisederythematous
malarrash.
55-85%developatsomepointindisease
DiscoidLupusErythematosus(DLE):15-30%circular,scaly

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

hyperpigmentedlesionswitherythematousrim,atrophiccenter
--canbedisfiguring
Mouth/vaginal/nasalulcers
Alopecia:maybediffuseorpatchy.Occurs50%.

---

---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

248.Patientpresentswithpuritiesofinter
digitsoflefthandasshownintheimage.
Identifythecondition?
a)Sarcoptesscabis
b)Dermatitisherpetiformis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Xeroticdermatitis
d)Erythemamultiforme
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans:A.Sarcoptesscabis
Scabiesisanintenselypruriticskinconditioncausedbyinfestation

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

withthemicroscopicmiteSarcoptesscabiei.
Sarcoptesscabieivarhominis,andistransmittedfrompersonto
personbyskin-to-skincontact.
Sarcoptesscabieimite:

---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Burrowedintotheepidermis,themite,itsfecesandovalaidby
femalesseemtocausetheirritationthatleadstoitchingand
secondaryinfectionfromscratching.
Scabieslikewarmplaces,suchasskinfolds,betweenthefingers,
underfingernails,oraroundthebuttockorbreastcreases.Theycan

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

alsohideunderwatchstraps,braceletsorrings.

---

249.Identifythecondition.Thisischildwith
asthmaticmother.
a)Atopicdermatitis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)SLE
c)Erythema
d)TEN
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans:A.Atopicdermatitis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Atopicdermatitis(eczema)isatypeofinflammationoftheskin
(dermatitis)resultinginitchy,red,swollen,andcrackedskin.
Alsoknownas"atopiceczema".
Longlasting(chronic)&tendstoflareperiodically.
Commoninchildren(canoccuratanyage).

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Usuallystartsininfancyorearlychildhood.
Childrenwithfamilyhistoryofatopicdermatitis,asthmaorhayfever
aremorelikelytodevelopatopicdermatitis.

---

250.Identifytheconditionshowninthe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

image?
a)Sebaceouscyst
b)Alopeciaareta
c)Trichotillomania
d)Tineacapitis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-B
Ans:B.Alopeciaareta
Alopeciaareataisanautoimmunedisordercharacterizedby
transient,non-scarringhairlossandpreservationofthehairfollicle.
Hairlosscantakemanyformsrangingfromlossinwell-defined

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

patchestodiffuseortotalhairloss,whichcanaffectallhairbearing
sites.
Patchyalopeciaaffectingthescalpisthemostcommontype.

---

251.Identifytheconditionintheimage?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Leukoderma
b)Piebaldism
c)Vitiligo
d)DLE
CorrectAnswer-A

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans:A.Leukoderma
Leukodermaisaskindiseasethatcauseslossofskinpigmentation
(melanin)thatleadstoskinwhitening.
Thewhitepatchesontheskinaretermedasleukoderma.
Whentheconditiongetssevere,thespotscoveralmostallpartsof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

thebodyincludingscalp,faceandthegenitals.

---

252.Whichofthefollowingregardingthe
conditiondepictedintheimage?
a)Maybeanindicationofskinmalignancy

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Hypopigmentation
c)MaybeassociatedwithInsulinresistantdiabetesmellitus
d)Commonlyoccursinleanandthin.
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans:C.MaybeassociatedwithInsulinresistantdiabetesmellitus

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Acanthosisnigricansisassociatedwithobesityandinsulin
resistanceinmajorityofthepatients.
Acanthosisisdiffuseepidermalhyperplasia(thickeningoftheskin).
ImpliesincreasedthicknessoftheMalpighianlayer(stratumbasale
andstratumspinosum).

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Occursprimarilyinflexuralareasasvelvetyhyperpigmentation.
Commonlyseeninaxilla.
Maybeareflectionofendocrinopathysuchasacromegaly,
cushing'ssyndrome,polycysticovariansyndrome&GIT
malignancy.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

253.Thecausativeorganismforthecondition
depictedinimageis?
a)Staphylococci
b)Candidalinfection

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Streptococcus
d)Actinomycetes
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans:A.Staphylococcus.
Impetigo:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LesionsofcommonorsuperficialimpetigomaycontaingroupA?-
hemolyticstreptococci,Saureus,orboth.
Mostcommonskininfectioninchildren.
Highlycontagious.
Lesionsinbullous(staphylococcal)impetigo:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CausedbySaureus.
Aresuperficial,thin-walled&bullous.
Onruptures-->resultsinthin,transparent,varnish-likecrust

---

appears.
Distinguishedfromstuck-oncrustofcommonimpetigo.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Isdistinctiveappearanceofbullousimpetigo.
Duetolocalactionofepidermolytictoxin(exfoliation).

---

254.Identifytheconditionasshown:
a)Brodieabscess

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Osteoidosteoma
c)Intracorticalhemangioma
d)Chondromyxoidfibroma
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer.A.Brodieabscess

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Brodieabscessisanintraosseousabscessrelatedtoafocusof
subacutepyogenicosteomyelitis.
Unfortunately,thereisnoreliablewayradiographicallytoexcludea
focusofosteomyelitis.
Ithasaproteanradiographicappearanceandcanoccuratany

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

locationandinapatientofanyage.
Itmightormightnotbeexpansile,haveascleroticornonsclerotic
border,orhaveassociatedperiostitis.

---

Epidemiology
Typicallythesepresentinchildrenwithunfusedepiphysealplates,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

morefrequentlyinboys.
Location
Ithasapredilectionforends(metaphysis)oftubularbones:
1. proximal/distaltibialmetaphysis(mostcommon)
2. carpalandtarsalbones

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Rarelytraversingtheopengrowthplate;epiphysis(inchildrenand
infants).
Radiographicfeatures
Plainradiograph
lyticlesionofteninanovalconfigurationthatisorientedalongthe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

longaxisofthebone
surroundedbyathickdenserimofreactivesclerosisthatfades
imperceptiblyintosurroundingbone
lucenttortuouschannelextendingtowardgrowthplatepriorto
physealclosure(pathognomonic)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

periostealnew-boneformation+/-adjacentsoft-tissueswelling

---

255.14yroldchildwithNaiveRheumatoid
Arthritispatientasshowninimage.
Whatshouldbethecorrecttreatmentof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

givencondition:
a)DMARDwithshortcourseofSteroids
b)OnlyNSAID'S
c)DMARDafterinitial3monthsofNSAID'S
d)MonotherapywithTNFdrugs

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-A
MonotherapywithTNFdrugs
AnswerA.DMARDwithSteroids
GivenconditionisRheumatoidArthritis

---

Rheumatoidarthritis(RA)isachronicautoimmunemultisystemic

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

inflammatorydiseasewhichaffectsmanyorgansbutpredominantly
attacksthesynovialtissuesandjoints.
Clinicalfeatures:
Itoccursbetweentheageof20to50years.
Womenareaffectedabout3timesmorecommonlythanmen.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Followingpresentationsarecommon:
a)Anacute,symmetricalpolyarthritis:
Painandstiffnessinmultiplejoints(atleastfour)
Symptomsofarticularinflammation.
Thejointsaffectedmostcommonlyarethemetacarpo-phalangeal

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

joints,particularlythatoftheindexfinger.
Otherjointsaffectedcommonlyare(giveninTable):
Common
?MPjointsofhand
?PIPjointsoffingers

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

?Wrists,knees,elbows,ankles
?Hipjoint
Lesscommon
?Temporomandibularjoint
?Atlantoaxialjoint

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Uncommon
?Facetjointsofcervicalspine
Onexamination:
Swollenboggyjointsasaresultofintra-articulareffusion,synovial
hypertrophyandoedemaoftheperiarticularstructures.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thejointsmaybedeformed.
DeformitiesinRheumatoidarthritis
Hand
?Ulnardriftofthehand
?Boutonnieredeformity

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

?Swanneckdeformity
Elbow
?Flexiondeformity
?Early?flexiondeformity
Knee

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Late?triple*subluxation
Ankle
?Equinusdeformity
Foot
?Halluxvalgus,Hammertoe,etc.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

Treatmentandprognosis
TreatmentofRAisaimedatimprovingthesymptomsandslowing
diseaseprogression.
Therapyiswithacombinationofcorticosteroids,non-steroidalanti-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

inflammatorydrugs(NSAIDs),diseasemodifyinganti-rheumatic
drugs(DMARDs),andTNFantagonists(e.g.etanercept).

---

256.In34weeksgestationtheweightofbaby
was3kg.Thechildshowsfollowing

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

featuresmayindicateassociated
condition?
a)Anemia
b)Diabetes
c)APH

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)None
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.B.Diabetes
Macrosomiaisthetermusedtodescribealargefetus.
MacrosomiaisassociatedwithGestationaldiabetesandMaternal

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

obesity
Therecommendeddefinitionisfetal(neonatal)weightexceeding
twostandarddeviationsorabove90thcentilefortheappropriate
normalpopulation.
AccordingtoACOG:birthweightof>4500gmiscalledas

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

macrosomia.
InIndiancontextBirthweightof>4000gmiscalledasmacrosomia.

---

257.

---

30yearoldwomanwithcomplaintof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

dysmenorrhoea,dyspareuniawithchronic
pelvicpainundergoeshysterectomy.From
thecutsectionofhysterectomyspecimen
belowidentifythecondition.
a)Adenomyosis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Fibroids
c)Leiomyoma
d)Endometriosis
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.Adenomyosis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Crosssectionthroughthewallofahysterectomyspecimenofa30-
year-oldwomanwhoreportedchronicpelvicpainandabnormal
uterinebleeding.Theendometrialsurfaceisatthetopoftheimage,
andtheserosaisatthebottom.
Adenomyosisiswherethetissuefromtheliningofwombpenetrates

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

intothemuscle.

---

Adenomyosiscanbediffuseorfocal.theultimatemanagementof
adenomyosisishysterectomy.

---

258.Identifythetypeofplacentapraeviaas

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

showninthepicturebelow?
a)I.
b)II.
c)III.
d)IV.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.B.II

---

---

259.Afemalepatientpresentedwith

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

recurrentUrinarytractinfections.
Imagingshowsthefollowingpicture.
Whatcanbethemostprobable
diagnosis?
a)DuplicationofUreter

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)CongenitalMegaureter
c)Ureterocele
d)UrinaryStones
CorrectAnswer-C

---

Ans.C.Ureterocele

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Plainradiographshowsnocalcificationalongtheurinarytract.Post
intravenouscontrastradiographshowsdilatationoftheleftdistal
uretershowinga"cobra'shead"appearanceand"radiolucenthalo"
effect.FindingsrepresentintravesicalUreteroceleofleftureter.
Ureterocelerepresentsabnormaldilatationofthedistalureteric

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

segment.Ureterocelemaybeassociatedwitheitherasingleora
duplexureter.Uretericduplicationispresentinabout75%casesof
ureteroceles.Ureterocelehasafemalepredilection.
Ureterocelecanbefurtherclassifiedintosimpleandectopictypes.

---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

260.Identifythetriangleintheimagebelow-
a)Koch'striangle
b)Gastrinomatriangle
c)Hesselbach'striangle
d)Sherren'striangle

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-B
Answer-B(Gastrinomatriangle)
Explanation-
Thegastrinomatriangle,alsoknownasPassaro'striangle.
Thetriangleisformedbyjoiningthefollowingthreepoints:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

superiorly:confluenceofthecysticandcommonbileducts
inferiorly:junctionofthesecondandthirdportionsoftheduodenum
medially:junctionoftheneckandbodyofthepancreas

---

261.Identifytheinstrument-

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Bladeno.15
b)Bladeno.10
c)Bladeno.11
d)Blade12
CorrectAnswer-C

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer-C(Surgicalblade11)
Explanation-
TheNo.11isalsousedforothersmallincisionsforexamplewhen
insertingalaparoscopicport,veinandarterycentrallines,opening
theaortaandremovingcalcificationsintheaorticormitralvalves.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

262.Identifythetypeofknotintheimage-
a)Grannyknot
b)Surgeon'sknot
c)Reefknot

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)None
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer-A(Granny'sknot)
Thegrannyknotisabindingknot,usedtosecurearopeorline
aroundanobject.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

263.IdentifytheconditionintheECG?
a)Atrialfibrillation
b)Arrhythmia
c)Atrialflutter

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Cardiomyopathy
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer.C.Atrialflutter
Atrialflutter(AFl)isacardiacdysrhythmiacharacterizedbyrapid
andregulardepolarizationoftheatriathatappearsasasawtooth

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

patternontheelectrocardiogram(ECG)andiscategorizedintotype
I(typical)andtypeII(atypical)AFl.

---

264.Apatientisaknowncaseofacute
pancreatitisdevelopsbreathlessness,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

bilateralbasalcrepitationonday4and
chestradiographyasshownintheimage
below.Whatwillbethediagnosis?
a)Bilateralpneumonia
b)ARDS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)CarcinogenicPE
d)Collapse

---

CorrectAnswer-B
Answer-b.ARDS
Acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome(ARDS)istypeof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

respiratoryfailurecharacterizedbyrapidonsetofwidespread
inflammationinthelungs.
Bilateralopacitiesonchestimaging(chestradiographorCT)not
explainedbyotherlungpathology(e.g.effusion,lobar/lungcollapse,
ornodule.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

265.Identifytheimagewiththediagnosis?
a)VT
b)PSVT
c)AT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Ventricularfibrillation
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer.B.PSVT
Supraventriculartachycardia(SVT).Supraventriculartachycardia
isanabnormallyfastheartbeatthatoriginatessomewhereabovethe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ventricles.It'scausedbyabnormalcircuitryintheheartthatis
usuallypresentatbirthandcreatesaloopofoverlappingsignals.

---

266.Apatientcameinemergencywithsevere
abdominalpainpulse112/minuteand

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

systolicBP80mm/HgwiththechestX-
rayshownbelow.Whatwillbethenext
appropriatesteptobetakenforthe
patient?
a)Exploratorylaprotomy

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)SalineWashofstomach
c)Intercostaltubedrainage
d)None
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer.A.Exploratorylaparotomy

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

AboveX-rayshowsairunderleftdiaphragm(pneumoperitoneum)
whichindicateshollowviscousperforationwithpartialintrathoracic

---

positionedstomach.
Thispatientwillrequireemergencyexploratorylaparotomy.
Thisisoneofthecommonestsurgicalemergencies.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

267.Truestatementaboutgivenconditionof
eyeexcept:
a)Arisefromanypartofconjunctiva
b)CancauseAstigmatism

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Surgeryistreatmentofchoice
d)UVexposureisriskfactor
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer.A.Arisefromanypartofconjunctiva
GivenconditionisPterygium

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Pterygiumisanon-cancerous(non-neoplastic)growthof
conjunctiva.
Characterizedbyawing-shapedfoldofconjunctivauponthecornea
fromeithersidewithintheinterpalpebralfissure.
Pterygiumisalwayssituatedinthepalpebralaperture.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PathologicallyPterygiumisadegenerative&hyperplasticcondition

---

ofconjunctiva.
Thesubconjunctivaltissueundergoeselastoticdegeneration&
proliferatesasvascularisedgranulationtissueundertheepithelium,
whichultimatelyencroachesthecornea.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thecornealepithelium,Bowman'slayer&stromaaredestroyed.
Etiology&Clinicalfeatures
Morecommoninpeoplewithexcessoutdoorexposuretosunlight
(UVrays)dry,heat,highwind&abundanceofdust.
Clinically,presentsasatriangularfoldofconjunctivaencroaching

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

thecorneaintheareaofpalpebralaperture,usuallyonthenasal
side.
Otherfindingsarestocker'sline(depositionofiron).
Pterygiumisanasymptomaticconditionintheearlystages,except
forcosmeticintolerance.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Visualdisturbanceorcornealastigmatismmayoccur.
Visualdisturbancesareduetoencroachmentofpterygiumon
pupillaryareaorcornealastigmatism.
Occasionallydiplopiamayoccurduetolimitationofocular
movements.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Treatment
Asymptomaticpterygiumwhichisnotprogressiveisbestleftalone.
Surgicalexcisionistheonlysatisfactorytreatment.

---

268.Followingtestisusedtodiagnosewhich

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ocularconditionasshowninimage:
a)Strabismus
b)Heterophoria
c)BothA&B
d)Noneoftheabove

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-C
Ans:C.BothA&B
Givenimageiscover-uncovertest
Thecover-uncovertesttodiagnosevarioustypesoftropias,whichis
amedicaltermforstrabismus.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thesinglecovertestisatestisusedtodetermineifthereisa
heterotropiaortropia,whichismanifeststrabismusormisalignment
thatisalwayspresent.
Thefirsteyeiscoveredforapproximately1-2seconds.Asthiseye
iscovered,theuncoveredeyeisobservedforanyshiftinfixation.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

Thecross-covertestoralternatingcovertestisusuallyemployedto
detectheterophoria.
Oneeyeiscovered,andthenthecoverismovedimmediatelyover
totheothereye.Withheterophoria,whenthecoverismovedtothe
othereye,theeyethathasjustbeenuncoveredcanbeseento

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

movefromadeviatedpoint.
Thedifferencebetweenheterotropiaandheterophoriacanbeeasily
understoodasfollows.
Withheterotropia,acorrectingmovementoftheeyecanbedetected
alreadybythesimplecovertest;withheterophoria,suchcorrecting

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

movementonlytakesplaceinthecross-covertest.
Peoplewithheterophoriacancreateandmaintainbinocularfusion
throughvergence,andthecross-covertestpurposelybreaksthis
fusion,makingthelatentmisalignmentvisible.

---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

269.Namethemanoeuvreshowninthe
image:
a)Brandtdaroff
b)Epley
c)Foster

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Semont
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer.B.Epley
TheEpleymaneuverisanexerciseyoucandoathometorelieve
dizzinesscausedbybenignparoxysmalpositionalvertigo(BPPV).

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

BPPViscausedbyaproblemwiththeinnerear.Calciumcrystals
calledcanalithscanendupinthesemicircularcanals.

---

270.Identifytheconditionofthegivenimage:
a)Acquiredcholesteatoma

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Congenitalcholesteatoma
c)Ruptureoftympanicmembrane
d)Keratosisobturans
CorrectAnswer-D
Answer.D.Keratosisobturans

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GivenimageisKeratosisobturans,otoscopeview.
Thisisarareconditionoftheearcanalwithageneralisedfailureof
migrationofthenormalcanalskin.
Theskinaccumulatesandtheunderlyingboneisresorbed.
Herethereisadeepwideningoftheearcanalwithexposureofthe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

circularannulusattheedgeofthetympanicmembrane(eardrum,
centre).
Thejugularvein(purple)canbeseenthroughtheremainingtissue

---

ontheflooroftheearcanal.
Theeardrumisrelativelyunaffectedhere.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

271.CTimageofleftmaxillawithhistoryof
allergicrhinitis?
a)Groundglassappearance
b)Doubledensities

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Honeycomb
d)OnionPeelAppearance
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer:B.DoubleDensitises
Allergicfungalsinusitisisthemostcommonformoffungal

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

sinusitisandiscommoninwarmandhumidclimates.Onimaging,it
usuallypresentsasopacificationandexpansionofmultiple
paranasalsinuses,unilaterallyorbilaterally,withcontentthatis
centrallyhyperdenseonCT

---

Themajorityofsinusesshownearcompleteopacification.On

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

unenhancedCT,thesinusesaretypicallyopacifiedbycentrally
(oftenserpiginous7)hyperdensematerialwithaperipheralrimof
hypodensemucosa.
Approximately40%ofpatientsmayhaveeachofthefollowing
features4:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

expansionofaninvolvedsinus
remodellingandthinningofthebonesinuswalls
erosionofthesinuswall

---

272.Identifytheinstrument:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Maddoxrod
b)Maddoxwing
c)Maddoxglass
d)Redglasses
CorrectAnswer-A

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

AnswerA)Maddoxrod
TheMaddoxrodtestcanbeusedtosubjectivelydetectand
measurealatent,manifest,horizontalorverticalstrabismusfornear
anddistance.
Thetestisbasedontheprincipleofdiplopicprojection

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

TheMaddoxrodisahandheldinstrumentcomposedofredparallel
plano-convexcylinderlens,whichrefractslightrayssothatapoint
sourceoflightisseenasalineorstreakoflight.
Duetotheopticalproperties,thestreakoflightisseen
perpendiculartotheaxisofthecylinder.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

TheMaddoxrodtestshouldbeusedincasesof:
Smalltomoderate
Decompensatedphorias.
Acquiredstrabismus(ratherthancongenitalorearly-onset)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

273.Identifythelesionofvocalcordinthe
imagegivenbelow:
a)Reinke'sedema
b)LaryngealPapilloma

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Malignancy
d)Tracheomalacia
CorrectAnswer-B
-Laryngealpapillomatosis,orrecurrentrespiratorypapillomatosis
(RRP),isthemostfrequentbenigntumorofthelarynx.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-Itiscausedbythehumanpapillomavirus(HPV)types6and11.It
isalsothesecondmostcommoncauseofhoarsenessinchildren.
-Laryngealpapillomasarelocatedprimarilyinthelarynxonthevocal
cordmarginsandepiglottis.
-Tumorsarebenignbutpresentobstructiveproblemsbecauseof

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

theirlocalizationinthevocalcordsorothersites
-Atpresentation,papillomasareusuallypresentononeorboth

---

vocalcordswiththeanteriorcommissure,supraglottis,or
subglottisalsocommonlyaffect

---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

274.ApatientgivesH/ohoarsenessinvoice
&presentingwithclinicalconditionas
shownintheimage.Identifythelesion:
a)Membranoustonsillitis
b)Folliculartonsillitis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Diphtheria
d)Aphthousulcer
CorrectAnswer-C
-Diphtheriaisaseriousbacterialinfectionthatusuallyaffectsthe
mucousmembranesofyournoseandthroat.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-DiphtheriaiscausedbythebacteriumCorynebacterium
diphtheriae.
-Diphtheriasignsandsymptomsusuallybegintwotofivedaysafter
apersonbecomesinfectedandmayinclude:

---

Athick,greymembranecoveringyourthroatandtonsils

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

sorethroatandhoarseness
Swollenglands(enlargedlymphnodes)inyourneck
Difficultybreathingorrapidbreathing
Nasaldischarge
Feverandchills

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Malaise.

---

275.Apatientpresentedwiththefollowing
pictureofTympanicMembrane.Most
Probablediagnosis(markedwitharrow):

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)TubercularOtitisMedia
b)SyphiliticOtitisMedia
c)Pseudomonasinfection
d)FungalOtitisMedia
CorrectAnswer-A

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer.A.TubercularOtitisMedia
TuberculousOtitisMediaWhereperforationsaremultipleandare
associatedwithotorrhea,atuberculosisofthemiddleearshouldbe
suspected.
Theseperforationsresultfrombreakingdownoftubercles.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Inthegivenimage,Tympanicmembraneshowingmultiple

---

perforations
Infectionreachesthemiddleearthrougheustachiantube.
Theraremodesofinfectionarethroughhematogenousspread
fromtubercularfocusinlung,tonsils,cervicallymphnodes;ordueto

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ingestionofinfectedcow'smilk.
Itusuallyaffectschildrenandyoungadults.

---

276.Whichmethodisusedtostudythe
followingtimeline?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)CohortStudy
b)Crosssectionalstudy
c)RandomizedControlTrials
d)InterventionalStudies
CorrectAnswer-A

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ans.A.CohortStudy
TheimagerepresentstheNaturalhistoryofdiseasethatrefersto
theprogressionofadiseaseprocessinanindividualovertime,in
theabsenceoftreatment.
Thetimelineshowsthestateofsusceptibility,exposure,the

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

subclinicaldiseaseinwhichpathologicchangestakeplace,the
onsetofsymptoms,followedbytheusualtimeofdiagnosis,clinical
disease,followedbyrecovery,disability,ordeath.
Longitudinalstudiesareusedtostudythenaturalhistoryofthe
disease.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

277.A6yearoldboyishavingsymptoms
suchasfeverandchills,cough,rapid
breathing,difficultybreathing,andchest
pain,culturefromasampleshows

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Gram-positiveculture,Identifythe
image:
a)Streptococcuspneumoniae
b)Staphylococcus
c)Propionibacterium

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Mycobacterium
CorrectAnswer-A
Answer:A.Streptococcuspneumoniae
Streptococcuspneumoniae(pneumococcus)isaGram-positive
bacteriumthatisresponsibleforthemajorityofcommunity-acquired

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

pneumonia
S.pneumoniaeisalpha-hemolytic,meaningthatitcanbreakdown
redbloodcellsthroughtheproductionofhydrogenperoxide(H2O2).

---

TheproductionofH2O2bythebacterialinfectioncanalsocause
damagetoDNA,andkillcellswithinthelungs.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Pneumococcalpneumoniacausesfeverandchills,coughs,difficulty
breathing,andchestpain.Iftheinfectionspreadstothebrainand
spinalcord,itcancausepneumococcalmeningitis,

---

278.12Identifythepicture

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Herpeszosterpic
b)Smallpox
c)Chickenpox
d)Atopicdermatitis
CorrectAnswer-A

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Answer:A.Herpeszosterpic
Shingles,alsoknownasherpeszoster,isaviraldisease
characterizedbyapainfulskinrashwithblistersinalocalizedarea.
Shinglesisduetoareactivationofvaricellazostervirus(VZV)within
aperson'sbody.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ThediseasechickenpoxiscausedbytheinitialinfectionwithVZV.
Oncechickenpoxhasresolved,thevirusmayremaininactivein
nervecells.
Whenitreactivates,ittravelsfromthenervebodytotheendingsin
theskin,producingblisters.Riskfactorsforreactivationincludeold

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

age,poorimmunefunction.

---

---

279.Identifytheimage
a)Malaria
b)Plague

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Japaneseencephalitis
d)Paragonimus
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer;C.Japaneseencephalitis
Japaneseencephalitis(JE)isaninfectionofthebraincausedbythe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Japaneseencephalitisvirus(JEV).
JEVisgenerallyspreadbymosquitoes,specificallythoseofthe
Culextype.Pigsandwildbirdsserveasareservoirforthevirus.
symptomsmayincludeheadache,vomiting,fever,confusion,and
seizures.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

280.Whatisthecauseofdeathaccordingto
thebelowdeathcertificate
a)BreastCancer
b)Secondaries

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)CerebralHemorrhage
d)AlloftheAbove
CorrectAnswer-D
Ans.D.AlloftheAbove
AlltheThreearecauseofdeathastheyareindescribingthe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

sequenceofeventsindeaths.

---

281.Identifythebloodgroupingprocess
donehere.
Slidegivenwith:ABnoclumps,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ClumpinginO&Noclumpsincontrol.
Whichgroupdoesthissignify?
a)A-ve
b)B+ve
c)O+ve

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Rhgroup
CorrectAnswer-D
Ans:D.Rhgroup
*Dantigen?
-Mostimportantbloodgroupantigeninroutinebloodbanking.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-AntibodiesofRhsystemdonotoccurnaturallyinserum.
-Mostlyasaresultofantigenexposureduringpregnancyor
throughtransfusion.
*PresenceorabsenceofDantigendeterminedbytestingRBC's
withAnti-D.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

-AgglutinationindicatesDpositivetestcells.
-NoagglutinationindicatesDnegativetestcells.
*"WeakD"?UsedtodescribeDantigenformsthatareun-
agglutinateddirectlybyanti-Dreagents

---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

282.Identifytheconditionasshowninthe
imagegivenbelow:
a)Callosaldysgenesis
b)Dandywalkersyndrome
c)Aicardisyndrome

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Septoopticdysplasia
CorrectAnswer-A
AnswerA.Callosaldysgenesis
Givenimageisshowingracingcarsign
Racingcarsign(callosaldysgenesis)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Theracingcarsignreferstowidelyspacedlateralventriclesdueto
agenesisofthecorpuscallosumwithinterveningProbstbundles.
AppearancesonaxialMRIorCTarereminiscentofaFormulaOne
carseenfromabove,withthetyresrepresentedbythewidely-

---

spacedfrontalhorns,andthedilatedtrigones(colpocephaly).

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

283.Whichnervesuppliestotheareamarked
as`AreaB'intheimage:
a)Ulnarnerve
b)Mediannerve

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)Radialnerve
d)Posteriorinterosseousnerve
CorrectAnswer-C
AnswerC.Radialnerve
Thesuperficialterminalbranchoftheradialnerveispurely

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

cutaneousandsupplieslateralhalfofthedorsumofthehand,andto
theproximalpartsofthedorsalsurfacesofthethumb,theindex
finger,andlateralhalfofthemiddlefinger.

---

---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

284.Whichofthefollowingisnotaboundary
ofgivenimage:
a)Commonhepaticduct
b)Cysticduct
c)Inferiorsurfaceoftheliver.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Gallbladder
CorrectAnswer-D
AnswerD.Gallbladder
CALOT'STRIANGLE
*Calot'striangle(cystohepatictriangle)isasmallanatomicalspace

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

intheabdomen.
*Itislocatedattheportahepatisoftheliver?wherethehepatic
ductsandneurovascularstructuresenter/exittheliver.
*Thebordersareasfollows:
-Medial?commonhepaticduct.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-Inferior?cysticduct.
-Superior?inferiorsurfaceoftheliver.

---

*TheabovedifferfromtheoriginaldescriptionofCalot'strianglein
1891?wherethecysticarteryisgivenasthesuperiorborderofthe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

triangle.
*Themoderndefinitiongivesamoreconsistentborder(thecystic
arteryhasconsiderablevariationinitsanatomicalcourseand
origin).

---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

285.Markedareainthegivenimageis
suppliedbywhichdermatome?
a)T8
b)T9
c)T10

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)T11
CorrectAnswer-C
AnswerC.T10
Importantdermatome&anatomicallandmarks
Followingisalistofspinalnervesandpointsthatare

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

characteristicallybelongingtothedermatomeofeachnerve.
*C2?Atleastonecmlateraltotheoccipitalprotuberanceatthe
baseoftheskull.Alternately,apointatleast3cmbehindtheear.
*C3?Inthesupraclavicularfossa,atthemidclavicularline.

---

*C4?Overtheacromioclavicularjoint.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

*C5?Onthelateral(radial)sideoftheantecubitalfossa,just
proximallytotheelbow.
*C6?Onthedorsalsurfaceoftheproximalphalanxofthethumb.
*C7?Onthedorsalsurfaceoftheproximalphalanxofthemiddle
finger.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

*C8?Onthedorsalsurfaceoftheproximalphalanxofthelittle
finger.
*T1?Onthemedial(ulnar)sideoftheantecubitalfossa,just
proximallytothemedialepicondyleofthehumerus.
*T2?Attheapexoftheaxilla.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

*T3?Intersectionofthemidclavicularlineandthethirdintercostal
space
*T4?Intersectionofthemidclavicularlineandthefourthintercostal
space,locatedatthelevelofthenipples.
*T5?Intersectionofthemidclavicularlineandthefifthintercostal

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

space,horizontallylocatedmidwaybetweenthelevelofthenipples
andthelevelofthexiphoidprocess.
*T6?Intersectionofthemidclavicularlineandthehorizontallevel
ofthexiphoidprocess.
*T7?Intersectionofthemidclavicularlineandthehorizontallevel

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

atonequarterthedistancebetweenthelevelofthexiphoidprocess
andtheleveloftheumbilicus.
*T8?Intersectionofthemidclavicularlineandthehorizontallevel
atonehalfthedistancebetweenthelevelofthexiphoidprocessand
theleveloftheumbilicus.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

*T9?Intersectionofthemidclavicularlineandthehorizontallevel
atthreequartersofthedistancebetweenthelevelofthexiphoid
processandtheleveloftheumbilicus.
*T10?Intersectionofthemidclavicularline,atthehorizontallevel
oftheumbilicus.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

*T11?Intersectionofthemidclavicularline,atthehorizontallevel
midwaybetweentheleveloftheumbilicusandtheinguinal
ligament.
*T12?Intersectionofthemidclavicularlineandthemidpointofthe
inguinalligament.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

*L1?MidwaybetweenthekeysensorypointsforT12andL2.

---

*L2?Ontheanteriormedialthigh,atthemidpointofaline
connectingthemidpointoftheinguinalligamentandthemedial
epicondyleofthefemur.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

*L3?Atthemedialepicondyleofthefemur.
*L4?Overthemedialmalleolus.
*L5?Onthedorsumofthefootatthethirdmetatarsophalangeal
joint.
*S1?Onthelateralaspectofthecalcaneus.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

*S2?Atthemidpointofthepoplitealfossa.
*S3?Overthetuberosityoftheischiumorinfraglutealfold
*S4andS5?Intheperianalarea,lessthanonecmlateraltothe
mucocutaneouszone

---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

286.Identifythetypeofthefibremarkedin
theimageofinternalcapsule:
a)Projectionfibres
b)Shortassociationfibres
c)Longassociationfibres

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Commissuralfibres
CorrectAnswer-A
AnswerA.Projectionfibres
Internalcapsule
Areaofwhitematterinthebrainthatseparatesthecaudatenucleus

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

andthethalamusfromtheputamenandtheglobuspallidus.
Theinternalcapsulecontainsbothascendinganddescending
axons.
Itconsistsofaxonalfibresthatrunbetweenthecerebralcortexand

---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

thepyramidsofthemedulla.
Components
TheinternalcapsuleisV-shapedwhencuttransversely
(horizontally).
Whencuthorizontally:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

thebendintheViscalledthegenu
Anteriorlimboftheinternalcapsule.
theposteriorlimborcrusposteriusisthepartbehindthegenu,
betweenthethalamusandlenticularnucleus.
theretrolenticularportioniscaudaltothelenticularnucleusand

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

carriesoptictractsincludingthegeniculocalcarineradiations.
thesublenticularportionisbeneaththelenticularnucleusandare
tractsinvolvedintheauditorypathwayfrommedialgeniculate
nucleustotheprimaryauditorycortex(BrodmannArea41).
Grossmotorstrengthisimpairedwithischemiaoftheinternal

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

capsule.

---

---

287.Identifythestructuremarkedbyared
arrowinthegivenimage:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a)Greatveinofgalen
b)Pinealgland
c)Fornix
d)Falxcerebri
CorrectAnswer-C

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

AnswerC.Fornix
Thefornixisthemainefferentsystemofthehippocampusandan
importantpartofthelimbicsystem.
Itisoneofthecommissuralfibersconnectingthecerebral
hemispheres.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Grossanatomy
RoughlyC-shaped,thefornixextendsfromthehippocampusto

---

themammillarybodiesofthehypothalamusandtheanteriornuclei
ofthethalamus.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Itisacurvilinearbundleofwhitematterfibersthatbeginsasagroup
ofmyelinatedfiberscalledthealveus.
Thealveusjoinstoformthefimbriaofthehippocampus.
Thefimbriaofeachhippocampusthickensandthensplitsofffrom
thehippocampustoformthecrus(leg)ofthefornix.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thefornixiscomposedoffourparts:
crura:bestseenatthespleniumofthecorpuscallosumatthelevel
ofthesuperiorcolliculusoncoronalimages
commissure:connectsthecrura
body:fromthemergingofthecrura,providesoneoftwomajorpaths

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

throughwhichthehippocampuscommunicatewitheachother
columns(anteriorpillars):curvesanteriorlyanddivesintothe
hypothalamus(mammillarybodies)

---

288.WhatistheNerveSupplyofmarked

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

structureinthegivenimage:
a)Anteriorinterosseousnerve
b)Posteriorinterosseousnerve
c)Ulnarnerve
d)Mediannerve

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-D
AnswerD.Mediannerve
Thestructureindicatedisthefirstlumbricalmuscleofthehand.
*Thelumbricalsbelongtotheintrinsicgroupofmuscleswhichact
onthehand.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

*Theintrinsicmusclesincludethefollowingmuscles/groups:
-Thenargroup(actonthumb)
-Hypothenargroup(actonlittlefinger)

---

-Adductorpollicis
-Lumbricals

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-Interosseousmuscles
-Palmarisbrevis
*Alltheintrinsicmusclesofthehand,exceptthethenarmuscles
andthelateraltwolumbricalmuscles,areinnervatedbythedeep
branchoftheulnarnerve.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

*Thethenarmusclesandthelateraltwolumbricalmusclesare
innervatedbythemediannerve.
*AusefulmnemonicforrememberingthisisMEATLOAF."MEAT"
referstotheMediannerve,andLOAFreferstothemuscleswhichit
innervates:Lateraltwolumbricals,Opponenspollicis,Abductor

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

pollicisbrevis,Flexorpollicisbrevis

---

289.Identifythemarkedstructureinthe
image:
a)Cerebrum

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b)Brainstem
c)Corpuscallosum
d)Cerebellum
CorrectAnswer-D
AnswerD.Cerebellum

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

Thecerebellum,whichstandsfor"littlebrain",isastructureofthe
centralnervoussystem.Ithasanimportantroleinmotorcontrol,
withcerebellardysfunctionoftenpresentingwithmotorsigns.
Thecerebellumislocatedatthebackofthebrain,immediately

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

inferiortotheoccipitalandtemporallobes,andwithintheposterior
cranialfossa.
Itisseparatedfromtheselobesbythetentoriumcerebelli,atough
layerofduramater.
Itliesatthesamelevelofandposteriortothepons,fromwhichitis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

separatedbythefourthventricle.

---

290.NerveinjuredinFrey'ssyndromeis:
a)AuriculotemporalNerve
b)Greatauricularnerve

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c)LingualNerve
d)Inferioralveolarnerve
CorrectAnswer-A
AnswerA.AuriculotemporalNerve
Frey'ssyndrome(alsoknownasBaillargersyndrome,Dupuy's

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

syndrome,auriculotemporalsyndrome,orFrey-Baillargersyndrome)
isarareneurologicaldisorderresultingfromdamagetoornearthe
parotidglandsresponsibleformakingsaliva,andfromdamageto
theauriculotemporalnerveoftenfromsurgery.

---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

291.Whichnervepassesthroughthemarked
forameninthegivenimage:
a)Lingualnerve
b)Mandibularnerve
c)Chordatympaninerve

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Inferioralveolarnerve
CorrectAnswer-D
AnswerD.Inferioralveolarnerve
MarkedareaisMandibularforamen,
Mandibularforamen?openingonthemedialsurfaceoftheramus;

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

passagewayfortheinferioralveolarnerveandartery,whichsupply
thelowerteeth.

---

---

292.Identifythemarkedmuscle`A'inthe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

diagram:
a)Brachioradialis
b)Extensorcarpiradialislongus
c)Flexorcarpiradialis
d)Extensorcarpiulnaris

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CorrectAnswer-B
AnswerB.Extensorcarpiradialislongus
Theextensorcarpiradialislongusmuscleemergesfromthelateral
epicondyleofthehumerusandthedistalpartofthe
supraepicondylarrim;itstendonentersonthedorsalsideofthe

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---

baseofmetacarpalII.
Inproximalareas,itisdeeptothebrachioradialismuscle.
Thewristisexpandedandabductedbytheextensorcarpiradialis
longusmuscle.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Nervesupply
Itisinnervatedbytheradialnerve
Action
Extensorandabductorofhandatwrist

---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

293.Whichofthefollowingnailfindingsis
seenintheconditionshownbelow?
a)Pterygium
b)Pigmentation
c)Pitting

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d)Ridges
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer.C.Pitting
Nailpittingmayshowupasshallowordeepholesinyournails.
invalidquestionid

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

---