Pharma D 1st Year Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Important Question Bank
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Essay Questions Pharma D 1s t Year
1. Explain the nucleophilic substitution reactions with suitable examples.
2. Add a note on mechanisms and kinetics involved in SN¹ and SN² reactions.
3. Explain the preparation of alcohol with special reference to gniguard synthesis,
reduction of carbonyl compounds, acids and esters.
4. a) Write the Mechanism, reactivity, orientation of aromatic electrophilic
substitution reaction with suitable examples.
b) Explain briefly about hybridization.
5. Why are aldehydes more reactive than ketone? Give an account of the
nucleophilic additions of aldehyde with the help of general mechanism.
6. What are Organometallic compounds? How they are prepared? Give its
synthetic applications.
7. Describe the two mechanisms of aliphatic nucleophilic substitution reactions.
Compare and contrast these two reactions in detail.
8. Describe the two mechanisms of aliphatic nucleophilic substitution reactions.
Compare and contrast these two reactions in detail.
9. Describe in detail free radical halogenation of methane explaining the
thermodynamics of the reaction with respect to the halogens: F, Cl, Br, & I.
10.Define Electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Explain the mechanism of
nitration, sulphonation, halogenation and Friedel craft’s alkylation reactions
with examples.
11. Explain the mechanism of Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions,
orientation and reactivity of benzene.
12.Give the reactions of alkenes.
13.Define elimination reaction. Explain about its Kinetic, mechanism and isotopic
effect of E1and E2 reactions.
14.Write the Mechanism, reactivity, orientation of aromatic electrophilic
substitution reaction with suitable examples.
15.Explain about the resonance stabilization of benzyl radical.
16.What are Electrophilic addition reactions? Explain any two reactions in detail.
17.Discuss the reaction, mechanism of Nucleophilic aromatic substitution.
18.Briefly discuss Stereochemistry of SN1 and SN2 reaction. How rearrangement
take place in carbocation in Nuclophilic aliphatic substitution
19. Explain the following reaction with mechanism: a) Diazotisation and coupling.
b) Aldol condensation.
20.Discuss the electrophilic substitution reaction in aromatic system.
Explain Mechanism of their reaction.
21.Briefly discuss Markownikoff’s rule and Peroxide effect with an example.
22.Discuss about Dehydro halogenation of alkyl halides. Explain about its Kinetic
and mechanism of E1and E2 reactions.
23.Explain the following reaction with mechanism: a) Michael addition. b) Reimer
tieman’s reactions.
24.Write the electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes.
25.Explain the reactivity and orientation in Electrophilic aromatic substitution
with activating and deactivating O, P, and M directing groups.
26.Give the mechanism involved in Aldol condensation and Hoffmann
rearrangement.
27.Explain SN1 r eaction with reference to mechanism, kinetics and
stereochemistry.
28. Explain theory of Resonance. Describe in detail Resonance hybrid, stability and
orbital picture of Allyl Radical.
29. What are Alkanes? Explain the free radical substitution mechanism of chlorination
of Methane in the presence UV light.
30.Discuss aromatic substitution reaction with Nucleophilies.
31. Explain the following reaction with mechanism:
a) Cannizzaro reaction b) Williamson synthesis
32. Discuss in detail about the mechanism and thermodynamics of free radical
halogenations of methane.
33. Briefly explain the mechanism and kinetics involved in nucleophilic unimolecular
and bimolecular reactions.
34.Explain Kolbe’s reaction and Fries rearrangement.
35.Discuss the 1, 2 addition and 1, 4 addition reactions of conjugated dienes.
36.What do you understand the term aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction an its
general mechanism. Discuss the aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions,
sulphonation and friedel craft alkylation reaction.
37.What are Bayer’s strain theory and its limitations? Discuss the relative stability of
cyclohexane.
38. Discuss the reaction, mechanism and its synthetic application of
a) Sandmayers reaction b) Reformatsky reaction
39. Discuss electrophilic and free radical reactions in alkenes.
40.What do you understand the term Aliphatic Nucleophilic substitution
reactions? Explain the reaction, mechanism, kinetic, stereochemistry and factor
influence SN1 r eactions.
41.Write in detail the mechanism of free radical halogenations of Methane.
Discuss its thermodynamics.
42.Discuss the reaction, mechanism and its synthetic application of :
a) Perkins condensation b) Cannizaro reaction.
43. Discuss the mechanism of the following:
a) Nitration of Benzene b) Chlorination of Propene
44. E xplain the mechanism of nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions, orientation
and reactivity of benzene.
45. Explain about the resonance stabilization of benzyl radical.
46. What are electrophilic addition reactions? Explain any two reactions in detail.
47. Explain the mechanisms of following name reactions:
a) Perkin condensation b) Kolbe reaction.
48. Define elimination reaction. Explain about its Kinetic, mechanism and isotopic
effect of E1and E2 reactions.
49. Write a note on Markownikoff’s rule and Peroxide effect.
50. Explain Bayer’s Strain Theory and discuss its limitations.
51. Explain the Aliphatic nucleophilic substitution with mechanisms and kinetics
involved in the reactions.
52. Explain the activating and deactivating O, P, and M directing groups in the
aromatic compounds.
53. Give an account of acid and base on the basis of Lewis theory and Lowry-
Bronsted concept.
54. Define nucleophiles. Explain briefly on the mechanism and kinetics of SN1
and SN2 reactions.
55. Enumerate the mechanism, reactivity and stability of free radical chain reactions
of alkanes.
56. Define electrophile. Explain briefly about friedel craft alkylation and friedel craft
acylation reaction with mechanism.
57. Compare and describe briefly on free radical substitution with free radical addition
in carbon carbon double bonded systems.
Short Note Questions
1. Preparation, tests for purity, assay and uses of aspirin.
2. Explain the reaction mechanisms of sandmeyer’s reduction with suitable
examples.
3. Explain the bimolecular displacement mechanism for nucleophilic aromatic
substitution with suitable examples.
4. Explain the conversion of acid to acid chloride and aid to esters with suitable
examples.
5. Describe the effect of substituent groups on aromatic nucleus.
6. Outline any two methods of preparation of ketones.
7. Explain fries rearrangement and hofmann rearrangement.
8. Preparation, tests for purity, assay and uses of methyl salicylate.
9. Explain the diazotization and coupling reactions of amioes.
10.Explain the 1,2 addition and 1,4 addition reactions of conjugated dienes.
11.Outline the important chemical properties of aldehydes.
12.What are cycloalkanes? Give egs. How the cycloalkanes are prepared?
13. Give the preparations of Ethers by Williamson’s synthesis.
14.Add a note on Isomerism.
15.Explain Bayer’s Strain Theory.
16.Add a note on Free Radicals
17.Preparation, tests for purity, assay, and uses of Aspirin.
18.Aldol condensation and cyanohydrin reaction of aldehydes.
19.Explain Sandmeyer’s reaction with suitable examples.
20.Two methods of preparations of aldehydes.
21.Explain Schotten-Bauman reaction.
22.Write a note on the advantages of Friedal Crafts Acylation over Alkylation.
23.Write a note on Markownikoff’s rule and Peroxide effect.
24.Define polarity of molecules and intermolecular forces with examples.
25.Explain Bayer’s strain theory with its merits and limitations.
26.Explain Kolbe’s reaction and Reimer -Tiemann’s reaction.
27.Write a note on allyl radical as a resonance hybrid.
28.Write a note on oxidation-reduction reactions with examples.
29.Define orientation, reactivity and stability.
30.Preparation, test for purity, assay and uses of Aspirin.
31.Write a note on Diels alder reaction.
32.Discuss the mechanism and synthetic uses of witting reaction.
33.Outline briefly about Bayer strain theory.
34.Describe the preparation methods for esters.
35.Discuss the mechanism and synthetic uses of benzo in condensation reaction.
36.Outline any two methods of conversion of acids to acid
Chloride and amide.
37.Explain the mechanism of halogenations of alkanes. Give the evidence for the
same.
38.Preparation, test for purity, assay and uses of vanillin.
39.Give an account of acid and base on the basis of Lewis theories.
40.Phase transfer catalysis.
41.SN1 vs. SN2 .
42.Write the preparation of alkyl halides.
43.Fries rearrangement.
44.Give the addition reactions of conjugated dienes.
45.Reformatsky reaction.
46.Explain peroxide effect.
47. 4n+2 rule.
48.Sandmeyer reaction.
49.Write the preparations of Carboxylic acids
50.Preparation, test for purity, assay and uses of methyl salicylate.
51.Explain about preparation methods of free radicals.
52.Outline briefly about Bayer strain theory.
53.Discuss the mechanism and synthetic uses of Hoffman rearrangement reaction.
54.Describe the preparation methods for amide.
55.Preparation, test for purity, assay and uses of Chlorbutol.
56.Write notes on Inter molecular forces
57. Give the mechanism for nitration and sulphonation reaction.
58.Explain the preparation methods and synthetic uses of diazonium salts.
59.Discuss the mechanism and synthetic uses of Reformatsky reaction.
60.Phase transfer catalysis.
61.SN1 VS. SN2 .
62.Bayers strain theory.
63.Markownikoff’s rule.
64. 1, 4-addition and. 1,2-addition reactions of Dienes.
65.Write any three methods of preparation of carboxylic acids.
66.Write the preparation and medicinal uses of a) Vanillin. b) Salicylic acid.
67.Fries rearrangement.
68.Aliphatic Nucleophilic substitution V.s. Aromatic nucleophilic substitution.
69.Diel’s alder reaction.
70.Discuss the mechanism and synthetic uses of Aldol condensation
71.Give an account of acid and base on the basis of Lewis theory.
72.Give an example for free radical halogenation of alkenes with respect to
carbon-carbon double bond acting as a substituent
73.Write a note on activating and deactivating Ortho, Para and Meta directing
groups
74.Write any two methods of conversion of acid to esters.
75.Riemer –Tiemann’s reaction.
76.Write any two methods to prepare alkyl halides.
77.Add a note on carbocations
78.Write the preparation, test for purity, Assay and uses of Saccharin.
79.Explain the addition reaction of conjugated dienes
80.Write the structure, preparation, Assay and chemical uses of Sodium lauryl
sulphate.
81.Explain the Wittig reaction with mechanisms.
82.Additions of carbine.
83.Orbital picture of Allyl radical
84.Explain the mechanism of E1 and E2 reaction
85.Write short notes on Baeyr’s strain theory.
86.Write the structure, preparation, Assay & chemical uses of Ethylene diamine
dihyrate.
87.Explain stereochemistry of SN1 and SN2 reactions.
88.Explain the method of preparation of esters and anhydride.
89.Explain the Wittig reaction with mechanisms.
90.Protic and Aprotic solvents.
91.Phase transfer catalysis
92. 1, 2 elimination reactions
93.Allylic rearrangement
94.E2 vs. E1.
95. Write a note on diazotisation and coupling reaction.
96.Write the structure, preparation and chemical uses of Mephensin.
97.Explain the mechanism and Stereochemistry of SN2 reaction.
98.Explain the Kolbe reaction with mechanisms
99.Define Isomerism with suitable examples
100. Give the dif fe ren t m et h od s for preparation of Alicyl i c c o mpoun ds
101. Write a brief note about the basicity of amines.
102. Briefly explain Bayer’s strain theory.
103. Write a note on Resonance
104. Write the test for purity, assay and medicinal uses of salicylic acid.
105. Explain Markownikoff rule with example.
106. Explain the acid base on the basis of Lowry-Bronsted concept.
107. Polarity of bond and molecules.
108. Stereoisomerism.
109. With example explain the mechanism of SN2 r eaction.
110. 1, 2 – addition v ersus 1 , 4 – addition reaction in conjugated dienes.
111. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions.
112. Discuss the preparation, assay and uses of Dimercaprol.
113. Acid base theory
114. Write a note on acidity of carboxylic acid.
115. Classification and stability of free radicals.
116. Conversion of carboxylic acid to acid chloride and amide.
117. Discuss the preparation, assay and uses of Vanillin.
118. Oxidation reactions.
119. Give an account of acid and base on the basis of Lewis theory.
120. Explain the addition reaction of conjugated dienes.
121. Discuss about allylic rearrangement with examples.
122. Write the preparation, test for purity, assay and medicinal use of
mephensin.
123. What are cycloalkanes? Give an example. Discuss the preparation of
cycloalkanes.
124. Illustrate a note on free radical chain reactions of alkane.
125. Write a note on activating and deactivating O, P, and M directing groups.
126. Explain Cannizaro reaction.
127. Add a note on Free Radical substitution reaction of alkanes.
128. Add a note on Structural Isomerism.
129. Preparation, test for purity, assay and uses of Vanillin.
130. What is dipole moment? Explain with suitable example.
131. Preparation, tests for purity, assay and uses of aspirin.
132. Explain the reaction mechanisms of Sandmeyer’s reduction with suitable
examples.
133. Explain fries rearrangement and Hofmann rearrangement.
134. Add a note on Isomerism.
135. What are cycloalkanes? Give example. How the cycloalkanes are prepared?
136. Polarity of bond and Aprotic solvents.
137. Write a note on bimolecular displacement mechanisms.
138. Write a note on dienes and its types.
139. Brief out on Lewis Theory.
140. Write a note on the chemical properties of cyclo alkanes.
141. Briefly write a note on Markownikoff rule.
142. Add a note on the mechanisms of Knoevenagel reaction.
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