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FORMULA LIST:
Arithmetic Progression (A.P.):
An A.P. is of the form a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d, …
where a is called the ‘first term’ and d is called the ‘common difference’
1. nth term of an A.P. tn = a + (n-1)d
2. Sum of the first n terms of an A.P. Sn = n/2[2a+(n-1)d] or Sn = n/2(first term + last term)
Geometrical Progression (G.P.):
A G.P. is of the form a, ar, ar2, ar3, …
where a is called the ‘first term’ and r is called the ‘common ratio’.
1. nth term of a G.P. tn = arn-1
2. Sum of the first n terms in a G.P. Sn = a|1-rn|/|1-r|
Permutations and Combinations :
1. nPr = n!/(n-r)!
2. nPn = n!
3. nP1 = n
1. nCr = n!/(r! (n-r)!)
2. nC1 = n
3. nC0 = 1 = nCn
4. nCr = nCn-r
5. nCr = nPr/r!
Number of diagonals in a geometric figure of n sides = nC2-n
Tests of Divisibility :
1. A number is divisible by 2 if it is an even number.
2. A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of the digits is divisible by 3.
3. A number is divisible by 4 if the number formed by the last two digits is divisible by 4.
4. A number is divisible by 5 if the units digit is either 5 or 0.
5. A number is divisible by 6 if the number is divisible by both 2 and 3.
6. A number is divisible by 8 if the number formed by the last three digits is divisible by 8.
7. A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of the digits is divisible by 9.
8. A number is divisible by 10 if the units digit is 0.
9. A number is divisible by 11 if the difference of the sum of its digits at odd places and the sum of
its digits at even places, is divisible by 11.
H.C.F and L.C.M :
Quantitative
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H.C.F stands for Highest Common Factor. The other names for H.C.F are Greatest Common
Divisor (G.C.D) and Greatest Common Measure (G.C.M).
The H.C.F. of two or more numbers is the greatest number that divides each one of them
exactly.
The least number which is exactly divisible by each one of the given numbers is called their
L.C.M.
Two numbers are said to be co-prime if their H.C.F. is 1.
H.C.F. of fractions = H.C.F. of numerators/L.C.M of denominators
L.C.M. of fractions = G.C.D. of numerators/H.C.F of denominators
Product of two numbers = Product of their H.C.F. and L.C.M.
PERCENTAGES :
1. If A is R% more than B, then B is less than A by R / (100+R) * 100
2. If A is R% less than B, then B is more than A by R / (100-R) * 100
3. If the price of a commodity increases by R%, then reduction in consumption, not to increase the
expenditure is : R/(100+R)*100
4. If the price of a commodity decreases by R%, then the increase in consumption, not to decrease
the expenditure is : R/(100-R)*100
PROFIT & LOSS :
1. Gain = Selling Price(S.P.) – Cost Price(C.P)
2. Loss = C.P. – S.P.
3. Gain % = Gain * 100 / C.P.
4. Loss % = Loss * 100 / C.P.
5. S.P. = (100+Gain%)/100*C.P.
6. S.P. = (100-Loss%)/100*C.P.
Short cut Methods:
1. By selling an article for Rs. X, a man loses l%. At what price should he sell it to gain y%?
(or)
A man lost l% by selling an article for Rs. X. What percent shall he gain or lose by selling it
for Rs. Y?
(100 ? loss%) : 1st S.P. = (100 + gain%) : 2nd S.P.
2. A man sold two articles for Rs. X each. On one he gains y% while on the other he loses y%.
How much does he gain or lose in the whole transaction?
In such a question, there is always a lose. The selling price is immaterial.
Formula: Loss % =
Common loss or gain% 2
%
10
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3. A discount dealer professes to sell his goods at cost price but uses a weight of 960 gms. For
a kg weight. Find his gain percent.
Formula: Gain % =
RATIO & PROPORTIONS:
1. The ratio a : b represents a fraction a/b. a is called antecedent and b is called consequent.
2. The equality of two different ratios is called proportion.
3. If a : b = c : d then a, b, c, d are in proportion. This is represented by a : b :: c : d.
4. In a : b = c : d, then we have a* d = b * c.
5. If a/b = c/d then ( a + b ) / ( a ? b ) = ( d + c ) / ( d ? c ).
TIME & WORK :
1. If A can do a piece of work in n days, then A’s 1 day’s work = 1/n
2. If A and B work together for n days, then (A+B)’s 1 days’s work = 1/n
3. If A is twice as good workman as B, then ratio of work done by A and B = 2:1
PIPES & CISTERNS :
1. If a pipe can fill a tank in x hours, then part of tank filled in one hour = 1/x
2. If a pipe can empty a full tank in y hours, then part emptied in one hour = 1/y
3. If a pipe can fill a tank in x hours, and another pipe can empty the full tank in y hours, then on
opening both the pipes,
the net part filled in 1 hour = (1/x-1/y) if y>x
the net part emptied in 1 hour = (1/y-1/x) if x>y
TIME & DISTANCE :
1. Distance = Speed * Time
2. 1 km/hr = 5/18 m/sec
3. 1 m/sec = 18/5 km/hr
4. Suppose a man covers a certain distance at x kmph and an equal distance at y kmph. Then, the
average speed during the whole journey is 2xy/(x+y) kmph.
PROBLEMS ON TRAINS :
1. Time taken by a train x metres long in passing a signal post or a pole or a standing man is equal
to the time taken by the train to cover x metres.
2. Time taken by a train x metres long in passing a stationary object of length y metres is equal to
the time taken by the train to cover x+y metres.
3. Suppose two trains are moving in the same direction at u kmph and v kmph such that u>v, then
their relative speed = u-v kmph.
4. If two trains of length x km and y km are moving in the same direction at u kmph and v kmph,
where u>v, then time taken by the faster train to cross the slower train = (x+y)/(u-v) hours.
5. Suppose two trains are moving in opposite directions at u kmph and v kmph. Then, their relative
speed = (u+v) kmph.
Error
*100 %
True value – Error
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6. If two trains of length x km and y km are moving in the opposite directions at u kmph and v
kmph, then time taken by the trains to cross each other = (x+y)/(u+v)hours.
7. If two trains start at the same time from two points A and B towards each other and after
crossing they take a and b hours in reaching B and A respectively, then A’s speed : B’s speed =
(?b : ?
SIMPLE & COMPOUND INTERESTS :
Let P be the principal, R be the interest rate percent per annum, and N be the time
period.
1. Simple Interest = (P*N*R)/100
2. Compound Interest = P(1 + R/100)N ? P
3. Amount = Principal + Interest
LOGORITHMS :
If am = x , then m = logax.
Properties :
1. log xx = 1
2. log x1 = 0
3. log a(xy) = log ax + log ay
4. log a(x/y) = log ax – log ay
5. log ax = 1/log xa
6. log a(xp) = p(log ax)
7. log ax = log bx/log ba
Note : Logarithms for base 1 does not exist.
AREA & PERIMETER :
Shape Area Perimeter
Circle ? (Radius)2 2?(Radius)
Square (side)2 4(side)
Rectangle length*breadth 2(length+breadth)
1. Area of a triangle = 1/2*Base*Height or
2. Area of a triangle = ? (s(s-(s-b)(s-c)) where a,b,c are the lengths of the sides and s = (a+b+c)/2
3. Area of a parallelogram = Base * Height
4. Area of a rhombus = 1/2(Product of diagonals)
5. Area of a trapezium = 1/2(Sum of parallel sides)(distance between the parallel sides)
6. Area of a quadrilateral = 1/2(diagonal)(Sum of sides)
7. Area of a regular hexagon = 6(?3/4)(side)2
8. Area of a ring = ?(R2-r2) where R and r are the outer and inner radii of the ring.
VOLUME & SURFACE AREA :
Cube :
Let a be the length of each edge. Then,
1. Volume of the cube = a3 cubic units
2. Surface Area = 6a2 square units
3. Diagonal = ? 3 a units
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Cuboid :
Let l be the length, b be the breadth and h be the height of a cuboid. Then
1. Volume = lbh cu units
2. Surface Area = 2(lb+bh+lh) sq units
3. Diagonal = ? (l2+b2+h2)
Cylinder :
Let radius of the base be r and height of the cylinder be h. Then,
1. Volume = ?r2h cu units
2. Curved Surface Area = 2?rh sq units
3. Total Surface Area = 2?rh + 2?r2 sq units
Cone :
Let r be the radius of base, h be the height, and l be the slant height of the cone. Then,
1. l2 = h2 + r2
2. Volume = 1/3(?r2h) cu units
3. Curved Surface Area = ?rl sq units
4. Total Surface Area = ?rl + ?r2 sq units
Sphere :
Let r be the radius of the sphere. Then,
1. Volume = (4/3)?r3 cu units
2. Surface Area = 4?r2 sq units
Hemi-sphere :
Let r be the radius of the hemi-sphere. Then,
1. Volume = (2/3)?r3 cu units
2. Curved Surface Area = 2?r2 sq units
3. Total Surface Area = 3?r2 sq units
Prism :
Volume = (Area of base)(Height)
ALGEBRA :
1. Sum of first n natural numbers = n(n+1)/2
2. Sum of the squares of first n natural numbers = n(n+1)(2n+1)/6
3. Sum of the cubes of first n natural numbers = [n(n+1)/2]2
4. Sum of first n natural odd numbers = n2
5. Average = (Sum of items)/Number of items

50 Common Interview Questions and Answers
50 COMMON INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Review these typical interview questions and think about how you would answer them. Read
the questions listed; you will also find some strategy suggestions with it.
1. Tell me about yourself:
The most often asked question in interviews. You need to have a short statement prepared
in your mind. Be careful that it does not sound rehearsed. Limit it to work-related items
unless instructed otherwise. Talk about things you have done and jobs you have held that
relate to the position you are interviewing for. Start with the item farthest back and work up
to the present.
2. Why did you leave your last job?
Stay positive regardless of the circumstances. Never refer to a major problem with
management and never speak ill of supervisors, co-workers or the organization. If you do,
you will be the one looking bad. Keep smiling and talk about leaving for a positive reason
such as an opportunity, a chance to do something special or other forward-looking reasons.
3. What experience do you have in this field?
Speak about specifics that relate to the position you are applying for. If you do not have
specific experience, get as close as you can.
4. Do you consider yourself successful?
You should always answer yes and briefly explain why. A good explanation is that you have
set goals, and you have met some and are on track to achieve the others.
5. What do co-workers say about you?
Be prepared with a quote or two from co-workers. Either a specific statement or a
paraphrase will work. Jill Clark, a co-worker at Smith Company, always said I was the
hardest workers she had ever known. It is as powerful as Jill having said it at the interview
herself.
6. What do you know about this organization?
This question is one reason to do some research on the organization before the interview.
Find out where they have been and where they are going. What are the current issues and
who are the major players?
7. What have you done to improve your knowledge in the last year?
Try to include improvement activities that relate to the job. A wide variety of activities can
be mentioned as positive self-improvement. Have some good ones handy to mention.
8. Are you applying for other jobs?
Be honest but do not spend a lot of time in this area. Keep the focus on this job and what
you can do for this organization. Anything else is a distraction.
9. Why do you want to work for this organization?
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50 Common Interview Questions and Answers
This may take some thought and certainly, should be based on the research you have done
on the organization. Sincerity is extremely important here and will easily be sensed. Relate
it to your long-term career goals.
10. Do you know anyone who works for us?
Be aware of the policy on relatives working for the organization. This can affect your answer
even though they asked about friends not relatives. Be careful to mention a friend only if
they are well thought of.
11. What kind of salary do you need?
A loaded question. A nasty little game that you will probably lose if you answer first. So, do
not answer it. Instead, say something like, That’s a tough question. Can you tell me the
range for this position? In most cases, the interviewer, taken off guard, will tell you. If not,
say that it can depend on the details of the job. Then give a wide range.
12. Are you a team player?
You are, of course, a team player. Be sure to have examples ready. Specifics that show you
often perform for the good of the team rather than for yourself are good evidence of your
team attitude. Do not brag, just say it in a matter-of-fact tone. This is a key point.
13. How long would you expect to work for us if hired?
Specifics here are not good. Something like this should work: I’d like it to be a long time. Or
As long as we both feel I’m doing a good job.
14. Have you ever had to fire anyone? How did you feel about that?
This is serious. Do not make light of it or in any way seem like you like to fire people. At the
same time, you will do it when it is the right thing to do. When it comes to the organization
versus the individual who has created a harmful situation, you will protect the organization.
Remember firing is not the same as layoff or reduction in force.
15. What is your philosophy towards work?
The interviewer is not looking for a long or flowery dissertation here. Do you have strong
feelings that the job gets done? Yes. That’s the type of answer that works best here. Short
and positive, showing a benefit to the organization.
16. If you had enough money to retire right now, would you?
Answer yes if you would. But since you need to work, this is the type of work you prefer. Do
not say yes if you do not mean it.
17. Have you ever been asked to leave a position?
If you have not, say no. If you have, be honest, brief and avoid saying negative things
about the people or organization involved.
18. Explain how you would be an asset to this organization
You should be anxious for this question. It gives you a chance to highlight your best points
as they relate to the position being discussed. Give a little advance thought to this
relationship.
19. Why should we hire you?
Point out how your assets meet what the organization needs. Do not mention any other
candidates to make a comparison.
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50 Common Interview Questions and Answers
20. Tell me about a suggestion you have made
Have a good one ready. Be sure and use a suggestion that was accepted and was then
considered successful. One related to the type of work applied for is a real plus.
21. What irritates you about co-workers?
This is a trap question. Think real hard but fail to come up with anything that irritates you.
A short statement that you seem to get along with folks is great.
22. What is your greatest strength?
Numerous answers are good, just stay positive. A few good examples:
Your ability to prioritize, Your problem-solving skills, Your ability to work under pressure,
Your ability to focus on projects, Your professional expertise, Your leadership skills, Your
positive attitude .
23. Tell me about your dream job.
Stay away from a specific job. You cannot win. If you say the job you are contending for is
it, you strain credibility. If you say another job is it, you plant the suspicion that you will be
dissatisfied with this position if hired. The best is to stay genetic and say something like: A
job where I love the work, like the people, can contribute and can’t wait to get to work.
24. Why do you think you would do well at this job?
Give several reasons and include skills, experience and interest.
25. What are you looking for in a job?
See answer # 23
26. What kind of person would you refuse to work with?
Do not be trivial. It would take disloyalty to the organization, violence or lawbreaking to get
you to object. Minor objections will label you as a whiner.
27. What is more important to you: the money or the work?
Money is always important, but the work is the most important. There is no better answer.
28. What would your previous supervisor say your strongest point is?
There are numerous good possibilities:
Loyalty, Energy, Positive attitude, Leadership, Team player, Expertise, Initiative, Patience,
Hard work, Creativity, Problem solver
29. Tell me about a problem you had with a supervisor
Biggest trap of all. This is a test to see if you will speak ill of your boss. If you fall for it and
tell about a problem with a former boss, you may well below the interview right there. Stay
positive and develop a poor memory about any trouble with a supervisor.
30. What has disappointed you about a job?
Don’t get trivial or negative. Safe areas are few but can include:
Not enough of a challenge. You were laid off in a reduction Company did not win a contract,
which would have given you more responsibility.
31. Tell me about your ability to work under pressure.
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50 Common Interview Questions and Answers
You may say that you thrive under certain types of pressure. Give an example that relates
to the type of position applied for.
32. Do your skills match this job or another job more closely?
Probably this one. Do not give fuel to the suspicion that you may want another job more
than this one.
33. What motivates you to do your best on the job?
This is a personal trait that only you can say, but good examples are:
Challenge, Achievement, Recognition
34. Are you willing to work overtime? Nights? Weekends?
This is up to you. Be totally honest.
35. How would you know you were successful on this job?
Several ways are good measures:
You set high standards for yourself and meet them. Your outcomes are a success.Your boss
tell you that you are successful
36. Would you be willing to relocate if required?
You should be clear on this with your family prior to the interview if you think there is a
chance it may come up. Do not say yes just to get the job if the real answer is no. This can
create a lot of problems later on in your career. Be honest at this point and save yourself
future grief.
37. Are you willing to put the interests of the organization ahead of your own?
This is a straight loyalty and dedication question. Do not worry about the deep ethical and
philosophical implications. Just say yes.
38. Describe your management style.
Try to avoid labels. Some of the more common labels, like progressive, salesman or
consensus, can have several meanings or descriptions depending on which management
expert you listen to. The situational style is safe, because it says you will manage according
to the situation, instead of one size fits all.
39. What have you learned from mistakes on the job?
Here you have to come up with something or you strain credibility. Make it small, well
intentioned mistake with a positive lesson learned. An example would be working too far
ahead of colleagues on a project and thus throwing coordination off.
40. Do you have any blind spots?
Trick question. If you know about blind spots, they are no longer blind spots. Do not reveal
any personal areas of concern here. Let them do their own discovery on your bad points. Do
not hand it to them.
41. If you were hiring a person for this job, what would you look for?
Be careful to mention traits that are needed and that you have.
42. Do you think you are overqualified for this position?
Regardless of your qualifications, state that you are very well qualified for the position.
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50 Common Interview Questions and Answers
43. How do you propose to compensate for your lack of experience?
First, if you have experience that the interviewer does not know about, bring that up: Then,
point out (if true) that you are a hard working quick learner.
44. What qualities do you look for in a boss?
Be generic and positive. Safe qualities are knowledgeable, a sense of humor, fair, loyal to
subordinates and holder of high standards. All bosses think they have these traits.
45. Tell me about a time when you helped resolve a dispute between others.
Pick a specific incident. Concentrate on your problem solving technique and not the dispute
you settled.
46. What position do you prefer on a team working on a project?
Be honest. If you are comfortable in different roles, point that out.
47. Describe your work ethic.
Emphasize benefits to the organization. Things like, determination to get the job done and
work hard but enjoy your work are good.
48. What has been your biggest professional disappointment?
Be sure that you refer to something that was beyond your control. Show acceptance and no
negative feelings.
49. Tell me about the most fun you have had on the job.
Talk about having fun by accomplishing something for the organization.
50. Do you have any questions for me?
Always have some questions prepared. Questions prepared where you will be an asset to
the organization are good. How soon will I be able to be productive? and What type of
projects will I be able to assist on? are examples.
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