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Chapter 1
Define Pharmacognosy 02
Define Pharmacognosy and who coined term Pharmacognosy 02
Explain the various scopes of Pharmacognosy. 05
Write in detail about the history of Pharmacognosy. 05
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Chapter 2
Explain the taxonomical features of plants belongs to Umbelliferae/solanaceae/ Leguminosae/Liliaceae family along with suitable examples 05
Write the name, biological source and uses of plants belongs leguminosae family 02
Medicinal importance of plants belongs to Solanaceae family 02
Chapter 3
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Classify the crude drugs based on alphabetical method of classification 02
Differentiate organised and unorganised drugs with suitable examples 02
Write in brief about chemotaxonomy 02
Write about various parameters considered in chemotaxonomical classification 02
Classify crude drugs based on their chemical/pharmacological nature along with suitable examples 05
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Explain in detail about chemotaxonomical classification 05
Discuss about various methods of classification of crude drugs along with their merits and demerits 10
Classify crude drugs based on their chemical and pharmacological/taxonomical/morphological nature along with suitable examples 10
Define organised/unorganised drugs along with suitable examples 02
Chapter 4
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Define cultivation and enlist various methods of cultivation 02
Define cultivation and list out various advantages of cultivation 02
Write in brief about various methods of conservation of medicinal plants 02
Write about various methods of drying of crude drugs 02
Define garbling and drying of crude drugs 02
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Write about various methods of collection of barks 02
Write in brief about bio fertilisers 02
Write about mechanical/chemical/biological/agricultural method of pest control 02
Write about storage of any four crude drugs 02
List out the names of various plant hormones 02
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Discuss in detail about conservation of medicinal plants 02
List out the names of some plant hormones 02
Define the term garbling, coppicing and felling 02
Write the method of production of Opium 02
Explain in detail about different time of collection and method of harvesting of crude drugs 05
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Explain storage of crude drugs 05
Define pest and discuss about various methods used for pest control 05
What is soil fertility? Explain various types of soils and technique used to improve the fertility of the soil. 05
Explain the detail method of cultivation of Opium/Senna/Isapgol/Cinchona/Clove 05
Define cultivation and explain about various factors affecting cultivation 10
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Define cultivation and explain about method cultivation of opium, cinchona/clove, Isapgol/Senna (any two crude drugs) 10
Chapter 5
Define pesticides and give some examples of natural pesticides 02
Name two natural pesticides and list some advantages of natural pesticides 02
Mention about various mechanisms by natural pesticides acts 02
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Write the biological source, chemical constituents and uses of any one natural pesticide (Tobacco/Neem/Pyrethrum) 02
List out the advantages and disadvantages of natural pesticides 02
Discuss in detail about insect flower as a natural pesticide 05
Discuss in detail about pyrethrum/ neem and tobacco as natural pesticide 05
Chapter 6
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Define adulteration, sophistication and deterioration (any two term) 02
List out various reasons behind adulteration of crude drugs 02
Explain various methods of adulteration of crude drugs along with suitable examples 05
Chapter 7
Define primary and secondary metabolites by giving suitable examples 02
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List the various cell wall components of the plant 02
List out primary and secondary metabolites with suitable examples 02
Define any two secondary metabolites and give some examples 02
List the various cell wall components of the plant 02
Define ergastic cell inclusions and list out some of them 02
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Chemical tests for the identification of lignin and mucilage 02
Explain various cell wall components and reagents used to identify of each of them 05
Write in detail about various plant constituents and cell wall components 05
Chapter 8
List out various chemical reagent used in chemomicroscopy 02
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Write the BS, CC and uses of a crude drug which contain sclereid/stone cell layer or plasmodesmata or lignified trichome or paraquetry arrangements or both glandular and covering trichome 02
Write the BS, CC and uses of a crude drug belong to fruit/flower/stem/bark/root/rhizome/leaf/wood/seed category 02
List out the general characters found in the transverse section of fruit/bark/leaf/seed/root 02
Give the BS, CC and uses of a crude drug used in the treatment of asthma, hypertension, carminative 02
Define stomata and write its functions 02
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Give the BS, CC and use of the drug which is cremocarpus in nature 02
Name the drug which contain vittae and give its biological source and uses 02
Name and give biological source of wood drug containing bitter principle 02
General microscopical characters of bark 02
Discuss the morphology and microscopy of Datura/Cinnamon/Ginger/Ephedra/ Rauwolfia/Quassia/Clove/Fennel/Nux-Vomica with a neat labelled diagram (any one drug) 05
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Write in detail the microscopy of Umbelliferous fruit with a neat labelled diagram 05
Discuss the morphology and microscopy of Datura/Cinnamon/Ginger/Ephedra/ Rauwolfia/Quassia/Clove/Fennel/Nux-Vomica with a neat labelled diagram (any two drugs) 10
Chapter 9
Define carbohydrates and give some examples of crude drugs belongs to carbohydrates 02
Define gums and mucilages and give suitable examples 02
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Write the BS, CC and uses of a crude drug used as bulk laxative 02
Write the BS, CC and uses of honey/Isapgol/guar gum/acacia/agar/tragacanth/ pectin/sterculia gum 02
Write the BS and chemical nature of Tragacanth and Sterculia gum 02
Write the tests used in the identification of mucilage in the plant 02
Explain the chemical test used to identify the adulterant in honey 02
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Write the BS, CC and uses of drug containing invert sugar 02
Write the chemical test for the identification of sulphonated compounds present in Agar 02
Define swelling factor/index and write the name of the drug studied by this method 02
Explain Fiehe's test 02
Write the chemical tests used to differentiate agar from acacia or tragacanth (any two) 05
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Write the source, method of production, chemical constituents and uses of crude drug obtained from Red algae 05
Write in detail about the BS, CC, uses, chemical tests and method of production of honey/pectin/agar/ 05
Chapter 10
Define lipids and give two examples for fats/oil/wax 02
What are fats, oils and wax? Give suitable examples for each 02
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List out the methods used for refining of oils 02
Write the BS, CC and uses of each lipid drug 02
Write the BS and CC of the drug used as an antileprotic 02
Write the BS, constituents and uses of crude drug containing ricinoleic acid 02
Explain the production of woolfat/bees wax/cod liver oil/kokum butter 02
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Write the BS, CC, production and uses of Bees wax 02
Write the BS and uses of Vitamin D containing oil 02
Define lipids. Write the BS, CC, production and uses of chaulmoogra oil 05
What are lipids? Explain in detail about the BS, CC, production and uses of chaulmoogra oil and castor oil 10
Chapter 11
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Define resins and give some examples 02
Define balsams and resins 02
Define balsams and give suitable examples 02
List out general properties of resins 02
Explain the chemical tests used to differentiate Siam benzoin from Sumatra benzoin 02
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Give the BS, CC and uses of oleo resin drug 02
Explain the principle involved in combined umbelliferone test and its significance 02
Write the BS, CC and uses of Myrrh, Benzoin, Asafoetida, Ginger and Podophyllum (any one) 02
Give the BS, CC and uses of resin containing drug used in the treatment of cancer 02
Write the chemical test used for the identification of Benzoin and Asafoetida 05
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Define resins. Write their properties and classify them with suitable examples 05
Chapter 12
Define fibres and give some examples for plant and animal fibres 02
Write the identification tests for Cotton 02
Write the BS, CC and uses of a cotton/hemp/jute/wool/silk 02
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Define the term Retting in the production of plant fibres 02
Write the tests used to differentiate plant and animal fibres 02
Discuss in detail about BS, CC, uses and production of absorbent cotton along with identification tests 05
Write the source, method production, chemical constituents and uses of Jute 05
Discuss in detail about BS, CC, uses and method of production of Jute/Hemp/Silk /Wool (any two) 05
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Define fibre and classify them with suitable examples. Explain the method of production of absorbent cotton 05
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