Download Anna University B-Tech CSE 3rd Sem CS8381 Data Structures DS Lab Manual Question Paper

Page 1 of 43


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL
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Page 1 of 43

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION
MISSION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


III SEMESTER - R 2017

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY



Name : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 2 of 43

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

tag on heart and soul
VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees

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8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

TOTAL: 60 PERIODS


Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data

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storage and retrieval

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 1 of 43


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1.a)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2.
Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)

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Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

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4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

5.
a. Graph Representation

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b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.
Implementation of Heaps

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9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.

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Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2.
Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

5.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Implementation of Heaps

9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)

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Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

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Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY

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--------------------------------
1.PUSH
2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


III SEMESTER - R 2017

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY



Name : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 2 of 43

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

tag on heart and soul
VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees

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8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

TOTAL: 60 PERIODS


Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

storage and retrieval

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

No.
1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)

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Array implementation of Queue ADT

2.
Array implementation of List ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)

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Application of Stack ADT

4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

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5.
a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.

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Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

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8.
Implementation of Heaps

9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

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10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11

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Implementation of Hashing Technique

Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.

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Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.

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6. Close the program

Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------
1.PUSH
2.POP
3.DISPLAY

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4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

Enter the Choice:1

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Enter a value to be pushed:24

Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

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Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

98
24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

EXIT POINT

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

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Applications:
1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2.
Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

5.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Implementation of Heaps

9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--------------------------------
1.PUSH
2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

98

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

EXIT POINT

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

Applications:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Output:
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

1.Insert element to queue
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 1 of 43


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1.a)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2.
Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

5.
a. Graph Representation

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.
Implementation of Heaps

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1.PUSH
2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter a value to be pushed:12

Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

Enter the Choice:3

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

The elements in STACK

98
24

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

The popped elements is 98

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

24

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

EXIT POINT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

Applications:
1. Expression evaluation

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

Aim:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

Output:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Inset the element in queue : 10

1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Queue is :
15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION
MISSION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

Page 5 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

COURSE OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

2.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

4. b)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Application of Queue ADT

5.
a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

7.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.
Implementation of Heaps

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

Page 7 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

Sample output :

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------
1.PUSH

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

Page 8 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

Enter the Choice:3

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

The elements in STACK

98
24
12

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

The elements in STACK

24
12

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

EXIT POINT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

Applications:
1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

Output:
1.Insert element to queue

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Inset the element in queue : 30

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

1.Insert element to queue

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter your choice : 4

Page 11 of 43
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array
3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


III SEMESTER - R 2017

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS


Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page
No.
1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

2.
Array implementation of List ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

3. b)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5.
a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

8.
Implementation of Heaps

9.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Date:

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------
1.PUSH
2.POP

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter a value to be pushed:98

Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

98
24
12
Press Next Choice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter the Choice:2

The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

The elements in STACK

24
12
Press Next Choice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter the Choice:4

EXIT POINT

Result:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Applications:
1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6. Close the program

Output:
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

1.Insert element to queue

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :
15 20 30

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 11 of 43
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

Applications:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.


Viva Voce:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array
3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1

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Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end

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If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list

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print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

Output:
Main Menu

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION
MISSION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

Page 5 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

COURSE OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

2.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

4. b)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Application of Queue ADT

5.
a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

7.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.
Implementation of Heaps

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9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

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11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

Page 7 of 43

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Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

Sample output :

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------
1.PUSH

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2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

Page 8 of 43

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

98
24
12

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Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

24
12

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Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

EXIT POINT

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

Applications:
1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43

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Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =

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value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same

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until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

Output:
1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 30

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :

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15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 4

Page 11 of 43
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and

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the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array
3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

Output:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
Page 13 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the number of nodes 3

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56
The list after insertion:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
56
71

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2
Enter the position u want to delete: 2

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 1 of 43


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1.a)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2.
Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

5.
a. Graph Representation

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.
Implementation of Heaps

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1.PUSH
2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter a value to be pushed:12

Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

Enter the Choice:3

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

The elements in STACK

98
24

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

The popped elements is 98

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Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

24

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12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

EXIT POINT

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

Applications:
1. Expression evaluation

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2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.

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If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)

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If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).

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5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.

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Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

Output:

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 10

1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3

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Queue is :
15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

Page 11 of 43
Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array
3. Define ADT.

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4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack

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9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT

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DATE

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.

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List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N

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Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.

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Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.

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delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L

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undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

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Output:
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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Page 13 of 43
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3

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Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56

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The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
56

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71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2

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Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

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Page 14 of 43
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:
67

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69
71
Do You Want to continue: N

Result:

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Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:

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1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is array
2. Define ADT.

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3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full

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8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

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To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

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VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS

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To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field

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b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT

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tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to

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convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

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To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs

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4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.

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9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a

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given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.

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1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

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2.
Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)

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Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

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3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

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4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

5.

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a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

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7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.

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Implementation of Heaps

9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

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10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

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Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().

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3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]

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to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)

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Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

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Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY

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--------------------------------
1.PUSH
2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

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Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

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Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

98

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24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

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The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

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24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

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EXIT POINT

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

Applications:

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1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.

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2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate

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the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.

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Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are

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equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

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Output:
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 20

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :
15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

Page 11 of 43

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array

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3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue

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8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43

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EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().

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3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)

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4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.

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returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

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Output:
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
Page 13 of 43
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71

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Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter the element to insert: 56
The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69

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56
71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter your Choice: 2
Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
Page 14 of 43
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

67
69
71
Do You Want to continue: N

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is array

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Define ADT.
3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

7. How will you find the list is full
8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

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Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack
Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.

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Finally, set top = newNode.
6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function

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3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.
4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).

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2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp
reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Output
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 3
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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Page 1 of 43


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION

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MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the

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same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools

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f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms

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i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures

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To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs

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5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms

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10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem

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Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1.a)

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Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

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2.
Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

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3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)

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Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

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4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

5.
a. Graph Representation

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b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

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7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.
Implementation of Heaps

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9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.

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Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

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Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.

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Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).

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4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one

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(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

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Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------

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1.PUSH
2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1

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Enter a value to be pushed:12

Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

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Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

98
24

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12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

The popped elements is 98

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Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

24

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12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

EXIT POINT

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

Applications:
1. Expression evaluation

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2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().

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3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.

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If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)

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If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).

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5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.

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Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

Output:

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 10

1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3

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Queue is :
15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

Page 11 of 43
Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array
3. Define ADT.

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4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack

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9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT

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DATE

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.

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List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N

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Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.

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Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.

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delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L

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undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

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Output:
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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Page 13 of 43
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3

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Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56

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The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
56

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71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2

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Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

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Page 14 of 43
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:
67

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69
71
Do You Want to continue: N

Result:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is array
2. Define ADT.

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3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full

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8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

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Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.
5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack

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Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.
Finally, set top = newNode.

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6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.

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4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.

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3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp
reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Output
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 3
Page 16 of 43
Insertion Success

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

Insertion Success
****** MENU ******

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:2

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Deleted Element: 5

****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:3
3-> NULL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter your choice:4
...Program finished with exit code 0
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in memory management
2.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.

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1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

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2.
Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)

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Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

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3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

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4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

5.

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a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

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7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.

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Implementation of Heaps

9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

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10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

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Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().

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3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]

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to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)

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Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

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Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY

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--------------------------------
1.PUSH
2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

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Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

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Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

98

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24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

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The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

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24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

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EXIT POINT

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

Applications:

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1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.

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2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate

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the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.

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Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are

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equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

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Output:
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 20

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :
15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

Page 11 of 43

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array

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3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue

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8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43

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EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().

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3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,

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Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)

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4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element

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from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.

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returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

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Output:
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
Page 13 of 43
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71

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Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2

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Enter the element to insert: 56
The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69

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56
71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 2
Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

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1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
Page 14 of 43
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:

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67
69
71
Do You Want to continue: N

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array

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Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is array

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2. Define ADT.
3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list

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7. How will you find the list is full
8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

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Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined

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functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.

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5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack
Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.

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Finally, set top = newNode.
6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function

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3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.
4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).

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2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp
reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Output
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 3
Page 16 of 43

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Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

Insertion Success

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:2
Deleted Element: 5

****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:3
3-> NULL

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:4
...Program finished with exit code 0
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully

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and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in memory management

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2.
Page 17 of 43

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.

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3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.
5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue
Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.

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Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)
If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.
If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.
6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).

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If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
from the function
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.
Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying queue of elements

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Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.
Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'
reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).

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Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Sample Output

:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

Ex. No. : 3b

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Date:


LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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Page 1 of 43


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

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To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION

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MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE

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To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice

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this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that

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will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the

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same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools

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f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms

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i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures

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To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs

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5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms

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10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem

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Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1.a)

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Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

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2.
Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

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3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)

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Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

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4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

5.
a. Graph Representation

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b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

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7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.
Implementation of Heaps

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9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.

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Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

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Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.

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Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).

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4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one

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(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

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Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------

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1.PUSH
2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1

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Enter a value to be pushed:12

Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

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Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

98
24

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12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

The popped elements is 98

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Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

24

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12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

EXIT POINT

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

Applications:
1. Expression evaluation

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2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().

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3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.

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If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)

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If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).

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5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.

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Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

Output:

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 10

1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3

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Queue is :
15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

Page 11 of 43
Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

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Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array
3. Define ADT.

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4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack

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9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT

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DATE

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.

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List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N

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Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.

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Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.

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delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L

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undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

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Output:
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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Page 13 of 43
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3

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Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56

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The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
56

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71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2

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Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

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Page 14 of 43
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:
67

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69
71
Do You Want to continue: N

Result:

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Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:

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1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is array
2. Define ADT.

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3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full

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8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

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Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.

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2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.
5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack

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Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.
Finally, set top = newNode.

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6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.

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4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.

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3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp
reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Output
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 3
Page 16 of 43
Insertion Success

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

Insertion Success
****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:2

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Deleted Element: 5

****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:3
3-> NULL

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:4
...Program finished with exit code 0
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in memory management
2.

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Page 17 of 43

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.

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4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.
5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue
Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.
Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)

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If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.
If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.
6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate

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from the function
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.
Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying queue of elements
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).

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If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.
Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'
reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).
Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Sample Output

:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

Ex. No. : 3b
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Page 18 of 43
Insertion is Success!!!

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 7

Insertion is Success!!!

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Deleted element : 5
****** MENU ******
1. Insert

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2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
7 >>> NULL

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked
list
Applications:
1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue
2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an

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order, until a service representative is free.
3.

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and

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enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at

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different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION
MISSION

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Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS

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To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to

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identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to

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design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable

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them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer

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Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career

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c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society

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g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with

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coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

Page 5 of 43

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CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees

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To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees

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6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs

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11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given

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problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

COURSE OUTCOMES

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COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

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1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

2.

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Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

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3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

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4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

4. b)

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Application of Queue ADT

5.
a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

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6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

7.

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Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.
Implementation of Heaps

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9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

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11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

Page 7 of 43

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Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)

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Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.

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Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).

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5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display

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stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

Sample output :

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Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------
1.PUSH

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2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

Page 8 of 43

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

98
24
12

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Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

24
12

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Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

EXIT POINT

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

Applications:
1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43

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Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end

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of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =

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value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and

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terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the

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queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same

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until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

Output:
1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 30

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :

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15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 4

Page 11 of 43
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and

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the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

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Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array
3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack

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5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack

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10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:

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1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n

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First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N

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Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L

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If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L

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undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)

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7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

Output:

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Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
Page 13 of 43

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the number of nodes 3

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Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

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1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56
The list after insertion:

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The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
56
71

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Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2
Enter the position u want to delete: 2

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The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3

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Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
Page 14 of 43

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1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69

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71
Do You Want to continue: N

Result:
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the

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output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.

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Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is array
2. Define ADT.
3. What is List

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4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full
8. How will you find the list is empty

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9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

Page 15 of 43

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Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.

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3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.
5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack
Create a newNode with given value.

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Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.
Finally, set top = newNode.
6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack

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1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.
4. Then set 'top = top next'.

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5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.

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4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp
reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Output

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 3
Page 16 of 43
Insertion Success
****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1

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Enter the value to be insert: 5

Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:2
Deleted Element: 5

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:3
3-> NULL

****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:4

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...Program finished with exit code 0
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in memory management
2.
Page 17 of 43

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:

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1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable

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function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.
5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue
Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.
Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)
If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.

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If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.
6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
from the function

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If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.
Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying queue of elements
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.

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If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.
Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'
reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).
Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Sample Output

:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

****** MENU ******

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1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1

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Enter the value to be insert: 5

Ex. No. : 3b
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Page 18 of 43
Insertion is Success!!!

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 7

Insertion is Success!!!

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice: 2
Deleted element : 5
****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
7 >>> NULL

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked

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list
Applications:
1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue
2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an
order, until a service representative is free.

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3.

Page 19 of 43

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main
function program by through #include< Llist.h >

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2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1

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Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.

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Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end

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If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist

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6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list

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print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

Sample Output:
List Adt Using Linked List

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1.Create
2.Insert
Ex. No. : 3c
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


III SEMESTER - R 2017

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CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education

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and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels

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To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and

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fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

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3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

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4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

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5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and

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pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications

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d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms

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To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs

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2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees

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7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms

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12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS


Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

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Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem

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Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment

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Page
No.
1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

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1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

2.
Array implementation of List ADT

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3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

3. b)

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Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

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4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

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5.
a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

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6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

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8.
Implementation of Heaps

9.

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Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

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11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT

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Date:

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:

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1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and

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terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)

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Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the

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stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).

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Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

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STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------
1.PUSH
2.POP

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3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1

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Enter a value to be pushed:98

Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

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98
24
12
Press Next Choice

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Enter the Choice:2

The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

24
12
Press Next Choice

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Enter the Choice:4

EXIT POINT

Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

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Applications:
1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT

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Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.

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Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value

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4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.

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Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)

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6. Close the program

Output:
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :
15 20 30

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

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Page 11 of 43
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

Applications:

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1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.


Viva Voce:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array
3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue

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11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.

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2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1

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Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.

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Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end

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If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist

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6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list

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print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

Output:
Main Menu

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1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
Page 13 of 43
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67

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Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1. Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56
The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:

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67
69
56
71
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2
Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71

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Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69

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Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
Page 14 of 43
1.Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
71

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Do You Want to continue: N

Result:
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort

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Viva Voce:
1. What is array
2. Define ADT.
3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.

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5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full
8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify

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10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT

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Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.

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4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.
5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack
Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)

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If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.
Finally, set top = newNode.
6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).

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2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.
4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).

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7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp

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reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Output
****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1

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Enter the value to be insert: 3
Page 16 of 43
Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

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Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:2
Deleted Element: 5

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:3
3-> NULL

****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:4
...Program finished with exit code 0

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list

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Applications:
1. It is very much useful in memory management
2.
Page 17 of 43

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined

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functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.

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5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue
Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.
Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)
If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.
If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.

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6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
from the function
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.

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Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying queue of elements
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.

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Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'
reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).
Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Sample Output

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:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

****** MENU ******
1. Insert

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2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

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Ex. No. : 3b
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Page 18 of 43
Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******

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1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1

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Enter the value to be insert: 7

Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******

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1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2

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Deleted element : 5
****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
7 >>> NULL

Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked
list

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Applications:
1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue
2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an
order, until a service representative is free.
3.

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Page 19 of 43

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main
function program by through #include< Llist.h >
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),

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display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n

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ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows

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(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined

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5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required

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element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence

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8. Close the program

Sample Output:
List Adt Using Linked List
1.Create

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2.Insert
Ex. No. : 3c
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
Page 20 of 43
3.Delete
4.MakeEmpty
5.Find

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6.IsEmpty
7.Display
8.Deletelist
9.Exit
Enter ur Option: 1

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List is Created.
Enter ur Option: 2
Enter the value: 100
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 200

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Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 300
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 400
Enter the Option: 2

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Enter the value: 500
Enter the Option: 7
100
200
300

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400
500
Enter the Option: 3
Enter the value to delete: 200
Enter the Option: 7

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100
300
400
500
Enter the Option: 5

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Enter the value to Find: 400
Element present in the list
Enter the Option: 6
List contains some Elements
Enter the Option: 4

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Now list is empty
Enter the Option: 8
List is deleted
Enter the Option: 2
List is not created

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Enter the Option: 10
*******WRONG ENTRY******
Enter the Option: 9

Result:

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________

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Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

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To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

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VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

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2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS

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To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field

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b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT

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tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to

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convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

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To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs

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4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.

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9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a

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given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.

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1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

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2.
Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)

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Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

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3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

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4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

5.

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a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

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7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.

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Implementation of Heaps

9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

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10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

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Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().

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3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]

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to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)

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Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

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Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY

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--------------------------------
1.PUSH
2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

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Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

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Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

98

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24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

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The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

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24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

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EXIT POINT

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

Applications:

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1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.

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2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate

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the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.

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Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are

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equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

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Output:
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 20

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :
15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

Page 11 of 43

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array

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3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue

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8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43

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EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().

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3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,

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Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)

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4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element

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from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.

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returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

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Output:
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
Page 13 of 43
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71

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Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2

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Enter the element to insert: 56
The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69

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56
71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 2
Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

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1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
Page 14 of 43
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:

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67
69
71
Do You Want to continue: N

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array

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Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is array

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2. Define ADT.
3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list

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7. How will you find the list is full
8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

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Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined

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functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.

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5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack
Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.

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Finally, set top = newNode.
6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function

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3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.
4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).

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2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp
reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Output
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 3
Page 16 of 43

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Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

Insertion Success

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:2
Deleted Element: 5

****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:3
3-> NULL

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:4
...Program finished with exit code 0
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully

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and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in memory management

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2.
Page 17 of 43

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.

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3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.
5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue
Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.

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Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)
If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.
If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.
6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).

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If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
from the function
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.
Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying queue of elements

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Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.
Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'
reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).

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Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Sample Output

:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

Ex. No. : 3b

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Date:


LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Page 18 of 43

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Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 7

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Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Deleted element : 5
****** MENU ******

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1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3

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7 >>> NULL

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked
list
Applications:
1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue

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2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an
order, until a service representative is free.
3.

Page 19 of 43

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:

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1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main
function program by through #include< Llist.h >
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.

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List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N

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Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.

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Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.

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delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L

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undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

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Sample Output:
List Adt Using Linked List
1.Create
2.Insert
Ex. No. : 3c

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Date:


LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
Page 20 of 43

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3.Delete
4.MakeEmpty
5.Find
6.IsEmpty
7.Display

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8.Deletelist
9.Exit
Enter ur Option: 1
List is Created.
Enter ur Option: 2

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Enter the value: 100
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 200
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 300

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Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 400
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 500
Enter the Option: 7

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100
200
300
400
500

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Enter the Option: 3
Enter the value to delete: 200
Enter the Option: 7
100
300

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400
500
Enter the Option: 5
Enter the value to Find: 400
Element present in the list

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Enter the Option: 6
List contains some Elements
Enter the Option: 4
Now list is empty
Enter the Option: 8

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List is deleted
Enter the Option: 2
List is not created
Enter the Option: 10
*******WRONG ENTRY******

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Enter the Option: 9

Result:
Page 21 of 43
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using linked list is executed successfully

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and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.

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Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is list
2. Define ADT.
3. What is linked List

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4. What are the different operations involved in List
5. How the search operation works in list
6. How will you find the list is full
7. How will you find the list is empty
8. Define pointers in c.

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9. How the list used in computer memory
10. What are the different types of linked list


FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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Page 1 of 43


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

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To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION

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MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE

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To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice

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this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that

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will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the

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same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools

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f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms

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i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures

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To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs

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5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms

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10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem

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Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1.a)

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Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

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2.
Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

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3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)

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Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

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4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

5.
a. Graph Representation

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b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

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7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.
Implementation of Heaps

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9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.

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Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

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Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.

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Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).

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4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one

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(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

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Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------

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1.PUSH
2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1

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Enter a value to be pushed:12

Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

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Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

98
24

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12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

The popped elements is 98

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Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

24

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12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

EXIT POINT

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

Applications:
1. Expression evaluation

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2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().

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3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.

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If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)

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If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).

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5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.

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Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

Output:

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 10

1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3

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Queue is :
15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

Page 11 of 43
Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

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Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array
3. Define ADT.

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4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack

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9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT

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DATE

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.

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List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N

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Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.

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Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.

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delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L

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undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

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Output:
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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Page 13 of 43
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3

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Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56

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The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
56

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71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2

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Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

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Page 14 of 43
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:
67

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69
71
Do You Want to continue: N

Result:

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Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:

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1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is array
2. Define ADT.

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3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full

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8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

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Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.

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2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.
5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack

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Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.
Finally, set top = newNode.

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6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.

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4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.

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3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp
reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Output
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 3
Page 16 of 43
Insertion Success

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

Insertion Success
****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:2

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Deleted Element: 5

****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:3
3-> NULL

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:4
...Program finished with exit code 0
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in memory management
2.

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Page 17 of 43

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.

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4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.
5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue
Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.
Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)

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If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.
If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.
6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate

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from the function
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.
Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying queue of elements
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).

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If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.
Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'
reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).
Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Sample Output

:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

Ex. No. : 3b
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Page 18 of 43
Insertion is Success!!!

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 7

Insertion is Success!!!

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Deleted element : 5
****** MENU ******
1. Insert

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2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
7 >>> NULL

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked
list
Applications:
1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue
2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an

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order, until a service representative is free.
3.

Page 19 of 43

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main

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function program by through #include< Llist.h >
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n

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First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N

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Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L

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If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L

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undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)

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7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

Sample Output:

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List Adt Using Linked List
1.Create
2.Insert
Ex. No. : 3c
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
Page 20 of 43
3.Delete

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4.MakeEmpty
5.Find
6.IsEmpty
7.Display
8.Deletelist

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9.Exit
Enter ur Option: 1
List is Created.
Enter ur Option: 2
Enter the value: 100

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Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 200
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 300
Enter the Option: 2

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Enter the value: 400
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 500
Enter the Option: 7
100

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200
300
400
500
Enter the Option: 3

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Enter the value to delete: 200
Enter the Option: 7
100
300
400

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500
Enter the Option: 5
Enter the value to Find: 400
Element present in the list
Enter the Option: 6

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List contains some Elements
Enter the Option: 4
Now list is empty
Enter the Option: 8
List is deleted

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Enter the Option: 2
List is not created
Enter the Option: 10
*******WRONG ENTRY******
Enter the Option: 9

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Result:
Page 21 of 43
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Viva Voce:
1. What is list
2. Define ADT.
3. What is linked List
4. What are the different operations involved in List

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5. How the search operation works in list
6. How will you find the list is full
7. How will you find the list is empty
8. Define pointers in c.
9. How the list used in computer memory

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10. What are the different types of linked list Page 22 of 43
EX . No: 4a APPLICATION OF STACK
DATE

Aim:

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To write a C program to convert infix expression to postfix expression

Algorithm:
1. Push (onto Stack, and add ) to the end of X.
2. Scan X from left to right and repeat Step 3 to 6 for each element of X until the Stack is

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empty.
3. If an operand is encountered, add it to Y.
4. If a left parenthesis is encountered, push it onto Stack.
5. If an operator is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) which

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has the same precedence as or higher precedence than operator.
2. Add operator to Stack.
[End of If]
6. If a right parenthesis is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) until

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a left parenthesis is encountered.
2. Remove the left Parenthesis.
[End of If]
[End of If]
7. END.

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Sample Output:
Enter Infix expression : A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G)*H
Postfix Expression: ABC*DEF^/G*-H*+Fir

Enter Infix expression : (3^2*5)/(3*2-3)+5

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Postfix Expression: 32^5*32*3-/5+

Result:
Thus the C program to convert infix to postfix is executed successfully and the output is
verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement infix to postfix by using stack
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


III SEMESTER - R 2017

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CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education

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and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels

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To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

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3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

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4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

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5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and

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pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications

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d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms

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To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs

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2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees

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7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms

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12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS


Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

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Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem

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Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment

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Page
No.
1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

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1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

2.
Array implementation of List ADT

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3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

3. b)

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Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

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4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

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5.
a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

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6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

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8.
Implementation of Heaps

9.

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Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

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11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT

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Date:

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:

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1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and

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terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)

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Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the

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stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).

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Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

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STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------
1.PUSH
2.POP

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3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1

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Enter a value to be pushed:98

Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

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98
24
12
Press Next Choice

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Enter the Choice:2

The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

24
12
Press Next Choice

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Enter the Choice:4

EXIT POINT

Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

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Applications:
1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT

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Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.

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Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value

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4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.

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Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)

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6. Close the program

Output:
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :
15 20 30

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

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Page 11 of 43
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

Applications:

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1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.


Viva Voce:

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1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array
3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue

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6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue

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11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.

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2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1

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Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.

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Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end

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If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist

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6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list

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print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

Output:
Main Menu

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1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
Page 13 of 43
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67

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Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1. Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56
The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:

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67
69
56
71
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2
Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71

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Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69

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Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
Page 14 of 43
1.Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
71

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Do You Want to continue: N

Result:
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort

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Viva Voce:
1. What is array
2. Define ADT.
3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.

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5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full
8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify

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10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT

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Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.

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4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.
5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack
Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)

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If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.
Finally, set top = newNode.
6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).

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2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.
4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).

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7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp

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reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Output
****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1

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Enter the value to be insert: 3
Page 16 of 43
Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

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Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:2
Deleted Element: 5

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:3
3-> NULL

****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:4
...Program finished with exit code 0

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list

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Applications:
1. It is very much useful in memory management
2.
Page 17 of 43

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined

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functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.

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5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue
Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.
Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)
If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.
If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.

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6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
from the function
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.

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Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying queue of elements
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.

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Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'
reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).
Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Sample Output

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:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

****** MENU ******
1. Insert

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2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

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Ex. No. : 3b
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Page 18 of 43
Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******

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1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1

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Enter the value to be insert: 7

Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******

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1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2

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Deleted element : 5
****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
7 >>> NULL

Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked
list

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Applications:
1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue
2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an
order, until a service representative is free.
3.

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Page 19 of 43

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main
function program by through #include< Llist.h >
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),

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display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n

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ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows

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(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined

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5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required

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element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence

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8. Close the program

Sample Output:
List Adt Using Linked List
1.Create

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2.Insert
Ex. No. : 3c
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
Page 20 of 43
3.Delete
4.MakeEmpty
5.Find

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6.IsEmpty
7.Display
8.Deletelist
9.Exit
Enter ur Option: 1

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List is Created.
Enter ur Option: 2
Enter the value: 100
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 200

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Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 300
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 400
Enter the Option: 2

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Enter the value: 500
Enter the Option: 7
100
200
300

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400
500
Enter the Option: 3
Enter the value to delete: 200
Enter the Option: 7

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100
300
400
500
Enter the Option: 5

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Enter the value to Find: 400
Element present in the list
Enter the Option: 6
List contains some Elements
Enter the Option: 4

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Now list is empty
Enter the Option: 8
List is deleted
Enter the Option: 2
List is not created

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Enter the Option: 10
*******WRONG ENTRY******
Enter the Option: 9

Result:

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Page 21 of 43
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using linked list

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Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is list

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2. Define ADT.
3. What is linked List
4. What are the different operations involved in List
5. How the search operation works in list
6. How will you find the list is full

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7. How will you find the list is empty
8. Define pointers in c.
9. How the list used in computer memory
10. What are the different types of linked list Page 22 of 43
EX . No: 4a APPLICATION OF STACK

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DATE

Aim:
To write a C program to convert infix expression to postfix expression

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Algorithm:
1. Push (onto Stack, and add ) to the end of X.
2. Scan X from left to right and repeat Step 3 to 6 for each element of X until the Stack is
empty.
3. If an operand is encountered, add it to Y.

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4. If a left parenthesis is encountered, push it onto Stack.
5. If an operator is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) which
has the same precedence as or higher precedence than operator.
2. Add operator to Stack.

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[End of If]
6. If a right parenthesis is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) until
a left parenthesis is encountered.
2. Remove the left Parenthesis.

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[End of If]
[End of If]
7. END.
Sample Output:
Enter Infix expression : A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G)*H

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Postfix Expression: ABC*DEF^/G*-H*+Fir

Enter Infix expression : (3^2*5)/(3*2-3)+5
Postfix Expression: 32^5*32*3-/5+

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Result:
Thus the C program to convert infix to postfix is executed successfully and the output is
verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement infix to postfix by using stack

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Page 23 of 43

Ex: 4b APPLICATION OF LIST POLYNOMIAL ADDITION
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to add two polynomials

Algorithm:

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Algorithm to add two polynomials using linked list is as follows:-
Let p and q be the two polynomials represented by linked lists
1. While p and q are not null, repeat step 2.
2. If powers of the two terms are equal
then if the terms do not cancel

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then insert the sum of the terms into the sum Polynomial
Advance p
Advance q
Else if the power of the first polynomial> power of second
Then insert the term from first polynomial into sum polynomial

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Advance p
Else insert the term from second polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance q
3. copy the remaining terms from the non empty polynomial into the sum polynomial.
The third step of the algorithm is to be processed till the end of the polynomials has not been

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reached.

Sample Output:
Create 1st expression
Enter Coeff:1

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Enter Pow:2
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 1st expression
The polynomial expression is:
1x^2

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

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To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

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VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

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2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS

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To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field

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b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT

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tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to

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convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

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To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs

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4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.

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9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a

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given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.

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1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

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2.
Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)

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Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

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3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

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4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

5.

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a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

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7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.

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Implementation of Heaps

9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

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10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

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Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().

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3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]

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to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)

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Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

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Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY

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--------------------------------
1.PUSH
2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

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Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

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Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

98

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24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

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The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

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24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

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EXIT POINT

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

Applications:

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1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.

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2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate

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the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.

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Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are

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equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

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Output:
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 20

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :
15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

Page 11 of 43

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array

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3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue

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8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43

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EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().

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3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,

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Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)

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4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element

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from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.

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returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

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Output:
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
Page 13 of 43
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71

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Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2

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Enter the element to insert: 56
The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69

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56
71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 2
Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

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1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
Page 14 of 43
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:

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67
69
71
Do You Want to continue: N

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array

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Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is array

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2. Define ADT.
3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list

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7. How will you find the list is full
8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

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Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined

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functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.

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5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack
Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.

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Finally, set top = newNode.
6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function

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3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.
4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).

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2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp
reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Output
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 3
Page 16 of 43

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Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

Insertion Success

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:2
Deleted Element: 5

****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:3
3-> NULL

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:4
...Program finished with exit code 0
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully

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and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in memory management

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2.
Page 17 of 43

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.

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3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.
5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue
Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.

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Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)
If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.
If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.
6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).

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If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
from the function
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.
Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying queue of elements

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Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.
Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'
reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).

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Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Sample Output

:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

Ex. No. : 3b

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Date:


LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Page 18 of 43

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Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 7

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Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Deleted element : 5
****** MENU ******

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1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3

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7 >>> NULL

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked
list
Applications:
1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue

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2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an
order, until a service representative is free.
3.

Page 19 of 43

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:

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1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main
function program by through #include< Llist.h >
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.

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List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N

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Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.

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Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.

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delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L

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undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

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Sample Output:
List Adt Using Linked List
1.Create
2.Insert
Ex. No. : 3c

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Date:


LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
Page 20 of 43

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3.Delete
4.MakeEmpty
5.Find
6.IsEmpty
7.Display

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8.Deletelist
9.Exit
Enter ur Option: 1
List is Created.
Enter ur Option: 2

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Enter the value: 100
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 200
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 300

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Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 400
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 500
Enter the Option: 7

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100
200
300
400
500

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Enter the Option: 3
Enter the value to delete: 200
Enter the Option: 7
100
300

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400
500
Enter the Option: 5
Enter the value to Find: 400
Element present in the list

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Enter the Option: 6
List contains some Elements
Enter the Option: 4
Now list is empty
Enter the Option: 8

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List is deleted
Enter the Option: 2
List is not created
Enter the Option: 10
*******WRONG ENTRY******

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Enter the Option: 9

Result:
Page 21 of 43
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using linked list is executed successfully

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and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.

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Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is list
2. Define ADT.
3. What is linked List

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4. What are the different operations involved in List
5. How the search operation works in list
6. How will you find the list is full
7. How will you find the list is empty
8. Define pointers in c.

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9. How the list used in computer memory
10. What are the different types of linked list Page 22 of 43
EX . No: 4a APPLICATION OF STACK
DATE

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Aim:
To write a C program to convert infix expression to postfix expression

Algorithm:
1. Push (onto Stack, and add ) to the end of X.

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2. Scan X from left to right and repeat Step 3 to 6 for each element of X until the Stack is
empty.
3. If an operand is encountered, add it to Y.
4. If a left parenthesis is encountered, push it onto Stack.
5. If an operator is encountered ,then:

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1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) which
has the same precedence as or higher precedence than operator.
2. Add operator to Stack.
[End of If]
6. If a right parenthesis is encountered ,then:

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1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) until
a left parenthesis is encountered.
2. Remove the left Parenthesis.
[End of If]
[End of If]

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7. END.
Sample Output:
Enter Infix expression : A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G)*H
Postfix Expression: ABC*DEF^/G*-H*+Fir

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Enter Infix expression : (3^2*5)/(3*2-3)+5
Postfix Expression: 32^5*32*3-/5+

Result:
Thus the C program to convert infix to postfix is executed successfully and the output is

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verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement infix to postfix by using stack
Page 23 of 43

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Ex: 4b APPLICATION OF LIST POLYNOMIAL ADDITION
Date:


Aim:

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To write a C program to add two polynomials

Algorithm:
Algorithm to add two polynomials using linked list is as follows:-
Let p and q be the two polynomials represented by linked lists

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1. While p and q are not null, repeat step 2.
2. If powers of the two terms are equal
then if the terms do not cancel
then insert the sum of the terms into the sum Polynomial
Advance p

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Advance q
Else if the power of the first polynomial> power of second
Then insert the term from first polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance p
Else insert the term from second polynomial into sum polynomial

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Advance q
3. copy the remaining terms from the non empty polynomial into the sum polynomial.
The third step of the algorithm is to be processed till the end of the polynomials has not been
reached.

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Sample Output:
Create 1st expression
Enter Coeff:1
Enter Pow:2
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0

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Stored the 1st expression
The polynomial expression is:
1x^2
Page 24 of 43
Create 2nd expression

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Enter Coeff:2
Enter Pow:3
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 2nd expression
The polynomial expression is:

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2x^3
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3 + 1x^2
Add two more expressions (Y = 1/N = 0): 0
...Program finished with exit code 0

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement polynomial addition by using linked list is executed
successfully and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement polynomial addition by using linked list
Viva Voce:
1. What is Stack
2. List the operations of stack.
3. What is linked List

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4. What is the format of infix expression
5. What is the format of postfix expression
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


III SEMESTER - R 2017

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CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education

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and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels

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To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and

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fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

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3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

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4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

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5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and

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pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications

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d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as

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economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms

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To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs

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2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees

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7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms

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12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS


Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

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Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem

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Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment

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Page
No.
1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

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1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

2.
Array implementation of List ADT

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3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

3. b)

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Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

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4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

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5.
a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

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6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

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8.
Implementation of Heaps

9.

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Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

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11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT

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Date:

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:

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1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and

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terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)

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Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the

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stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).

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Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

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STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------
1.PUSH
2.POP

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3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1

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Enter a value to be pushed:98

Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

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98
24
12
Press Next Choice

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Enter the Choice:2

The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

24
12
Press Next Choice

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Enter the Choice:4

EXIT POINT

Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

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Applications:
1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT

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Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.

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Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value

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4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.

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Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)

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6. Close the program

Output:
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :
15 20 30

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

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Page 11 of 43
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

Applications:

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1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.


Viva Voce:

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1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array
3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue

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6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue

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11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.

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2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1

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Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.

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Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end

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If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist

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6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list

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print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

Output:
Main Menu

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1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
Page 13 of 43
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67

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Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1. Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56
The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:

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67
69
56
71
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2
Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71

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Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69

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Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
Page 14 of 43
1.Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
71

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Do You Want to continue: N

Result:
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort

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Viva Voce:
1. What is array
2. Define ADT.
3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.

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5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full
8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify

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10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT

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Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.

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4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.
5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack
Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)

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If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.
Finally, set top = newNode.
6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).

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2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.
4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).

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7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp

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reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Output
****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1

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Enter the value to be insert: 3
Page 16 of 43
Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

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Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:2
Deleted Element: 5

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:3
3-> NULL

****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:4
...Program finished with exit code 0

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list

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Applications:
1. It is very much useful in memory management
2.
Page 17 of 43

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined

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functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.

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5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue
Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.
Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)
If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.
If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.

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6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
from the function
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.

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Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying queue of elements
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.

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Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'
reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).
Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Sample Output

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:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

****** MENU ******
1. Insert

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2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

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Ex. No. : 3b
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Page 18 of 43
Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******

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1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1

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Enter the value to be insert: 7

Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******

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1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2

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Deleted element : 5
****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
7 >>> NULL

Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked
list

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Applications:
1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue
2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an
order, until a service representative is free.
3.

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Page 19 of 43

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main
function program by through #include< Llist.h >
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),

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display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n

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ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows

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(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined

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5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required

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element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence

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8. Close the program

Sample Output:
List Adt Using Linked List
1.Create

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2.Insert
Ex. No. : 3c
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
Page 20 of 43
3.Delete
4.MakeEmpty
5.Find

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6.IsEmpty
7.Display
8.Deletelist
9.Exit
Enter ur Option: 1

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List is Created.
Enter ur Option: 2
Enter the value: 100
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 200

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Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 300
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 400
Enter the Option: 2

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Enter the value: 500
Enter the Option: 7
100
200
300

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400
500
Enter the Option: 3
Enter the value to delete: 200
Enter the Option: 7

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100
300
400
500
Enter the Option: 5

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Enter the value to Find: 400
Element present in the list
Enter the Option: 6
List contains some Elements
Enter the Option: 4

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Now list is empty
Enter the Option: 8
List is deleted
Enter the Option: 2
List is not created

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Enter the Option: 10
*******WRONG ENTRY******
Enter the Option: 9

Result:

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Page 21 of 43
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using linked list

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Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is list

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2. Define ADT.
3. What is linked List
4. What are the different operations involved in List
5. How the search operation works in list
6. How will you find the list is full

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7. How will you find the list is empty
8. Define pointers in c.
9. How the list used in computer memory
10. What are the different types of linked list Page 22 of 43
EX . No: 4a APPLICATION OF STACK

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DATE

Aim:
To write a C program to convert infix expression to postfix expression

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Algorithm:
1. Push (onto Stack, and add ) to the end of X.
2. Scan X from left to right and repeat Step 3 to 6 for each element of X until the Stack is
empty.
3. If an operand is encountered, add it to Y.

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4. If a left parenthesis is encountered, push it onto Stack.
5. If an operator is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) which
has the same precedence as or higher precedence than operator.
2. Add operator to Stack.

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[End of If]
6. If a right parenthesis is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) until
a left parenthesis is encountered.
2. Remove the left Parenthesis.

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[End of If]
[End of If]
7. END.
Sample Output:
Enter Infix expression : A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G)*H

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Postfix Expression: ABC*DEF^/G*-H*+Fir

Enter Infix expression : (3^2*5)/(3*2-3)+5
Postfix Expression: 32^5*32*3-/5+

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Result:
Thus the C program to convert infix to postfix is executed successfully and the output is
verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement infix to postfix by using stack

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Page 23 of 43

Ex: 4b APPLICATION OF LIST POLYNOMIAL ADDITION
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to add two polynomials

Algorithm:

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Algorithm to add two polynomials using linked list is as follows:-
Let p and q be the two polynomials represented by linked lists
1. While p and q are not null, repeat step 2.
2. If powers of the two terms are equal
then if the terms do not cancel

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then insert the sum of the terms into the sum Polynomial
Advance p
Advance q
Else if the power of the first polynomial> power of second
Then insert the term from first polynomial into sum polynomial

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Advance p
Else insert the term from second polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance q
3. copy the remaining terms from the non empty polynomial into the sum polynomial.
The third step of the algorithm is to be processed till the end of the polynomials has not been

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reached.

Sample Output:
Create 1st expression
Enter Coeff:1

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Enter Pow:2
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 1st expression
The polynomial expression is:
1x^2

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Page 24 of 43
Create 2nd expression
Enter Coeff:2
Enter Pow:3
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0

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Stored the 2nd expression
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3 + 1x^2

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Add two more expressions (Y = 1/N = 0): 0
...Program finished with exit code 0

Result:
Thus the C program to implement polynomial addition by using linked list is executed

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successfully and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement polynomial addition by using linked list
Viva Voce:
1. What is Stack

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2. List the operations of stack.
3. What is linked List
4. What is the format of infix expression
5. What is the format of postfix expression Page 25 of 43
Ex: 5a GRAPH REPRESENTATIONS

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Date:

Aim:
To write a C program implement adjacent matrix and adjacency list

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Algorithm:
1. Create a graph with getting no. of vertices and no. of edges
2. Implement adjacency matrix
3. Implement adjacency list
4. Close the program

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Sample Output:
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency Matrix method

1. Directed Graph

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2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit

Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :

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Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertex In_Degree Out_Degree Total_Degree

1 2 0 2

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2 1 2 3

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3 0 1 1

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4 1 1 2


FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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Page 1 of 43


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

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To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION

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MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE

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To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice

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this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that

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will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the

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same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools

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f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms

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i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures

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To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs

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5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms

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10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem

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Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1.a)

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Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

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2.
Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

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3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)

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Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

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4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

5.
a. Graph Representation

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b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

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7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.
Implementation of Heaps

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9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.

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Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

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Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.

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Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).

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4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one

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(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

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Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------

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1.PUSH
2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1

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Enter a value to be pushed:12

Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

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Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

98
24

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12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

The popped elements is 98

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Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

24

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12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

EXIT POINT

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

Applications:
1. Expression evaluation

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2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().

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3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.

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If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)

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If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).

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5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.

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Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

Output:

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 10

1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3

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Queue is :
15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

Page 11 of 43
Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

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Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array
3. Define ADT.

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4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack

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9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT

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DATE

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.

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List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N

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Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.

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Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.

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delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L

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undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

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Output:
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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Page 13 of 43
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3

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Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56

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The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
56

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71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2

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Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

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Page 14 of 43
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:
67

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69
71
Do You Want to continue: N

Result:

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Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:

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1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is array
2. Define ADT.

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3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full

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8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

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Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.

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2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.
5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack

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Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.
Finally, set top = newNode.

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6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.

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4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.

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3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp
reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Output
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 3
Page 16 of 43
Insertion Success

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

Insertion Success
****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:2

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Deleted Element: 5

****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:3
3-> NULL

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:4
...Program finished with exit code 0
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in memory management
2.

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Page 17 of 43

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.

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4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.
5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue
Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.
Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)

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If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.
If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.
6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate

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from the function
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.
Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying queue of elements
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).

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If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.
Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'
reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).
Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Sample Output

:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

Ex. No. : 3b
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Page 18 of 43
Insertion is Success!!!

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 7

Insertion is Success!!!

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Deleted element : 5
****** MENU ******
1. Insert

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2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
7 >>> NULL

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked
list
Applications:
1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue
2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an

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order, until a service representative is free.
3.

Page 19 of 43

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main

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function program by through #include< Llist.h >
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n

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First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N

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Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L

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If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L

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undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)

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7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

Sample Output:

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List Adt Using Linked List
1.Create
2.Insert
Ex. No. : 3c
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
Page 20 of 43
3.Delete

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4.MakeEmpty
5.Find
6.IsEmpty
7.Display
8.Deletelist

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9.Exit
Enter ur Option: 1
List is Created.
Enter ur Option: 2
Enter the value: 100

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Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 200
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 300
Enter the Option: 2

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Enter the value: 400
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 500
Enter the Option: 7
100

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200
300
400
500
Enter the Option: 3

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Enter the value to delete: 200
Enter the Option: 7
100
300
400

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500
Enter the Option: 5
Enter the value to Find: 400
Element present in the list
Enter the Option: 6

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List contains some Elements
Enter the Option: 4
Now list is empty
Enter the Option: 8
List is deleted

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Enter the Option: 2
List is not created
Enter the Option: 10
*******WRONG ENTRY******
Enter the Option: 9

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Result:
Page 21 of 43
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort

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Viva Voce:
1. What is list
2. Define ADT.
3. What is linked List
4. What are the different operations involved in List

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5. How the search operation works in list
6. How will you find the list is full
7. How will you find the list is empty
8. Define pointers in c.
9. How the list used in computer memory

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10. What are the different types of linked list Page 22 of 43
EX . No: 4a APPLICATION OF STACK
DATE

Aim:

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To write a C program to convert infix expression to postfix expression

Algorithm:
1. Push (onto Stack, and add ) to the end of X.
2. Scan X from left to right and repeat Step 3 to 6 for each element of X until the Stack is

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empty.
3. If an operand is encountered, add it to Y.
4. If a left parenthesis is encountered, push it onto Stack.
5. If an operator is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) which

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has the same precedence as or higher precedence than operator.
2. Add operator to Stack.
[End of If]
6. If a right parenthesis is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) until

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a left parenthesis is encountered.
2. Remove the left Parenthesis.
[End of If]
[End of If]
7. END.

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Sample Output:
Enter Infix expression : A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G)*H
Postfix Expression: ABC*DEF^/G*-H*+Fir

Enter Infix expression : (3^2*5)/(3*2-3)+5

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Postfix Expression: 32^5*32*3-/5+

Result:
Thus the C program to convert infix to postfix is executed successfully and the output is
verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement infix to postfix by using stack
Page 23 of 43

Ex: 4b APPLICATION OF LIST POLYNOMIAL ADDITION

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Date:


Aim:
To write a C program to add two polynomials

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Algorithm:
Algorithm to add two polynomials using linked list is as follows:-
Let p and q be the two polynomials represented by linked lists
1. While p and q are not null, repeat step 2.

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2. If powers of the two terms are equal
then if the terms do not cancel
then insert the sum of the terms into the sum Polynomial
Advance p
Advance q

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Else if the power of the first polynomial> power of second
Then insert the term from first polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance p
Else insert the term from second polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance q

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3. copy the remaining terms from the non empty polynomial into the sum polynomial.
The third step of the algorithm is to be processed till the end of the polynomials has not been
reached.

Sample Output:

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Create 1st expression
Enter Coeff:1
Enter Pow:2
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 1st expression

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The polynomial expression is:
1x^2
Page 24 of 43
Create 2nd expression
Enter Coeff:2

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Enter Pow:3
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 2nd expression
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3

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The polynomial expression is:
2x^3 + 1x^2
Add two more expressions (Y = 1/N = 0): 0
...Program finished with exit code 0

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement polynomial addition by using linked list is executed
successfully and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement polynomial addition by using linked list

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Viva Voce:
1. What is Stack
2. List the operations of stack.
3. What is linked List
4. What is the format of infix expression

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5. What is the format of postfix expression Page 25 of 43
Ex: 5a GRAPH REPRESENTATIONS
Date:

Aim:

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To write a C program implement adjacent matrix and adjacency list

Algorithm:
1. Create a graph with getting no. of vertices and no. of edges
2. Implement adjacency matrix

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3. Implement adjacency list
4. Close the program

Sample Output:
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency Matrix method

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1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit

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Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertex In_Degree Out_Degree Total_Degree

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1 2 0 2

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2 1 2 3



3 0 1 1

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4 1 1 2

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Page 26 of 43
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency List method

1. Directed Graph

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2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit
Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


III SEMESTER - R 2017

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CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education

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and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels

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To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

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3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

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4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

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5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and

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pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications

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d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms

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To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs

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2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees

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7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms

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12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS


Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

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Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem

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Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment

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Page
No.
1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

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1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

2.
Array implementation of List ADT

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3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

3. b)

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Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

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4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

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5.
a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

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6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

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8.
Implementation of Heaps

9.

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Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

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11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT

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Date:

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:

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1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and

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terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)

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Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the

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stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).

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Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

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STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------
1.PUSH
2.POP

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3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1

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Enter a value to be pushed:98

Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

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98
24
12
Press Next Choice

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Enter the Choice:2

The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

24
12
Press Next Choice

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Enter the Choice:4

EXIT POINT

Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

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Applications:
1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT

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Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.

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Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value

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4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.

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Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)

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6. Close the program

Output:
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :
15 20 30

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

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Page 11 of 43
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

Applications:

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1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.


Viva Voce:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array
3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue

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11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.

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2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1

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Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.

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Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end

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If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist

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6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list

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print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

Output:
Main Menu

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1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
Page 13 of 43
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67

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Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1. Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56
The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:

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67
69
56
71
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2
Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71

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Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69

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Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
Page 14 of 43
1.Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
71

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Do You Want to continue: N

Result:
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort

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Viva Voce:
1. What is array
2. Define ADT.
3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.

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5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full
8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify

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10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT

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Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.

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4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.
5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack
Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)

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If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.
Finally, set top = newNode.
6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).

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2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.
4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).

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7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp

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reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Output
****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1

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Enter the value to be insert: 3
Page 16 of 43
Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

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Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:2
Deleted Element: 5

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:3
3-> NULL

****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:4
...Program finished with exit code 0

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list

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Applications:
1. It is very much useful in memory management
2.
Page 17 of 43

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined

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functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.

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5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue
Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.
Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)
If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.
If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.

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6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
from the function
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.

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Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying queue of elements
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.

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Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'
reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).
Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Sample Output

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:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

****** MENU ******
1. Insert

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2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

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Ex. No. : 3b
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Page 18 of 43
Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******

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1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1

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Enter the value to be insert: 7

Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******

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1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2

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Deleted element : 5
****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
7 >>> NULL

Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked
list

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Applications:
1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue
2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an
order, until a service representative is free.
3.

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Page 19 of 43

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main
function program by through #include< Llist.h >
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),

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display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n

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ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows

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(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined

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5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required

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element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence

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8. Close the program

Sample Output:
List Adt Using Linked List
1.Create

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2.Insert
Ex. No. : 3c
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
Page 20 of 43
3.Delete
4.MakeEmpty
5.Find

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6.IsEmpty
7.Display
8.Deletelist
9.Exit
Enter ur Option: 1

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List is Created.
Enter ur Option: 2
Enter the value: 100
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 200

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Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 300
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 400
Enter the Option: 2

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Enter the value: 500
Enter the Option: 7
100
200
300

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400
500
Enter the Option: 3
Enter the value to delete: 200
Enter the Option: 7

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100
300
400
500
Enter the Option: 5

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Enter the value to Find: 400
Element present in the list
Enter the Option: 6
List contains some Elements
Enter the Option: 4

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Now list is empty
Enter the Option: 8
List is deleted
Enter the Option: 2
List is not created

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Enter the Option: 10
*******WRONG ENTRY******
Enter the Option: 9

Result:

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Page 21 of 43
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using linked list

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Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is list

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2. Define ADT.
3. What is linked List
4. What are the different operations involved in List
5. How the search operation works in list
6. How will you find the list is full

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7. How will you find the list is empty
8. Define pointers in c.
9. How the list used in computer memory
10. What are the different types of linked list Page 22 of 43
EX . No: 4a APPLICATION OF STACK

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DATE

Aim:
To write a C program to convert infix expression to postfix expression

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Algorithm:
1. Push (onto Stack, and add ) to the end of X.
2. Scan X from left to right and repeat Step 3 to 6 for each element of X until the Stack is
empty.
3. If an operand is encountered, add it to Y.

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4. If a left parenthesis is encountered, push it onto Stack.
5. If an operator is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) which
has the same precedence as or higher precedence than operator.
2. Add operator to Stack.

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[End of If]
6. If a right parenthesis is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) until
a left parenthesis is encountered.
2. Remove the left Parenthesis.

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[End of If]
[End of If]
7. END.
Sample Output:
Enter Infix expression : A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G)*H

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Postfix Expression: ABC*DEF^/G*-H*+Fir

Enter Infix expression : (3^2*5)/(3*2-3)+5
Postfix Expression: 32^5*32*3-/5+

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Result:
Thus the C program to convert infix to postfix is executed successfully and the output is
verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement infix to postfix by using stack

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Page 23 of 43

Ex: 4b APPLICATION OF LIST POLYNOMIAL ADDITION
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to add two polynomials

Algorithm:

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Algorithm to add two polynomials using linked list is as follows:-
Let p and q be the two polynomials represented by linked lists
1. While p and q are not null, repeat step 2.
2. If powers of the two terms are equal
then if the terms do not cancel

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then insert the sum of the terms into the sum Polynomial
Advance p
Advance q
Else if the power of the first polynomial> power of second
Then insert the term from first polynomial into sum polynomial

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Advance p
Else insert the term from second polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance q
3. copy the remaining terms from the non empty polynomial into the sum polynomial.
The third step of the algorithm is to be processed till the end of the polynomials has not been

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reached.

Sample Output:
Create 1st expression
Enter Coeff:1

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Enter Pow:2
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 1st expression
The polynomial expression is:
1x^2

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Page 24 of 43
Create 2nd expression
Enter Coeff:2
Enter Pow:3
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0

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Stored the 2nd expression
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3 + 1x^2

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Add two more expressions (Y = 1/N = 0): 0
...Program finished with exit code 0

Result:
Thus the C program to implement polynomial addition by using linked list is executed

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successfully and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement polynomial addition by using linked list
Viva Voce:
1. What is Stack

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2. List the operations of stack.
3. What is linked List
4. What is the format of infix expression
5. What is the format of postfix expression Page 25 of 43
Ex: 5a GRAPH REPRESENTATIONS

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Date:

Aim:
To write a C program implement adjacent matrix and adjacency list

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Algorithm:
1. Create a graph with getting no. of vertices and no. of edges
2. Implement adjacency matrix
3. Implement adjacency list
4. Close the program

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Sample Output:
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency Matrix method

1. Directed Graph

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2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit

Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :

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Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertex In_Degree Out_Degree Total_Degree

1 2 0 2

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2 1 2 3

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3 0 1 1

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4 1 1 2


Page 26 of 43

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A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency List method

1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit

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Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Page 27 of 43
Ex: 5b GRAPH TRAVERSAL
Date:

Aim:

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To write a C program implement DFS and BFS graph traversal.

Algorithm:
DFS
1. Define a Stack of size total number of vertices in the graph.

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2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and push it on
to the Stack.
3. Visit any one of the adjacent vertex of the verex which is at top of the stack
which is not visited and push it on to the stack.
4. Repeat step 3 until there are no new vertex to be visit from the vertex on top of

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the stack.
5. When there is no new vertex to be visit then use back tracking and pop one
vertex from the stack.
6. Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 until stack becomes Empty.
7. When stack becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing

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unused edges from the graph

BFS
1. Define a Queue of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and insert it into

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the Queue.
3. Visit all the adjacent vertices of the verex which is at front of the Queue which is
not visited and insert them into the Queue.
4. When there is no new vertex to be visit from the vertex at front of the Queue then
delete that vertex from the Queue.

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5. Repeat step 3 and 4 until queue becomes empty.
6. When queue becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph
Sample Output:
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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Page 1 of 43


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

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To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION

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MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE

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To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice

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this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that

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will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the

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same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools

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f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms

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i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures

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To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs

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5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms

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10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem

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Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1.a)

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Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

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2.
Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

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3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)

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Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

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4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

5.
a. Graph Representation

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b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

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7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.
Implementation of Heaps

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9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.

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Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

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Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.

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Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).

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4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one

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(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

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Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------

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1.PUSH
2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1

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Enter a value to be pushed:12

Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

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Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

98
24

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12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

The popped elements is 98

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Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

24

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12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

EXIT POINT

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

Applications:
1. Expression evaluation

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2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().

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3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.

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If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)

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If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).

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5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.

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Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

Output:

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 10

1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3

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Queue is :
15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

Page 11 of 43
Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

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Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array
3. Define ADT.

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4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack

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9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT

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DATE

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.

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List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N

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Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.

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Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.

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delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L

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undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

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Output:
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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Page 13 of 43
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3

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Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56

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The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
56

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71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2

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Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

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Page 14 of 43
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:
67

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69
71
Do You Want to continue: N

Result:

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Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:

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1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is array
2. Define ADT.

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3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full

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8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

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Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.

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2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.
5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack

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Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.
Finally, set top = newNode.

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6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.

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4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.

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3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp
reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Output
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 3
Page 16 of 43
Insertion Success

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

Insertion Success
****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:2

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Deleted Element: 5

****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:3
3-> NULL

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:4
...Program finished with exit code 0
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in memory management
2.

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Page 17 of 43

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.

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4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.
5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue
Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.
Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)

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If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.
If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.
6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate

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from the function
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.
Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying queue of elements
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).

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If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.
Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'
reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).
Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Sample Output

:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

Ex. No. : 3b
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Page 18 of 43
Insertion is Success!!!

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 7

Insertion is Success!!!

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Deleted element : 5
****** MENU ******
1. Insert

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2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
7 >>> NULL

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked
list
Applications:
1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue
2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an

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order, until a service representative is free.
3.

Page 19 of 43

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main

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function program by through #include< Llist.h >
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n

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First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N

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Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L

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If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L

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undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)

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7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

Sample Output:

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List Adt Using Linked List
1.Create
2.Insert
Ex. No. : 3c
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
Page 20 of 43
3.Delete

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4.MakeEmpty
5.Find
6.IsEmpty
7.Display
8.Deletelist

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9.Exit
Enter ur Option: 1
List is Created.
Enter ur Option: 2
Enter the value: 100

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Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 200
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 300
Enter the Option: 2

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Enter the value: 400
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 500
Enter the Option: 7
100

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200
300
400
500
Enter the Option: 3

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Enter the value to delete: 200
Enter the Option: 7
100
300
400

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500
Enter the Option: 5
Enter the value to Find: 400
Element present in the list
Enter the Option: 6

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List contains some Elements
Enter the Option: 4
Now list is empty
Enter the Option: 8
List is deleted

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Enter the Option: 2
List is not created
Enter the Option: 10
*******WRONG ENTRY******
Enter the Option: 9

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Result:
Page 21 of 43
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort

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Viva Voce:
1. What is list
2. Define ADT.
3. What is linked List
4. What are the different operations involved in List

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5. How the search operation works in list
6. How will you find the list is full
7. How will you find the list is empty
8. Define pointers in c.
9. How the list used in computer memory

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10. What are the different types of linked list Page 22 of 43
EX . No: 4a APPLICATION OF STACK
DATE

Aim:

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To write a C program to convert infix expression to postfix expression

Algorithm:
1. Push (onto Stack, and add ) to the end of X.
2. Scan X from left to right and repeat Step 3 to 6 for each element of X until the Stack is

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empty.
3. If an operand is encountered, add it to Y.
4. If a left parenthesis is encountered, push it onto Stack.
5. If an operator is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) which

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has the same precedence as or higher precedence than operator.
2. Add operator to Stack.
[End of If]
6. If a right parenthesis is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) until

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a left parenthesis is encountered.
2. Remove the left Parenthesis.
[End of If]
[End of If]
7. END.

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Sample Output:
Enter Infix expression : A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G)*H
Postfix Expression: ABC*DEF^/G*-H*+Fir

Enter Infix expression : (3^2*5)/(3*2-3)+5

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Postfix Expression: 32^5*32*3-/5+

Result:
Thus the C program to convert infix to postfix is executed successfully and the output is
verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement infix to postfix by using stack
Page 23 of 43

Ex: 4b APPLICATION OF LIST POLYNOMIAL ADDITION

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Date:


Aim:
To write a C program to add two polynomials

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Algorithm:
Algorithm to add two polynomials using linked list is as follows:-
Let p and q be the two polynomials represented by linked lists
1. While p and q are not null, repeat step 2.

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2. If powers of the two terms are equal
then if the terms do not cancel
then insert the sum of the terms into the sum Polynomial
Advance p
Advance q

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Else if the power of the first polynomial> power of second
Then insert the term from first polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance p
Else insert the term from second polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance q

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3. copy the remaining terms from the non empty polynomial into the sum polynomial.
The third step of the algorithm is to be processed till the end of the polynomials has not been
reached.

Sample Output:

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Create 1st expression
Enter Coeff:1
Enter Pow:2
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 1st expression

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The polynomial expression is:
1x^2
Page 24 of 43
Create 2nd expression
Enter Coeff:2

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Enter Pow:3
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 2nd expression
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3

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The polynomial expression is:
2x^3 + 1x^2
Add two more expressions (Y = 1/N = 0): 0
...Program finished with exit code 0

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement polynomial addition by using linked list is executed
successfully and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement polynomial addition by using linked list

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Viva Voce:
1. What is Stack
2. List the operations of stack.
3. What is linked List
4. What is the format of infix expression

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5. What is the format of postfix expression Page 25 of 43
Ex: 5a GRAPH REPRESENTATIONS
Date:

Aim:

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To write a C program implement adjacent matrix and adjacency list

Algorithm:
1. Create a graph with getting no. of vertices and no. of edges
2. Implement adjacency matrix

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3. Implement adjacency list
4. Close the program

Sample Output:
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency Matrix method

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1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit

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Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertex In_Degree Out_Degree Total_Degree

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1 2 0 2

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2 1 2 3



3 0 1 1

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4 1 1 2

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Page 26 of 43
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency List method

1. Directed Graph

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2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit
Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

Page 27 of 43
Ex: 5b GRAPH TRAVERSAL
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program implement DFS and BFS graph traversal.

Algorithm:

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DFS
1. Define a Stack of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and push it on
to the Stack.
3. Visit any one of the adjacent vertex of the verex which is at top of the stack

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which is not visited and push it on to the stack.
4. Repeat step 3 until there are no new vertex to be visit from the vertex on top of
the stack.
5. When there is no new vertex to be visit then use back tracking and pop one
vertex from the stack.

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6. Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 until stack becomes Empty.
7. When stack becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph

BFS

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1. Define a Queue of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and insert it into
the Queue.
3. Visit all the adjacent vertices of the verex which is at front of the Queue which is
not visited and insert them into the Queue.

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4. When there is no new vertex to be visit from the vertex at front of the Queue then
delete that vertex from the Queue.
5. Repeat step 3 and 4 until queue becomes empty.
6. When queue becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph

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Sample Output:
Page 28 of 43

Result:
Thus the C programs to implement graph representation, Adjacency matrix and Adjacency

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List, DFS and BFS are executed successfully and the outputs are verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:

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1. Define Graph
2. List the operations of graph.
3. What are the different representations of graphs
4. What are the two different graph traversals
5. Define DFS.

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6. Define BFS.
7. List the application of DFS.
8. List the application of BFS.
9. Define Indegree
10. Define Outdegree.

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


III SEMESTER - R 2017

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CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY



Name : _______________________________________

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Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL

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Page 2 of 43

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

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To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price

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tag on heart and soul
VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

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2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

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3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

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4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

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5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

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Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution

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e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable

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h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT

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3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees

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8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques

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TOTAL: 60 PERIODS


Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations

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Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data

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storage and retrieval

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43

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CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page

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No.
1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)

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Array implementation of Queue ADT

2.
Array implementation of List ADT

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3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

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3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)

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Application of Stack ADT

4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

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5.
a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.

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Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

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8.
Implementation of Heaps

9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

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10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11

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Implementation of Hashing Technique

Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.

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2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and

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terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.

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Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.

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6. Close the program

Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

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STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------
1.PUSH
2.POP
3.DISPLAY

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4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

Enter the Choice:1

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Enter a value to be pushed:24

Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

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Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

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98
24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

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The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

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24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

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EXIT POINT

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and

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the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

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Applications:
1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:

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1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)

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If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element

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from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then

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display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)

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Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

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Output:
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

1.Insert element to queue

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Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2

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Element deleted from queue is : 10

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :
15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

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Page 11 of 43
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.

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2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.


Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure

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2. What is array
3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack

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7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue

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Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),

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display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n

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ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows

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(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined

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5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required

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element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence

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8. Close the program

Output:
Main Menu
1. Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
Page 13 of 43
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69

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Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4

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Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56
The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:
67

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69
56
71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

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1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2
Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position

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Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
Page 14 of 43
1.Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5

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The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
71
Do You Want to continue: N

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. What is array
2. Define ADT.
3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List

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6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full
8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.

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11.

Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:

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1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable

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function calls in the main method.
5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack
Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.

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If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.
Finally, set top = newNode.
6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate

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the function
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.
4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying stack of elements

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1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp
reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).

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5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Output
****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 3

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Page 16 of 43
Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

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Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:2
Deleted Element: 5

****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:3

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3-> NULL

****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:4
...Program finished with exit code 0
Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list
Applications:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. It is very much useful in memory management
2.
Page 17 of 43

Aim:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.
5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue

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Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.
Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)
If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.
If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.
6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue

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Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
from the function
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.
Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).

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7. display() - Displaying queue of elements
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.
Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'

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reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).
Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Sample Output

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:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

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Ex. No. : 3b
Date:


LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT

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Page 18 of 43
Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******
1. Insert

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2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 7

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Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******
1. Insert

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2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Deleted element : 5

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice: 3
7 >>> NULL

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully

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and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked
list
Applications:

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1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue
2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an
order, until a service representative is free.
3.

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Page 19 of 43

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main
function program by through #include< Llist.h >
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().

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3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,

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Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)

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4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element

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from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.

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returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

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Sample Output:
List Adt Using Linked List
1.Create
2.Insert

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Ex. No. : 3c
Date:


LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT

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Page 20 of 43
3.Delete
4.MakeEmpty
5.Find
6.IsEmpty

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7.Display
8.Deletelist
9.Exit
Enter ur Option: 1
List is Created.

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Enter ur Option: 2
Enter the value: 100
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 200
Enter the Option: 2

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Enter the value: 300
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 400
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 500

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Enter the Option: 7
100
200
300
400

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500
Enter the Option: 3
Enter the value to delete: 200
Enter the Option: 7
100

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300
400
500
Enter the Option: 5
Enter the value to Find: 400

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Element present in the list
Enter the Option: 6
List contains some Elements
Enter the Option: 4
Now list is empty

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Enter the Option: 8
List is deleted
Enter the Option: 2
List is not created
Enter the Option: 10

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*******WRONG ENTRY******
Enter the Option: 9

Result:
Page 21 of 43

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Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using linked list
Applications:

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1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is list
2. Define ADT.

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3. What is linked List
4. What are the different operations involved in List
5. How the search operation works in list
6. How will you find the list is full
7. How will you find the list is empty

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8. Define pointers in c.
9. How the list used in computer memory
10. What are the different types of linked list Page 22 of 43
EX . No: 4a APPLICATION OF STACK
DATE

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Aim:
To write a C program to convert infix expression to postfix expression

Algorithm:

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1. Push (onto Stack, and add ) to the end of X.
2. Scan X from left to right and repeat Step 3 to 6 for each element of X until the Stack is
empty.
3. If an operand is encountered, add it to Y.
4. If a left parenthesis is encountered, push it onto Stack.

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5. If an operator is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) which
has the same precedence as or higher precedence than operator.
2. Add operator to Stack.
[End of If]

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6. If a right parenthesis is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) until
a left parenthesis is encountered.
2. Remove the left Parenthesis.
[End of If]

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[End of If]
7. END.
Sample Output:
Enter Infix expression : A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G)*H
Postfix Expression: ABC*DEF^/G*-H*+Fir

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Enter Infix expression : (3^2*5)/(3*2-3)+5
Postfix Expression: 32^5*32*3-/5+

Result:

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Thus the C program to convert infix to postfix is executed successfully and the output is
verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement infix to postfix by using stack
Page 23 of 43

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Ex: 4b APPLICATION OF LIST POLYNOMIAL ADDITION
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to add two polynomials

Algorithm:
Algorithm to add two polynomials using linked list is as follows:-

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Let p and q be the two polynomials represented by linked lists
1. While p and q are not null, repeat step 2.
2. If powers of the two terms are equal
then if the terms do not cancel
then insert the sum of the terms into the sum Polynomial

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Advance p
Advance q
Else if the power of the first polynomial> power of second
Then insert the term from first polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance p

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Else insert the term from second polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance q
3. copy the remaining terms from the non empty polynomial into the sum polynomial.
The third step of the algorithm is to be processed till the end of the polynomials has not been
reached.

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Sample Output:
Create 1st expression
Enter Coeff:1
Enter Pow:2

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Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 1st expression
The polynomial expression is:
1x^2
Page 24 of 43

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Create 2nd expression
Enter Coeff:2
Enter Pow:3
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 2nd expression

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The polynomial expression is:
2x^3
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3 + 1x^2
Add two more expressions (Y = 1/N = 0): 0

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...Program finished with exit code 0

Result:
Thus the C program to implement polynomial addition by using linked list is executed
successfully and the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement polynomial addition by using linked list
Viva Voce:
1. What is Stack
2. List the operations of stack.

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3. What is linked List
4. What is the format of infix expression
5. What is the format of postfix expression Page 25 of 43
Ex: 5a GRAPH REPRESENTATIONS
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program implement adjacent matrix and adjacency list

Algorithm:

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1. Create a graph with getting no. of vertices and no. of edges
2. Implement adjacency matrix
3. Implement adjacency list
4. Close the program

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Sample Output:
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency Matrix method

1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph

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3. Exit

Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertex In_Degree Out_Degree Total_Degree

1 2 0 2

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2 1 2 3

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3 0 1 1

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4 1 1 2


Page 26 of 43
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency List method

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1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit
Select a proper option :

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How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

Page 27 of 43

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Ex: 5b GRAPH TRAVERSAL
Date:

Aim:
To write a C program implement DFS and BFS graph traversal.

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Algorithm:
DFS
1. Define a Stack of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and push it on

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to the Stack.
3. Visit any one of the adjacent vertex of the verex which is at top of the stack
which is not visited and push it on to the stack.
4. Repeat step 3 until there are no new vertex to be visit from the vertex on top of
the stack.

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5. When there is no new vertex to be visit then use back tracking and pop one
vertex from the stack.
6. Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 until stack becomes Empty.
7. When stack becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph

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BFS
1. Define a Queue of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and insert it into
the Queue.

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3. Visit all the adjacent vertices of the verex which is at front of the Queue which is
not visited and insert them into the Queue.
4. When there is no new vertex to be visit from the vertex at front of the Queue then
delete that vertex from the Queue.
5. Repeat step 3 and 4 until queue becomes empty.

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6. When queue becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph
Sample Output:
Page 28 of 43

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement graph representation, Adjacency matrix and Adjacency
List, DFS and BFS are executed successfully and the outputs are verified.

Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:
1. Define Graph
2. List the operations of graph.
3. What are the different representations of graphs

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4. What are the two different graph traversals
5. Define DFS.
6. Define BFS.
7. List the application of DFS.
8. List the application of BFS.

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9. Define Indegree
10. Define Outdegree.

Page 29 of 43
Ex: 6 IMPLEMENTATION OF SEARCHING ALGORITHMS

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Date LINEAR SEARCH AND BINARY SEARCH


Aim:
To write a C Program to implement different searching techniques Linear and Binary

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search.

Algorithm:

Linear Search:

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1. Read the search element from the user
2. Compare, the search element with the first element in the list.
3. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the function
4. If both are not matching, then compare search element with the next element in the list.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the search element is compared with the last element in the list.

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6. If the last element in the list is also doesn't match, then display "Element not found!!!" and
terminate the function.
Binary search is implemented using following steps...
1. Read the search element from the user
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list

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3. Compare, the search element with the middle element in the sorted list.
4. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the
function
5. If both are not matching, then check whether the search element is smaller or
larger than middle element.

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6. If the search element is smaller than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and
5 for the left sublist of the middle element.
7. If the search element is larger than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and 5
for the right sublist of the middle element.
8. Repeat the same process until we find the search element in the list or until sublist

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contains only one element.
9. If that element also doesn't match with the search element, then display "Element
not found in the list!!!" and terminate the function.
Sample Output:
Linear Search

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Enter size of the list: 4 Enter any
4 integer values: 4 8 1 9
Enter the element to be Search: 9
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and

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enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at

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different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION
MISSION

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Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS

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To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to

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identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to

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design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable

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them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer

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Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career

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c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society

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g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with

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coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

Page 5 of 43

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CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees

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To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees

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6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs

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11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given

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problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

COURSE OUTCOMES

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COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

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1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

2.

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Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

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3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

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4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

4. b)

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Application of Queue ADT

5.
a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

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6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

7.

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Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.
Implementation of Heaps

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9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

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11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

Page 7 of 43

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Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)

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Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.

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Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).

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5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display

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stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

Sample output :

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Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------
1.PUSH

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2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

Page 8 of 43

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

98
24
12

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Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

24
12

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Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

EXIT POINT

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

Applications:
1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43

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Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end

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of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =

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value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and

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terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the

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queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same

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until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

Output:
1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 30

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :

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15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 4

Page 11 of 43
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and

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the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

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Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array
3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack

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5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack

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10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:

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1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n

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First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N

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Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L

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If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L

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undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)

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7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

Output:

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Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
Page 13 of 43

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the number of nodes 3

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Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

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1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56
The list after insertion:

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The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
56
71

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Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2
Enter the position u want to delete: 2

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The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3

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Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
Page 14 of 43

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1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69

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71
Do You Want to continue: N

Result:
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the

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output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.

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Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is array
2. Define ADT.
3. What is List

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4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full
8. How will you find the list is empty

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9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

Page 15 of 43

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Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.

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3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.
5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack
Create a newNode with given value.

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Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.
Finally, set top = newNode.
6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack

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1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.
4. Then set 'top = top next'.

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5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.

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4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp
reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Output

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 3
Page 16 of 43
Insertion Success
****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1

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Enter the value to be insert: 5

Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:2
Deleted Element: 5

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:3
3-> NULL

****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:4

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...Program finished with exit code 0
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in memory management
2.
Page 17 of 43

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:

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1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable

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function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.
5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue
Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.
Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)
If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.

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If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.
6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
from the function

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If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.
Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying queue of elements
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.

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If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.
Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'
reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).
Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Sample Output

:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

****** MENU ******

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1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1

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Enter the value to be insert: 5

Ex. No. : 3b
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Page 18 of 43
Insertion is Success!!!

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 7

Insertion is Success!!!

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice: 2
Deleted element : 5
****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
7 >>> NULL

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked

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list
Applications:
1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue
2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an
order, until a service representative is free.

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3.

Page 19 of 43

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main
function program by through #include< Llist.h >

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2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1

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Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.

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Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end

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If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist

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6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list

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print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

Sample Output:
List Adt Using Linked List

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1.Create
2.Insert
Ex. No. : 3c
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
Page 20 of 43
3.Delete
4.MakeEmpty

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5.Find
6.IsEmpty
7.Display
8.Deletelist
9.Exit

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Enter ur Option: 1
List is Created.
Enter ur Option: 2
Enter the value: 100
Enter the Option: 2

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Enter the value: 200
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 300
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 400

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Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 500
Enter the Option: 7
100
200

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300
400
500
Enter the Option: 3
Enter the value to delete: 200

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Enter the Option: 7
100
300
400
500

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Enter the Option: 5
Enter the value to Find: 400
Element present in the list
Enter the Option: 6
List contains some Elements

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Enter the Option: 4
Now list is empty
Enter the Option: 8
List is deleted
Enter the Option: 2

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List is not created
Enter the Option: 10
*******WRONG ENTRY******
Enter the Option: 9

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Result:
Page 21 of 43
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:

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1. What is list
2. Define ADT.
3. What is linked List
4. What are the different operations involved in List
5. How the search operation works in list

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6. How will you find the list is full
7. How will you find the list is empty
8. Define pointers in c.
9. How the list used in computer memory
10. What are the different types of linked list Page 22 of 43

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EX . No: 4a APPLICATION OF STACK
DATE

Aim:
To write a C program to convert infix expression to postfix expression

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Algorithm:
1. Push (onto Stack, and add ) to the end of X.
2. Scan X from left to right and repeat Step 3 to 6 for each element of X until the Stack is
empty.

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3. If an operand is encountered, add it to Y.
4. If a left parenthesis is encountered, push it onto Stack.
5. If an operator is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) which
has the same precedence as or higher precedence than operator.

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2. Add operator to Stack.
[End of If]
6. If a right parenthesis is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) until
a left parenthesis is encountered.

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2. Remove the left Parenthesis.
[End of If]
[End of If]
7. END.
Sample Output:

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Enter Infix expression : A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G)*H
Postfix Expression: ABC*DEF^/G*-H*+Fir

Enter Infix expression : (3^2*5)/(3*2-3)+5
Postfix Expression: 32^5*32*3-/5+

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Result:
Thus the C program to convert infix to postfix is executed successfully and the output is
verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement infix to postfix by using stack
Page 23 of 43

Ex: 4b APPLICATION OF LIST POLYNOMIAL ADDITION
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to add two polynomials

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Algorithm:
Algorithm to add two polynomials using linked list is as follows:-
Let p and q be the two polynomials represented by linked lists
1. While p and q are not null, repeat step 2.
2. If powers of the two terms are equal

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then if the terms do not cancel
then insert the sum of the terms into the sum Polynomial
Advance p
Advance q
Else if the power of the first polynomial> power of second

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Then insert the term from first polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance p
Else insert the term from second polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance q
3. copy the remaining terms from the non empty polynomial into the sum polynomial.

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The third step of the algorithm is to be processed till the end of the polynomials has not been
reached.

Sample Output:
Create 1st expression

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Enter Coeff:1
Enter Pow:2
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 1st expression
The polynomial expression is:

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1x^2
Page 24 of 43
Create 2nd expression
Enter Coeff:2
Enter Pow:3

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Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 2nd expression
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3
The polynomial expression is:

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2x^3 + 1x^2
Add two more expressions (Y = 1/N = 0): 0
...Program finished with exit code 0

Result:

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Thus the C program to implement polynomial addition by using linked list is executed
successfully and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement polynomial addition by using linked list
Viva Voce:

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1. What is Stack
2. List the operations of stack.
3. What is linked List
4. What is the format of infix expression
5. What is the format of postfix expression Page 25 of 43

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Ex: 5a GRAPH REPRESENTATIONS
Date:

Aim:
To write a C program implement adjacent matrix and adjacency list

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Algorithm:
1. Create a graph with getting no. of vertices and no. of edges
2. Implement adjacency matrix
3. Implement adjacency list

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4. Close the program

Sample Output:
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency Matrix method

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1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit

Select a proper option :

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How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertex In_Degree Out_Degree Total_Degree

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1 2 0 2



2 1 2 3

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3 0 1 1

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4 1 1 2

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Page 26 of 43
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency List method

1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph

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3. Exit
Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Page 27 of 43
Ex: 5b GRAPH TRAVERSAL
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program implement DFS and BFS graph traversal.

Algorithm:
DFS

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1. Define a Stack of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and push it on
to the Stack.
3. Visit any one of the adjacent vertex of the verex which is at top of the stack
which is not visited and push it on to the stack.

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4. Repeat step 3 until there are no new vertex to be visit from the vertex on top of
the stack.
5. When there is no new vertex to be visit then use back tracking and pop one
vertex from the stack.
6. Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 until stack becomes Empty.

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7. When stack becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph

BFS
1. Define a Queue of size total number of vertices in the graph.

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2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and insert it into
the Queue.
3. Visit all the adjacent vertices of the verex which is at front of the Queue which is
not visited and insert them into the Queue.
4. When there is no new vertex to be visit from the vertex at front of the Queue then

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delete that vertex from the Queue.
5. Repeat step 3 and 4 until queue becomes empty.
6. When queue becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph
Sample Output:

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Page 28 of 43

Result:
Thus the C programs to implement graph representation, Adjacency matrix and Adjacency
List, DFS and BFS are executed successfully and the outputs are verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:
1. Define Graph

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2. List the operations of graph.
3. What are the different representations of graphs
4. What are the two different graph traversals
5. Define DFS.
6. Define BFS.

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7. List the application of DFS.
8. List the application of BFS.
9. Define Indegree
10. Define Outdegree.

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Page 29 of 43
Ex: 6 IMPLEMENTATION OF SEARCHING ALGORITHMS
Date LINEAR SEARCH AND BINARY SEARCH

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Aim:
To write a C Program to implement different searching techniques Linear and Binary
search.

Algorithm:

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Linear Search:
1. Read the search element from the user
2. Compare, the search element with the first element in the list.
3. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the function

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4. If both are not matching, then compare search element with the next element in the list.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the search element is compared with the last element in the list.
6. If the last element in the list is also doesn't match, then display "Element not found!!!" and
terminate the function.
Binary search is implemented using following steps...

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1. Read the search element from the user
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare, the search element with the middle element in the sorted list.
4. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the
function

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5. If both are not matching, then check whether the search element is smaller or
larger than middle element.
6. If the search element is smaller than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and
5 for the left sublist of the middle element.
7. If the search element is larger than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and 5

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for the right sublist of the middle element.
8. Repeat the same process until we find the search element in the list or until sublist
contains only one element.
9. If that element also doesn't match with the search element, then display "Element
not found in the list!!!" and terminate the function.

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Sample Output:
Linear Search
Enter size of the list: 4 Enter any
4 integer values: 4 8 1 9
Enter the element to be Search: 9

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Page 30 of 43
Element is found at 3 index

...Program finished with exit code 10

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Binary Search
Enter the size of the list: 4 Enter 4 i
nteger values in Assending order 1 6 9 12

Enter value to be search: 9

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Element found at index 2.

Result:
Thus the C programs to implement Linear search and binary search are executed
successfully and output are verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:
1. Define Search
2. Define Sequential Search.

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3. What is Linear Search
4. What is the time complexity of linear search
5. What is Binary Search
6. What is the time complexity of linear search
7. List the application of Linear Search.

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8. List the application of Binary Search.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


III SEMESTER - R 2017

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CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY



Name : _______________________________________

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Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL

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Page 2 of 43

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

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To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price

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tag on heart and soul
VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

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2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

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3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

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4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

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5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

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Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution

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e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable

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h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT

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3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees

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8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques

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TOTAL: 60 PERIODS


Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations

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Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data

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storage and retrieval

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43

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CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page

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No.
1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)

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Array implementation of Queue ADT

2.
Array implementation of List ADT

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3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

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3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)

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Application of Stack ADT

4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

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5.
a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.

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Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

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8.
Implementation of Heaps

9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

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10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11

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Implementation of Hashing Technique

Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.

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2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and

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terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.

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Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.

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6. Close the program

Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

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STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------
1.PUSH
2.POP
3.DISPLAY

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4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

Enter the Choice:1

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Enter a value to be pushed:24

Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

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Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

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98
24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

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The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

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24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

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EXIT POINT

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and

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the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

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Applications:
1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:

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1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)

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If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element

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from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then

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display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)

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Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

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Output:
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

1.Insert element to queue

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Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2

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Element deleted from queue is : 10

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :
15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

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Page 11 of 43
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.

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2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.


Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure

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2. What is array
3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack

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7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue

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Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),

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display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n

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ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows

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(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined

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5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required

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element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence

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8. Close the program

Output:
Main Menu
1. Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
Page 13 of 43
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69

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Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4

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Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56
The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:
67

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69
56
71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

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1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2
Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position

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Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
Page 14 of 43
1.Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5

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The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
71
Do You Want to continue: N

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:

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1. What is array
2. Define ADT.
3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List

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6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full
8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.

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11.

Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:

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1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable

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function calls in the main method.
5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack
Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.

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If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.
Finally, set top = newNode.
6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate

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the function
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.
4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying stack of elements

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1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp
reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).

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5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Output
****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 3

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Page 16 of 43
Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

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Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:2
Deleted Element: 5

****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:3

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3-> NULL

****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:4
...Program finished with exit code 0
Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list
Applications:

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1. It is very much useful in memory management
2.
Page 17 of 43

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.

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2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.
5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue

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Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.
Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)
If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.
If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.
6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue

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Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
from the function
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.
Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).

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7. display() - Displaying queue of elements
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.
Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'

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reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).
Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Sample Output

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:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

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Ex. No. : 3b
Date:


LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT

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Page 18 of 43
Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******
1. Insert

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2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 7

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Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******
1. Insert

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2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Deleted element : 5

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice: 3
7 >>> NULL

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully

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and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked
list
Applications:

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1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue
2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an
order, until a service representative is free.
3.

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Page 19 of 43

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main
function program by through #include< Llist.h >
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().

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3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,

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Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)

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4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element

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from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.

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returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

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Sample Output:
List Adt Using Linked List
1.Create
2.Insert

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Ex. No. : 3c
Date:


LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT

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Page 20 of 43
3.Delete
4.MakeEmpty
5.Find
6.IsEmpty

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7.Display
8.Deletelist
9.Exit
Enter ur Option: 1
List is Created.

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Enter ur Option: 2
Enter the value: 100
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 200
Enter the Option: 2

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Enter the value: 300
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 400
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 500

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Enter the Option: 7
100
200
300
400

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500
Enter the Option: 3
Enter the value to delete: 200
Enter the Option: 7
100

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300
400
500
Enter the Option: 5
Enter the value to Find: 400

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Element present in the list
Enter the Option: 6
List contains some Elements
Enter the Option: 4
Now list is empty

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Enter the Option: 8
List is deleted
Enter the Option: 2
List is not created
Enter the Option: 10

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*******WRONG ENTRY******
Enter the Option: 9

Result:
Page 21 of 43

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Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using linked list
Applications:

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1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is list
2. Define ADT.

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3. What is linked List
4. What are the different operations involved in List
5. How the search operation works in list
6. How will you find the list is full
7. How will you find the list is empty

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8. Define pointers in c.
9. How the list used in computer memory
10. What are the different types of linked list Page 22 of 43
EX . No: 4a APPLICATION OF STACK
DATE

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Aim:
To write a C program to convert infix expression to postfix expression

Algorithm:

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1. Push (onto Stack, and add ) to the end of X.
2. Scan X from left to right and repeat Step 3 to 6 for each element of X until the Stack is
empty.
3. If an operand is encountered, add it to Y.
4. If a left parenthesis is encountered, push it onto Stack.

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5. If an operator is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) which
has the same precedence as or higher precedence than operator.
2. Add operator to Stack.
[End of If]

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6. If a right parenthesis is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) until
a left parenthesis is encountered.
2. Remove the left Parenthesis.
[End of If]

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[End of If]
7. END.
Sample Output:
Enter Infix expression : A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G)*H
Postfix Expression: ABC*DEF^/G*-H*+Fir

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Enter Infix expression : (3^2*5)/(3*2-3)+5
Postfix Expression: 32^5*32*3-/5+

Result:

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Thus the C program to convert infix to postfix is executed successfully and the output is
verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement infix to postfix by using stack
Page 23 of 43

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Ex: 4b APPLICATION OF LIST POLYNOMIAL ADDITION
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to add two polynomials

Algorithm:
Algorithm to add two polynomials using linked list is as follows:-

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Let p and q be the two polynomials represented by linked lists
1. While p and q are not null, repeat step 2.
2. If powers of the two terms are equal
then if the terms do not cancel
then insert the sum of the terms into the sum Polynomial

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Advance p
Advance q
Else if the power of the first polynomial> power of second
Then insert the term from first polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance p

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Else insert the term from second polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance q
3. copy the remaining terms from the non empty polynomial into the sum polynomial.
The third step of the algorithm is to be processed till the end of the polynomials has not been
reached.

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Sample Output:
Create 1st expression
Enter Coeff:1
Enter Pow:2

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Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 1st expression
The polynomial expression is:
1x^2
Page 24 of 43

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Create 2nd expression
Enter Coeff:2
Enter Pow:3
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 2nd expression

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The polynomial expression is:
2x^3
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3 + 1x^2
Add two more expressions (Y = 1/N = 0): 0

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...Program finished with exit code 0

Result:
Thus the C program to implement polynomial addition by using linked list is executed
successfully and the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement polynomial addition by using linked list
Viva Voce:
1. What is Stack
2. List the operations of stack.

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3. What is linked List
4. What is the format of infix expression
5. What is the format of postfix expression Page 25 of 43
Ex: 5a GRAPH REPRESENTATIONS
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program implement adjacent matrix and adjacency list

Algorithm:

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1. Create a graph with getting no. of vertices and no. of edges
2. Implement adjacency matrix
3. Implement adjacency list
4. Close the program

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Sample Output:
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency Matrix method

1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph

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3. Exit

Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertex In_Degree Out_Degree Total_Degree

1 2 0 2

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2 1 2 3

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3 0 1 1

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4 1 1 2


Page 26 of 43
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency List method

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1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit
Select a proper option :

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How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

Page 27 of 43

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Ex: 5b GRAPH TRAVERSAL
Date:

Aim:
To write a C program implement DFS and BFS graph traversal.

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Algorithm:
DFS
1. Define a Stack of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and push it on

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to the Stack.
3. Visit any one of the adjacent vertex of the verex which is at top of the stack
which is not visited and push it on to the stack.
4. Repeat step 3 until there are no new vertex to be visit from the vertex on top of
the stack.

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5. When there is no new vertex to be visit then use back tracking and pop one
vertex from the stack.
6. Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 until stack becomes Empty.
7. When stack becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph

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BFS
1. Define a Queue of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and insert it into
the Queue.

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3. Visit all the adjacent vertices of the verex which is at front of the Queue which is
not visited and insert them into the Queue.
4. When there is no new vertex to be visit from the vertex at front of the Queue then
delete that vertex from the Queue.
5. Repeat step 3 and 4 until queue becomes empty.

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6. When queue becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph
Sample Output:
Page 28 of 43

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement graph representation, Adjacency matrix and Adjacency
List, DFS and BFS are executed successfully and the outputs are verified.

Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:
1. Define Graph
2. List the operations of graph.
3. What are the different representations of graphs

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4. What are the two different graph traversals
5. Define DFS.
6. Define BFS.
7. List the application of DFS.
8. List the application of BFS.

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9. Define Indegree
10. Define Outdegree.

Page 29 of 43
Ex: 6 IMPLEMENTATION OF SEARCHING ALGORITHMS

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Date LINEAR SEARCH AND BINARY SEARCH


Aim:
To write a C Program to implement different searching techniques Linear and Binary

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search.

Algorithm:

Linear Search:

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1. Read the search element from the user
2. Compare, the search element with the first element in the list.
3. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the function
4. If both are not matching, then compare search element with the next element in the list.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the search element is compared with the last element in the list.

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6. If the last element in the list is also doesn't match, then display "Element not found!!!" and
terminate the function.
Binary search is implemented using following steps...
1. Read the search element from the user
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list

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3. Compare, the search element with the middle element in the sorted list.
4. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the
function
5. If both are not matching, then check whether the search element is smaller or
larger than middle element.

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6. If the search element is smaller than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and
5 for the left sublist of the middle element.
7. If the search element is larger than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and 5
for the right sublist of the middle element.
8. Repeat the same process until we find the search element in the list or until sublist

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contains only one element.
9. If that element also doesn't match with the search element, then display "Element
not found in the list!!!" and terminate the function.
Sample Output:
Linear Search

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Enter size of the list: 4 Enter any
4 integer values: 4 8 1 9
Enter the element to be Search: 9
Page 30 of 43
Element is found at 3 index

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...Program finished with exit code 10

Binary Search
Enter the size of the list: 4 Enter 4 i

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nteger values in Assending order 1 6 9 12

Enter value to be search: 9
Element found at index 2.

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement Linear search and binary search are executed
successfully and output are verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.

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Viva Voce:
1. Define Search
2. Define Sequential Search.
3. What is Linear Search
4. What is the time complexity of linear search

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5. What is Binary Search
6. What is the time complexity of linear search
7. List the application of Linear Search.
8. List the application of Binary Search. Page 31 of 43
Ex: 7 IMPLEMENTATION OF SORTING ALGORITHMS BUBBLE SORT, RADIX SORT,

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SHELL SORT

Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement different sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Radix Sort,
Shell Sort

Algorithm:

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Bubble Sort:
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement Bubble sort
Step 1: Repeat Steps 2 and 3 for i=1 to 10

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Step 2: Set j=1
Step 3: Repeat while j<=n
(A) if a[i] < a[j]
Then interchange a[i] and a[j]
[End of if]

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(B) Set j = j+1
[End of Inner Loop]
[End of Step 1 Outer Loop]
Step 4: Exit
4. Stop the program

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Shell Sort
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement shell sort

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4. Stop the program

Radix Sort
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].

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3. Implement radix sort
4. Stop the program
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


III SEMESTER - R 2017

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CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education

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and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels

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To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

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3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

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4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

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5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and

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pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications

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d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as

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economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms

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To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs

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2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees

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7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms

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12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS


Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

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Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem

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Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment

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Page
No.
1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

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1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

2.
Array implementation of List ADT

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3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

3. b)

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Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

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4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

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5.
a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

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6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

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8.
Implementation of Heaps

9.

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Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

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11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT

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Date:

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:

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1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and

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terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)

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Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the

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stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).

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Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

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STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------
1.PUSH
2.POP

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3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1

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Enter a value to be pushed:98

Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

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98
24
12
Press Next Choice

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Enter the Choice:2

The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

24
12
Press Next Choice

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Enter the Choice:4

EXIT POINT

Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

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Applications:
1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT

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Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.

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Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value

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4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.

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Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)

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6. Close the program

Output:
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :
15 20 30

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

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Page 11 of 43
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

Applications:

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1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.


Viva Voce:

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1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array
3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue

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6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue

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11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.

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2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1

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Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.

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Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end

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If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist

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6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list

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print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

Output:
Main Menu

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1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
Page 13 of 43
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67

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Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1. Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56
The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:

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67
69
56
71
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2
Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71

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Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69

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Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
Page 14 of 43
1.Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
71

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Do You Want to continue: N

Result:
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort

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Viva Voce:
1. What is array
2. Define ADT.
3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.

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5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full
8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify

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10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT

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Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.

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4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.
5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack
Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)

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If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.
Finally, set top = newNode.
6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).

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2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.
4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).

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7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp

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reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Output
****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1

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Enter the value to be insert: 3
Page 16 of 43
Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

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Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:2
Deleted Element: 5

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:3
3-> NULL

****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:4
...Program finished with exit code 0

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list

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Applications:
1. It is very much useful in memory management
2.
Page 17 of 43

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined

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functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.

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5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue
Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.
Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)
If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.
If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.

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6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
from the function
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.

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Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying queue of elements
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.

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Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'
reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).
Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Sample Output

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:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

****** MENU ******
1. Insert

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2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

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Ex. No. : 3b
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Page 18 of 43
Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******

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1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1

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Enter the value to be insert: 7

Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******

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1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2

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Deleted element : 5
****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
7 >>> NULL

Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked
list

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Applications:
1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue
2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an
order, until a service representative is free.
3.

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Page 19 of 43

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main
function program by through #include< Llist.h >
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),

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display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n

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ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows

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(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined

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5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required

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element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence

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8. Close the program

Sample Output:
List Adt Using Linked List
1.Create

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2.Insert
Ex. No. : 3c
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
Page 20 of 43
3.Delete
4.MakeEmpty
5.Find

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6.IsEmpty
7.Display
8.Deletelist
9.Exit
Enter ur Option: 1

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List is Created.
Enter ur Option: 2
Enter the value: 100
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 200

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Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 300
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 400
Enter the Option: 2

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Enter the value: 500
Enter the Option: 7
100
200
300

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400
500
Enter the Option: 3
Enter the value to delete: 200
Enter the Option: 7

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100
300
400
500
Enter the Option: 5

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Enter the value to Find: 400
Element present in the list
Enter the Option: 6
List contains some Elements
Enter the Option: 4

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Now list is empty
Enter the Option: 8
List is deleted
Enter the Option: 2
List is not created

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Enter the Option: 10
*******WRONG ENTRY******
Enter the Option: 9

Result:

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Page 21 of 43
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using linked list

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Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is list

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2. Define ADT.
3. What is linked List
4. What are the different operations involved in List
5. How the search operation works in list
6. How will you find the list is full

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7. How will you find the list is empty
8. Define pointers in c.
9. How the list used in computer memory
10. What are the different types of linked list Page 22 of 43
EX . No: 4a APPLICATION OF STACK

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DATE

Aim:
To write a C program to convert infix expression to postfix expression

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Algorithm:
1. Push (onto Stack, and add ) to the end of X.
2. Scan X from left to right and repeat Step 3 to 6 for each element of X until the Stack is
empty.
3. If an operand is encountered, add it to Y.

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4. If a left parenthesis is encountered, push it onto Stack.
5. If an operator is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) which
has the same precedence as or higher precedence than operator.
2. Add operator to Stack.

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[End of If]
6. If a right parenthesis is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) until
a left parenthesis is encountered.
2. Remove the left Parenthesis.

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[End of If]
[End of If]
7. END.
Sample Output:
Enter Infix expression : A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G)*H

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Postfix Expression: ABC*DEF^/G*-H*+Fir

Enter Infix expression : (3^2*5)/(3*2-3)+5
Postfix Expression: 32^5*32*3-/5+

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Result:
Thus the C program to convert infix to postfix is executed successfully and the output is
verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement infix to postfix by using stack

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Page 23 of 43

Ex: 4b APPLICATION OF LIST POLYNOMIAL ADDITION
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to add two polynomials

Algorithm:

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Algorithm to add two polynomials using linked list is as follows:-
Let p and q be the two polynomials represented by linked lists
1. While p and q are not null, repeat step 2.
2. If powers of the two terms are equal
then if the terms do not cancel

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then insert the sum of the terms into the sum Polynomial
Advance p
Advance q
Else if the power of the first polynomial> power of second
Then insert the term from first polynomial into sum polynomial

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Advance p
Else insert the term from second polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance q
3. copy the remaining terms from the non empty polynomial into the sum polynomial.
The third step of the algorithm is to be processed till the end of the polynomials has not been

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reached.

Sample Output:
Create 1st expression
Enter Coeff:1

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Enter Pow:2
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 1st expression
The polynomial expression is:
1x^2

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Page 24 of 43
Create 2nd expression
Enter Coeff:2
Enter Pow:3
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0

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Stored the 2nd expression
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3 + 1x^2

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Add two more expressions (Y = 1/N = 0): 0
...Program finished with exit code 0

Result:
Thus the C program to implement polynomial addition by using linked list is executed

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successfully and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement polynomial addition by using linked list
Viva Voce:
1. What is Stack

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2. List the operations of stack.
3. What is linked List
4. What is the format of infix expression
5. What is the format of postfix expression Page 25 of 43
Ex: 5a GRAPH REPRESENTATIONS

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Date:

Aim:
To write a C program implement adjacent matrix and adjacency list

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Algorithm:
1. Create a graph with getting no. of vertices and no. of edges
2. Implement adjacency matrix
3. Implement adjacency list
4. Close the program

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Sample Output:
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency Matrix method

1. Directed Graph

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2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit

Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :

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Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertex In_Degree Out_Degree Total_Degree

1 2 0 2

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2 1 2 3

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3 0 1 1

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4 1 1 2


Page 26 of 43

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A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency List method

1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit

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Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Page 27 of 43
Ex: 5b GRAPH TRAVERSAL
Date:

Aim:

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To write a C program implement DFS and BFS graph traversal.

Algorithm:
DFS
1. Define a Stack of size total number of vertices in the graph.

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2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and push it on
to the Stack.
3. Visit any one of the adjacent vertex of the verex which is at top of the stack
which is not visited and push it on to the stack.
4. Repeat step 3 until there are no new vertex to be visit from the vertex on top of

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the stack.
5. When there is no new vertex to be visit then use back tracking and pop one
vertex from the stack.
6. Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 until stack becomes Empty.
7. When stack becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing

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unused edges from the graph

BFS
1. Define a Queue of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and insert it into

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the Queue.
3. Visit all the adjacent vertices of the verex which is at front of the Queue which is
not visited and insert them into the Queue.
4. When there is no new vertex to be visit from the vertex at front of the Queue then
delete that vertex from the Queue.

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5. Repeat step 3 and 4 until queue becomes empty.
6. When queue becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph
Sample Output:
Page 28 of 43

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement graph representation, Adjacency matrix and Adjacency
List, DFS and BFS are executed successfully and the outputs are verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:
1. Define Graph
2. List the operations of graph.

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3. What are the different representations of graphs
4. What are the two different graph traversals
5. Define DFS.
6. Define BFS.
7. List the application of DFS.

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8. List the application of BFS.
9. Define Indegree
10. Define Outdegree.

Page 29 of 43

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Ex: 6 IMPLEMENTATION OF SEARCHING ALGORITHMS
Date LINEAR SEARCH AND BINARY SEARCH


Aim:

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To write a C Program to implement different searching techniques Linear and Binary
search.

Algorithm:

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Linear Search:
1. Read the search element from the user
2. Compare, the search element with the first element in the list.
3. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the function
4. If both are not matching, then compare search element with the next element in the list.

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5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the search element is compared with the last element in the list.
6. If the last element in the list is also doesn't match, then display "Element not found!!!" and
terminate the function.
Binary search is implemented using following steps...
1. Read the search element from the user

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2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare, the search element with the middle element in the sorted list.
4. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the
function
5. If both are not matching, then check whether the search element is smaller or

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larger than middle element.
6. If the search element is smaller than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and
5 for the left sublist of the middle element.
7. If the search element is larger than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and 5
for the right sublist of the middle element.

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8. Repeat the same process until we find the search element in the list or until sublist
contains only one element.
9. If that element also doesn't match with the search element, then display "Element
not found in the list!!!" and terminate the function.
Sample Output:

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Linear Search
Enter size of the list: 4 Enter any
4 integer values: 4 8 1 9
Enter the element to be Search: 9
Page 30 of 43

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Element is found at 3 index

...Program finished with exit code 10

Binary Search

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Enter the size of the list: 4 Enter 4 i
nteger values in Assending order 1 6 9 12

Enter value to be search: 9
Element found at index 2.

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement Linear search and binary search are executed
successfully and output are verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:
1. Define Search
2. Define Sequential Search.
3. What is Linear Search

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4. What is the time complexity of linear search
5. What is Binary Search
6. What is the time complexity of linear search
7. List the application of Linear Search.
8. List the application of Binary Search. Page 31 of 43

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Ex: 7 IMPLEMENTATION OF SORTING ALGORITHMS BUBBLE SORT, RADIX SORT,
SHELL SORT

Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement different sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Radix Sort,
Shell Sort

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Algorithm:
Bubble Sort:
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement Bubble sort

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Step 1: Repeat Steps 2 and 3 for i=1 to 10
Step 2: Set j=1
Step 3: Repeat while j<=n
(A) if a[i] < a[j]
Then interchange a[i] and a[j]

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[End of if]
(B) Set j = j+1
[End of Inner Loop]
[End of Step 1 Outer Loop]
Step 4: Exit

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4. Stop the program

Shell Sort
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].

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3. Implement shell sort
4. Stop the program

Radix Sort
1. Read the value of n

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2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement radix sort
4. Stop the program
Page 32 of 43
Sample Output

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Bubble sort


Shell sort
Enter total no. of elements : 10

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Enter numbers : 36 432 43 44 57 63 94 3 5 6
Sorted array is : 3 5 6 36 43 44 57 63 94 432


Radix sort

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$ gcc RadixSort.c
$ ./a.out
Enter total no. of elements : 8
Enter numbers : 802 2 24 45 66 75 90 170
Sorted array is : 2 24 45 66 75 90 170 802

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement different sorting algorithms are executed successfully
and outputs are verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement different sorting algorithms.
Viva Voce:
1. What is sorting
2. What are the different types of sorting
3. What is Bubble sort

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4. What is Radix sort
5. What is Shell sort
6. What is insertion sort
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and

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enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at

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different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION
MISSION

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Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS

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To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to

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identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to

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design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable

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them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer

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Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career

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c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society

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g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with

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coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

Page 5 of 43

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CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees

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To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees

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6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs

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11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given

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problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

COURSE OUTCOMES

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COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

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1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

2.

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Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

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3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

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4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

4. b)

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Application of Queue ADT

5.
a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

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6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

7.

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Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.
Implementation of Heaps

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9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

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11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

Page 7 of 43

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Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)

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Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.

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Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).

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5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display

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stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

Sample output :

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Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------
1.PUSH

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2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

Page 8 of 43

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

98
24
12

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Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

24
12

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Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

EXIT POINT

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

Applications:
1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43

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Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end

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of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =

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value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and

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terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the

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queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same

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until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

Output:
1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 30

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :

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15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 4

Page 11 of 43
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and

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the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

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Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array
3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack

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5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack

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10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:

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1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n

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First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N

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Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L

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If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L

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undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)

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7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

Output:

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Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
Page 13 of 43

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the number of nodes 3

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Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

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1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56
The list after insertion:

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The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
56
71

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Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2
Enter the position u want to delete: 2

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The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3

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Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
Page 14 of 43

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1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69

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71
Do You Want to continue: N

Result:
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the

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output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.

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Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is array
2. Define ADT.
3. What is List

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4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full
8. How will you find the list is empty

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9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

Page 15 of 43

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Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.

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3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.
5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack
Create a newNode with given value.

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Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.
Finally, set top = newNode.
6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack

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1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.
4. Then set 'top = top next'.

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5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.

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4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp
reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Output

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 3
Page 16 of 43
Insertion Success
****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1

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Enter the value to be insert: 5

Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:2
Deleted Element: 5

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:3
3-> NULL

****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:4

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...Program finished with exit code 0
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in memory management
2.
Page 17 of 43

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:

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1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable

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function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.
5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue
Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.
Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)
If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.

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If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.
6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
from the function

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If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.
Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying queue of elements
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.

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If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.
Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'
reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).
Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Sample Output

:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

****** MENU ******

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1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1

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Enter the value to be insert: 5

Ex. No. : 3b
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Page 18 of 43
Insertion is Success!!!

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 7

Insertion is Success!!!

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice: 2
Deleted element : 5
****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
7 >>> NULL

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked

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list
Applications:
1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue
2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an
order, until a service representative is free.

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3.

Page 19 of 43

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main
function program by through #include< Llist.h >

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2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1

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Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.

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Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end

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If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist

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6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list

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print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

Sample Output:
List Adt Using Linked List

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1.Create
2.Insert
Ex. No. : 3c
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
Page 20 of 43
3.Delete
4.MakeEmpty

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5.Find
6.IsEmpty
7.Display
8.Deletelist
9.Exit

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Enter ur Option: 1
List is Created.
Enter ur Option: 2
Enter the value: 100
Enter the Option: 2

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Enter the value: 200
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 300
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 400

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Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 500
Enter the Option: 7
100
200

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300
400
500
Enter the Option: 3
Enter the value to delete: 200

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Enter the Option: 7
100
300
400
500

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Enter the Option: 5
Enter the value to Find: 400
Element present in the list
Enter the Option: 6
List contains some Elements

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Enter the Option: 4
Now list is empty
Enter the Option: 8
List is deleted
Enter the Option: 2

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List is not created
Enter the Option: 10
*******WRONG ENTRY******
Enter the Option: 9

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Result:
Page 21 of 43
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:

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1. What is list
2. Define ADT.
3. What is linked List
4. What are the different operations involved in List
5. How the search operation works in list

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6. How will you find the list is full
7. How will you find the list is empty
8. Define pointers in c.
9. How the list used in computer memory
10. What are the different types of linked list Page 22 of 43

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EX . No: 4a APPLICATION OF STACK
DATE

Aim:
To write a C program to convert infix expression to postfix expression

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Algorithm:
1. Push (onto Stack, and add ) to the end of X.
2. Scan X from left to right and repeat Step 3 to 6 for each element of X until the Stack is
empty.

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3. If an operand is encountered, add it to Y.
4. If a left parenthesis is encountered, push it onto Stack.
5. If an operator is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) which
has the same precedence as or higher precedence than operator.

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2. Add operator to Stack.
[End of If]
6. If a right parenthesis is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) until
a left parenthesis is encountered.

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2. Remove the left Parenthesis.
[End of If]
[End of If]
7. END.
Sample Output:

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Enter Infix expression : A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G)*H
Postfix Expression: ABC*DEF^/G*-H*+Fir

Enter Infix expression : (3^2*5)/(3*2-3)+5
Postfix Expression: 32^5*32*3-/5+

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Result:
Thus the C program to convert infix to postfix is executed successfully and the output is
verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement infix to postfix by using stack
Page 23 of 43

Ex: 4b APPLICATION OF LIST POLYNOMIAL ADDITION
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to add two polynomials

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Algorithm:
Algorithm to add two polynomials using linked list is as follows:-
Let p and q be the two polynomials represented by linked lists
1. While p and q are not null, repeat step 2.
2. If powers of the two terms are equal

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then if the terms do not cancel
then insert the sum of the terms into the sum Polynomial
Advance p
Advance q
Else if the power of the first polynomial> power of second

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Then insert the term from first polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance p
Else insert the term from second polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance q
3. copy the remaining terms from the non empty polynomial into the sum polynomial.

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The third step of the algorithm is to be processed till the end of the polynomials has not been
reached.

Sample Output:
Create 1st expression

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Enter Coeff:1
Enter Pow:2
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 1st expression
The polynomial expression is:

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1x^2
Page 24 of 43
Create 2nd expression
Enter Coeff:2
Enter Pow:3

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Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 2nd expression
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3
The polynomial expression is:

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2x^3 + 1x^2
Add two more expressions (Y = 1/N = 0): 0
...Program finished with exit code 0

Result:

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Thus the C program to implement polynomial addition by using linked list is executed
successfully and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement polynomial addition by using linked list
Viva Voce:

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1. What is Stack
2. List the operations of stack.
3. What is linked List
4. What is the format of infix expression
5. What is the format of postfix expression Page 25 of 43

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Ex: 5a GRAPH REPRESENTATIONS
Date:

Aim:
To write a C program implement adjacent matrix and adjacency list

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Algorithm:
1. Create a graph with getting no. of vertices and no. of edges
2. Implement adjacency matrix
3. Implement adjacency list

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4. Close the program

Sample Output:
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency Matrix method

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1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit

Select a proper option :

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How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertex In_Degree Out_Degree Total_Degree

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1 2 0 2



2 1 2 3

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3 0 1 1

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4 1 1 2

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Page 26 of 43
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency List method

1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph

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3. Exit
Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Page 27 of 43
Ex: 5b GRAPH TRAVERSAL
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program implement DFS and BFS graph traversal.

Algorithm:
DFS

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1. Define a Stack of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and push it on
to the Stack.
3. Visit any one of the adjacent vertex of the verex which is at top of the stack
which is not visited and push it on to the stack.

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4. Repeat step 3 until there are no new vertex to be visit from the vertex on top of
the stack.
5. When there is no new vertex to be visit then use back tracking and pop one
vertex from the stack.
6. Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 until stack becomes Empty.

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7. When stack becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph

BFS
1. Define a Queue of size total number of vertices in the graph.

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2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and insert it into
the Queue.
3. Visit all the adjacent vertices of the verex which is at front of the Queue which is
not visited and insert them into the Queue.
4. When there is no new vertex to be visit from the vertex at front of the Queue then

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delete that vertex from the Queue.
5. Repeat step 3 and 4 until queue becomes empty.
6. When queue becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph
Sample Output:

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Page 28 of 43

Result:
Thus the C programs to implement graph representation, Adjacency matrix and Adjacency
List, DFS and BFS are executed successfully and the outputs are verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:
1. Define Graph

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2. List the operations of graph.
3. What are the different representations of graphs
4. What are the two different graph traversals
5. Define DFS.
6. Define BFS.

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7. List the application of DFS.
8. List the application of BFS.
9. Define Indegree
10. Define Outdegree.

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Page 29 of 43
Ex: 6 IMPLEMENTATION OF SEARCHING ALGORITHMS
Date LINEAR SEARCH AND BINARY SEARCH

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Aim:
To write a C Program to implement different searching techniques Linear and Binary
search.

Algorithm:

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Linear Search:
1. Read the search element from the user
2. Compare, the search element with the first element in the list.
3. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the function

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4. If both are not matching, then compare search element with the next element in the list.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the search element is compared with the last element in the list.
6. If the last element in the list is also doesn't match, then display "Element not found!!!" and
terminate the function.
Binary search is implemented using following steps...

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1. Read the search element from the user
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare, the search element with the middle element in the sorted list.
4. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the
function

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5. If both are not matching, then check whether the search element is smaller or
larger than middle element.
6. If the search element is smaller than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and
5 for the left sublist of the middle element.
7. If the search element is larger than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and 5

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for the right sublist of the middle element.
8. Repeat the same process until we find the search element in the list or until sublist
contains only one element.
9. If that element also doesn't match with the search element, then display "Element
not found in the list!!!" and terminate the function.

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Sample Output:
Linear Search
Enter size of the list: 4 Enter any
4 integer values: 4 8 1 9
Enter the element to be Search: 9

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Page 30 of 43
Element is found at 3 index

...Program finished with exit code 10

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Binary Search
Enter the size of the list: 4 Enter 4 i
nteger values in Assending order 1 6 9 12

Enter value to be search: 9

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Element found at index 2.

Result:
Thus the C programs to implement Linear search and binary search are executed
successfully and output are verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:
1. Define Search
2. Define Sequential Search.

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3. What is Linear Search
4. What is the time complexity of linear search
5. What is Binary Search
6. What is the time complexity of linear search
7. List the application of Linear Search.

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8. List the application of Binary Search. Page 31 of 43
Ex: 7 IMPLEMENTATION OF SORTING ALGORITHMS BUBBLE SORT, RADIX SORT,
SHELL SORT

Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement different sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Radix Sort,
Shell Sort

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Algorithm:
Bubble Sort:
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].

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3. Implement Bubble sort
Step 1: Repeat Steps 2 and 3 for i=1 to 10
Step 2: Set j=1
Step 3: Repeat while j<=n
(A) if a[i] < a[j]

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Then interchange a[i] and a[j]
[End of if]
(B) Set j = j+1
[End of Inner Loop]
[End of Step 1 Outer Loop]

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Step 4: Exit
4. Stop the program

Shell Sort
1. Read the value of n

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2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement shell sort
4. Stop the program

Radix Sort

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1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement radix sort
4. Stop the program
Page 32 of 43

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Sample Output
Bubble sort


Shell sort

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Enter total no. of elements : 10
Enter numbers : 36 432 43 44 57 63 94 3 5 6
Sorted array is : 3 5 6 36 43 44 57 63 94 432

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Radix sort
$ gcc RadixSort.c
$ ./a.out
Enter total no. of elements : 8
Enter numbers : 802 2 24 45 66 75 90 170

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Sorted array is : 2 24 45 66 75 90 170 802

Result:
Thus the C programs to implement different sorting algorithms are executed successfully
and outputs are verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement different sorting algorithms.
Viva Voce:
1. What is sorting
2. What are the different types of sorting

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3. What is Bubble sort
4. What is Radix sort
5. What is Shell sort
6. What is insertion sort
Page 33 of 43

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7. Mention about Selection sort.
8. Compare Bubble and Radix sort.
9. Compare Shell sort and Bubble sort
10. Compare Shell and Radix sort

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

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To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

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VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

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2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS

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To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field

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b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT

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tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to

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convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

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To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs

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4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.

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9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a

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given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.

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1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

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2.
Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)

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Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

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3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

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4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

5.

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a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

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7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.

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Implementation of Heaps

9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

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10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

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Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().

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3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]

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to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)

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Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

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Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY

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--------------------------------
1.PUSH
2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

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Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

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Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

98

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24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

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The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

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24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

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EXIT POINT

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

Applications:

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1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.

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2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate

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the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.

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Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are

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equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

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Output:
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 20

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :
15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

Page 11 of 43

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array

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3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue

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8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43

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EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().

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3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,

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Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)

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4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element

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from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.

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returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

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Output:
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
Page 13 of 43
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71

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Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2

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Enter the element to insert: 56
The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69

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56
71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 2
Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

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1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
Page 14 of 43
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:

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67
69
71
Do You Want to continue: N

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array

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Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is array

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2. Define ADT.
3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list

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7. How will you find the list is full
8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

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Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined

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functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.

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5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack
Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.

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Finally, set top = newNode.
6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function

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3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.
4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).

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2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp
reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Output
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 3
Page 16 of 43

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Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

Insertion Success

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:2
Deleted Element: 5

****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:3
3-> NULL

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:4
...Program finished with exit code 0
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully

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and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in memory management

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2.
Page 17 of 43

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.

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3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.
5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue
Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.

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Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)
If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.
If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.
6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).

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If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
from the function
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.
Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying queue of elements

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Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.
Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'
reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).

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Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Sample Output

:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

Ex. No. : 3b

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Date:


LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Page 18 of 43

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Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 7

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Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Deleted element : 5
****** MENU ******

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1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3

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7 >>> NULL

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked
list
Applications:
1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue

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2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an
order, until a service representative is free.
3.

Page 19 of 43

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:

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1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main
function program by through #include< Llist.h >
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.

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List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N

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Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.

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Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.

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delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L

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undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

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Sample Output:
List Adt Using Linked List
1.Create
2.Insert
Ex. No. : 3c

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Date:


LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
Page 20 of 43

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3.Delete
4.MakeEmpty
5.Find
6.IsEmpty
7.Display

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8.Deletelist
9.Exit
Enter ur Option: 1
List is Created.
Enter ur Option: 2

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Enter the value: 100
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 200
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 300

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Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 400
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 500
Enter the Option: 7

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100
200
300
400
500

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Enter the Option: 3
Enter the value to delete: 200
Enter the Option: 7
100
300

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400
500
Enter the Option: 5
Enter the value to Find: 400
Element present in the list

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Enter the Option: 6
List contains some Elements
Enter the Option: 4
Now list is empty
Enter the Option: 8

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List is deleted
Enter the Option: 2
List is not created
Enter the Option: 10
*******WRONG ENTRY******

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Enter the Option: 9

Result:
Page 21 of 43
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using linked list is executed successfully

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and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.

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Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is list
2. Define ADT.
3. What is linked List

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4. What are the different operations involved in List
5. How the search operation works in list
6. How will you find the list is full
7. How will you find the list is empty
8. Define pointers in c.

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9. How the list used in computer memory
10. What are the different types of linked list Page 22 of 43
EX . No: 4a APPLICATION OF STACK
DATE

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Aim:
To write a C program to convert infix expression to postfix expression

Algorithm:
1. Push (onto Stack, and add ) to the end of X.

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2. Scan X from left to right and repeat Step 3 to 6 for each element of X until the Stack is
empty.
3. If an operand is encountered, add it to Y.
4. If a left parenthesis is encountered, push it onto Stack.
5. If an operator is encountered ,then:

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1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) which
has the same precedence as or higher precedence than operator.
2. Add operator to Stack.
[End of If]
6. If a right parenthesis is encountered ,then:

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1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) until
a left parenthesis is encountered.
2. Remove the left Parenthesis.
[End of If]
[End of If]

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7. END.
Sample Output:
Enter Infix expression : A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G)*H
Postfix Expression: ABC*DEF^/G*-H*+Fir

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Enter Infix expression : (3^2*5)/(3*2-3)+5
Postfix Expression: 32^5*32*3-/5+

Result:
Thus the C program to convert infix to postfix is executed successfully and the output is

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verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement infix to postfix by using stack
Page 23 of 43

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Ex: 4b APPLICATION OF LIST POLYNOMIAL ADDITION
Date:


Aim:

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To write a C program to add two polynomials

Algorithm:
Algorithm to add two polynomials using linked list is as follows:-
Let p and q be the two polynomials represented by linked lists

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1. While p and q are not null, repeat step 2.
2. If powers of the two terms are equal
then if the terms do not cancel
then insert the sum of the terms into the sum Polynomial
Advance p

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Advance q
Else if the power of the first polynomial> power of second
Then insert the term from first polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance p
Else insert the term from second polynomial into sum polynomial

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Advance q
3. copy the remaining terms from the non empty polynomial into the sum polynomial.
The third step of the algorithm is to be processed till the end of the polynomials has not been
reached.

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Sample Output:
Create 1st expression
Enter Coeff:1
Enter Pow:2
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0

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Stored the 1st expression
The polynomial expression is:
1x^2
Page 24 of 43
Create 2nd expression

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Enter Coeff:2
Enter Pow:3
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 2nd expression
The polynomial expression is:

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2x^3
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3 + 1x^2
Add two more expressions (Y = 1/N = 0): 0
...Program finished with exit code 0

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement polynomial addition by using linked list is executed
successfully and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement polynomial addition by using linked list
Viva Voce:
1. What is Stack
2. List the operations of stack.
3. What is linked List

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4. What is the format of infix expression
5. What is the format of postfix expression Page 25 of 43
Ex: 5a GRAPH REPRESENTATIONS
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program implement adjacent matrix and adjacency list

Algorithm:
1. Create a graph with getting no. of vertices and no. of edges

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2. Implement adjacency matrix
3. Implement adjacency list
4. Close the program

Sample Output:

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A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency Matrix method

1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit

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Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertex In_Degree Out_Degree Total_Degree

1 2 0 2

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2 1 2 3

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3 0 1 1



4 1 1 2

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Page 26 of 43
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency List method

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1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit
Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :

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Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

Page 27 of 43
Ex: 5b GRAPH TRAVERSAL

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Date:

Aim:
To write a C program implement DFS and BFS graph traversal.

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Algorithm:
DFS
1. Define a Stack of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and push it on
to the Stack.

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3. Visit any one of the adjacent vertex of the verex which is at top of the stack
which is not visited and push it on to the stack.
4. Repeat step 3 until there are no new vertex to be visit from the vertex on top of
the stack.
5. When there is no new vertex to be visit then use back tracking and pop one

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vertex from the stack.
6. Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 until stack becomes Empty.
7. When stack becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph

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BFS
1. Define a Queue of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and insert it into
the Queue.
3. Visit all the adjacent vertices of the verex which is at front of the Queue which is

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not visited and insert them into the Queue.
4. When there is no new vertex to be visit from the vertex at front of the Queue then
delete that vertex from the Queue.
5. Repeat step 3 and 4 until queue becomes empty.
6. When queue becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing

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unused edges from the graph
Sample Output:
Page 28 of 43

Result:

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Thus the C programs to implement graph representation, Adjacency matrix and Adjacency
List, DFS and BFS are executed successfully and the outputs are verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.

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Viva Voce:
1. Define Graph
2. List the operations of graph.
3. What are the different representations of graphs
4. What are the two different graph traversals

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5. Define DFS.
6. Define BFS.
7. List the application of DFS.
8. List the application of BFS.
9. Define Indegree

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10. Define Outdegree.

Page 29 of 43
Ex: 6 IMPLEMENTATION OF SEARCHING ALGORITHMS
Date LINEAR SEARCH AND BINARY SEARCH

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Aim:
To write a C Program to implement different searching techniques Linear and Binary
search.

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Algorithm:

Linear Search:
1. Read the search element from the user

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2. Compare, the search element with the first element in the list.
3. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the function
4. If both are not matching, then compare search element with the next element in the list.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the search element is compared with the last element in the list.
6. If the last element in the list is also doesn't match, then display "Element not found!!!" and

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terminate the function.
Binary search is implemented using following steps...
1. Read the search element from the user
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare, the search element with the middle element in the sorted list.

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4. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the
function
5. If both are not matching, then check whether the search element is smaller or
larger than middle element.
6. If the search element is smaller than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and

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5 for the left sublist of the middle element.
7. If the search element is larger than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and 5
for the right sublist of the middle element.
8. Repeat the same process until we find the search element in the list or until sublist
contains only one element.

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9. If that element also doesn't match with the search element, then display "Element
not found in the list!!!" and terminate the function.
Sample Output:
Linear Search
Enter size of the list: 4 Enter any

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4 integer values: 4 8 1 9
Enter the element to be Search: 9
Page 30 of 43
Element is found at 3 index

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...Program finished with exit code 10

Binary Search
Enter the size of the list: 4 Enter 4 i
nteger values in Assending order 1 6 9 12

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Enter value to be search: 9
Element found at index 2.

Result:

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Thus the C programs to implement Linear search and binary search are executed
successfully and output are verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:

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1. Define Search
2. Define Sequential Search.
3. What is Linear Search
4. What is the time complexity of linear search
5. What is Binary Search

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6. What is the time complexity of linear search
7. List the application of Linear Search.
8. List the application of Binary Search. Page 31 of 43
Ex: 7 IMPLEMENTATION OF SORTING ALGORITHMS BUBBLE SORT, RADIX SORT,
SHELL SORT

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Date:


Aim:

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To write a C program to implement different sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Radix Sort,
Shell Sort

Algorithm:
Bubble Sort:

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1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement Bubble sort
Step 1: Repeat Steps 2 and 3 for i=1 to 10
Step 2: Set j=1

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Step 3: Repeat while j<=n
(A) if a[i] < a[j]
Then interchange a[i] and a[j]
[End of if]
(B) Set j = j+1

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[End of Inner Loop]
[End of Step 1 Outer Loop]
Step 4: Exit
4. Stop the program

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Shell Sort
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement shell sort
4. Stop the program

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Radix Sort
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement radix sort

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4. Stop the program
Page 32 of 43
Sample Output
Bubble sort

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Shell sort
Enter total no. of elements : 10
Enter numbers : 36 432 43 44 57 63 94 3 5 6
Sorted array is : 3 5 6 36 43 44 57 63 94 432

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Radix sort
$ gcc RadixSort.c
$ ./a.out

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Enter total no. of elements : 8
Enter numbers : 802 2 24 45 66 75 90 170
Sorted array is : 2 24 45 66 75 90 170 802

Result:

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Thus the C programs to implement different sorting algorithms are executed successfully
and outputs are verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement different sorting algorithms.
Viva Voce:

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1. What is sorting
2. What are the different types of sorting
3. What is Bubble sort
4. What is Radix sort
5. What is Shell sort

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6. What is insertion sort
Page 33 of 43
7. Mention about Selection sort.
8. Compare Bubble and Radix sort.
9. Compare Shell sort and Bubble sort

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10. Compare Shell and Radix sort

Page 34 of 43
Ex. No: 8 IMPLEMENTATION OF HEAP
DATE:

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Aim:
To write a Cprogram to implement heap data structure

Algorithm:

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1. Start the program
2. Initially, declare n=0 for number of nodes in the heap
3. By using while, create a menu for all operations of heaps
4. Perform all the operation and display the result
5. Stop the program

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Output:
$ cc pgm66.c
$ a.out
1.Insert the element

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2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 30

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1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 50
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 70
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Enter the elements to be deleted from the list: 10
10 not found in heap list
1.Insert the element

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2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Enter the elements to be deleted from the list: 50

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1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


III SEMESTER - R 2017

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CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education

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and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels

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To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and

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fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

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3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

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4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

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5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and

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pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications

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d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms

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To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs

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2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees

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7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms

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12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS


Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

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Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem

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Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment

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Page
No.
1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

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1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

2.
Array implementation of List ADT

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3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

3. b)

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Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

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4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

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5.
a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

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6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

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8.
Implementation of Heaps

9.

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Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

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11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT

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Date:

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:

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1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and

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terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)

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Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the

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stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).

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Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

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STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------
1.PUSH
2.POP

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3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1

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Enter a value to be pushed:98

Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

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98
24
12
Press Next Choice

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Enter the Choice:2

The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

24
12
Press Next Choice

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Enter the Choice:4

EXIT POINT

Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

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Applications:
1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT

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Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.

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Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value

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4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.

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Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)

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6. Close the program

Output:
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :
15 20 30

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

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Page 11 of 43
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

Applications:

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1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.


Viva Voce:

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1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array
3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue

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6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue

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11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.

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2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1

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Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.

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Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end

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If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist

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6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list

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print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

Output:
Main Menu

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1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
Page 13 of 43
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67

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Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1. Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56
The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:

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67
69
56
71
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2
Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71

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Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69

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Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
Page 14 of 43
1.Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
71

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Do You Want to continue: N

Result:
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort

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Viva Voce:
1. What is array
2. Define ADT.
3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.

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5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full
8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify

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10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT

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Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.

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4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.
5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack
Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)

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If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.
Finally, set top = newNode.
6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).

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2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.
4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).

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7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp

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reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Output
****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1

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Enter the value to be insert: 3
Page 16 of 43
Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

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Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:2
Deleted Element: 5

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:3
3-> NULL

****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:4
...Program finished with exit code 0

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list

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Applications:
1. It is very much useful in memory management
2.
Page 17 of 43

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined

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functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.

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5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue
Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.
Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)
If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.
If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.

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6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
from the function
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.

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Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying queue of elements
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.

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Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'
reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).
Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Sample Output

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:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

****** MENU ******
1. Insert

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2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

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Ex. No. : 3b
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Page 18 of 43
Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******

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1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1

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Enter the value to be insert: 7

Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******

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1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2

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Deleted element : 5
****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
7 >>> NULL

Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked
list

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Applications:
1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue
2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an
order, until a service representative is free.
3.

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Page 19 of 43

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main
function program by through #include< Llist.h >
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),

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display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n

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ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows

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(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined

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5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required

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element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence

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8. Close the program

Sample Output:
List Adt Using Linked List
1.Create

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2.Insert
Ex. No. : 3c
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
Page 20 of 43
3.Delete
4.MakeEmpty
5.Find

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6.IsEmpty
7.Display
8.Deletelist
9.Exit
Enter ur Option: 1

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List is Created.
Enter ur Option: 2
Enter the value: 100
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 200

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Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 300
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 400
Enter the Option: 2

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Enter the value: 500
Enter the Option: 7
100
200
300

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400
500
Enter the Option: 3
Enter the value to delete: 200
Enter the Option: 7

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100
300
400
500
Enter the Option: 5

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Enter the value to Find: 400
Element present in the list
Enter the Option: 6
List contains some Elements
Enter the Option: 4

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Now list is empty
Enter the Option: 8
List is deleted
Enter the Option: 2
List is not created

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Enter the Option: 10
*******WRONG ENTRY******
Enter the Option: 9

Result:

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Page 21 of 43
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using linked list

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Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is list

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2. Define ADT.
3. What is linked List
4. What are the different operations involved in List
5. How the search operation works in list
6. How will you find the list is full

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7. How will you find the list is empty
8. Define pointers in c.
9. How the list used in computer memory
10. What are the different types of linked list Page 22 of 43
EX . No: 4a APPLICATION OF STACK

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DATE

Aim:
To write a C program to convert infix expression to postfix expression

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Algorithm:
1. Push (onto Stack, and add ) to the end of X.
2. Scan X from left to right and repeat Step 3 to 6 for each element of X until the Stack is
empty.
3. If an operand is encountered, add it to Y.

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4. If a left parenthesis is encountered, push it onto Stack.
5. If an operator is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) which
has the same precedence as or higher precedence than operator.
2. Add operator to Stack.

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[End of If]
6. If a right parenthesis is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) until
a left parenthesis is encountered.
2. Remove the left Parenthesis.

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[End of If]
[End of If]
7. END.
Sample Output:
Enter Infix expression : A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G)*H

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Postfix Expression: ABC*DEF^/G*-H*+Fir

Enter Infix expression : (3^2*5)/(3*2-3)+5
Postfix Expression: 32^5*32*3-/5+

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Result:
Thus the C program to convert infix to postfix is executed successfully and the output is
verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement infix to postfix by using stack

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Page 23 of 43

Ex: 4b APPLICATION OF LIST POLYNOMIAL ADDITION
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to add two polynomials

Algorithm:

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Algorithm to add two polynomials using linked list is as follows:-
Let p and q be the two polynomials represented by linked lists
1. While p and q are not null, repeat step 2.
2. If powers of the two terms are equal
then if the terms do not cancel

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then insert the sum of the terms into the sum Polynomial
Advance p
Advance q
Else if the power of the first polynomial> power of second
Then insert the term from first polynomial into sum polynomial

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Advance p
Else insert the term from second polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance q
3. copy the remaining terms from the non empty polynomial into the sum polynomial.
The third step of the algorithm is to be processed till the end of the polynomials has not been

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reached.

Sample Output:
Create 1st expression
Enter Coeff:1

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Enter Pow:2
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 1st expression
The polynomial expression is:
1x^2

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Page 24 of 43
Create 2nd expression
Enter Coeff:2
Enter Pow:3
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0

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Stored the 2nd expression
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3 + 1x^2

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Add two more expressions (Y = 1/N = 0): 0
...Program finished with exit code 0

Result:
Thus the C program to implement polynomial addition by using linked list is executed

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successfully and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement polynomial addition by using linked list
Viva Voce:
1. What is Stack

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2. List the operations of stack.
3. What is linked List
4. What is the format of infix expression
5. What is the format of postfix expression Page 25 of 43
Ex: 5a GRAPH REPRESENTATIONS

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Date:

Aim:
To write a C program implement adjacent matrix and adjacency list

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Algorithm:
1. Create a graph with getting no. of vertices and no. of edges
2. Implement adjacency matrix
3. Implement adjacency list
4. Close the program

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Sample Output:
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency Matrix method

1. Directed Graph

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2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit

Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :

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Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertex In_Degree Out_Degree Total_Degree

1 2 0 2

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2 1 2 3

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3 0 1 1

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4 1 1 2


Page 26 of 43

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A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency List method

1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit

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Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Page 27 of 43
Ex: 5b GRAPH TRAVERSAL
Date:

Aim:

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To write a C program implement DFS and BFS graph traversal.

Algorithm:
DFS
1. Define a Stack of size total number of vertices in the graph.

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2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and push it on
to the Stack.
3. Visit any one of the adjacent vertex of the verex which is at top of the stack
which is not visited and push it on to the stack.
4. Repeat step 3 until there are no new vertex to be visit from the vertex on top of

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the stack.
5. When there is no new vertex to be visit then use back tracking and pop one
vertex from the stack.
6. Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 until stack becomes Empty.
7. When stack becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing

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unused edges from the graph

BFS
1. Define a Queue of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and insert it into

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the Queue.
3. Visit all the adjacent vertices of the verex which is at front of the Queue which is
not visited and insert them into the Queue.
4. When there is no new vertex to be visit from the vertex at front of the Queue then
delete that vertex from the Queue.

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5. Repeat step 3 and 4 until queue becomes empty.
6. When queue becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph
Sample Output:
Page 28 of 43

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement graph representation, Adjacency matrix and Adjacency
List, DFS and BFS are executed successfully and the outputs are verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:
1. Define Graph
2. List the operations of graph.

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3. What are the different representations of graphs
4. What are the two different graph traversals
5. Define DFS.
6. Define BFS.
7. List the application of DFS.

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8. List the application of BFS.
9. Define Indegree
10. Define Outdegree.

Page 29 of 43

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Ex: 6 IMPLEMENTATION OF SEARCHING ALGORITHMS
Date LINEAR SEARCH AND BINARY SEARCH


Aim:

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To write a C Program to implement different searching techniques Linear and Binary
search.

Algorithm:

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Linear Search:
1. Read the search element from the user
2. Compare, the search element with the first element in the list.
3. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the function
4. If both are not matching, then compare search element with the next element in the list.

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5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the search element is compared with the last element in the list.
6. If the last element in the list is also doesn't match, then display "Element not found!!!" and
terminate the function.
Binary search is implemented using following steps...
1. Read the search element from the user

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2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare, the search element with the middle element in the sorted list.
4. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the
function
5. If both are not matching, then check whether the search element is smaller or

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larger than middle element.
6. If the search element is smaller than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and
5 for the left sublist of the middle element.
7. If the search element is larger than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and 5
for the right sublist of the middle element.

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8. Repeat the same process until we find the search element in the list or until sublist
contains only one element.
9. If that element also doesn't match with the search element, then display "Element
not found in the list!!!" and terminate the function.
Sample Output:

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Linear Search
Enter size of the list: 4 Enter any
4 integer values: 4 8 1 9
Enter the element to be Search: 9
Page 30 of 43

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Element is found at 3 index

...Program finished with exit code 10

Binary Search

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Enter the size of the list: 4 Enter 4 i
nteger values in Assending order 1 6 9 12

Enter value to be search: 9
Element found at index 2.

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement Linear search and binary search are executed
successfully and output are verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:
1. Define Search
2. Define Sequential Search.
3. What is Linear Search

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4. What is the time complexity of linear search
5. What is Binary Search
6. What is the time complexity of linear search
7. List the application of Linear Search.
8. List the application of Binary Search. Page 31 of 43

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Ex: 7 IMPLEMENTATION OF SORTING ALGORITHMS BUBBLE SORT, RADIX SORT,
SHELL SORT

Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement different sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Radix Sort,
Shell Sort

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Algorithm:
Bubble Sort:
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement Bubble sort

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Step 1: Repeat Steps 2 and 3 for i=1 to 10
Step 2: Set j=1
Step 3: Repeat while j<=n
(A) if a[i] < a[j]
Then interchange a[i] and a[j]

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[End of if]
(B) Set j = j+1
[End of Inner Loop]
[End of Step 1 Outer Loop]
Step 4: Exit

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4. Stop the program

Shell Sort
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].

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3. Implement shell sort
4. Stop the program

Radix Sort
1. Read the value of n

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2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement radix sort
4. Stop the program
Page 32 of 43
Sample Output

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Bubble sort


Shell sort
Enter total no. of elements : 10

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Enter numbers : 36 432 43 44 57 63 94 3 5 6
Sorted array is : 3 5 6 36 43 44 57 63 94 432


Radix sort

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$ gcc RadixSort.c
$ ./a.out
Enter total no. of elements : 8
Enter numbers : 802 2 24 45 66 75 90 170
Sorted array is : 2 24 45 66 75 90 170 802

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement different sorting algorithms are executed successfully
and outputs are verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement different sorting algorithms.
Viva Voce:
1. What is sorting
2. What are the different types of sorting
3. What is Bubble sort

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4. What is Radix sort
5. What is Shell sort
6. What is insertion sort
Page 33 of 43
7. Mention about Selection sort.

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8. Compare Bubble and Radix sort.
9. Compare Shell sort and Bubble sort
10. Compare Shell and Radix sort

Page 34 of 43

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Ex. No: 8 IMPLEMENTATION OF HEAP
DATE:

Aim:
To write a Cprogram to implement heap data structure

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Algorithm:
1. Start the program
2. Initially, declare n=0 for number of nodes in the heap
3. By using while, create a menu for all operations of heaps

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4. Perform all the operation and display the result
5. Stop the program

Output:
$ cc pgm66.c

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$ a.out
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 30
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 50
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element

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3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 70
1.Insert the element

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2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Enter the elements to be deleted from the list: 10

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10 not found in heap list
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 2
Enter the elements to be deleted from the list: 50
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
Page 35 of 43

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3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 100
1.Insert the element

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2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
100 30 70

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1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement heap is executed successfully and output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement heap data structure.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is heap
2. What are called heap property
3. List the operations of heap.
4. What is order property

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5. What is Shape property
6. What is Priority queue
7. List the applications of heap.
8. List the types of heap.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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Page 1 of 43


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

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To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION

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MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE

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To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice

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this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that

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will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the

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same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools

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f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms

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i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures

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To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs

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5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms

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10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem

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Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1.a)

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Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

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2.
Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

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3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)

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Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

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4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

5.
a. Graph Representation

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b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

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7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.
Implementation of Heaps

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9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.

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Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

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Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.

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Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).

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4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one

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(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

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Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------

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1.PUSH
2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1

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Enter a value to be pushed:12

Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

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Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

98
24

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12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

The popped elements is 98

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Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

24

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12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

EXIT POINT

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

Applications:
1. Expression evaluation

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2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().

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3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.

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If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)

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If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).

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5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.

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Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

Output:

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 10

1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3

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Queue is :
15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

Page 11 of 43
Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

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Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array
3. Define ADT.

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4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack

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9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT

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DATE

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.

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List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N

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Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.

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Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.

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delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L

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undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

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Output:
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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Page 13 of 43
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3

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Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56

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The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
56

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71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2

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Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

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Page 14 of 43
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:
67

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69
71
Do You Want to continue: N

Result:

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Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:

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1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is array
2. Define ADT.

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3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full

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8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

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Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.

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2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.
5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack

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Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.
Finally, set top = newNode.

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6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.

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4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.

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3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp
reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Output
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 3
Page 16 of 43
Insertion Success

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

Insertion Success
****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:2

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Deleted Element: 5

****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:3
3-> NULL

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:4
...Program finished with exit code 0
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in memory management
2.

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Page 17 of 43

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.

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4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.
5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue
Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.
Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)

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If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.
If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.
6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate

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from the function
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.
Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying queue of elements
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).

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If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.
Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'
reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).
Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Sample Output

:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

Ex. No. : 3b
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Page 18 of 43
Insertion is Success!!!

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 7

Insertion is Success!!!

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Deleted element : 5
****** MENU ******
1. Insert

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2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
7 >>> NULL

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked
list
Applications:
1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue
2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an

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order, until a service representative is free.
3.

Page 19 of 43

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main

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function program by through #include< Llist.h >
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n

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First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N

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Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L

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If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L

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undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)

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7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

Sample Output:

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List Adt Using Linked List
1.Create
2.Insert
Ex. No. : 3c
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
Page 20 of 43
3.Delete

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4.MakeEmpty
5.Find
6.IsEmpty
7.Display
8.Deletelist

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9.Exit
Enter ur Option: 1
List is Created.
Enter ur Option: 2
Enter the value: 100

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Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 200
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 300
Enter the Option: 2

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Enter the value: 400
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 500
Enter the Option: 7
100

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200
300
400
500
Enter the Option: 3

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Enter the value to delete: 200
Enter the Option: 7
100
300
400

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500
Enter the Option: 5
Enter the value to Find: 400
Element present in the list
Enter the Option: 6

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List contains some Elements
Enter the Option: 4
Now list is empty
Enter the Option: 8
List is deleted

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Enter the Option: 2
List is not created
Enter the Option: 10
*******WRONG ENTRY******
Enter the Option: 9

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Result:
Page 21 of 43
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort

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Viva Voce:
1. What is list
2. Define ADT.
3. What is linked List
4. What are the different operations involved in List

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5. How the search operation works in list
6. How will you find the list is full
7. How will you find the list is empty
8. Define pointers in c.
9. How the list used in computer memory

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10. What are the different types of linked list Page 22 of 43
EX . No: 4a APPLICATION OF STACK
DATE

Aim:

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To write a C program to convert infix expression to postfix expression

Algorithm:
1. Push (onto Stack, and add ) to the end of X.
2. Scan X from left to right and repeat Step 3 to 6 for each element of X until the Stack is

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empty.
3. If an operand is encountered, add it to Y.
4. If a left parenthesis is encountered, push it onto Stack.
5. If an operator is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) which

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has the same precedence as or higher precedence than operator.
2. Add operator to Stack.
[End of If]
6. If a right parenthesis is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) until

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a left parenthesis is encountered.
2. Remove the left Parenthesis.
[End of If]
[End of If]
7. END.

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Sample Output:
Enter Infix expression : A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G)*H
Postfix Expression: ABC*DEF^/G*-H*+Fir

Enter Infix expression : (3^2*5)/(3*2-3)+5

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Postfix Expression: 32^5*32*3-/5+

Result:
Thus the C program to convert infix to postfix is executed successfully and the output is
verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement infix to postfix by using stack
Page 23 of 43

Ex: 4b APPLICATION OF LIST POLYNOMIAL ADDITION

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Date:


Aim:
To write a C program to add two polynomials

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Algorithm:
Algorithm to add two polynomials using linked list is as follows:-
Let p and q be the two polynomials represented by linked lists
1. While p and q are not null, repeat step 2.

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2. If powers of the two terms are equal
then if the terms do not cancel
then insert the sum of the terms into the sum Polynomial
Advance p
Advance q

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Else if the power of the first polynomial> power of second
Then insert the term from first polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance p
Else insert the term from second polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance q

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3. copy the remaining terms from the non empty polynomial into the sum polynomial.
The third step of the algorithm is to be processed till the end of the polynomials has not been
reached.

Sample Output:

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Create 1st expression
Enter Coeff:1
Enter Pow:2
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 1st expression

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The polynomial expression is:
1x^2
Page 24 of 43
Create 2nd expression
Enter Coeff:2

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Enter Pow:3
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 2nd expression
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3

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The polynomial expression is:
2x^3 + 1x^2
Add two more expressions (Y = 1/N = 0): 0
...Program finished with exit code 0

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement polynomial addition by using linked list is executed
successfully and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement polynomial addition by using linked list

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Viva Voce:
1. What is Stack
2. List the operations of stack.
3. What is linked List
4. What is the format of infix expression

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5. What is the format of postfix expression Page 25 of 43
Ex: 5a GRAPH REPRESENTATIONS
Date:

Aim:

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To write a C program implement adjacent matrix and adjacency list

Algorithm:
1. Create a graph with getting no. of vertices and no. of edges
2. Implement adjacency matrix

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3. Implement adjacency list
4. Close the program

Sample Output:
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency Matrix method

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1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit

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Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertex In_Degree Out_Degree Total_Degree

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1 2 0 2

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2 1 2 3



3 0 1 1

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4 1 1 2

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Page 26 of 43
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency List method

1. Directed Graph

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2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit
Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

Page 27 of 43
Ex: 5b GRAPH TRAVERSAL
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program implement DFS and BFS graph traversal.

Algorithm:

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DFS
1. Define a Stack of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and push it on
to the Stack.
3. Visit any one of the adjacent vertex of the verex which is at top of the stack

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which is not visited and push it on to the stack.
4. Repeat step 3 until there are no new vertex to be visit from the vertex on top of
the stack.
5. When there is no new vertex to be visit then use back tracking and pop one
vertex from the stack.

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6. Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 until stack becomes Empty.
7. When stack becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph

BFS

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1. Define a Queue of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and insert it into
the Queue.
3. Visit all the adjacent vertices of the verex which is at front of the Queue which is
not visited and insert them into the Queue.

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4. When there is no new vertex to be visit from the vertex at front of the Queue then
delete that vertex from the Queue.
5. Repeat step 3 and 4 until queue becomes empty.
6. When queue becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph

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Sample Output:
Page 28 of 43

Result:
Thus the C programs to implement graph representation, Adjacency matrix and Adjacency

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List, DFS and BFS are executed successfully and the outputs are verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:

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1. Define Graph
2. List the operations of graph.
3. What are the different representations of graphs
4. What are the two different graph traversals
5. Define DFS.

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6. Define BFS.
7. List the application of DFS.
8. List the application of BFS.
9. Define Indegree
10. Define Outdegree.

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Page 29 of 43
Ex: 6 IMPLEMENTATION OF SEARCHING ALGORITHMS
Date LINEAR SEARCH AND BINARY SEARCH

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Aim:
To write a C Program to implement different searching techniques Linear and Binary
search.

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Algorithm:

Linear Search:
1. Read the search element from the user
2. Compare, the search element with the first element in the list.

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3. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the function
4. If both are not matching, then compare search element with the next element in the list.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the search element is compared with the last element in the list.
6. If the last element in the list is also doesn't match, then display "Element not found!!!" and
terminate the function.

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Binary search is implemented using following steps...
1. Read the search element from the user
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare, the search element with the middle element in the sorted list.
4. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the

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function
5. If both are not matching, then check whether the search element is smaller or
larger than middle element.
6. If the search element is smaller than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and
5 for the left sublist of the middle element.

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7. If the search element is larger than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and 5
for the right sublist of the middle element.
8. Repeat the same process until we find the search element in the list or until sublist
contains only one element.
9. If that element also doesn't match with the search element, then display "Element

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not found in the list!!!" and terminate the function.
Sample Output:
Linear Search
Enter size of the list: 4 Enter any
4 integer values: 4 8 1 9

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Enter the element to be Search: 9
Page 30 of 43
Element is found at 3 index

...Program finished with exit code 10

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Binary Search
Enter the size of the list: 4 Enter 4 i
nteger values in Assending order 1 6 9 12

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Enter value to be search: 9
Element found at index 2.

Result:
Thus the C programs to implement Linear search and binary search are executed

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successfully and output are verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:
1. Define Search

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2. Define Sequential Search.
3. What is Linear Search
4. What is the time complexity of linear search
5. What is Binary Search
6. What is the time complexity of linear search

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7. List the application of Linear Search.
8. List the application of Binary Search. Page 31 of 43
Ex: 7 IMPLEMENTATION OF SORTING ALGORITHMS BUBBLE SORT, RADIX SORT,
SHELL SORT

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Date:


Aim:
To write a C program to implement different sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Radix Sort,

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Shell Sort

Algorithm:
Bubble Sort:
1. Read the value of n

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2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement Bubble sort
Step 1: Repeat Steps 2 and 3 for i=1 to 10
Step 2: Set j=1
Step 3: Repeat while j<=n

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(A) if a[i] < a[j]
Then interchange a[i] and a[j]
[End of if]
(B) Set j = j+1
[End of Inner Loop]

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[End of Step 1 Outer Loop]
Step 4: Exit
4. Stop the program

Shell Sort

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1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement shell sort
4. Stop the program

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Radix Sort
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement radix sort
4. Stop the program

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Page 32 of 43
Sample Output
Bubble sort

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Shell sort
Enter total no. of elements : 10
Enter numbers : 36 432 43 44 57 63 94 3 5 6
Sorted array is : 3 5 6 36 43 44 57 63 94 432

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Radix sort
$ gcc RadixSort.c
$ ./a.out
Enter total no. of elements : 8

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Enter numbers : 802 2 24 45 66 75 90 170
Sorted array is : 2 24 45 66 75 90 170 802

Result:
Thus the C programs to implement different sorting algorithms are executed successfully

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and outputs are verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement different sorting algorithms.
Viva Voce:
1. What is sorting

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2. What are the different types of sorting
3. What is Bubble sort
4. What is Radix sort
5. What is Shell sort
6. What is insertion sort

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Page 33 of 43
7. Mention about Selection sort.
8. Compare Bubble and Radix sort.
9. Compare Shell sort and Bubble sort
10. Compare Shell and Radix sort

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Page 34 of 43
Ex. No: 8 IMPLEMENTATION OF HEAP
DATE:

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Aim:
To write a Cprogram to implement heap data structure

Algorithm:
1. Start the program

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2. Initially, declare n=0 for number of nodes in the heap
3. By using while, create a menu for all operations of heaps
4. Perform all the operation and display the result
5. Stop the program

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Output:
$ cc pgm66.c
$ a.out
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element

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3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 30
1.Insert the element

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2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 50

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1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 70
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 2
Enter the elements to be deleted from the list: 10
10 not found in heap list
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element

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3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Enter the elements to be deleted from the list: 50
1.Insert the element

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2.Delete the element
Page 35 of 43
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 100
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 3
100 30 70
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

Result:
Thus the C programs to implement heap is executed successfully and output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement heap data structure.
Viva Voce:
1. What is heap
2. What are called heap property

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3. List the operations of heap.
4. What is order property
5. What is Shape property
6. What is Priority queue
7. List the applications of heap.

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8. List the types of heap.
Page 36 of 43
Ex. No: 9 IMPLEMENTATION OF BINARY TREE & ITS OPERATIONS
DATE:

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Aim:
To write a Cprogram to implement binary tree and its operation

Algorithm:

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1. Start the program
2. Create a tree
3. Perform the Insertion, Deletion and Search operation
4. Display Preorder, Postorder, Inorder traversal data
5. Stop the program

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Sample Output

> IN ORDER -

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> 0 2 2 8 9 9 16 17 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 23 26 28 29 35 37 40 41 45 50 51 54 62 63 6
3 64 66 66 68 69 7
0 71 73 75 76 76 78 79 79 80 83 83 85 86 89 91 91 95 96 96 101 101 101 102 103 104 10
4 104 106 107 108 108 109 111 112
113 114 115 115 115 116 117 117 119 120 123 124 125 127 127 129 129 129 130 130 1

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34 134 137 139 139 140 142 143 143

> PRE ORDER -
> 127 101 21 21 2 2 0 8 20 18 16 9 9 17 19 19 20 96 51 22 35 26 23 28 29 37 45 40 41 5
0 79 76 66 66 63 5

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4 63 62 64 73 68 69 71 70 76 75 79 78 89 86 80 83 83 85 91 91 95 96 101 101 116 108 1
02 107 106 104 104 103 104 108 11
3 112 109 111 115 115 115 114 120 117 117 119 127 125 124 123 129 129 129 140 137
134 134 130 130 139 139 143 142 143

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> POST ORDER -
> 0 2 9 9 17 16 19 20 19 18 20 8 2 21 23 29 28 26 41 40 50 45 37 35 22 62 63 54 64 63 6
6 70 71 69 68 75
76 73 66 78 79 76 83 85 83 80 86 91 96 95 91 89 79 51 101 101 96 21 104 103 104 104
106 108 107 102 111 109 112 114 1

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15 115 115 113 108 117 119 117 123 124 125 127 120 116 101 129 129 130 130 134 134
139 139 137 143 142 143 140 129 127

> TEST SEARCH:
- 2

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- 8
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


III SEMESTER - R 2017

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CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY



Name : _______________________________________

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Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL

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Page 2 of 43

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

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To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price

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tag on heart and soul
VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

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2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

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3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

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4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

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5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution

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e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable

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h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT

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3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees

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8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques

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TOTAL: 60 PERIODS


Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations

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Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data

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storage and retrieval

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page

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No.
1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)

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Array implementation of Queue ADT

2.
Array implementation of List ADT

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3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

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3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)

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Application of Stack ADT

4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

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5.
a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.

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Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

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8.
Implementation of Heaps

9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

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10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11

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Implementation of Hashing Technique

Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.

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2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and

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terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.

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Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.

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6. Close the program

Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

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STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------
1.PUSH
2.POP
3.DISPLAY

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4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

Enter the Choice:1

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Enter a value to be pushed:24

Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

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Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

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98
24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

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The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

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24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

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EXIT POINT

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and

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the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

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Applications:
1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:

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1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)

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If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element

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from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then

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display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)

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Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

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Output:
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

1.Insert element to queue

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Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2

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Element deleted from queue is : 10

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :
15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

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Page 11 of 43
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.

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2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.


Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure

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2. What is array
3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack

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7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue

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Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),

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display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n

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ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows

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(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined

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5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required

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element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence

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8. Close the program

Output:
Main Menu
1. Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
Page 13 of 43
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69

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Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4

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Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56
The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:
67

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69
56
71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

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1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2
Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position

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Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
Page 14 of 43
1.Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5

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The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
71
Do You Want to continue: N

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:

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1. What is array
2. Define ADT.
3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List

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6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full
8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.

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11.

Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:

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1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable

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function calls in the main method.
5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack
Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.

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If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.
Finally, set top = newNode.
6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate

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the function
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.
4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying stack of elements

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1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp
reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).

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5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Output
****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 3

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Page 16 of 43
Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

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Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:2
Deleted Element: 5

****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:3

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3-> NULL

****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:4
...Program finished with exit code 0
Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list
Applications:

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1. It is very much useful in memory management
2.
Page 17 of 43

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.

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2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.
5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue

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Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.
Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)
If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.
If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.
6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue

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Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
from the function
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.
Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).

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7. display() - Displaying queue of elements
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.
Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'

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reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).
Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Sample Output

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:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

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Ex. No. : 3b
Date:


LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT

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Page 18 of 43
Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******
1. Insert

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2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 7

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Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******
1. Insert

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2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Deleted element : 5

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice: 3
7 >>> NULL

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully

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and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked
list
Applications:

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1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue
2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an
order, until a service representative is free.
3.

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Page 19 of 43

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main
function program by through #include< Llist.h >
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().

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3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,

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Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)

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4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element

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from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.

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returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

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Sample Output:
List Adt Using Linked List
1.Create
2.Insert

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Ex. No. : 3c
Date:


LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT

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Page 20 of 43
3.Delete
4.MakeEmpty
5.Find
6.IsEmpty

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7.Display
8.Deletelist
9.Exit
Enter ur Option: 1
List is Created.

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Enter ur Option: 2
Enter the value: 100
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 200
Enter the Option: 2

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Enter the value: 300
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 400
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 500

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Enter the Option: 7
100
200
300
400

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500
Enter the Option: 3
Enter the value to delete: 200
Enter the Option: 7
100

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300
400
500
Enter the Option: 5
Enter the value to Find: 400

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Element present in the list
Enter the Option: 6
List contains some Elements
Enter the Option: 4
Now list is empty

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Enter the Option: 8
List is deleted
Enter the Option: 2
List is not created
Enter the Option: 10

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*******WRONG ENTRY******
Enter the Option: 9

Result:
Page 21 of 43

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Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using linked list
Applications:

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1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is list
2. Define ADT.

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3. What is linked List
4. What are the different operations involved in List
5. How the search operation works in list
6. How will you find the list is full
7. How will you find the list is empty

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8. Define pointers in c.
9. How the list used in computer memory
10. What are the different types of linked list Page 22 of 43
EX . No: 4a APPLICATION OF STACK
DATE

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Aim:
To write a C program to convert infix expression to postfix expression

Algorithm:

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1. Push (onto Stack, and add ) to the end of X.
2. Scan X from left to right and repeat Step 3 to 6 for each element of X until the Stack is
empty.
3. If an operand is encountered, add it to Y.
4. If a left parenthesis is encountered, push it onto Stack.

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5. If an operator is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) which
has the same precedence as or higher precedence than operator.
2. Add operator to Stack.
[End of If]

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6. If a right parenthesis is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) until
a left parenthesis is encountered.
2. Remove the left Parenthesis.
[End of If]

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[End of If]
7. END.
Sample Output:
Enter Infix expression : A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G)*H
Postfix Expression: ABC*DEF^/G*-H*+Fir

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Enter Infix expression : (3^2*5)/(3*2-3)+5
Postfix Expression: 32^5*32*3-/5+

Result:

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Thus the C program to convert infix to postfix is executed successfully and the output is
verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement infix to postfix by using stack
Page 23 of 43

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Ex: 4b APPLICATION OF LIST POLYNOMIAL ADDITION
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to add two polynomials

Algorithm:
Algorithm to add two polynomials using linked list is as follows:-

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Let p and q be the two polynomials represented by linked lists
1. While p and q are not null, repeat step 2.
2. If powers of the two terms are equal
then if the terms do not cancel
then insert the sum of the terms into the sum Polynomial

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Advance p
Advance q
Else if the power of the first polynomial> power of second
Then insert the term from first polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance p

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Else insert the term from second polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance q
3. copy the remaining terms from the non empty polynomial into the sum polynomial.
The third step of the algorithm is to be processed till the end of the polynomials has not been
reached.

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Sample Output:
Create 1st expression
Enter Coeff:1
Enter Pow:2

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Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 1st expression
The polynomial expression is:
1x^2
Page 24 of 43

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Create 2nd expression
Enter Coeff:2
Enter Pow:3
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 2nd expression

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The polynomial expression is:
2x^3
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3 + 1x^2
Add two more expressions (Y = 1/N = 0): 0

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...Program finished with exit code 0

Result:
Thus the C program to implement polynomial addition by using linked list is executed
successfully and the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement polynomial addition by using linked list
Viva Voce:
1. What is Stack
2. List the operations of stack.

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3. What is linked List
4. What is the format of infix expression
5. What is the format of postfix expression Page 25 of 43
Ex: 5a GRAPH REPRESENTATIONS
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program implement adjacent matrix and adjacency list

Algorithm:

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1. Create a graph with getting no. of vertices and no. of edges
2. Implement adjacency matrix
3. Implement adjacency list
4. Close the program

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Sample Output:
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency Matrix method

1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph

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3. Exit

Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertex In_Degree Out_Degree Total_Degree

1 2 0 2

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2 1 2 3

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3 0 1 1

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4 1 1 2


Page 26 of 43
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency List method

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1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit
Select a proper option :

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How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

Page 27 of 43

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Ex: 5b GRAPH TRAVERSAL
Date:

Aim:
To write a C program implement DFS and BFS graph traversal.

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Algorithm:
DFS
1. Define a Stack of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and push it on

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to the Stack.
3. Visit any one of the adjacent vertex of the verex which is at top of the stack
which is not visited and push it on to the stack.
4. Repeat step 3 until there are no new vertex to be visit from the vertex on top of
the stack.

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5. When there is no new vertex to be visit then use back tracking and pop one
vertex from the stack.
6. Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 until stack becomes Empty.
7. When stack becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph

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BFS
1. Define a Queue of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and insert it into
the Queue.

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3. Visit all the adjacent vertices of the verex which is at front of the Queue which is
not visited and insert them into the Queue.
4. When there is no new vertex to be visit from the vertex at front of the Queue then
delete that vertex from the Queue.
5. Repeat step 3 and 4 until queue becomes empty.

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6. When queue becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph
Sample Output:
Page 28 of 43

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement graph representation, Adjacency matrix and Adjacency
List, DFS and BFS are executed successfully and the outputs are verified.

Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:
1. Define Graph
2. List the operations of graph.
3. What are the different representations of graphs

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4. What are the two different graph traversals
5. Define DFS.
6. Define BFS.
7. List the application of DFS.
8. List the application of BFS.

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9. Define Indegree
10. Define Outdegree.

Page 29 of 43
Ex: 6 IMPLEMENTATION OF SEARCHING ALGORITHMS

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Date LINEAR SEARCH AND BINARY SEARCH


Aim:
To write a C Program to implement different searching techniques Linear and Binary

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search.

Algorithm:

Linear Search:

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1. Read the search element from the user
2. Compare, the search element with the first element in the list.
3. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the function
4. If both are not matching, then compare search element with the next element in the list.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the search element is compared with the last element in the list.

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6. If the last element in the list is also doesn't match, then display "Element not found!!!" and
terminate the function.
Binary search is implemented using following steps...
1. Read the search element from the user
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list

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3. Compare, the search element with the middle element in the sorted list.
4. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the
function
5. If both are not matching, then check whether the search element is smaller or
larger than middle element.

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6. If the search element is smaller than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and
5 for the left sublist of the middle element.
7. If the search element is larger than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and 5
for the right sublist of the middle element.
8. Repeat the same process until we find the search element in the list or until sublist

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contains only one element.
9. If that element also doesn't match with the search element, then display "Element
not found in the list!!!" and terminate the function.
Sample Output:
Linear Search

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Enter size of the list: 4 Enter any
4 integer values: 4 8 1 9
Enter the element to be Search: 9
Page 30 of 43
Element is found at 3 index

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...Program finished with exit code 10

Binary Search
Enter the size of the list: 4 Enter 4 i

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nteger values in Assending order 1 6 9 12

Enter value to be search: 9
Element found at index 2.

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement Linear search and binary search are executed
successfully and output are verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.

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Viva Voce:
1. Define Search
2. Define Sequential Search.
3. What is Linear Search
4. What is the time complexity of linear search

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5. What is Binary Search
6. What is the time complexity of linear search
7. List the application of Linear Search.
8. List the application of Binary Search. Page 31 of 43
Ex: 7 IMPLEMENTATION OF SORTING ALGORITHMS BUBBLE SORT, RADIX SORT,

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SHELL SORT

Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement different sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Radix Sort,
Shell Sort

Algorithm:

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Bubble Sort:
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement Bubble sort
Step 1: Repeat Steps 2 and 3 for i=1 to 10

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Step 2: Set j=1
Step 3: Repeat while j<=n
(A) if a[i] < a[j]
Then interchange a[i] and a[j]
[End of if]

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(B) Set j = j+1
[End of Inner Loop]
[End of Step 1 Outer Loop]
Step 4: Exit
4. Stop the program

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Shell Sort
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement shell sort

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4. Stop the program

Radix Sort
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].

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3. Implement radix sort
4. Stop the program
Page 32 of 43
Sample Output
Bubble sort

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Shell sort
Enter total no. of elements : 10
Enter numbers : 36 432 43 44 57 63 94 3 5 6

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Sorted array is : 3 5 6 36 43 44 57 63 94 432


Radix sort
$ gcc RadixSort.c

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$ ./a.out
Enter total no. of elements : 8
Enter numbers : 802 2 24 45 66 75 90 170
Sorted array is : 2 24 45 66 75 90 170 802

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement different sorting algorithms are executed successfully
and outputs are verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement different sorting algorithms.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is sorting
2. What are the different types of sorting
3. What is Bubble sort
4. What is Radix sort

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5. What is Shell sort
6. What is insertion sort
Page 33 of 43
7. Mention about Selection sort.
8. Compare Bubble and Radix sort.

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9. Compare Shell sort and Bubble sort
10. Compare Shell and Radix sort

Page 34 of 43
Ex. No: 8 IMPLEMENTATION OF HEAP

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DATE:

Aim:
To write a Cprogram to implement heap data structure

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Algorithm:
1. Start the program
2. Initially, declare n=0 for number of nodes in the heap
3. By using while, create a menu for all operations of heaps
4. Perform all the operation and display the result

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5. Stop the program

Output:
$ cc pgm66.c
$ a.out

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1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 30
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 50
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 70
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element

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3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Enter the elements to be deleted from the list: 10
10 not found in heap list

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1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2

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Enter the elements to be deleted from the list: 50
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
Page 35 of 43
3.Display all elements

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 100
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element

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3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
100 30 70
1.Insert the element

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2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement heap is executed successfully and output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement heap data structure.
Viva Voce:

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1. What is heap
2. What are called heap property
3. List the operations of heap.
4. What is order property
5. What is Shape property

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6. What is Priority queue
7. List the applications of heap.
8. List the types of heap.
Page 36 of 43
Ex. No: 9 IMPLEMENTATION OF BINARY TREE & ITS OPERATIONS

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DATE:


Aim:
To write a Cprogram to implement binary tree and its operation

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Algorithm:
1. Start the program
2. Create a tree
3. Perform the Insertion, Deletion and Search operation

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4. Display Preorder, Postorder, Inorder traversal data
5. Stop the program


Sample Output

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> IN ORDER -
> 0 2 2 8 9 9 16 17 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 23 26 28 29 35 37 40 41 45 50 51 54 62 63 6
3 64 66 66 68 69 7
0 71 73 75 76 76 78 79 79 80 83 83 85 86 89 91 91 95 96 96 101 101 101 102 103 104 10

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4 104 106 107 108 108 109 111 112
113 114 115 115 115 116 117 117 119 120 123 124 125 127 127 129 129 129 130 130 1
34 134 137 139 139 140 142 143 143

> PRE ORDER -

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> 127 101 21 21 2 2 0 8 20 18 16 9 9 17 19 19 20 96 51 22 35 26 23 28 29 37 45 40 41 5
0 79 76 66 66 63 5
4 63 62 64 73 68 69 71 70 76 75 79 78 89 86 80 83 83 85 91 91 95 96 101 101 116 108 1
02 107 106 104 104 103 104 108 11
3 112 109 111 115 115 115 114 120 117 117 119 127 125 124 123 129 129 129 140 137

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134 134 130 130 139 139 143 142 143

> POST ORDER -
> 0 2 9 9 17 16 19 20 19 18 20 8 2 21 23 29 28 26 41 40 50 45 37 35 22 62 63 54 64 63 6
6 70 71 69 68 75

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76 73 66 78 79 76 83 85 83 80 86 91 96 95 91 89 79 51 101 101 96 21 104 103 104 104
106 108 107 102 111 109 112 114 1
15 115 115 113 108 117 119 117 123 124 125 127 120 116 101 129 129 130 130 134 134
139 139 137 143 142 143 140 129 127

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> TEST SEARCH:
- 2
- 8
Page 37 of 43
- 9

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- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20

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- 21
- 22
- 23
- 26
- 28

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- 29
- 35
- 37
- 40
- 41

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- 45
- 50
- 51
- 54
- 62

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- 63
- 64
- 66
- 68
- 69

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- 70
- 71
- 73
- 75
- 76

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- 78
- 79
- 80
- 83
- 85

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- 86
- 89
- 91
- 95
- 96

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< SUCCESS > = 43 < FAILED > = 57

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...Program finished with exit code 0


FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and

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enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION
MISSION

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Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS

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To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to

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identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to

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design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable

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them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer

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Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career

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c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society

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g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with

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coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

Page 5 of 43

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CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees

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To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees

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6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs

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11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given

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problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

COURSE OUTCOMES

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COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

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1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

2.

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Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

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3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

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4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

4. b)

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Application of Queue ADT

5.
a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

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6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

7.

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Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.
Implementation of Heaps

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9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

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11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

Page 7 of 43

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Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)

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Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.

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Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).

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5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display

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stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

Sample output :

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Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------
1.PUSH

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2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

Page 8 of 43

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

98
24
12

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Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

24
12

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Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

EXIT POINT

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

Applications:
1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43

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Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end

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of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =

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value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and

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terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the

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queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same

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until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

Output:
1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 30

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :

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15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 4

Page 11 of 43
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and

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the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

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Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array
3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack

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5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack

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10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:

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1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n

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First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N

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Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L

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If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L

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undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)

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7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

Output:

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Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
Page 13 of 43

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the number of nodes 3

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Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

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1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56
The list after insertion:

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The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
56
71

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Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2
Enter the position u want to delete: 2

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The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3

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Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
Page 14 of 43

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1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69

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71
Do You Want to continue: N

Result:
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the

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output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.

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Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is array
2. Define ADT.
3. What is List

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4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full
8. How will you find the list is empty

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9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

Page 15 of 43

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Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.

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3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.
5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack
Create a newNode with given value.

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Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.
Finally, set top = newNode.
6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack

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1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.
4. Then set 'top = top next'.

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5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.

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4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp
reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Output

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 3
Page 16 of 43
Insertion Success
****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1

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Enter the value to be insert: 5

Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:2
Deleted Element: 5

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:3
3-> NULL

****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:4

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...Program finished with exit code 0
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in memory management
2.
Page 17 of 43

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:

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1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable

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function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.
5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue
Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.
Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)
If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.

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If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.
6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
from the function

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If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.
Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying queue of elements
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.

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If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.
Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'
reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).
Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Sample Output

:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

****** MENU ******

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1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1

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Enter the value to be insert: 5

Ex. No. : 3b
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Page 18 of 43
Insertion is Success!!!

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 7

Insertion is Success!!!

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice: 2
Deleted element : 5
****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
7 >>> NULL

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked

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list
Applications:
1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue
2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an
order, until a service representative is free.

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3.

Page 19 of 43

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main
function program by through #include< Llist.h >

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2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1

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Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.

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Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end

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If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist

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6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list

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print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

Sample Output:
List Adt Using Linked List

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1.Create
2.Insert
Ex. No. : 3c
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
Page 20 of 43
3.Delete
4.MakeEmpty

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5.Find
6.IsEmpty
7.Display
8.Deletelist
9.Exit

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Enter ur Option: 1
List is Created.
Enter ur Option: 2
Enter the value: 100
Enter the Option: 2

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Enter the value: 200
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 300
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 400

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Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 500
Enter the Option: 7
100
200

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300
400
500
Enter the Option: 3
Enter the value to delete: 200

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Enter the Option: 7
100
300
400
500

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Enter the Option: 5
Enter the value to Find: 400
Element present in the list
Enter the Option: 6
List contains some Elements

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Enter the Option: 4
Now list is empty
Enter the Option: 8
List is deleted
Enter the Option: 2

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List is not created
Enter the Option: 10
*******WRONG ENTRY******
Enter the Option: 9

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Result:
Page 21 of 43
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:

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1. What is list
2. Define ADT.
3. What is linked List
4. What are the different operations involved in List
5. How the search operation works in list

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6. How will you find the list is full
7. How will you find the list is empty
8. Define pointers in c.
9. How the list used in computer memory
10. What are the different types of linked list Page 22 of 43

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EX . No: 4a APPLICATION OF STACK
DATE

Aim:
To write a C program to convert infix expression to postfix expression

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Algorithm:
1. Push (onto Stack, and add ) to the end of X.
2. Scan X from left to right and repeat Step 3 to 6 for each element of X until the Stack is
empty.

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3. If an operand is encountered, add it to Y.
4. If a left parenthesis is encountered, push it onto Stack.
5. If an operator is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) which
has the same precedence as or higher precedence than operator.

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2. Add operator to Stack.
[End of If]
6. If a right parenthesis is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) until
a left parenthesis is encountered.

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2. Remove the left Parenthesis.
[End of If]
[End of If]
7. END.
Sample Output:

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Enter Infix expression : A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G)*H
Postfix Expression: ABC*DEF^/G*-H*+Fir

Enter Infix expression : (3^2*5)/(3*2-3)+5
Postfix Expression: 32^5*32*3-/5+

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Result:
Thus the C program to convert infix to postfix is executed successfully and the output is
verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement infix to postfix by using stack
Page 23 of 43

Ex: 4b APPLICATION OF LIST POLYNOMIAL ADDITION
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to add two polynomials

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Algorithm:
Algorithm to add two polynomials using linked list is as follows:-
Let p and q be the two polynomials represented by linked lists
1. While p and q are not null, repeat step 2.
2. If powers of the two terms are equal

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then if the terms do not cancel
then insert the sum of the terms into the sum Polynomial
Advance p
Advance q
Else if the power of the first polynomial> power of second

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Then insert the term from first polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance p
Else insert the term from second polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance q
3. copy the remaining terms from the non empty polynomial into the sum polynomial.

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The third step of the algorithm is to be processed till the end of the polynomials has not been
reached.

Sample Output:
Create 1st expression

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Enter Coeff:1
Enter Pow:2
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 1st expression
The polynomial expression is:

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1x^2
Page 24 of 43
Create 2nd expression
Enter Coeff:2
Enter Pow:3

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Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 2nd expression
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3
The polynomial expression is:

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2x^3 + 1x^2
Add two more expressions (Y = 1/N = 0): 0
...Program finished with exit code 0

Result:

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Thus the C program to implement polynomial addition by using linked list is executed
successfully and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement polynomial addition by using linked list
Viva Voce:

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1. What is Stack
2. List the operations of stack.
3. What is linked List
4. What is the format of infix expression
5. What is the format of postfix expression Page 25 of 43

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Ex: 5a GRAPH REPRESENTATIONS
Date:

Aim:
To write a C program implement adjacent matrix and adjacency list

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Algorithm:
1. Create a graph with getting no. of vertices and no. of edges
2. Implement adjacency matrix
3. Implement adjacency list

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4. Close the program

Sample Output:
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency Matrix method

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1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit

Select a proper option :

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How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertex In_Degree Out_Degree Total_Degree

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1 2 0 2



2 1 2 3

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3 0 1 1

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4 1 1 2

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Page 26 of 43
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency List method

1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph

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3. Exit
Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Page 27 of 43
Ex: 5b GRAPH TRAVERSAL
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program implement DFS and BFS graph traversal.

Algorithm:
DFS

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1. Define a Stack of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and push it on
to the Stack.
3. Visit any one of the adjacent vertex of the verex which is at top of the stack
which is not visited and push it on to the stack.

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4. Repeat step 3 until there are no new vertex to be visit from the vertex on top of
the stack.
5. When there is no new vertex to be visit then use back tracking and pop one
vertex from the stack.
6. Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 until stack becomes Empty.

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7. When stack becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph

BFS
1. Define a Queue of size total number of vertices in the graph.

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2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and insert it into
the Queue.
3. Visit all the adjacent vertices of the verex which is at front of the Queue which is
not visited and insert them into the Queue.
4. When there is no new vertex to be visit from the vertex at front of the Queue then

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delete that vertex from the Queue.
5. Repeat step 3 and 4 until queue becomes empty.
6. When queue becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph
Sample Output:

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Page 28 of 43

Result:
Thus the C programs to implement graph representation, Adjacency matrix and Adjacency
List, DFS and BFS are executed successfully and the outputs are verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:
1. Define Graph

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2. List the operations of graph.
3. What are the different representations of graphs
4. What are the two different graph traversals
5. Define DFS.
6. Define BFS.

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7. List the application of DFS.
8. List the application of BFS.
9. Define Indegree
10. Define Outdegree.

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Page 29 of 43
Ex: 6 IMPLEMENTATION OF SEARCHING ALGORITHMS
Date LINEAR SEARCH AND BINARY SEARCH

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Aim:
To write a C Program to implement different searching techniques Linear and Binary
search.

Algorithm:

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Linear Search:
1. Read the search element from the user
2. Compare, the search element with the first element in the list.
3. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the function

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4. If both are not matching, then compare search element with the next element in the list.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the search element is compared with the last element in the list.
6. If the last element in the list is also doesn't match, then display "Element not found!!!" and
terminate the function.
Binary search is implemented using following steps...

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1. Read the search element from the user
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare, the search element with the middle element in the sorted list.
4. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the
function

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5. If both are not matching, then check whether the search element is smaller or
larger than middle element.
6. If the search element is smaller than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and
5 for the left sublist of the middle element.
7. If the search element is larger than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and 5

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for the right sublist of the middle element.
8. Repeat the same process until we find the search element in the list or until sublist
contains only one element.
9. If that element also doesn't match with the search element, then display "Element
not found in the list!!!" and terminate the function.

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Sample Output:
Linear Search
Enter size of the list: 4 Enter any
4 integer values: 4 8 1 9
Enter the element to be Search: 9

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Page 30 of 43
Element is found at 3 index

...Program finished with exit code 10

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Binary Search
Enter the size of the list: 4 Enter 4 i
nteger values in Assending order 1 6 9 12

Enter value to be search: 9

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Element found at index 2.

Result:
Thus the C programs to implement Linear search and binary search are executed
successfully and output are verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:
1. Define Search
2. Define Sequential Search.

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3. What is Linear Search
4. What is the time complexity of linear search
5. What is Binary Search
6. What is the time complexity of linear search
7. List the application of Linear Search.

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8. List the application of Binary Search. Page 31 of 43
Ex: 7 IMPLEMENTATION OF SORTING ALGORITHMS BUBBLE SORT, RADIX SORT,
SHELL SORT

Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement different sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Radix Sort,
Shell Sort

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Algorithm:
Bubble Sort:
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].

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3. Implement Bubble sort
Step 1: Repeat Steps 2 and 3 for i=1 to 10
Step 2: Set j=1
Step 3: Repeat while j<=n
(A) if a[i] < a[j]

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Then interchange a[i] and a[j]
[End of if]
(B) Set j = j+1
[End of Inner Loop]
[End of Step 1 Outer Loop]

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Step 4: Exit
4. Stop the program

Shell Sort
1. Read the value of n

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2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement shell sort
4. Stop the program

Radix Sort

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1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement radix sort
4. Stop the program
Page 32 of 43

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Sample Output
Bubble sort


Shell sort

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Enter total no. of elements : 10
Enter numbers : 36 432 43 44 57 63 94 3 5 6
Sorted array is : 3 5 6 36 43 44 57 63 94 432

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Radix sort
$ gcc RadixSort.c
$ ./a.out
Enter total no. of elements : 8
Enter numbers : 802 2 24 45 66 75 90 170

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Sorted array is : 2 24 45 66 75 90 170 802

Result:
Thus the C programs to implement different sorting algorithms are executed successfully
and outputs are verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement different sorting algorithms.
Viva Voce:
1. What is sorting
2. What are the different types of sorting

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3. What is Bubble sort
4. What is Radix sort
5. What is Shell sort
6. What is insertion sort
Page 33 of 43

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7. Mention about Selection sort.
8. Compare Bubble and Radix sort.
9. Compare Shell sort and Bubble sort
10. Compare Shell and Radix sort

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Page 34 of 43
Ex. No: 8 IMPLEMENTATION OF HEAP
DATE:

Aim:

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To write a Cprogram to implement heap data structure

Algorithm:
1. Start the program
2. Initially, declare n=0 for number of nodes in the heap

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3. By using while, create a menu for all operations of heaps
4. Perform all the operation and display the result
5. Stop the program

Output:

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$ cc pgm66.c
$ a.out
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 30
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element

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3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 50
1.Insert the element

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2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 70

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1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2

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Enter the elements to be deleted from the list: 10
10 not found in heap list
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Enter the elements to be deleted from the list: 50
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element

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Page 35 of 43
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 100

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1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3

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100 30 70
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 4

Result:
Thus the C programs to implement heap is executed successfully and output is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement heap data structure.
Viva Voce:
1. What is heap
2. What are called heap property
3. List the operations of heap.

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4. What is order property
5. What is Shape property
6. What is Priority queue
7. List the applications of heap.
8. List the types of heap.

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Page 36 of 43
Ex. No: 9 IMPLEMENTATION OF BINARY TREE & ITS OPERATIONS
DATE:

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Aim:
To write a Cprogram to implement binary tree and its operation

Algorithm:
1. Start the program

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2. Create a tree
3. Perform the Insertion, Deletion and Search operation
4. Display Preorder, Postorder, Inorder traversal data
5. Stop the program

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Sample Output

> IN ORDER -
> 0 2 2 8 9 9 16 17 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 23 26 28 29 35 37 40 41 45 50 51 54 62 63 6

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3 64 66 66 68 69 7
0 71 73 75 76 76 78 79 79 80 83 83 85 86 89 91 91 95 96 96 101 101 101 102 103 104 10
4 104 106 107 108 108 109 111 112
113 114 115 115 115 116 117 117 119 120 123 124 125 127 127 129 129 129 130 130 1
34 134 137 139 139 140 142 143 143

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> PRE ORDER -
> 127 101 21 21 2 2 0 8 20 18 16 9 9 17 19 19 20 96 51 22 35 26 23 28 29 37 45 40 41 5
0 79 76 66 66 63 5
4 63 62 64 73 68 69 71 70 76 75 79 78 89 86 80 83 83 85 91 91 95 96 101 101 116 108 1

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02 107 106 104 104 103 104 108 11
3 112 109 111 115 115 115 114 120 117 117 119 127 125 124 123 129 129 129 140 137
134 134 130 130 139 139 143 142 143

> POST ORDER -

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> 0 2 9 9 17 16 19 20 19 18 20 8 2 21 23 29 28 26 41 40 50 45 37 35 22 62 63 54 64 63 6
6 70 71 69 68 75
76 73 66 78 79 76 83 85 83 80 86 91 96 95 91 89 79 51 101 101 96 21 104 103 104 104
106 108 107 102 111 109 112 114 1
15 115 115 113 108 117 119 117 123 124 125 127 120 116 101 129 129 130 130 134 134

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139 139 137 143 142 143 140 129 127

> TEST SEARCH:
- 2
- 8

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Page 37 of 43
- 9
- 16
- 17
- 18

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- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23

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- 26
- 28
- 29
- 35
- 37

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- 40
- 41
- 45
- 50
- 51

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- 54
- 62
- 63
- 64
- 66

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- 68
- 69
- 70
- 71
- 73

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- 75
- 76
- 78
- 79
- 80

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- 83
- 85
- 86
- 89
- 91

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- 95
- 96

< SUCCESS > = 43 < FAILED > = 57

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...Program finished with exit code 0 Page 38 of 43
Result:
Thus the C programs to implement Binary tree is executed successfully and output is

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verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement binary tree.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and

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enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at

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different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION
MISSION

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Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS

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To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to

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identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to

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design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable

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them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer

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Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career

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c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society

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g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with

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coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

Page 5 of 43

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CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees

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To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees

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6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs

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11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given

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problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

COURSE OUTCOMES

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COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

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1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

2.

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Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

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3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

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4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

4. b)

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Application of Queue ADT

5.
a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

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6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

7.

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Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.
Implementation of Heaps

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9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

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11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

Page 7 of 43

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Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)

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Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.

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Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).

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5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display

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stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

Sample output :

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Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------
1.PUSH

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2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

Page 8 of 43

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

98
24
12

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Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

24
12

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Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

EXIT POINT

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

Applications:
1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43

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Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end

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of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =

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value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and

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terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the

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queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same

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until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

Output:
1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 30

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :

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15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 4

Page 11 of 43
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and

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the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

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Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array
3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack

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5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack

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10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:

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1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n

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First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N

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Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L

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If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L

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undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)

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7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

Output:

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Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
Page 13 of 43

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the number of nodes 3

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Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

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1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56
The list after insertion:

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The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
56
71

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Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2
Enter the position u want to delete: 2

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The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3

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Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
Page 14 of 43

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1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69

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71
Do You Want to continue: N

Result:
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the

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output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.

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Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is array
2. Define ADT.
3. What is List

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4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full
8. How will you find the list is empty

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9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

Page 15 of 43

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Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.

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3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.
5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack
Create a newNode with given value.

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Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.
Finally, set top = newNode.
6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack

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1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.
4. Then set 'top = top next'.

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5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.

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4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp
reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Output

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 3
Page 16 of 43
Insertion Success
****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1

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Enter the value to be insert: 5

Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:2
Deleted Element: 5

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:3
3-> NULL

****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:4

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...Program finished with exit code 0
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in memory management
2.
Page 17 of 43

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:

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1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable

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function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.
5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue
Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.
Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)
If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.

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If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.
6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
from the function

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If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.
Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying queue of elements
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.

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If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.
Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'
reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).
Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Sample Output

:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

****** MENU ******

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1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1

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Enter the value to be insert: 5

Ex. No. : 3b
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Page 18 of 43
Insertion is Success!!!

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 7

Insertion is Success!!!

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice: 2
Deleted element : 5
****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
7 >>> NULL

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked

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list
Applications:
1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue
2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an
order, until a service representative is free.

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3.

Page 19 of 43

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main
function program by through #include< Llist.h >

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2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1

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Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.

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Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end

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If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist

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6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list

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print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

Sample Output:
List Adt Using Linked List

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1.Create
2.Insert
Ex. No. : 3c
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
Page 20 of 43
3.Delete
4.MakeEmpty

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5.Find
6.IsEmpty
7.Display
8.Deletelist
9.Exit

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Enter ur Option: 1
List is Created.
Enter ur Option: 2
Enter the value: 100
Enter the Option: 2

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Enter the value: 200
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 300
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 400

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Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 500
Enter the Option: 7
100
200

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300
400
500
Enter the Option: 3
Enter the value to delete: 200

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Enter the Option: 7
100
300
400
500

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Enter the Option: 5
Enter the value to Find: 400
Element present in the list
Enter the Option: 6
List contains some Elements

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Enter the Option: 4
Now list is empty
Enter the Option: 8
List is deleted
Enter the Option: 2

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List is not created
Enter the Option: 10
*******WRONG ENTRY******
Enter the Option: 9

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Result:
Page 21 of 43
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:

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1. What is list
2. Define ADT.
3. What is linked List
4. What are the different operations involved in List
5. How the search operation works in list

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6. How will you find the list is full
7. How will you find the list is empty
8. Define pointers in c.
9. How the list used in computer memory
10. What are the different types of linked list Page 22 of 43

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EX . No: 4a APPLICATION OF STACK
DATE

Aim:
To write a C program to convert infix expression to postfix expression

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Algorithm:
1. Push (onto Stack, and add ) to the end of X.
2. Scan X from left to right and repeat Step 3 to 6 for each element of X until the Stack is
empty.

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3. If an operand is encountered, add it to Y.
4. If a left parenthesis is encountered, push it onto Stack.
5. If an operator is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) which
has the same precedence as or higher precedence than operator.

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2. Add operator to Stack.
[End of If]
6. If a right parenthesis is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) until
a left parenthesis is encountered.

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2. Remove the left Parenthesis.
[End of If]
[End of If]
7. END.
Sample Output:

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Enter Infix expression : A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G)*H
Postfix Expression: ABC*DEF^/G*-H*+Fir

Enter Infix expression : (3^2*5)/(3*2-3)+5
Postfix Expression: 32^5*32*3-/5+

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Result:
Thus the C program to convert infix to postfix is executed successfully and the output is
verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement infix to postfix by using stack
Page 23 of 43

Ex: 4b APPLICATION OF LIST POLYNOMIAL ADDITION
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to add two polynomials

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Algorithm:
Algorithm to add two polynomials using linked list is as follows:-
Let p and q be the two polynomials represented by linked lists
1. While p and q are not null, repeat step 2.
2. If powers of the two terms are equal

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then if the terms do not cancel
then insert the sum of the terms into the sum Polynomial
Advance p
Advance q
Else if the power of the first polynomial> power of second

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Then insert the term from first polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance p
Else insert the term from second polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance q
3. copy the remaining terms from the non empty polynomial into the sum polynomial.

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The third step of the algorithm is to be processed till the end of the polynomials has not been
reached.

Sample Output:
Create 1st expression

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Enter Coeff:1
Enter Pow:2
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 1st expression
The polynomial expression is:

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1x^2
Page 24 of 43
Create 2nd expression
Enter Coeff:2
Enter Pow:3

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Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 2nd expression
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3
The polynomial expression is:

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2x^3 + 1x^2
Add two more expressions (Y = 1/N = 0): 0
...Program finished with exit code 0

Result:

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Thus the C program to implement polynomial addition by using linked list is executed
successfully and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement polynomial addition by using linked list
Viva Voce:

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1. What is Stack
2. List the operations of stack.
3. What is linked List
4. What is the format of infix expression
5. What is the format of postfix expression Page 25 of 43

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Ex: 5a GRAPH REPRESENTATIONS
Date:

Aim:
To write a C program implement adjacent matrix and adjacency list

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Algorithm:
1. Create a graph with getting no. of vertices and no. of edges
2. Implement adjacency matrix
3. Implement adjacency list

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4. Close the program

Sample Output:
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency Matrix method

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1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit

Select a proper option :

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How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertex In_Degree Out_Degree Total_Degree

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1 2 0 2



2 1 2 3

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3 0 1 1

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4 1 1 2

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Page 26 of 43
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency List method

1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph

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3. Exit
Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Page 27 of 43
Ex: 5b GRAPH TRAVERSAL
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program implement DFS and BFS graph traversal.

Algorithm:
DFS

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1. Define a Stack of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and push it on
to the Stack.
3. Visit any one of the adjacent vertex of the verex which is at top of the stack
which is not visited and push it on to the stack.

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4. Repeat step 3 until there are no new vertex to be visit from the vertex on top of
the stack.
5. When there is no new vertex to be visit then use back tracking and pop one
vertex from the stack.
6. Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 until stack becomes Empty.

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7. When stack becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph

BFS
1. Define a Queue of size total number of vertices in the graph.

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2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and insert it into
the Queue.
3. Visit all the adjacent vertices of the verex which is at front of the Queue which is
not visited and insert them into the Queue.
4. When there is no new vertex to be visit from the vertex at front of the Queue then

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delete that vertex from the Queue.
5. Repeat step 3 and 4 until queue becomes empty.
6. When queue becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph
Sample Output:

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Page 28 of 43

Result:
Thus the C programs to implement graph representation, Adjacency matrix and Adjacency
List, DFS and BFS are executed successfully and the outputs are verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:
1. Define Graph

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2. List the operations of graph.
3. What are the different representations of graphs
4. What are the two different graph traversals
5. Define DFS.
6. Define BFS.

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7. List the application of DFS.
8. List the application of BFS.
9. Define Indegree
10. Define Outdegree.

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Page 29 of 43
Ex: 6 IMPLEMENTATION OF SEARCHING ALGORITHMS
Date LINEAR SEARCH AND BINARY SEARCH

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Aim:
To write a C Program to implement different searching techniques Linear and Binary
search.

Algorithm:

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Linear Search:
1. Read the search element from the user
2. Compare, the search element with the first element in the list.
3. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the function

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4. If both are not matching, then compare search element with the next element in the list.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the search element is compared with the last element in the list.
6. If the last element in the list is also doesn't match, then display "Element not found!!!" and
terminate the function.
Binary search is implemented using following steps...

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1. Read the search element from the user
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare, the search element with the middle element in the sorted list.
4. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the
function

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5. If both are not matching, then check whether the search element is smaller or
larger than middle element.
6. If the search element is smaller than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and
5 for the left sublist of the middle element.
7. If the search element is larger than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and 5

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for the right sublist of the middle element.
8. Repeat the same process until we find the search element in the list or until sublist
contains only one element.
9. If that element also doesn't match with the search element, then display "Element
not found in the list!!!" and terminate the function.

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Sample Output:
Linear Search
Enter size of the list: 4 Enter any
4 integer values: 4 8 1 9
Enter the element to be Search: 9

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Page 30 of 43
Element is found at 3 index

...Program finished with exit code 10

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Binary Search
Enter the size of the list: 4 Enter 4 i
nteger values in Assending order 1 6 9 12

Enter value to be search: 9

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Element found at index 2.

Result:
Thus the C programs to implement Linear search and binary search are executed
successfully and output are verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:
1. Define Search
2. Define Sequential Search.

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3. What is Linear Search
4. What is the time complexity of linear search
5. What is Binary Search
6. What is the time complexity of linear search
7. List the application of Linear Search.

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8. List the application of Binary Search. Page 31 of 43
Ex: 7 IMPLEMENTATION OF SORTING ALGORITHMS BUBBLE SORT, RADIX SORT,
SHELL SORT

Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement different sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Radix Sort,
Shell Sort

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Algorithm:
Bubble Sort:
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].

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3. Implement Bubble sort
Step 1: Repeat Steps 2 and 3 for i=1 to 10
Step 2: Set j=1
Step 3: Repeat while j<=n
(A) if a[i] < a[j]

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Then interchange a[i] and a[j]
[End of if]
(B) Set j = j+1
[End of Inner Loop]
[End of Step 1 Outer Loop]

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Step 4: Exit
4. Stop the program

Shell Sort
1. Read the value of n

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2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement shell sort
4. Stop the program

Radix Sort

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1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement radix sort
4. Stop the program
Page 32 of 43

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Sample Output
Bubble sort


Shell sort

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Enter total no. of elements : 10
Enter numbers : 36 432 43 44 57 63 94 3 5 6
Sorted array is : 3 5 6 36 43 44 57 63 94 432

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Radix sort
$ gcc RadixSort.c
$ ./a.out
Enter total no. of elements : 8
Enter numbers : 802 2 24 45 66 75 90 170

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Sorted array is : 2 24 45 66 75 90 170 802

Result:
Thus the C programs to implement different sorting algorithms are executed successfully
and outputs are verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement different sorting algorithms.
Viva Voce:
1. What is sorting
2. What are the different types of sorting

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3. What is Bubble sort
4. What is Radix sort
5. What is Shell sort
6. What is insertion sort
Page 33 of 43

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7. Mention about Selection sort.
8. Compare Bubble and Radix sort.
9. Compare Shell sort and Bubble sort
10. Compare Shell and Radix sort

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Page 34 of 43
Ex. No: 8 IMPLEMENTATION OF HEAP
DATE:

Aim:

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To write a Cprogram to implement heap data structure

Algorithm:
1. Start the program
2. Initially, declare n=0 for number of nodes in the heap

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3. By using while, create a menu for all operations of heaps
4. Perform all the operation and display the result
5. Stop the program

Output:

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$ cc pgm66.c
$ a.out
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 30
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element

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3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 50
1.Insert the element

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2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 70

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1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2

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Enter the elements to be deleted from the list: 10
10 not found in heap list
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Enter the elements to be deleted from the list: 50
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element

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Page 35 of 43
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 100

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1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3

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100 30 70
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 4

Result:
Thus the C programs to implement heap is executed successfully and output is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement heap data structure.
Viva Voce:
1. What is heap
2. What are called heap property
3. List the operations of heap.

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4. What is order property
5. What is Shape property
6. What is Priority queue
7. List the applications of heap.
8. List the types of heap.

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Page 36 of 43
Ex. No: 9 IMPLEMENTATION OF BINARY TREE & ITS OPERATIONS
DATE:

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Aim:
To write a Cprogram to implement binary tree and its operation

Algorithm:
1. Start the program

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2. Create a tree
3. Perform the Insertion, Deletion and Search operation
4. Display Preorder, Postorder, Inorder traversal data
5. Stop the program

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Sample Output

> IN ORDER -
> 0 2 2 8 9 9 16 17 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 23 26 28 29 35 37 40 41 45 50 51 54 62 63 6

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3 64 66 66 68 69 7
0 71 73 75 76 76 78 79 79 80 83 83 85 86 89 91 91 95 96 96 101 101 101 102 103 104 10
4 104 106 107 108 108 109 111 112
113 114 115 115 115 116 117 117 119 120 123 124 125 127 127 129 129 129 130 130 1
34 134 137 139 139 140 142 143 143

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> PRE ORDER -
> 127 101 21 21 2 2 0 8 20 18 16 9 9 17 19 19 20 96 51 22 35 26 23 28 29 37 45 40 41 5
0 79 76 66 66 63 5
4 63 62 64 73 68 69 71 70 76 75 79 78 89 86 80 83 83 85 91 91 95 96 101 101 116 108 1

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02 107 106 104 104 103 104 108 11
3 112 109 111 115 115 115 114 120 117 117 119 127 125 124 123 129 129 129 140 137
134 134 130 130 139 139 143 142 143

> POST ORDER -

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> 0 2 9 9 17 16 19 20 19 18 20 8 2 21 23 29 28 26 41 40 50 45 37 35 22 62 63 54 64 63 6
6 70 71 69 68 75
76 73 66 78 79 76 83 85 83 80 86 91 96 95 91 89 79 51 101 101 96 21 104 103 104 104
106 108 107 102 111 109 112 114 1
15 115 115 113 108 117 119 117 123 124 125 127 120 116 101 129 129 130 130 134 134

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139 139 137 143 142 143 140 129 127

> TEST SEARCH:
- 2
- 8

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Page 37 of 43
- 9
- 16
- 17
- 18

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- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23

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- 26
- 28
- 29
- 35
- 37

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- 40
- 41
- 45
- 50
- 51

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- 54
- 62
- 63
- 64
- 66

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- 68
- 69
- 70
- 71
- 73

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- 75
- 76
- 78
- 79
- 80

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- 83
- 85
- 86
- 89
- 91

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- 95
- 96

< SUCCESS > = 43 < FAILED > = 57

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...Program finished with exit code 0 Page 38 of 43
Result:
Thus the C programs to implement Binary tree is executed successfully and output is

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verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement binary tree.
Page 39 of 43
Ex. No: 10 IMPLEMENTATION OF BINARY SEARCH TREE

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DATE

Aim:
To write a Cprogram to implement binary search tree

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Algorithm:
1. Start the program
2. Create a tree
3. Perform the Insertion, Deletion and Search operation
4. Display Preorder, Postorder, Inorder traversal data

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5. Stop the program

Sample Output:

cc tree43.c

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$ a.out
OPERATIONS ---
1 - Insert an element into tree
2 - Delete an element from the tree
3 - Inorder Traversal

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4 - Preorder Traversal
5 - Postorder Traversal
6 - Exit

Enter your choice : 1

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Enter data of node to be inserted : 40

Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 20

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Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 10

Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 30

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Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 60

Enter your choice : 1

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Enter data of node to be inserted : 80

Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 90

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Enter your choice : 3
10 -> 20 -> 30 -> 40 -> 60 -> 80 -> 90 ->

40
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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Page 1 of 43


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

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To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul
VISION

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MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE

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To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice

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this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that

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will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

Page 4 of 43

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the

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same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools

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f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms

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i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures

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To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs

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5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms

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10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem

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Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1.a)

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Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

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2.
Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

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3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

3. c)

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Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

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4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

5.
a. Graph Representation

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b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

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7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.
Implementation of Heaps

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9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

10.

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Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

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Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.

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Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).

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4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one

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(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

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Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------

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1.PUSH
2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1

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Enter a value to be pushed:12

Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

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Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

Enter the Choice:3

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The elements in STACK

98
24

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12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

The popped elements is 98

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Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

24

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12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

EXIT POINT

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

Applications:
1. Expression evaluation

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2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().

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3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.

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If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)

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If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).

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5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.

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Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

Output:

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 10

1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3

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Queue is :
15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

Page 11 of 43
Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

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Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array
3. Define ADT.

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4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack

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9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT

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DATE

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.

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List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N

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Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.

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Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.

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delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L

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undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

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Output:
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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Page 13 of 43
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3

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Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56

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The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
56

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71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2

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Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

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Page 14 of 43
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:
67

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69
71
Do You Want to continue: N

Result:

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Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:

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1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is array
2. Define ADT.

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3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full

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8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

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Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.

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2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.
5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack

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Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.
Finally, set top = newNode.

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6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.

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4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.

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3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp
reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Output
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 3
Page 16 of 43
Insertion Success

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

Insertion Success
****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:2

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Deleted Element: 5

****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:3
3-> NULL

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:4
...Program finished with exit code 0
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in memory management
2.

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Page 17 of 43

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.

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4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.
5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue
Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.
Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)

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If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.
If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.
6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate

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from the function
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.
Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying queue of elements
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).

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If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.
Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'
reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).
Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Sample Output

:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

Ex. No. : 3b
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Page 18 of 43
Insertion is Success!!!

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 7

Insertion is Success!!!

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Deleted element : 5
****** MENU ******
1. Insert

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2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
7 >>> NULL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked
list
Applications:
1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue
2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an

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order, until a service representative is free.
3.

Page 19 of 43

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main

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function program by through #include< Llist.h >
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n

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First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N

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Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L

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If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L

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undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)

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7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

Sample Output:

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List Adt Using Linked List
1.Create
2.Insert
Ex. No. : 3c
Date:

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LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
Page 20 of 43
3.Delete

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4.MakeEmpty
5.Find
6.IsEmpty
7.Display
8.Deletelist

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9.Exit
Enter ur Option: 1
List is Created.
Enter ur Option: 2
Enter the value: 100

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Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 200
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 300
Enter the Option: 2

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Enter the value: 400
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 500
Enter the Option: 7
100

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200
300
400
500
Enter the Option: 3

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Enter the value to delete: 200
Enter the Option: 7
100
300
400

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500
Enter the Option: 5
Enter the value to Find: 400
Element present in the list
Enter the Option: 6

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List contains some Elements
Enter the Option: 4
Now list is empty
Enter the Option: 8
List is deleted

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Enter the Option: 2
List is not created
Enter the Option: 10
*******WRONG ENTRY******
Enter the Option: 9

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Result:
Page 21 of 43
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort

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Viva Voce:
1. What is list
2. Define ADT.
3. What is linked List
4. What are the different operations involved in List

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5. How the search operation works in list
6. How will you find the list is full
7. How will you find the list is empty
8. Define pointers in c.
9. How the list used in computer memory

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10. What are the different types of linked list Page 22 of 43
EX . No: 4a APPLICATION OF STACK
DATE

Aim:

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To write a C program to convert infix expression to postfix expression

Algorithm:
1. Push (onto Stack, and add ) to the end of X.
2. Scan X from left to right and repeat Step 3 to 6 for each element of X until the Stack is

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empty.
3. If an operand is encountered, add it to Y.
4. If a left parenthesis is encountered, push it onto Stack.
5. If an operator is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) which

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has the same precedence as or higher precedence than operator.
2. Add operator to Stack.
[End of If]
6. If a right parenthesis is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) until

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a left parenthesis is encountered.
2. Remove the left Parenthesis.
[End of If]
[End of If]
7. END.

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Sample Output:
Enter Infix expression : A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G)*H
Postfix Expression: ABC*DEF^/G*-H*+Fir

Enter Infix expression : (3^2*5)/(3*2-3)+5

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Postfix Expression: 32^5*32*3-/5+

Result:
Thus the C program to convert infix to postfix is executed successfully and the output is
verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement infix to postfix by using stack
Page 23 of 43

Ex: 4b APPLICATION OF LIST POLYNOMIAL ADDITION

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Date:


Aim:
To write a C program to add two polynomials

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Algorithm:
Algorithm to add two polynomials using linked list is as follows:-
Let p and q be the two polynomials represented by linked lists
1. While p and q are not null, repeat step 2.

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2. If powers of the two terms are equal
then if the terms do not cancel
then insert the sum of the terms into the sum Polynomial
Advance p
Advance q

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Else if the power of the first polynomial> power of second
Then insert the term from first polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance p
Else insert the term from second polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance q

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3. copy the remaining terms from the non empty polynomial into the sum polynomial.
The third step of the algorithm is to be processed till the end of the polynomials has not been
reached.

Sample Output:

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Create 1st expression
Enter Coeff:1
Enter Pow:2
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 1st expression

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The polynomial expression is:
1x^2
Page 24 of 43
Create 2nd expression
Enter Coeff:2

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Enter Pow:3
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 2nd expression
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3

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The polynomial expression is:
2x^3 + 1x^2
Add two more expressions (Y = 1/N = 0): 0
...Program finished with exit code 0

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement polynomial addition by using linked list is executed
successfully and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement polynomial addition by using linked list

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Viva Voce:
1. What is Stack
2. List the operations of stack.
3. What is linked List
4. What is the format of infix expression

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5. What is the format of postfix expression Page 25 of 43
Ex: 5a GRAPH REPRESENTATIONS
Date:

Aim:

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To write a C program implement adjacent matrix and adjacency list

Algorithm:
1. Create a graph with getting no. of vertices and no. of edges
2. Implement adjacency matrix

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3. Implement adjacency list
4. Close the program

Sample Output:
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency Matrix method

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1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit

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Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertex In_Degree Out_Degree Total_Degree

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1 2 0 2

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2 1 2 3



3 0 1 1

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4 1 1 2

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Page 26 of 43
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency List method

1. Directed Graph

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2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit
Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

Page 27 of 43
Ex: 5b GRAPH TRAVERSAL
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program implement DFS and BFS graph traversal.

Algorithm:

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DFS
1. Define a Stack of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and push it on
to the Stack.
3. Visit any one of the adjacent vertex of the verex which is at top of the stack

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which is not visited and push it on to the stack.
4. Repeat step 3 until there are no new vertex to be visit from the vertex on top of
the stack.
5. When there is no new vertex to be visit then use back tracking and pop one
vertex from the stack.

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6. Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 until stack becomes Empty.
7. When stack becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph

BFS

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1. Define a Queue of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and insert it into
the Queue.
3. Visit all the adjacent vertices of the verex which is at front of the Queue which is
not visited and insert them into the Queue.

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4. When there is no new vertex to be visit from the vertex at front of the Queue then
delete that vertex from the Queue.
5. Repeat step 3 and 4 until queue becomes empty.
6. When queue becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph

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Sample Output:
Page 28 of 43

Result:
Thus the C programs to implement graph representation, Adjacency matrix and Adjacency

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List, DFS and BFS are executed successfully and the outputs are verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:

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1. Define Graph
2. List the operations of graph.
3. What are the different representations of graphs
4. What are the two different graph traversals
5. Define DFS.

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6. Define BFS.
7. List the application of DFS.
8. List the application of BFS.
9. Define Indegree
10. Define Outdegree.

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Page 29 of 43
Ex: 6 IMPLEMENTATION OF SEARCHING ALGORITHMS
Date LINEAR SEARCH AND BINARY SEARCH

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Aim:
To write a C Program to implement different searching techniques Linear and Binary
search.

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Algorithm:

Linear Search:
1. Read the search element from the user
2. Compare, the search element with the first element in the list.

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3. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the function
4. If both are not matching, then compare search element with the next element in the list.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the search element is compared with the last element in the list.
6. If the last element in the list is also doesn't match, then display "Element not found!!!" and
terminate the function.

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Binary search is implemented using following steps...
1. Read the search element from the user
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare, the search element with the middle element in the sorted list.
4. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the

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function
5. If both are not matching, then check whether the search element is smaller or
larger than middle element.
6. If the search element is smaller than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and
5 for the left sublist of the middle element.

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7. If the search element is larger than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and 5
for the right sublist of the middle element.
8. Repeat the same process until we find the search element in the list or until sublist
contains only one element.
9. If that element also doesn't match with the search element, then display "Element

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not found in the list!!!" and terminate the function.
Sample Output:
Linear Search
Enter size of the list: 4 Enter any
4 integer values: 4 8 1 9

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Enter the element to be Search: 9
Page 30 of 43
Element is found at 3 index

...Program finished with exit code 10

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Binary Search
Enter the size of the list: 4 Enter 4 i
nteger values in Assending order 1 6 9 12

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Enter value to be search: 9
Element found at index 2.

Result:
Thus the C programs to implement Linear search and binary search are executed

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successfully and output are verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:
1. Define Search

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2. Define Sequential Search.
3. What is Linear Search
4. What is the time complexity of linear search
5. What is Binary Search
6. What is the time complexity of linear search

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7. List the application of Linear Search.
8. List the application of Binary Search. Page 31 of 43
Ex: 7 IMPLEMENTATION OF SORTING ALGORITHMS BUBBLE SORT, RADIX SORT,
SHELL SORT

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Date:


Aim:
To write a C program to implement different sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Radix Sort,

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Shell Sort

Algorithm:
Bubble Sort:
1. Read the value of n

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2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement Bubble sort
Step 1: Repeat Steps 2 and 3 for i=1 to 10
Step 2: Set j=1
Step 3: Repeat while j<=n

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(A) if a[i] < a[j]
Then interchange a[i] and a[j]
[End of if]
(B) Set j = j+1
[End of Inner Loop]

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[End of Step 1 Outer Loop]
Step 4: Exit
4. Stop the program

Shell Sort

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1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement shell sort
4. Stop the program

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Radix Sort
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement radix sort
4. Stop the program

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Page 32 of 43
Sample Output
Bubble sort

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Shell sort
Enter total no. of elements : 10
Enter numbers : 36 432 43 44 57 63 94 3 5 6
Sorted array is : 3 5 6 36 43 44 57 63 94 432

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Radix sort
$ gcc RadixSort.c
$ ./a.out
Enter total no. of elements : 8

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Enter numbers : 802 2 24 45 66 75 90 170
Sorted array is : 2 24 45 66 75 90 170 802

Result:
Thus the C programs to implement different sorting algorithms are executed successfully

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and outputs are verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement different sorting algorithms.
Viva Voce:
1. What is sorting

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2. What are the different types of sorting
3. What is Bubble sort
4. What is Radix sort
5. What is Shell sort
6. What is insertion sort

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Page 33 of 43
7. Mention about Selection sort.
8. Compare Bubble and Radix sort.
9. Compare Shell sort and Bubble sort
10. Compare Shell and Radix sort

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Page 34 of 43
Ex. No: 8 IMPLEMENTATION OF HEAP
DATE:

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Aim:
To write a Cprogram to implement heap data structure

Algorithm:
1. Start the program

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2. Initially, declare n=0 for number of nodes in the heap
3. By using while, create a menu for all operations of heaps
4. Perform all the operation and display the result
5. Stop the program

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Output:
$ cc pgm66.c
$ a.out
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element

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3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 30
1.Insert the element

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2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 50

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1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 70
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 2
Enter the elements to be deleted from the list: 10
10 not found in heap list
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element

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3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Enter the elements to be deleted from the list: 50
1.Insert the element

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2.Delete the element
Page 35 of 43
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 100
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 3
100 30 70
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

Result:
Thus the C programs to implement heap is executed successfully and output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement heap data structure.
Viva Voce:
1. What is heap
2. What are called heap property

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3. List the operations of heap.
4. What is order property
5. What is Shape property
6. What is Priority queue
7. List the applications of heap.

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8. List the types of heap.
Page 36 of 43
Ex. No: 9 IMPLEMENTATION OF BINARY TREE & ITS OPERATIONS
DATE:

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Aim:
To write a Cprogram to implement binary tree and its operation

Algorithm:

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1. Start the program
2. Create a tree
3. Perform the Insertion, Deletion and Search operation
4. Display Preorder, Postorder, Inorder traversal data
5. Stop the program

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Sample Output

> IN ORDER -

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> 0 2 2 8 9 9 16 17 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 23 26 28 29 35 37 40 41 45 50 51 54 62 63 6
3 64 66 66 68 69 7
0 71 73 75 76 76 78 79 79 80 83 83 85 86 89 91 91 95 96 96 101 101 101 102 103 104 10
4 104 106 107 108 108 109 111 112
113 114 115 115 115 116 117 117 119 120 123 124 125 127 127 129 129 129 130 130 1

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34 134 137 139 139 140 142 143 143

> PRE ORDER -
> 127 101 21 21 2 2 0 8 20 18 16 9 9 17 19 19 20 96 51 22 35 26 23 28 29 37 45 40 41 5
0 79 76 66 66 63 5

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4 63 62 64 73 68 69 71 70 76 75 79 78 89 86 80 83 83 85 91 91 95 96 101 101 116 108 1
02 107 106 104 104 103 104 108 11
3 112 109 111 115 115 115 114 120 117 117 119 127 125 124 123 129 129 129 140 137
134 134 130 130 139 139 143 142 143

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> POST ORDER -
> 0 2 9 9 17 16 19 20 19 18 20 8 2 21 23 29 28 26 41 40 50 45 37 35 22 62 63 54 64 63 6
6 70 71 69 68 75
76 73 66 78 79 76 83 85 83 80 86 91 96 95 91 89 79 51 101 101 96 21 104 103 104 104
106 108 107 102 111 109 112 114 1

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15 115 115 113 108 117 119 117 123 124 125 127 120 116 101 129 129 130 130 134 134
139 139 137 143 142 143 140 129 127

> TEST SEARCH:
- 2

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- 8
Page 37 of 43
- 9
- 16
- 17

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- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22

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- 23
- 26
- 28
- 29
- 35

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- 37
- 40
- 41
- 45
- 50

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- 51
- 54
- 62
- 63
- 64

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- 66
- 68
- 69
- 70
- 71

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- 73
- 75
- 76
- 78
- 79

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- 80
- 83
- 85
- 86
- 89

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- 91
- 95
- 96

< SUCCESS > = 43 < FAILED > = 57

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...Program finished with exit code 0 Page 38 of 43
Result:

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Thus the C programs to implement Binary tree is executed successfully and output is
verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement binary tree.
Page 39 of 43

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Ex. No: 10 IMPLEMENTATION OF BINARY SEARCH TREE
DATE

Aim:
To write a Cprogram to implement binary search tree

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Algorithm:
1. Start the program
2. Create a tree
3. Perform the Insertion, Deletion and Search operation

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4. Display Preorder, Postorder, Inorder traversal data
5. Stop the program

Sample Output:

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cc tree43.c
$ a.out
OPERATIONS ---
1 - Insert an element into tree
2 - Delete an element from the tree

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3 - Inorder Traversal
4 - Preorder Traversal
5 - Postorder Traversal
6 - Exit

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Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 40

Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 20

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Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 10

Enter your choice : 1

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Enter data of node to be inserted : 30

Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 60

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Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 80

Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 90

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Enter your choice : 3
10 -> 20 -> 30 -> 40 -> 60 -> 80 -> 90 ->

40

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Page 40 of 43
/\
/ \
20 60
/ \ \

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10 30 80
\
90

Result:

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Thus the C programs to implement Binary search tree is executed successfully and output
is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement binary search tree.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Viva Voce:
1. What is tree
2. What are called binary tree
3. List the operations of binary tree.
4. What are the condition for left sub tree and right sub tree

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5. What are called tree traversal
6. What is In-order
7. What is preorder
8. What is postorder
9. What are called binary search tree

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10. Compare Binary tree and Binary Search tree.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


III SEMESTER - R 2017

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CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY



Name : _______________________________________

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Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL

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and training.

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To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price

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tag on heart and soul
VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

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2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

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3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

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4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

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5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

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Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution

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e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable

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h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT

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3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees

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8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques

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TOTAL: 60 PERIODS


Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations

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Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data

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storage and retrieval

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43

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CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page

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No.
1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)

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Array implementation of Queue ADT

2.
Array implementation of List ADT

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3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

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3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)

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Application of Stack ADT

4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

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5.
a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.

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Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

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8.
Implementation of Heaps

9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

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10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11

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Implementation of Hashing Technique

Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.

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2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and

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terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.

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Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.

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6. Close the program

Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

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STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------
1.PUSH
2.POP
3.DISPLAY

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4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

Enter the Choice:1

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Enter a value to be pushed:24

Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

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Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

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98
24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

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The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

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24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

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EXIT POINT

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and

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the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

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Applications:
1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:

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1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)

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If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element

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from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then

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display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)

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Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

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Output:
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

1.Insert element to queue

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Page 10 of 43
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2

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Element deleted from queue is : 10

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :
15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

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Page 11 of 43
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.

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2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.


Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure

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2. What is array
3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack

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7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue

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Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),

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display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n

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ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows

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(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined

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5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required

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element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence

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8. Close the program

Output:
Main Menu
1. Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
Page 13 of 43
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69

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Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4

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Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56
The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:
67

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69
56
71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

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1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2
Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position

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Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
Page 14 of 43
1.Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5

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The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
71
Do You Want to continue: N

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:

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1. What is array
2. Define ADT.
3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List

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6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full
8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.

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11.

Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:

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1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable

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function calls in the main method.
5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack
Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.

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If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.
Finally, set top = newNode.
6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate

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the function
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.
4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying stack of elements

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1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp
reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).

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5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Output
****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 3

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Page 16 of 43
Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

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Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:2
Deleted Element: 5

****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:3

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3-> NULL

****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:4
...Program finished with exit code 0
Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list
Applications:

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1. It is very much useful in memory management
2.
Page 17 of 43

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.

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2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.
5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue

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Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.
Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)
If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.
If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.
6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue

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Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
from the function
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.
Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).

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7. display() - Displaying queue of elements
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.
Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'

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reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).
Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Sample Output

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:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

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Ex. No. : 3b
Date:


LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT

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Page 18 of 43
Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******
1. Insert

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2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 7

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Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******
1. Insert

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2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Deleted element : 5

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice: 3
7 >>> NULL

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully

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and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked
list
Applications:

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1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue
2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an
order, until a service representative is free.
3.

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Page 19 of 43

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main
function program by through #include< Llist.h >
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().

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3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,

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Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)

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4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element

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from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.

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returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

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Sample Output:
List Adt Using Linked List
1.Create
2.Insert

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Ex. No. : 3c
Date:


LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT

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Page 20 of 43
3.Delete
4.MakeEmpty
5.Find
6.IsEmpty

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7.Display
8.Deletelist
9.Exit
Enter ur Option: 1
List is Created.

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Enter ur Option: 2
Enter the value: 100
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 200
Enter the Option: 2

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Enter the value: 300
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 400
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 500

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Enter the Option: 7
100
200
300
400

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500
Enter the Option: 3
Enter the value to delete: 200
Enter the Option: 7
100

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300
400
500
Enter the Option: 5
Enter the value to Find: 400

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Element present in the list
Enter the Option: 6
List contains some Elements
Enter the Option: 4
Now list is empty

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Enter the Option: 8
List is deleted
Enter the Option: 2
List is not created
Enter the Option: 10

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*******WRONG ENTRY******
Enter the Option: 9

Result:
Page 21 of 43

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Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using linked list
Applications:

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1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is list
2. Define ADT.

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3. What is linked List
4. What are the different operations involved in List
5. How the search operation works in list
6. How will you find the list is full
7. How will you find the list is empty

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8. Define pointers in c.
9. How the list used in computer memory
10. What are the different types of linked list Page 22 of 43
EX . No: 4a APPLICATION OF STACK
DATE

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Aim:
To write a C program to convert infix expression to postfix expression

Algorithm:

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1. Push (onto Stack, and add ) to the end of X.
2. Scan X from left to right and repeat Step 3 to 6 for each element of X until the Stack is
empty.
3. If an operand is encountered, add it to Y.
4. If a left parenthesis is encountered, push it onto Stack.

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5. If an operator is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) which
has the same precedence as or higher precedence than operator.
2. Add operator to Stack.
[End of If]

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6. If a right parenthesis is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) until
a left parenthesis is encountered.
2. Remove the left Parenthesis.
[End of If]

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[End of If]
7. END.
Sample Output:
Enter Infix expression : A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G)*H
Postfix Expression: ABC*DEF^/G*-H*+Fir

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Enter Infix expression : (3^2*5)/(3*2-3)+5
Postfix Expression: 32^5*32*3-/5+

Result:

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Thus the C program to convert infix to postfix is executed successfully and the output is
verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement infix to postfix by using stack
Page 23 of 43

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Ex: 4b APPLICATION OF LIST POLYNOMIAL ADDITION
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to add two polynomials

Algorithm:
Algorithm to add two polynomials using linked list is as follows:-

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Let p and q be the two polynomials represented by linked lists
1. While p and q are not null, repeat step 2.
2. If powers of the two terms are equal
then if the terms do not cancel
then insert the sum of the terms into the sum Polynomial

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Advance p
Advance q
Else if the power of the first polynomial> power of second
Then insert the term from first polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance p

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Else insert the term from second polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance q
3. copy the remaining terms from the non empty polynomial into the sum polynomial.
The third step of the algorithm is to be processed till the end of the polynomials has not been
reached.

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Sample Output:
Create 1st expression
Enter Coeff:1
Enter Pow:2

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Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 1st expression
The polynomial expression is:
1x^2
Page 24 of 43

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Create 2nd expression
Enter Coeff:2
Enter Pow:3
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 2nd expression

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The polynomial expression is:
2x^3
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3 + 1x^2
Add two more expressions (Y = 1/N = 0): 0

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...Program finished with exit code 0

Result:
Thus the C program to implement polynomial addition by using linked list is executed
successfully and the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement polynomial addition by using linked list
Viva Voce:
1. What is Stack
2. List the operations of stack.

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3. What is linked List
4. What is the format of infix expression
5. What is the format of postfix expression Page 25 of 43
Ex: 5a GRAPH REPRESENTATIONS
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program implement adjacent matrix and adjacency list

Algorithm:

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1. Create a graph with getting no. of vertices and no. of edges
2. Implement adjacency matrix
3. Implement adjacency list
4. Close the program

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Sample Output:
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency Matrix method

1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph

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3. Exit

Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertex In_Degree Out_Degree Total_Degree

1 2 0 2

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2 1 2 3

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3 0 1 1

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4 1 1 2


Page 26 of 43
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency List method

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1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit
Select a proper option :

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How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

Page 27 of 43

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Ex: 5b GRAPH TRAVERSAL
Date:

Aim:
To write a C program implement DFS and BFS graph traversal.

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Algorithm:
DFS
1. Define a Stack of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and push it on

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to the Stack.
3. Visit any one of the adjacent vertex of the verex which is at top of the stack
which is not visited and push it on to the stack.
4. Repeat step 3 until there are no new vertex to be visit from the vertex on top of
the stack.

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5. When there is no new vertex to be visit then use back tracking and pop one
vertex from the stack.
6. Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 until stack becomes Empty.
7. When stack becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph

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BFS
1. Define a Queue of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and insert it into
the Queue.

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3. Visit all the adjacent vertices of the verex which is at front of the Queue which is
not visited and insert them into the Queue.
4. When there is no new vertex to be visit from the vertex at front of the Queue then
delete that vertex from the Queue.
5. Repeat step 3 and 4 until queue becomes empty.

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6. When queue becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph
Sample Output:
Page 28 of 43

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement graph representation, Adjacency matrix and Adjacency
List, DFS and BFS are executed successfully and the outputs are verified.

Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:
1. Define Graph
2. List the operations of graph.
3. What are the different representations of graphs

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4. What are the two different graph traversals
5. Define DFS.
6. Define BFS.
7. List the application of DFS.
8. List the application of BFS.

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9. Define Indegree
10. Define Outdegree.

Page 29 of 43
Ex: 6 IMPLEMENTATION OF SEARCHING ALGORITHMS

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Date LINEAR SEARCH AND BINARY SEARCH


Aim:
To write a C Program to implement different searching techniques Linear and Binary

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search.

Algorithm:

Linear Search:

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1. Read the search element from the user
2. Compare, the search element with the first element in the list.
3. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the function
4. If both are not matching, then compare search element with the next element in the list.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the search element is compared with the last element in the list.

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6. If the last element in the list is also doesn't match, then display "Element not found!!!" and
terminate the function.
Binary search is implemented using following steps...
1. Read the search element from the user
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list

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3. Compare, the search element with the middle element in the sorted list.
4. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the
function
5. If both are not matching, then check whether the search element is smaller or
larger than middle element.

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6. If the search element is smaller than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and
5 for the left sublist of the middle element.
7. If the search element is larger than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and 5
for the right sublist of the middle element.
8. Repeat the same process until we find the search element in the list or until sublist

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contains only one element.
9. If that element also doesn't match with the search element, then display "Element
not found in the list!!!" and terminate the function.
Sample Output:
Linear Search

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Enter size of the list: 4 Enter any
4 integer values: 4 8 1 9
Enter the element to be Search: 9
Page 30 of 43
Element is found at 3 index

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...Program finished with exit code 10

Binary Search
Enter the size of the list: 4 Enter 4 i

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nteger values in Assending order 1 6 9 12

Enter value to be search: 9
Element found at index 2.

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement Linear search and binary search are executed
successfully and output are verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.

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Viva Voce:
1. Define Search
2. Define Sequential Search.
3. What is Linear Search
4. What is the time complexity of linear search

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5. What is Binary Search
6. What is the time complexity of linear search
7. List the application of Linear Search.
8. List the application of Binary Search. Page 31 of 43
Ex: 7 IMPLEMENTATION OF SORTING ALGORITHMS BUBBLE SORT, RADIX SORT,

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SHELL SORT

Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement different sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Radix Sort,
Shell Sort

Algorithm:

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Bubble Sort:
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement Bubble sort
Step 1: Repeat Steps 2 and 3 for i=1 to 10

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Step 2: Set j=1
Step 3: Repeat while j<=n
(A) if a[i] < a[j]
Then interchange a[i] and a[j]
[End of if]

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(B) Set j = j+1
[End of Inner Loop]
[End of Step 1 Outer Loop]
Step 4: Exit
4. Stop the program

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Shell Sort
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement shell sort

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4. Stop the program

Radix Sort
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].

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3. Implement radix sort
4. Stop the program
Page 32 of 43
Sample Output
Bubble sort

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Shell sort
Enter total no. of elements : 10
Enter numbers : 36 432 43 44 57 63 94 3 5 6

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Sorted array is : 3 5 6 36 43 44 57 63 94 432


Radix sort
$ gcc RadixSort.c

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$ ./a.out
Enter total no. of elements : 8
Enter numbers : 802 2 24 45 66 75 90 170
Sorted array is : 2 24 45 66 75 90 170 802

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement different sorting algorithms are executed successfully
and outputs are verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement different sorting algorithms.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is sorting
2. What are the different types of sorting
3. What is Bubble sort
4. What is Radix sort

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5. What is Shell sort
6. What is insertion sort
Page 33 of 43
7. Mention about Selection sort.
8. Compare Bubble and Radix sort.

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9. Compare Shell sort and Bubble sort
10. Compare Shell and Radix sort

Page 34 of 43
Ex. No: 8 IMPLEMENTATION OF HEAP

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DATE:

Aim:
To write a Cprogram to implement heap data structure

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Algorithm:
1. Start the program
2. Initially, declare n=0 for number of nodes in the heap
3. By using while, create a menu for all operations of heaps
4. Perform all the operation and display the result

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5. Stop the program

Output:
$ cc pgm66.c
$ a.out

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1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 30
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 50
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 70
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element

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3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Enter the elements to be deleted from the list: 10
10 not found in heap list

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1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2

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Enter the elements to be deleted from the list: 50
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
Page 35 of 43
3.Display all elements

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 100
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element

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3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
100 30 70
1.Insert the element

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2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement heap is executed successfully and output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement heap data structure.
Viva Voce:

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1. What is heap
2. What are called heap property
3. List the operations of heap.
4. What is order property
5. What is Shape property

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6. What is Priority queue
7. List the applications of heap.
8. List the types of heap.
Page 36 of 43
Ex. No: 9 IMPLEMENTATION OF BINARY TREE & ITS OPERATIONS

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DATE:


Aim:
To write a Cprogram to implement binary tree and its operation

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Algorithm:
1. Start the program
2. Create a tree
3. Perform the Insertion, Deletion and Search operation

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4. Display Preorder, Postorder, Inorder traversal data
5. Stop the program


Sample Output

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> IN ORDER -
> 0 2 2 8 9 9 16 17 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 23 26 28 29 35 37 40 41 45 50 51 54 62 63 6
3 64 66 66 68 69 7
0 71 73 75 76 76 78 79 79 80 83 83 85 86 89 91 91 95 96 96 101 101 101 102 103 104 10

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4 104 106 107 108 108 109 111 112
113 114 115 115 115 116 117 117 119 120 123 124 125 127 127 129 129 129 130 130 1
34 134 137 139 139 140 142 143 143

> PRE ORDER -

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> 127 101 21 21 2 2 0 8 20 18 16 9 9 17 19 19 20 96 51 22 35 26 23 28 29 37 45 40 41 5
0 79 76 66 66 63 5
4 63 62 64 73 68 69 71 70 76 75 79 78 89 86 80 83 83 85 91 91 95 96 101 101 116 108 1
02 107 106 104 104 103 104 108 11
3 112 109 111 115 115 115 114 120 117 117 119 127 125 124 123 129 129 129 140 137

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134 134 130 130 139 139 143 142 143

> POST ORDER -
> 0 2 9 9 17 16 19 20 19 18 20 8 2 21 23 29 28 26 41 40 50 45 37 35 22 62 63 54 64 63 6
6 70 71 69 68 75

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76 73 66 78 79 76 83 85 83 80 86 91 96 95 91 89 79 51 101 101 96 21 104 103 104 104
106 108 107 102 111 109 112 114 1
15 115 115 113 108 117 119 117 123 124 125 127 120 116 101 129 129 130 130 134 134
139 139 137 143 142 143 140 129 127

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> TEST SEARCH:
- 2
- 8
Page 37 of 43
- 9

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- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20

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- 21
- 22
- 23
- 26
- 28

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- 29
- 35
- 37
- 40
- 41

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- 45
- 50
- 51
- 54
- 62

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- 63
- 64
- 66
- 68
- 69

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- 70
- 71
- 73
- 75
- 76

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- 78
- 79
- 80
- 83
- 85

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- 86
- 89
- 91
- 95
- 96

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< SUCCESS > = 43 < FAILED > = 57

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...Program finished with exit code 0 Page 38 of 43
Result:
Thus the C programs to implement Binary tree is executed successfully and output is
verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement binary tree.
Page 39 of 43
Ex. No: 10 IMPLEMENTATION OF BINARY SEARCH TREE
DATE

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Aim:
To write a Cprogram to implement binary search tree

Algorithm:
1. Start the program

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2. Create a tree
3. Perform the Insertion, Deletion and Search operation
4. Display Preorder, Postorder, Inorder traversal data
5. Stop the program

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Sample Output:

cc tree43.c
$ a.out
OPERATIONS ---

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1 - Insert an element into tree
2 - Delete an element from the tree
3 - Inorder Traversal
4 - Preorder Traversal
5 - Postorder Traversal

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6 - Exit

Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 40

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Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 20

Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 10

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Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 30

Enter your choice : 1

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Enter data of node to be inserted : 60

Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 80

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Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 90

Enter your choice : 3
10 -> 20 -> 30 -> 40 -> 60 -> 80 -> 90 ->

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40
Page 40 of 43
/\
/ \

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20 60
/ \ \
10 30 80
\
90

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement Binary search tree is executed successfully and output
is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement binary search tree.

Viva Voce:
1. What is tree
2. What are called binary tree

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3. List the operations of binary tree.
4. What are the condition for left sub tree and right sub tree
5. What are called tree traversal
6. What is In-order
7. What is preorder

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8. What is postorder
9. What are called binary search tree
10. Compare Binary tree and Binary Search tree.
Page 41 of 43

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Ex. No: 11 HASHING TECHNIQUES
DATE


Aim:

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To write a Cprogram to implement hash table

Algorithm:
1. Create a structure, data (hash table item) with key and value as data.
2. Now create an array of structure, data of some certain size (10, in this case). But,

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the size of array must be immediately updated to a prime number just greater than
initial array capacity (i.e 10, in this case).
3. A menu is displayed on the screen.
4. User must choose one option from four choices given in the menu
5. Perform all the operations

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6. Stop the program

Sample Output

Implementation of Hash Table in C

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MENU-:
1. Inserting item in the Hash Table
2. Removing item from the Hash Table
3. Check the size of Hash Table
4. Display Hash Table

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Please enter your choice-: 3
Size of Hash Table is-: 0

Do you want to continue-:(press 1 for yes) 1

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Implementation of Hash Table in C
MENU-:
1. Inserting item in the Hash Table
2. Removing item from the Hash Table
3. Check the size of Hash Table

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4. Display Hash Table

Please enter your choice-: 1
Inserting element in Hash Table
Enter key -: 1

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


III SEMESTER - R 2017

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CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY



Name : _______________________________________

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Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL

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Page 2 of 43

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

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To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price

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tag on heart and soul
VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

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2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

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3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

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4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

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5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

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Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution

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e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable

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h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT

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3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs
4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees

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8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.
9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques

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TOTAL: 60 PERIODS


Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations

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Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a
given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data

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storage and retrieval

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43

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CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page

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No.
1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)

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Array implementation of Queue ADT

2.
Array implementation of List ADT

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3. a)
Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

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3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)

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Application of Stack ADT

4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

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5.
a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.

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Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

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8.
Implementation of Heaps

9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

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10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11

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Implementation of Hashing Technique

Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.

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2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().
3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]
to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and

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terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.

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Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.

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6. Close the program

Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

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STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY
--------------------------------
1.PUSH
2.POP
3.DISPLAY

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4.EXIT
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

Enter the Choice:1

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Enter a value to be pushed:24

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

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Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

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98
24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

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The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

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24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

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EXIT POINT

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and

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the output is verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

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Applications:
1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:

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1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)

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If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element

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from the front end of the queue.
Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then

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display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are
equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)

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Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

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Output:
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 15
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 20

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2

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Element deleted from queue is : 10

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :
15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

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Page 11 of 43
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.

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2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.


Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure

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2. What is array
3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack

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7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue
8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue

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Page 12 of 43
EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),

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display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n

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ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows

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(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined

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5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required

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element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence

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8. Close the program

Output:
Main Menu
1. Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
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4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69

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Enter the element: 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4

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Enter the position u need to insert: 2
Enter the element to insert: 56
The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:
67

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69
56
71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

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1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 2
Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert

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5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position

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Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
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1.Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5

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The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69
71
Do You Want to continue: N

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:

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1. What is array
2. Define ADT.
3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List

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6. How the search operation works in list
7. How will you find the list is full
8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.

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11.

Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:

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1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable

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function calls in the main method.
5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack
Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.

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If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.
Finally, set top = newNode.
6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate

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the function
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.
4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying stack of elements

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1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp
reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).

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5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Output
****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 3

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Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

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Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:2
Deleted Element: 5

****** MENU ******

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1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:3

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3-> NULL

****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:4
...Program finished with exit code 0
Result:

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Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list
Applications:

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1. It is very much useful in memory management
2.
Page 17 of 43

Aim:

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To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.

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2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.
5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue

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Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.
Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)
If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.
If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.
6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue

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Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
from the function
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.
Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).

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7. display() - Displaying queue of elements
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.
Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'

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reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).
Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Sample Output

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:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

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Ex. No. : 3b
Date:


LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT

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Page 18 of 43
Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******
1. Insert

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2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 7

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Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******
1. Insert

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2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Deleted element : 5

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice: 3
7 >>> NULL

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully

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and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked
list
Applications:

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1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue
2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an
order, until a service representative is free.
3.

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Page 19 of 43

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main
function program by through #include< Llist.h >
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().

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3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,

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Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)

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4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element

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from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.

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returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

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Sample Output:
List Adt Using Linked List
1.Create
2.Insert

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Ex. No. : 3c
Date:


LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT

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Page 20 of 43
3.Delete
4.MakeEmpty
5.Find
6.IsEmpty

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7.Display
8.Deletelist
9.Exit
Enter ur Option: 1
List is Created.

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Enter ur Option: 2
Enter the value: 100
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 200
Enter the Option: 2

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Enter the value: 300
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 400
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 500

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Enter the Option: 7
100
200
300
400

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500
Enter the Option: 3
Enter the value to delete: 200
Enter the Option: 7
100

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300
400
500
Enter the Option: 5
Enter the value to Find: 400

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Element present in the list
Enter the Option: 6
List contains some Elements
Enter the Option: 4
Now list is empty

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Enter the Option: 8
List is deleted
Enter the Option: 2
List is not created
Enter the Option: 10

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*******WRONG ENTRY******
Enter the Option: 9

Result:
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Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using linked list
Applications:

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1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is list
2. Define ADT.

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3. What is linked List
4. What are the different operations involved in List
5. How the search operation works in list
6. How will you find the list is full
7. How will you find the list is empty

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8. Define pointers in c.
9. How the list used in computer memory
10. What are the different types of linked list Page 22 of 43
EX . No: 4a APPLICATION OF STACK
DATE

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Aim:
To write a C program to convert infix expression to postfix expression

Algorithm:

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1. Push (onto Stack, and add ) to the end of X.
2. Scan X from left to right and repeat Step 3 to 6 for each element of X until the Stack is
empty.
3. If an operand is encountered, add it to Y.
4. If a left parenthesis is encountered, push it onto Stack.

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5. If an operator is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) which
has the same precedence as or higher precedence than operator.
2. Add operator to Stack.
[End of If]

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6. If a right parenthesis is encountered ,then:
1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) until
a left parenthesis is encountered.
2. Remove the left Parenthesis.
[End of If]

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[End of If]
7. END.
Sample Output:
Enter Infix expression : A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G)*H
Postfix Expression: ABC*DEF^/G*-H*+Fir

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Enter Infix expression : (3^2*5)/(3*2-3)+5
Postfix Expression: 32^5*32*3-/5+

Result:

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Thus the C program to convert infix to postfix is executed successfully and the output is
verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement infix to postfix by using stack
Page 23 of 43

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Ex: 4b APPLICATION OF LIST POLYNOMIAL ADDITION
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to add two polynomials

Algorithm:
Algorithm to add two polynomials using linked list is as follows:-

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Let p and q be the two polynomials represented by linked lists
1. While p and q are not null, repeat step 2.
2. If powers of the two terms are equal
then if the terms do not cancel
then insert the sum of the terms into the sum Polynomial

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Advance p
Advance q
Else if the power of the first polynomial> power of second
Then insert the term from first polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance p

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Else insert the term from second polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance q
3. copy the remaining terms from the non empty polynomial into the sum polynomial.
The third step of the algorithm is to be processed till the end of the polynomials has not been
reached.

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Sample Output:
Create 1st expression
Enter Coeff:1
Enter Pow:2

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Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 1st expression
The polynomial expression is:
1x^2
Page 24 of 43

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Create 2nd expression
Enter Coeff:2
Enter Pow:3
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 2nd expression

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The polynomial expression is:
2x^3
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3 + 1x^2
Add two more expressions (Y = 1/N = 0): 0

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...Program finished with exit code 0

Result:
Thus the C program to implement polynomial addition by using linked list is executed
successfully and the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement polynomial addition by using linked list
Viva Voce:
1. What is Stack
2. List the operations of stack.

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3. What is linked List
4. What is the format of infix expression
5. What is the format of postfix expression Page 25 of 43
Ex: 5a GRAPH REPRESENTATIONS
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program implement adjacent matrix and adjacency list

Algorithm:

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1. Create a graph with getting no. of vertices and no. of edges
2. Implement adjacency matrix
3. Implement adjacency list
4. Close the program

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Sample Output:
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency Matrix method

1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph

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3. Exit

Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N

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Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertex In_Degree Out_Degree Total_Degree

1 2 0 2

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2 1 2 3

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3 0 1 1

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4 1 1 2


Page 26 of 43
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency List method

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1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit
Select a proper option :

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How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

Page 27 of 43

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Ex: 5b GRAPH TRAVERSAL
Date:

Aim:
To write a C program implement DFS and BFS graph traversal.

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Algorithm:
DFS
1. Define a Stack of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and push it on

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to the Stack.
3. Visit any one of the adjacent vertex of the verex which is at top of the stack
which is not visited and push it on to the stack.
4. Repeat step 3 until there are no new vertex to be visit from the vertex on top of
the stack.

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5. When there is no new vertex to be visit then use back tracking and pop one
vertex from the stack.
6. Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 until stack becomes Empty.
7. When stack becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph

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BFS
1. Define a Queue of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and insert it into
the Queue.

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3. Visit all the adjacent vertices of the verex which is at front of the Queue which is
not visited and insert them into the Queue.
4. When there is no new vertex to be visit from the vertex at front of the Queue then
delete that vertex from the Queue.
5. Repeat step 3 and 4 until queue becomes empty.

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6. When queue becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph
Sample Output:
Page 28 of 43

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement graph representation, Adjacency matrix and Adjacency
List, DFS and BFS are executed successfully and the outputs are verified.

Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:
1. Define Graph
2. List the operations of graph.
3. What are the different representations of graphs

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4. What are the two different graph traversals
5. Define DFS.
6. Define BFS.
7. List the application of DFS.
8. List the application of BFS.

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9. Define Indegree
10. Define Outdegree.

Page 29 of 43
Ex: 6 IMPLEMENTATION OF SEARCHING ALGORITHMS

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Date LINEAR SEARCH AND BINARY SEARCH


Aim:
To write a C Program to implement different searching techniques Linear and Binary

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search.

Algorithm:

Linear Search:

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1. Read the search element from the user
2. Compare, the search element with the first element in the list.
3. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the function
4. If both are not matching, then compare search element with the next element in the list.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the search element is compared with the last element in the list.

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6. If the last element in the list is also doesn't match, then display "Element not found!!!" and
terminate the function.
Binary search is implemented using following steps...
1. Read the search element from the user
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list

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3. Compare, the search element with the middle element in the sorted list.
4. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the
function
5. If both are not matching, then check whether the search element is smaller or
larger than middle element.

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6. If the search element is smaller than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and
5 for the left sublist of the middle element.
7. If the search element is larger than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and 5
for the right sublist of the middle element.
8. Repeat the same process until we find the search element in the list or until sublist

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contains only one element.
9. If that element also doesn't match with the search element, then display "Element
not found in the list!!!" and terminate the function.
Sample Output:
Linear Search

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Enter size of the list: 4 Enter any
4 integer values: 4 8 1 9
Enter the element to be Search: 9
Page 30 of 43
Element is found at 3 index

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...Program finished with exit code 10

Binary Search
Enter the size of the list: 4 Enter 4 i

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nteger values in Assending order 1 6 9 12

Enter value to be search: 9
Element found at index 2.

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement Linear search and binary search are executed
successfully and output are verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.

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Viva Voce:
1. Define Search
2. Define Sequential Search.
3. What is Linear Search
4. What is the time complexity of linear search

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5. What is Binary Search
6. What is the time complexity of linear search
7. List the application of Linear Search.
8. List the application of Binary Search. Page 31 of 43
Ex: 7 IMPLEMENTATION OF SORTING ALGORITHMS BUBBLE SORT, RADIX SORT,

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SHELL SORT

Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement different sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Radix Sort,
Shell Sort

Algorithm:

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Bubble Sort:
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement Bubble sort
Step 1: Repeat Steps 2 and 3 for i=1 to 10

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Step 2: Set j=1
Step 3: Repeat while j<=n
(A) if a[i] < a[j]
Then interchange a[i] and a[j]
[End of if]

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(B) Set j = j+1
[End of Inner Loop]
[End of Step 1 Outer Loop]
Step 4: Exit
4. Stop the program

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Shell Sort
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement shell sort

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4. Stop the program

Radix Sort
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].

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3. Implement radix sort
4. Stop the program
Page 32 of 43
Sample Output
Bubble sort

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Shell sort
Enter total no. of elements : 10
Enter numbers : 36 432 43 44 57 63 94 3 5 6

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Sorted array is : 3 5 6 36 43 44 57 63 94 432


Radix sort
$ gcc RadixSort.c

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$ ./a.out
Enter total no. of elements : 8
Enter numbers : 802 2 24 45 66 75 90 170
Sorted array is : 2 24 45 66 75 90 170 802

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement different sorting algorithms are executed successfully
and outputs are verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement different sorting algorithms.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is sorting
2. What are the different types of sorting
3. What is Bubble sort
4. What is Radix sort

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5. What is Shell sort
6. What is insertion sort
Page 33 of 43
7. Mention about Selection sort.
8. Compare Bubble and Radix sort.

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9. Compare Shell sort and Bubble sort
10. Compare Shell and Radix sort

Page 34 of 43
Ex. No: 8 IMPLEMENTATION OF HEAP

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DATE:

Aim:
To write a Cprogram to implement heap data structure

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Algorithm:
1. Start the program
2. Initially, declare n=0 for number of nodes in the heap
3. By using while, create a menu for all operations of heaps
4. Perform all the operation and display the result

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5. Stop the program

Output:
$ cc pgm66.c
$ a.out

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1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 30
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 50
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 70
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element

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3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Enter the elements to be deleted from the list: 10
10 not found in heap list

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1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2

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Enter the elements to be deleted from the list: 50
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
Page 35 of 43
3.Display all elements

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 100
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element

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3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
100 30 70
1.Insert the element

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2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement heap is executed successfully and output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement heap data structure.
Viva Voce:

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1. What is heap
2. What are called heap property
3. List the operations of heap.
4. What is order property
5. What is Shape property

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6. What is Priority queue
7. List the applications of heap.
8. List the types of heap.
Page 36 of 43
Ex. No: 9 IMPLEMENTATION OF BINARY TREE & ITS OPERATIONS

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DATE:


Aim:
To write a Cprogram to implement binary tree and its operation

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Algorithm:
1. Start the program
2. Create a tree
3. Perform the Insertion, Deletion and Search operation

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4. Display Preorder, Postorder, Inorder traversal data
5. Stop the program


Sample Output

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> IN ORDER -
> 0 2 2 8 9 9 16 17 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 23 26 28 29 35 37 40 41 45 50 51 54 62 63 6
3 64 66 66 68 69 7
0 71 73 75 76 76 78 79 79 80 83 83 85 86 89 91 91 95 96 96 101 101 101 102 103 104 10

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4 104 106 107 108 108 109 111 112
113 114 115 115 115 116 117 117 119 120 123 124 125 127 127 129 129 129 130 130 1
34 134 137 139 139 140 142 143 143

> PRE ORDER -

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> 127 101 21 21 2 2 0 8 20 18 16 9 9 17 19 19 20 96 51 22 35 26 23 28 29 37 45 40 41 5
0 79 76 66 66 63 5
4 63 62 64 73 68 69 71 70 76 75 79 78 89 86 80 83 83 85 91 91 95 96 101 101 116 108 1
02 107 106 104 104 103 104 108 11
3 112 109 111 115 115 115 114 120 117 117 119 127 125 124 123 129 129 129 140 137

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134 134 130 130 139 139 143 142 143

> POST ORDER -
> 0 2 9 9 17 16 19 20 19 18 20 8 2 21 23 29 28 26 41 40 50 45 37 35 22 62 63 54 64 63 6
6 70 71 69 68 75

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76 73 66 78 79 76 83 85 83 80 86 91 96 95 91 89 79 51 101 101 96 21 104 103 104 104
106 108 107 102 111 109 112 114 1
15 115 115 113 108 117 119 117 123 124 125 127 120 116 101 129 129 130 130 134 134
139 139 137 143 142 143 140 129 127

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> TEST SEARCH:
- 2
- 8
Page 37 of 43
- 9

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- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20

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- 21
- 22
- 23
- 26
- 28

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- 29
- 35
- 37
- 40
- 41

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- 45
- 50
- 51
- 54
- 62

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- 63
- 64
- 66
- 68
- 69

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- 70
- 71
- 73
- 75
- 76

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- 78
- 79
- 80
- 83
- 85

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- 86
- 89
- 91
- 95
- 96

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< SUCCESS > = 43 < FAILED > = 57

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...Program finished with exit code 0 Page 38 of 43
Result:
Thus the C programs to implement Binary tree is executed successfully and output is
verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement binary tree.
Page 39 of 43
Ex. No: 10 IMPLEMENTATION OF BINARY SEARCH TREE
DATE

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Aim:
To write a Cprogram to implement binary search tree

Algorithm:
1. Start the program

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2. Create a tree
3. Perform the Insertion, Deletion and Search operation
4. Display Preorder, Postorder, Inorder traversal data
5. Stop the program

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Sample Output:

cc tree43.c
$ a.out
OPERATIONS ---

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1 - Insert an element into tree
2 - Delete an element from the tree
3 - Inorder Traversal
4 - Preorder Traversal
5 - Postorder Traversal

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6 - Exit

Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 40

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Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 20

Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 10

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Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 30

Enter your choice : 1

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Enter data of node to be inserted : 60

Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 80

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Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 90

Enter your choice : 3
10 -> 20 -> 30 -> 40 -> 60 -> 80 -> 90 ->

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40
Page 40 of 43
/\
/ \

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20 60
/ \ \
10 30 80
\
90

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement Binary search tree is executed successfully and output
is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement binary search tree.

Viva Voce:
1. What is tree
2. What are called binary tree

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3. List the operations of binary tree.
4. What are the condition for left sub tree and right sub tree
5. What are called tree traversal
6. What is In-order
7. What is preorder

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8. What is postorder
9. What are called binary search tree
10. Compare Binary tree and Binary Search tree.
Page 41 of 43

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Ex. No: 11 HASHING TECHNIQUES
DATE


Aim:

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To write a Cprogram to implement hash table

Algorithm:
1. Create a structure, data (hash table item) with key and value as data.
2. Now create an array of structure, data of some certain size (10, in this case). But,

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the size of array must be immediately updated to a prime number just greater than
initial array capacity (i.e 10, in this case).
3. A menu is displayed on the screen.
4. User must choose one option from four choices given in the menu
5. Perform all the operations

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6. Stop the program

Sample Output

Implementation of Hash Table in C

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MENU-:
1. Inserting item in the Hash Table
2. Removing item from the Hash Table
3. Check the size of Hash Table
4. Display Hash Table

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Please enter your choice-: 3
Size of Hash Table is-: 0

Do you want to continue-:(press 1 for yes) 1

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Implementation of Hash Table in C
MENU-:
1. Inserting item in the Hash Table
2. Removing item from the Hash Table
3. Check the size of Hash Table

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4. Display Hash Table

Please enter your choice-: 1
Inserting element in Hash Table
Enter key -: 1

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Page 42 of 43
key (1) and value (1) has been inserted

Do you want to continue-:(press 1 for yes) 1

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Implementation of Hash Table in C chaining with singly linked list
MENU-:
1. Inserting item in the Hash Table
2. Removing item from the Hash Table
3. Check the size of Hash Table

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4. Display Hash Table

Please enter your choice-: 4
array[0] has no elements
array[1] has no elements key = 1 and value = 1

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array[2] has no elements
array[3] has no elements
array[4] has no elements
array[5] has no elements
array[6] has no elements

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array[7] has no elements
array[8] has no elements
array[9] has no elements
*****************************

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Do you want to continue-:(press 1 for yes) 1
Implementation of Hash Table in C
MENU-:
1. Inserting item in the Hash Table
2. Removing item from the Hash Table

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3. Check the size of Hash Table
4. Display Hash Table

Please enter your choice-: 2
Deleting key from Hash Table

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Enter the key to delete-: 3

This key does not exist.

Do you want to continue-:(press 1 for yes) 1

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Implementation of Hash Table in C
MENU-:
1. Inserting item in the Hash Table
2. Removing item from the Hash Table
3. Check the size of Hash Table

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Page 1 of 43


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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III SEMESTER - R 2017

CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL
Page 2 of 43

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

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To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

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VISION
MISSION
Page 3 of 43
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

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2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS

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To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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Page 4 of 43
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field

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b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT

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tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to

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convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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Page 5 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

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To implement linear and non-linear data structures
To understand the different operations of search trees
To implement graph traversal algorithms
To get familiarized to sorting and searching algorithms

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Array implementation of Stack and Queue ADTs
2. Array implementation of List ADT
3. Linked list implementation of Stack, Queue and List ADTs

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4. Applications of List, Stack and Queue ADTs
5. Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary Trees
6. Implementation of Binary Search Trees
7. Implementation of AVL Trees
8. Implementation of Heaps using Priority Queues.

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9. Graph representation and Traversal algorithms
10. Applications of Graphs
11. Implementation of searching and sorting algorithms
12. Hashing any two collision techniques
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write functions to implement linear and non-linear data structure operations
Suggest appropriate linear / non-linear data structure operations for solving a

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given problem
Appropriately use the linear / non-linear data structure operations for a given
problem
Apply appropriate hash functions that result in a collision free scenario for data
storage and retrieval

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Page 6 of 43
CS8381 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

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CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.

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1.a)
Array implementation of Stack ADT

1.b)
Array implementation of Queue ADT

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2.
Array implementation of List ADT

3. a)

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Linked list implementation of Stack ADT

3. b)
Linked list implementation of Queue ADT

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3. c)
Linked list implementation of List ADT

4. a)
Application of Stack ADT

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4. b)
Application of Queue ADT

5.

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a. Graph Representation
b. Graph Traversal DFS and BFS

6.
Implementation of Searching algorithms - Linear Search and Binary Search

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7.
Implementation of Sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Shell Sort, Radix Sort

8.

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Implementation of Heaps

9.
Implementation of Binary Trees and operations of Binary trees

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10.
Implementation of Binary Search Tree

11
Implementation of Hashing Technique

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Page 7 of 43
Ex. No: 1a IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim: To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Stack[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - PUSH(), POP() and DISPLAY().

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3. By using Switch case, select push() operation to insert element in the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is FULL. (top == SIZE-1)
Step 2: If it is FULL, then display "Stack is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT FULL, then increment top value by one (top++) and set stack[top]

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to value (stack[top] = value).
4. Similarly, By using Switch case, select pop() operation to delete element from the stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then delete stack[top] and decrement top value by one
(top--).
5. Similarly, By using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element from the
stack.
Step 1: Check whether stack is EMPTY. (top == -1)

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Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Stack is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define a variable 'i' and initialize with top. Display
stack[i] value and decrement i value by one (i--).
Step 3: Repeat above step until i value becomes '0'.
6. Close the program

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Sample output :
Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:10

STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY

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--------------------------------
1.PUSH
2.POP
3.DISPLAY
4.EXIT

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Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:12

Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:24

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Page 8 of 43
Enter the Choice:1
Enter a value to be pushed:98

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Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

98

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24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:2

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The popped elements is 98
Enter the Choice:3

The elements in STACK

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24
12
Press Next Choice
Enter the Choice:4

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EXIT POINT

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using array

Applications:

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1. Expression evaluation
2. Function call and return process. Page 9 of 43
Ex. No: 1b IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using arrays

Algorithm:
1. Create a Queue[ ] with MAX size as your wish.

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2. Write function for all the basic operations of stack - Enqueue(), Dequeue() and Display().
3. By using Switch case, select Enqueue() operation to insert element in to the rear/back end
of the queue.
Check whether queue is FULL. (rear == SIZE-1)
If it is FULL, then display "Queue is FULL!!! Insertion is not possible!!!" and terminate

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the function.
If it is NOT FULL, then increment rear value by one (rear++) and set queue[rear] =
value
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select Dequeue() function is used to remove the element
from the front end of the queue.

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Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and
terminate the function.
Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then increment the front value by one (front ++). Then
display queue[front] as deleted element. Then check whether both front and rear are

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equal (front == rear), if it TRUE, then set both front and rear to '-1' (front = rear = -1).
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the
queue.
Step 1: Check whether queue is EMPTY. (front == rear)
Step 2: If it is EMPTY, then display "Queue is EMPTY!!!" and terminate the function.

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Step 3: If it is NOT EMPTY, then define an integer variable 'i' and set 'i = front+1'.
Step 3: Display 'queue[i]' value and increment 'i' value by one (i++). Repeat the same
until 'i' value is equal to rear (i <= rear)
6. Close the program

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Output:
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 10

1.Insert element to queue
Page 10 of 43

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 15

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Inset the element in queue : 20

1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Inset the element in queue : 30

1.Insert element to queue

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2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Element deleted from queue is : 10

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1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue
3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 3
Queue is :
15 20 30
1.Insert element to queue
2.Delete element from queue

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3.Display all elements of queue
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

Page 11 of 43

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using array is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using array

Applications:
1. Queue is used by Operating systems for job scheduling.
2. Queue is used in networking to handle congestion.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is linear and Non-linear data structure
2. What is array

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3. Define ADT.
4. What is Stack and list the operations of stack
5. What is Queue and list the operations of queue
6. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in stack
7. How the insertion and deletion takes plays in queue

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8. What is push in stack
9. What is pop in stack
10. What is enqueue
11. What is dequeue
Page 12 of 43

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EX NO: 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
DATE

Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using arrays

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Algorithm:
1. Create an array[ ] with MAX size as your wish.
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().

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3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.
List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,

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Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N
Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)

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4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.
Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element

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from the list.
delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.

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returns element at position p on L
undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

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Output:
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete

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3. Search
Page 13 of 43
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the number of nodes 3
Enter the element: 67
Enter the element: 69
Enter the element: 71

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Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1. Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 4
Enter the position u need to insert: 2

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Enter the element to insert: 56
The list after insertion:
The elements of the list ADT are:
67
69

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56
71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu
1.Create

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2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit

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Enter your Choice: 2
Enter the position u want to delete: 2
The elements after deletion: 67 69 71
Do You Want to continue: y
Main Menu

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1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search
4. Insert
5.Display

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6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 3
Enter the element to be searched: 69
Value is in 1 position
Do You Want to continue: y

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Main Menu
Page 14 of 43
1.Create
2. Delete
3. Search

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4. Insert
5.Display
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 5
The elements of the list ADT are:

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67
69
71
Do You Want to continue: N

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using array is executed successfully and the
output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using array

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Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.
Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is array

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2. Define ADT.
3. What is List
4. Differentiate List and Array.
5. What are the different operations involved in List
6. How the search operation works in list

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7. How will you find the list is full
8. How will you find the list is empty
9. Is the list belongs to linear data structure Justify
10. Differentiate List and Linked list.
11.

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Page 15 of 43
Ex. No. : 3a LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK ADT
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined

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functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.
3. Define a Node pointer 'top' and set it to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu with list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method.

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5. push(value) - Inserting an element into the Stack
Create a newNode with given value.
Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL)
If it is Empty, then set newNode next = NULL.
If it is Not Empty, then set newNode next = top.

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Finally, set top = newNode.
6. pop() - Deleting an Element from a Stack
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).
2. If it is Empty, then display "Stack is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
the function

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3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'top'.
4. Then set 'top = top next'.
5. Finally, delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying stack of elements
1. Check whether stack is Empty (top == NULL).

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2. If it is Empty, then display 'Stack is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
3. If it is Not Empty, then define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with top.
4. Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until temp
reaches to the first node in the stack (temp next != NULL).
5. Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

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Output
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 3
Page 16 of 43

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Insertion Success
****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

Insertion Success

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit

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Enter your choice:2
Deleted Element: 5

****** MENU ******
1. Push

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2. Pop
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice:3
3-> NULL

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****** MENU ******
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice:4
...Program finished with exit code 0
Result:
Thus the C program to implement Stack ADT by using linked list is executed successfully

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and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Stack by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in memory management

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2.
Page 17 of 43

Aim:
To write a C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list

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Algorithm:
1. Include all the header files which are used in the program. And declare all the user defined
functions.
2. Define a 'Node' structure with two members data and next.

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3. Define two Node pointers 'front' and 'rear' and set both to NULL.
4. Implement the main method by displaying Menu of list of operations and make suitable
function calls in the main method to perform user selected operation.
5. enqueue(value) - Inserting an element into the queue
Create a newNode with given value and set 'newNode next' to NULL.

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Check whether queue is Empty (rear == NULL)
If it is Empty then, set front = newNode and rear = newNode.
If it is Not Empty then, set rear next = newNode and rear = newNode.
6. dequeue() - Deleting an Element from queue
Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).

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If it is Empty, then display "Queue is Empty!!! Deletion is not possible!!!" and terminate
from the function
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and set it to 'front'.
Then set 'front = front next' and delete 'temp' (free(temp)).
7. display() - Displaying queue of elements

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Check whether queue is Empty (front == NULL).
If it is Empty then, display 'Queue is Empty!!!' and terminate the function.
If it is Not Empty then, define a Node pointer 'temp' and initialize with front.
Display 'temp data --->' and move it to the next node. Repeat the same until 'temp'
reaches to 'rear' (temp next != NULL).

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Finally! Display 'temp data ---> NULL'.

Sample Output

:: Queue Implementation using Linked List ::

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****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display

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4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 5

Ex. No. : 3b

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Date:


LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF QUEUE ADT
Page 18 of 43

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Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to be insert: 7

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Insertion is Success!!!

****** MENU ******
1. Insert
2. Delete

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3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Deleted element : 5
****** MENU ******

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1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Exit
Enter your choice: 3

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7 >>> NULL

Result:
Thus the C program to implement Queue ADT by using linked list is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure Queue by using linked
list
Applications:
1. CPU scheduling algorithms implemented by using queue

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2. In real life, Call Center phone systems will use Queues, to hold people calling them in an
order, until a service representative is free.
3.

Page 19 of 43

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Aim:
To write a C program to implement List ADT by using linked list

Algorithm:

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1. Create the header file Llist.h header file and we are include there header file into the main
function program by through #include< Llist.h >
2. Write function for all the basic operations of list - create(), insert(), deletion(), search(),
display().
3. By using Switch case, select create() operation to create the list.

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List Will be in the form: A 1, A 2, A 3, .... A n
First Element of the List: A 1
Last Element of the List: A n
ith Element of the List: A i ,
Position of Element A i : i , Position ranges from 0 to N

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Size of the List: N
Empty List: If Size of the list is Zero (i.e N=0), it is Empty List.
Precedes and Succeeds: For any list except empty list, we say that Ai+1 follows
(or succeeds) A i (i< and that A i-1 precedes Ai (i>1)
4. Similarly, by using Switch case, select insert() operation to insert element in the list.

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Insert x at position p in list L
If p = END(L), insert x at the end
If L does not have position p, result is undefined
5. Similarly, by using Switch case, select delete() function is used to remove the element
from the list.

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delete element at position p in L
undefined if p = END(L) or does not exist
6. Similarly, by using Switch case, select search() function is used to retrieve the required
element from the list if it is available.
returns element at position p on L

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undefined if p does not exist or p = END(L)
7. Similarly, by using Switch case, select display() operation to display all element of the list
print the elements of L in order of occurrence
8. Close the program

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Sample Output:
List Adt Using Linked List
1.Create
2.Insert
Ex. No. : 3c

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Date:


LINKED LIST IMPLEMENTATION OF LIST ADT
Page 20 of 43

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3.Delete
4.MakeEmpty
5.Find
6.IsEmpty
7.Display

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8.Deletelist
9.Exit
Enter ur Option: 1
List is Created.
Enter ur Option: 2

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Enter the value: 100
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 200
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 300

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Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 400
Enter the Option: 2
Enter the value: 500
Enter the Option: 7

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100
200
300
400
500

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Enter the Option: 3
Enter the value to delete: 200
Enter the Option: 7
100
300

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400
500
Enter the Option: 5
Enter the value to Find: 400
Element present in the list

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Enter the Option: 6
List contains some Elements
Enter the Option: 4
Now list is empty
Enter the Option: 8

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List is deleted
Enter the Option: 2
List is not created
Enter the Option: 10
*******WRONG ENTRY******

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Enter the Option: 9

Result:
Page 21 of 43
Thus the C program to implement List ADT by using linked list is executed successfully

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and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement Linear Data Structure List by using linked list
Applications:
1. It is very much useful in sorting algorithms.

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Example: Selection sort
Viva Voce:
1. What is list
2. Define ADT.
3. What is linked List

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4. What are the different operations involved in List
5. How the search operation works in list
6. How will you find the list is full
7. How will you find the list is empty
8. Define pointers in c.

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9. How the list used in computer memory
10. What are the different types of linked list Page 22 of 43
EX . No: 4a APPLICATION OF STACK
DATE

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Aim:
To write a C program to convert infix expression to postfix expression

Algorithm:
1. Push (onto Stack, and add ) to the end of X.

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2. Scan X from left to right and repeat Step 3 to 6 for each element of X until the Stack is
empty.
3. If an operand is encountered, add it to Y.
4. If a left parenthesis is encountered, push it onto Stack.
5. If an operator is encountered ,then:

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1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) which
has the same precedence as or higher precedence than operator.
2. Add operator to Stack.
[End of If]
6. If a right parenthesis is encountered ,then:

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1. Repeatedly pop from Stack and add to Y each operator (on the top of Stack) until
a left parenthesis is encountered.
2. Remove the left Parenthesis.
[End of If]
[End of If]

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7. END.
Sample Output:
Enter Infix expression : A+(B*C-(D/E^F)*G)*H
Postfix Expression: ABC*DEF^/G*-H*+Fir

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Enter Infix expression : (3^2*5)/(3*2-3)+5
Postfix Expression: 32^5*32*3-/5+

Result:
Thus the C program to convert infix to postfix is executed successfully and the output is

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verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement infix to postfix by using stack
Page 23 of 43

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Ex: 4b APPLICATION OF LIST POLYNOMIAL ADDITION
Date:


Aim:

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To write a C program to add two polynomials

Algorithm:
Algorithm to add two polynomials using linked list is as follows:-
Let p and q be the two polynomials represented by linked lists

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1. While p and q are not null, repeat step 2.
2. If powers of the two terms are equal
then if the terms do not cancel
then insert the sum of the terms into the sum Polynomial
Advance p

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Advance q
Else if the power of the first polynomial> power of second
Then insert the term from first polynomial into sum polynomial
Advance p
Else insert the term from second polynomial into sum polynomial

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Advance q
3. copy the remaining terms from the non empty polynomial into the sum polynomial.
The third step of the algorithm is to be processed till the end of the polynomials has not been
reached.

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Sample Output:
Create 1st expression
Enter Coeff:1
Enter Pow:2
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0

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Stored the 1st expression
The polynomial expression is:
1x^2
Page 24 of 43
Create 2nd expression

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Enter Coeff:2
Enter Pow:3
Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list(Y = 1/N = 0): 0
Stored the 2nd expression
The polynomial expression is:

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2x^3
The polynomial expression is:
2x^3 + 1x^2
Add two more expressions (Y = 1/N = 0): 0
...Program finished with exit code 0

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Result:
Thus the C program to implement polynomial addition by using linked list is executed
successfully and the output is verified.
Program Outcome:

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Thus the student can know to implement polynomial addition by using linked list
Viva Voce:
1. What is Stack
2. List the operations of stack.
3. What is linked List

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4. What is the format of infix expression
5. What is the format of postfix expression Page 25 of 43
Ex: 5a GRAPH REPRESENTATIONS
Date:

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Aim:
To write a C program implement adjacent matrix and adjacency list

Algorithm:
1. Create a graph with getting no. of vertices and no. of edges

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2. Implement adjacency matrix
3. Implement adjacency list
4. Close the program

Sample Output:

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A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency Matrix method

1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit

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Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :
Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertex In_Degree Out_Degree Total_Degree

1 2 0 2

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2 1 2 3

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3 0 1 1



4 1 1 2

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Page 26 of 43
A Program to represent a Graph by using an Adjacency List method

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1. Directed Graph
2. Un-Directed Graph
3. Exit
Select a proper option :
How Many Vertices :

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Vertices 1 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 1 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 1 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 2 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 2 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 3 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 3 & 4 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y
Vertices 4 & 1 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

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Vertices 4 & 2 are Adjacent (Y/ : N
Vertices 4 & 3 are Adjacent (Y/ : Y

Page 27 of 43
Ex: 5b GRAPH TRAVERSAL

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Date:

Aim:
To write a C program implement DFS and BFS graph traversal.

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Algorithm:
DFS
1. Define a Stack of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and push it on
to the Stack.

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3. Visit any one of the adjacent vertex of the verex which is at top of the stack
which is not visited and push it on to the stack.
4. Repeat step 3 until there are no new vertex to be visit from the vertex on top of
the stack.
5. When there is no new vertex to be visit then use back tracking and pop one

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vertex from the stack.
6. Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 until stack becomes Empty.
7. When stack becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing
unused edges from the graph

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BFS
1. Define a Queue of size total number of vertices in the graph.
2. Select any vertex as starting point for traversal. Visit that vertex and insert it into
the Queue.
3. Visit all the adjacent vertices of the verex which is at front of the Queue which is

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not visited and insert them into the Queue.
4. When there is no new vertex to be visit from the vertex at front of the Queue then
delete that vertex from the Queue.
5. Repeat step 3 and 4 until queue becomes empty.
6. When queue becomes Empty, then produce final spanning tree by removing

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unused edges from the graph
Sample Output:
Page 28 of 43

Result:

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Thus the C programs to implement graph representation, Adjacency matrix and Adjacency
List, DFS and BFS are executed successfully and the outputs are verified.

Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.

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Viva Voce:
1. Define Graph
2. List the operations of graph.
3. What are the different representations of graphs
4. What are the two different graph traversals

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5. Define DFS.
6. Define BFS.
7. List the application of DFS.
8. List the application of BFS.
9. Define Indegree

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10. Define Outdegree.

Page 29 of 43
Ex: 6 IMPLEMENTATION OF SEARCHING ALGORITHMS
Date LINEAR SEARCH AND BINARY SEARCH

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Aim:
To write a C Program to implement different searching techniques Linear and Binary
search.

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Algorithm:

Linear Search:
1. Read the search element from the user

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2. Compare, the search element with the first element in the list.
3. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the function
4. If both are not matching, then compare search element with the next element in the list.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the search element is compared with the last element in the list.
6. If the last element in the list is also doesn't match, then display "Element not found!!!" and

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terminate the function.
Binary search is implemented using following steps...
1. Read the search element from the user
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare, the search element with the middle element in the sorted list.

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4. If both are matching, then display "Given element found!!!" and terminate the
function
5. If both are not matching, then check whether the search element is smaller or
larger than middle element.
6. If the search element is smaller than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and

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5 for the left sublist of the middle element.
7. If the search element is larger than middle element, then repeat steps 2, 3, 4 and 5
for the right sublist of the middle element.
8. Repeat the same process until we find the search element in the list or until sublist
contains only one element.

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9. If that element also doesn't match with the search element, then display "Element
not found in the list!!!" and terminate the function.
Sample Output:
Linear Search
Enter size of the list: 4 Enter any

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4 integer values: 4 8 1 9
Enter the element to be Search: 9
Page 30 of 43
Element is found at 3 index

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...Program finished with exit code 10

Binary Search
Enter the size of the list: 4 Enter 4 i
nteger values in Assending order 1 6 9 12

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Enter value to be search: 9
Element found at index 2.

Result:

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Thus the C programs to implement Linear search and binary search are executed
successfully and output are verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement graph representation and graph traversal.
Viva Voce:

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1. Define Search
2. Define Sequential Search.
3. What is Linear Search
4. What is the time complexity of linear search
5. What is Binary Search

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6. What is the time complexity of linear search
7. List the application of Linear Search.
8. List the application of Binary Search. Page 31 of 43
Ex: 7 IMPLEMENTATION OF SORTING ALGORITHMS BUBBLE SORT, RADIX SORT,
SHELL SORT

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Date:


Aim:

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To write a C program to implement different sorting algorithms - Bubble Sort, Radix Sort,
Shell Sort

Algorithm:
Bubble Sort:

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1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement Bubble sort
Step 1: Repeat Steps 2 and 3 for i=1 to 10
Step 2: Set j=1

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Step 3: Repeat while j<=n
(A) if a[i] < a[j]
Then interchange a[i] and a[j]
[End of if]
(B) Set j = j+1

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[End of Inner Loop]
[End of Step 1 Outer Loop]
Step 4: Exit
4. Stop the program

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Shell Sort
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement shell sort
4. Stop the program

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Radix Sort
1. Read the value of n
2. Get the inputs for array[n].
3. Implement radix sort

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4. Stop the program
Page 32 of 43
Sample Output
Bubble sort

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Shell sort
Enter total no. of elements : 10
Enter numbers : 36 432 43 44 57 63 94 3 5 6
Sorted array is : 3 5 6 36 43 44 57 63 94 432

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Radix sort
$ gcc RadixSort.c
$ ./a.out

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Enter total no. of elements : 8
Enter numbers : 802 2 24 45 66 75 90 170
Sorted array is : 2 24 45 66 75 90 170 802

Result:

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Thus the C programs to implement different sorting algorithms are executed successfully
and outputs are verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement different sorting algorithms.
Viva Voce:

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1. What is sorting
2. What are the different types of sorting
3. What is Bubble sort
4. What is Radix sort
5. What is Shell sort

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6. What is insertion sort
Page 33 of 43
7. Mention about Selection sort.
8. Compare Bubble and Radix sort.
9. Compare Shell sort and Bubble sort

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10. Compare Shell and Radix sort

Page 34 of 43
Ex. No: 8 IMPLEMENTATION OF HEAP
DATE:

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Aim:
To write a Cprogram to implement heap data structure

Algorithm:

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1. Start the program
2. Initially, declare n=0 for number of nodes in the heap
3. By using while, create a menu for all operations of heaps
4. Perform all the operation and display the result
5. Stop the program

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Output:
$ cc pgm66.c
$ a.out
1.Insert the element

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2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 30

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1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 1

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Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 50
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 70
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Enter the elements to be deleted from the list: 10
10 not found in heap list
1.Insert the element

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2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 2
Enter the elements to be deleted from the list: 50

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1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
Page 35 of 43
3.Display all elements
4.Quit

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Enter your choice : 1
Enter the element to be inserted to the list : 100
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element
3.Display all elements

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4.Quit
Enter your choice : 3
100 30 70
1.Insert the element
2.Delete the element

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3.Display all elements
4.Quit
Enter your choice : 4

Result:

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Thus the C programs to implement heap is executed successfully and output is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement heap data structure.
Viva Voce:
1. What is heap

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2. What are called heap property
3. List the operations of heap.
4. What is order property
5. What is Shape property
6. What is Priority queue

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7. List the applications of heap.
8. List the types of heap.
Page 36 of 43
Ex. No: 9 IMPLEMENTATION OF BINARY TREE & ITS OPERATIONS
DATE:

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Aim:
To write a Cprogram to implement binary tree and its operation

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Algorithm:
1. Start the program
2. Create a tree
3. Perform the Insertion, Deletion and Search operation
4. Display Preorder, Postorder, Inorder traversal data

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5. Stop the program


Sample Output

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> IN ORDER -
> 0 2 2 8 9 9 16 17 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 23 26 28 29 35 37 40 41 45 50 51 54 62 63 6
3 64 66 66 68 69 7
0 71 73 75 76 76 78 79 79 80 83 83 85 86 89 91 91 95 96 96 101 101 101 102 103 104 10
4 104 106 107 108 108 109 111 112

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113 114 115 115 115 116 117 117 119 120 123 124 125 127 127 129 129 129 130 130 1
34 134 137 139 139 140 142 143 143

> PRE ORDER -
> 127 101 21 21 2 2 0 8 20 18 16 9 9 17 19 19 20 96 51 22 35 26 23 28 29 37 45 40 41 5

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0 79 76 66 66 63 5
4 63 62 64 73 68 69 71 70 76 75 79 78 89 86 80 83 83 85 91 91 95 96 101 101 116 108 1
02 107 106 104 104 103 104 108 11
3 112 109 111 115 115 115 114 120 117 117 119 127 125 124 123 129 129 129 140 137
134 134 130 130 139 139 143 142 143

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> POST ORDER -
> 0 2 9 9 17 16 19 20 19 18 20 8 2 21 23 29 28 26 41 40 50 45 37 35 22 62 63 54 64 63 6
6 70 71 69 68 75
76 73 66 78 79 76 83 85 83 80 86 91 96 95 91 89 79 51 101 101 96 21 104 103 104 104

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106 108 107 102 111 109 112 114 1
15 115 115 113 108 117 119 117 123 124 125 127 120 116 101 129 129 130 130 134 134
139 139 137 143 142 143 140 129 127

> TEST SEARCH:

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- 2
- 8
Page 37 of 43
- 9
- 16

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- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21

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- 22
- 23
- 26
- 28
- 29

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- 35
- 37
- 40
- 41
- 45

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- 50
- 51
- 54
- 62
- 63

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- 64
- 66
- 68
- 69
- 70

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- 71
- 73
- 75
- 76
- 78

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- 79
- 80
- 83
- 85
- 86

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- 89
- 91
- 95
- 96

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< SUCCESS > = 43 < FAILED > = 57



...Program finished with exit code 0 Page 38 of 43

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement Binary tree is executed successfully and output is
verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement binary tree.

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Page 39 of 43
Ex. No: 10 IMPLEMENTATION OF BINARY SEARCH TREE
DATE

Aim:

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To write a Cprogram to implement binary search tree

Algorithm:
1. Start the program
2. Create a tree

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3. Perform the Insertion, Deletion and Search operation
4. Display Preorder, Postorder, Inorder traversal data
5. Stop the program

Sample Output:

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cc tree43.c
$ a.out
OPERATIONS ---
1 - Insert an element into tree

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2 - Delete an element from the tree
3 - Inorder Traversal
4 - Preorder Traversal
5 - Postorder Traversal
6 - Exit

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Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 40

Enter your choice : 1

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Enter data of node to be inserted : 20

Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 10

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Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 30

Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 60

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Enter your choice : 1
Enter data of node to be inserted : 80

Enter your choice : 1

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Enter data of node to be inserted : 90

Enter your choice : 3
10 -> 20 -> 30 -> 40 -> 60 -> 80 -> 90 ->

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40
Page 40 of 43
/\
/ \
20 60

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/ \ \
10 30 80
\
90

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Result:
Thus the C programs to implement Binary search tree is executed successfully and output
is verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement binary search tree.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is tree
2. What are called binary tree
3. List the operations of binary tree.

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4. What are the condition for left sub tree and right sub tree
5. What are called tree traversal
6. What is In-order
7. What is preorder
8. What is postorder

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9. What are called binary search tree
10. Compare Binary tree and Binary Search tree.
Page 41 of 43

Ex. No: 11 HASHING TECHNIQUES

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DATE


Aim:
To write a Cprogram to implement hash table

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Algorithm:
1. Create a structure, data (hash table item) with key and value as data.
2. Now create an array of structure, data of some certain size (10, in this case). But,
the size of array must be immediately updated to a prime number just greater than

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initial array capacity (i.e 10, in this case).
3. A menu is displayed on the screen.
4. User must choose one option from four choices given in the menu
5. Perform all the operations
6. Stop the program

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Sample Output

Implementation of Hash Table in C
MENU-:

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1. Inserting item in the Hash Table
2. Removing item from the Hash Table
3. Check the size of Hash Table
4. Display Hash Table

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Please enter your choice-: 3
Size of Hash Table is-: 0

Do you want to continue-:(press 1 for yes) 1
Implementation of Hash Table in C

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MENU-:
1. Inserting item in the Hash Table
2. Removing item from the Hash Table
3. Check the size of Hash Table
4. Display Hash Table

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Please enter your choice-: 1
Inserting element in Hash Table
Enter key -: 1

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Page 42 of 43
key (1) and value (1) has been inserted

Do you want to continue-:(press 1 for yes) 1
Implementation of Hash Table in C chaining with singly linked list

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MENU-:
1. Inserting item in the Hash Table
2. Removing item from the Hash Table
3. Check the size of Hash Table
4. Display Hash Table

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Please enter your choice-: 4
array[0] has no elements
array[1] has no elements key = 1 and value = 1
array[2] has no elements

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array[3] has no elements
array[4] has no elements
array[5] has no elements
array[6] has no elements
array[7] has no elements

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array[8] has no elements
array[9] has no elements
*****************************

Do you want to continue-:(press 1 for yes) 1

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Implementation of Hash Table in C
MENU-:
1. Inserting item in the Hash Table
2. Removing item from the Hash Table
3. Check the size of Hash Table

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4. Display Hash Table

Please enter your choice-: 2
Deleting key from Hash Table
Enter the key to delete-: 3

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This key does not exist.

Do you want to continue-:(press 1 for yes) 1
Implementation of Hash Table in C

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MENU-:
1. Inserting item in the Hash Table
2. Removing item from the Hash Table
3. Check the size of Hash Table
Page 43 of 43

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4. Display Hash Table

Please enter your choice-: 2
Deleting key from Hash Table
Enter the key to delete-: 1

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Key 1 has been removed.

Do you want to continue-:(press 1 for yes) 2
Result:

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Thus the C programs to implement hash table is executed successfully and output is
verified.
Program Outcome:
Thus the student can know to implement hash table.

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Viva Voce:
1. What is hash
2. What are called bucket
3. What is key
4. What are called hash function.

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5. List the different hashing techniques
6. What is Open Addressing
7. What is Linear Probing
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