Download Anna University B-Tech ECE 5th Sem Digital Signal Processing DSP Lab Manual Question Paper

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DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

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EC6511 - DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY

V SEMESTER - R 2013

LABORATORY MANUAL

Name : _________________________

Register No.: _________________________

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Section : _________________________

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VISION

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

MISSION

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• To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
• To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
• To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and soul

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

VISION

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To impart professional education integrated with human values to the younger generation, so as to shape them as proficient and dedicated engineers, capable of providing comprehensive solutions to the challenges in deploying technology for the service of humanity

MISSION

• To educate the students with the state-of-art technologies to meet the growing challenges of the electronics industry
• To carry out research through continuous interaction with research institutes and industry, on advances in communication systems
• To provide the students with strong ground rules to facilitate them for systematic learning, innovation and ethical practices

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOS)

1. Fundamentals

   To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education

2. Core Competence

   To train the students in Electronics and Communication technologies so that they apply their knowledge and training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions

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3. Breadth

   To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice which enables them to find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products

4. Professionalism

   To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social context

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5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics

   To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large, through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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PROGRAMME OUTCOME (POS)

1. To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in Electronics and Communication Engineering field

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2. To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
3. To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and communication engineering circuits
4. To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
5. To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
6. To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities

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7. To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
8. To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
9. To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
10. To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
11. To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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EC6511- DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

COURSE OBJECTIVES

• To implement linear and circular convolution

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• To implement FIR and IIR filters
• To study the architecture of DSP processor
• To demonstrate finite word length effect

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Generation of sequences (functional & random) & correlation

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2. Linear and circular convolutions
3. Spectrum analysis using DFT
4. FIR filter design
5. IIR filter design
6. Multirate filters

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7. Equalization

DSP PROCESSOR BASED IMPLEMENTATION

1. Study of architecture of digital signal processor
2. MAC operation using various addressing modes
3. Linear convolution

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4. Circular convolution
5. FFT Implementation
6. Waveform generation
7. IIR and FIR implementation
8. Finite word length effect

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COURSE OUTCOME

1. Carry out simulation of DSP systems
2. Demonstrate their abilities towards DSP processor based implementation of DSP system
3. Analyze finite word length effect on DSP systems
4. Demonstrate the applications of FFT to DSP

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EC6511 – DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY

CONTENTS

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Expt.No.1

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GENERATION OF SIGNALS

Aim:

To write a program to generate the following sequences and to verify using MATLAB

1. Sine wave
2. Cosine wave

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3. Ramp signal
4. Exponential signal
5. Impulse signal
6. Step signal
7. Saw tooth signal

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8. Rectangular signal
9. Random sequence
10. Auto correlation
11. Cross correlation

Apparatus required:

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PC with MATLAB software

Theory:

A signal is defined as any physical quantity that varies with time, space or any other independent variable or variables. Mathematically, we describe a signal as a function of one or more independent variables.

A system may be defined as a physical device that performs an operation on a signal. It can also be regarded as a process that transforms one signal into another. The input to a system and the output from a system are signals.

Algorithm:

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Sine Wave Generation:

1. Start
2. Get the frequency and range of time ‘t'.
3. Determine the values of the sine function.
4. Plot the graph for obtained values in continuous and discrete forms.

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5. Label the x and y axes.
6. Stop

Cosine Wave Generation:

1. Start

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2. Get the frequency and range of time 't'
3. Determine the values of the cosine function.
4. Plot the graph for obtained values in continuous and discrete forms.
5. Label the x and y axes.
6. Stop

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Ramp Signal Generation:

1. Start
2. Get the amplitude and range of time 't'.
3. Assign the ramp signal output equal to input time.
4. Plot the graph for the obtained values in continuous and discrete forms.

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5. Label the x and y axes.
6. Stop

Exponential Signal Generation:

1. Start
2. Get the amplitude and ranges of time 't'.

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3. Determine the values of the exponential function.
4. Plot the graph for the obtained values in continuous and discrete forms.
5. Label the x and y axes.
6. Stop

Unit Impulse Signal Generation:

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1. Start
2. Get the ranges of time 't'.
3. Determine the values of the unit impulse signal.
4. Plot the graph for the obtained values in discrete form.
5. Label the x and y axes.

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6. Stop

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Step Signal Generation:

1. Start
2. Get the amplitude and ranges of time 't'.

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3. Determine the values of the unit step signal.
4. Multiply the unit step signal with given amplitude.
5. Plot the graph for the resultant values in continuous and discrete forms.
6. Label the x and y axes.
7. Stop

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Saw tooth Signal Generation:

1. Start
2. Get the ranges of time 't'.
3. Determine the values of the saw tooth signal.
4. Plot the graph for the obtained values in discrete form.

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5. Label the x and y axes.
6. Stop

Rectangular Signal Generation:

1. Start
2. Get the amplitude and ranges of time 't'.

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3. Determine the values of the rectangular signal.
4. Multiply the unit step signal with given amplitude.
5. Plot the graph for the resultant values in continuous and discrete forms.
6. Label the x and y axes.
7. Stop

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Random Sequence:

1. Start
2. Get the length of input sequence.
3. Generate random signals of the specified length
4. Plot the graph for the resultant values in discrete form.

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5. Label the x and y axes.
6. Stop

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Auto Correlation:

1. Start

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2. Get the length of input sequence.
3. Generate a rectangular signal of given length.
4. Calculate auto correlation of the rectangular signal.
5. Plot the graph for the resultant values in discrete forms.
6. Label the x and y axes.

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7. Stop

Cross Correlation:

1. Start
2. Get the length of input sequence.
3. Generate sinusoidal and cosine waveforms of given length.

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4. Calculate cross correlation of the two signals.
5. Plot the graph for the resultant values in discrete forms.
6. Label the x and y axes.
7. Stop

Procedure:

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1. Click on the MATLAB Icon on the desktop.
2. Click on the 'FILE' Menu on menu bar
3. Click on NEW M-File from the file Menu.
4. Save the file in directory.
5. Click on DEBUG from Menu bar and Click Run.

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6. Open the command window\ Figure window for the output.

Result:

Thus the signal waveforms were analyzed for the given input.

Outcome:

After finishing this experiment the students are able to

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1. Generate elementary signals/ waveforms.
2. Perform arithmetic operations on signals.

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Applications:

1. Aerospace and avionics

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2. Defence applications
3. Wireless communication
4. Radar
5. GPS

Viva-voce

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1. Expand MATLAB
2. What is MATLAB? Where is MATLAB applicable?
3. What is MATLAB API?
4. What is M-file and MEX files in MATLAB?
5. List the operators of MATLAB.

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6. Name the graphic system used in MATLAB.
7. What is disp() and input()?
8. What is the syntax to find the rank of the matrix
9. What is the function of clear all and close all?
10. Define – Continuous time signal

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11. Define – Discrete time signal
12. Define – Impulse function
13. Define – Unit step function
14. What is a ramp function?
15. Define - Delta function

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16. What are the basic operations that can be performed over the signals?
17. List the types of discrete time signals.
18. List the types of continuous time signals.
19. What is an exponential function?
20. What are the types of program files that MATLAB allows to write?

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Expt. No. 2

LINEAR AND CIRCULAR CONVOLUTION OF TWO SEQUENCES

Aim:

To write a program to perform the following convolutions and to verify using MATLAB

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1. Linear convolution
2. Circular convolution
3. Linear convolution using circular convolution
4. Linear convolution using DFT
5. Circular convolution using DFT

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Apparatus Required:

PC with MATLAB software

Algorithm:

Linear Convolution:

1. Start

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2. Get the two input sequences.
3. Obtain the linear convolution of two sequences
4. Calculate the lengths of input sequences
5. Assign the length of resultant sequence(N) equal to length of first sequence (L) + length of second sequence (M) – 1 (N = L + M – 1)
6. Plot the input sequences and output sequence in discrete form corresponding to their lengths.

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7. Label the x and y axes
8. Display the resultant sequence values.
9. Stop

Circular Convolution:

1. Start

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2. Get the two input sequences.
3. Check the maximum length (N) of two sequences.
4. By zero padding, make both the two sequences with equal length (N).
5. Calculate circular convolution of equal length sequences.

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6. Plot the input sequences and output sequence in discrete form corresponding to their lengths.
7. Label the x and y axes.
8. Display the resultant sequence values.
9. Stop

Linear Convolution using Circular Convolution:

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1. Start
2. Get the two input sequences.
3. Calculate the lengths of input sequences.
4. Assign the length of resultant sequence(N) equal to length of first sequence(L)+ length of second sequence(M) – 1 (N = L + M - 1)
5. By zero padding, make both the two sequences with equal length (N).

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6. Obtain the circular convolution of two sequences.
7. Plot the input sequences and output sequence in discrete form corresponding to their lengths.
8. Label the x and y axes.
9. Display the resultant sequence values.
10. Stop

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Linear Convolution using DFT method:

1. Start.
2. Get the two input sequences.
3. Calculate the lengths of input sequences.
4. Assign the length of resultant sequence(N) equal to length of first sequence(L) + length of second sequence(M) - 1 (N = L + M-1)

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5. By zero padding, make both the two sequences with equal length (N).
6. Calculate the N-point FFT of two sequences.
7. Multiply the two FFTs.
8. Calculate the N-point IFFT of the sequence.
9. Plot the input sequences and output sequences FFT and IFFT in discrete form corresponding to their lengths.

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10. Label the x and y axes.
11. Display the resultant sequence values.
12. Stop.

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Circular Convolution using DFT method:

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1. Start
2. Get the two input sequences.
3. Calculate the lengths of input sequences.
4. By zero padding, make both the two sequences with equal length (N).
5. Calculate the N-point FFT of two sequences.

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6. Multiply the two FFTs.
7. Calculate the N-point IFFT of the sequence.
8. Plot the input sequences and output sequences FFT and IFFT in discrete form corresponding to their lengths.
9. Label the x and y axes.
10. Display the resultant sequence values.

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11. Stop.

Procedure:

1. Get two signals x(n) and h(n) in matrix form.
2. The convolute signal is denoted as y(n).
3. y(n) is given by the formula

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4. n = length(X) returns the size of the longest dimension of X. If X is a vector, this is the same as its length.
5. w = conv (u,v) convolves vectors u and v. Algebraically, convolution is the same operation as multiplying the polynomials whose coefficients are the elements of u and v. [subplot divides the current figure into rectangular panes that are numbered row wise]
6. Stop the program

Result:

Thus the linear and circular convolution of the given two sequences was performed using MATLAB.

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Outcome:

After finishing this experiment the students are able to implement convolution of given sequences using linear, circular, linear using circular, linear convolution using DFT method, circular convolution using DFT method.

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Applications:

1. Finding the response of LTI systems

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2. Spectral analysis
3. Study of system behavior
4. Frequency response of systems

Viva-voce

1. What is the difference between linear convolution and circular convolution?

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2. List the methods of linear convolution.
3. List the steps to perform linear convolution using circular convolution.
4. Define - Convolution
5. What are the properties of convolution?
6. What is zero padding in convolution?

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7. What is the difference between convolution & correlation?
8. What is half wave symmetry?
9. What is Dirchlet condition?
10. How to compute maximum length N for a circular convolution using DFT and IDFT.
11. What is sectioned convolution?

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12. What is the advantage of sectioned convolution?
13. How to perform linear convolution using circular convolution?
14. What is the difference between linear shifting and circular shifting of signal?
15. What is the length of output sequence after circular convolution?
16. State the circular convolution property of DFT

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17. What is circular convolution?
18. What is the length of output sequence after linear convolution?
19. List the properties of linear and circular convolution.
20. What is linear convolution?

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Expt.No.3

SPECTRUM ANALYSIS USING DFT

Aim:

To write a program to analyze the spectrum of a signal using Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) using MATLAB

Apparatus Required:

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PC with MATLAB software

Algorithm:

1. Start
2. Get the input sequence.
3. Obtain the DFT of input sequence.

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4. Find the magnitude and phase response of the DFT.
5. Plot the magnitude and phase in continuous and in discrete forms.
6. Stop

Procedure:

1. Enter the program in workspace.

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2. Save and Run it in .m files.
3. Observe the output in command window or in figure window.

Result:

Thus the spectrum of a signal was analyzed using Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT).

Outcome:

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After finishing this experiment the students are able to analyze the spectrum of the signal using Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)

Applications:

1. Spectral analysis of biomedical signals, RF signals, speech and seismic signals
2. Implementation of filters using circuits
3. Correlation of sequences in RADAR

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4. Digital communication systems for TV broadcasting

Viva-voce

1. What is the difference between DFT and IDFT?
2. Differentiate DIT from DIF algorithm.

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3. What is decimation in frequency?
4. What is decimation in time?
5. How many multiplication terms are required to perform DFT by expressional method and FFT method?
6. How many stages are required for 8 point DFT?
7. Compute inverse DFT of X(k) = {3,4,5,6}.

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8. How to calculate output of DFT using MATLAB?
9. List the properties of FFT.
10. List the properties of DFT
11. What is the difference between FFT and IFFT?
12. What is "Bit reversal"?

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13. List the advantages of FFT.
14. When the DFT X(k) of a sequence x(n) is imaginary?
15. What's the difference between FFT and DFT?
16. Define - Discrete Fourier series
17. When the DFT X(k) of a sequence x(n) is real?

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18. What is the importance of FFT in OFDMA technology?
19. What is the advantage of Fourier transform in DSP?
20. What is twiddle factor?

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Expt.No.4

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DESIGN OF FIR FILTERS

Aim:

To write a program to design and obtain the magnitude and phase responses for the given FIR filter using MATLAB

Apparatus Required:

PC with MATLAB software

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Algorithm:

Low pass filter using rectangular window

1. Get the pass band and stop band edge frequencies.
2. Get the sampling frequency
3. Get the order of the filter (N)

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4. Find the window co-efficient using the MATLAB function boxcar (N)
5. Draw the magnitude and phase response.

High pass filter using rectangular window

1. Get the pass band and stop band edge frequencies.
2. Get the sampling frequency

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3. Get the order of the filter (N)
4. Find the window co-efficient using the MATLAB function boxcar (N)
5. Draw the magnitude and phase response.

Band pass filter using rectangular window

1. Get the pass band and stop band edge frequencies.

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2. Get the sampling frequency
3. Get the order of the filter (N)
4. Find the window co-efficient using the MATLAB function boxcar (N)
5. Draw the magnitude and phase response.

Band stop filter using rectangular window

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1. Get the pass band and stop band edge frequencies.
2. Get the sampling frequency
3. Get the order of the filter (N)

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4. Find the window co-efficient using the MATLAB function boxcar (N)

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5. Draw the magnitude and phase response.

Low pass filter using hamming window

1. Get the pass band and stop band edge frequencies.
2. Get the sampling frequency
3. Get the order of the filter (N)

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4. Find the window co-efficient using the MATLAB function hamming (N)
5. Draw the magnitude and phase response.

High pass filter using hamming window

1. Get the pass band and stop band edge frequencies.
2. Get the sampling frequency

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3. Get the order of the filter (N)
4. Find the window co-efficient using the MATLAB function hamming (N)
5. Draw the magnitude and phase response.

Band pass filter using hamming window

1. Get the pass band and stop band edge frequencies

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2. Get the sampling frequency
3. Get the order of the filter (N)
4. Find the window co-efficient using the MATLAB function hamming (N)
5. Draw the magnitude and phase response.

Band stop filter using hamming window

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1. Get the pass band and stop band edge frequencies.
2. Get the sampling frequency
3. Get the order of the filter (N)
4. Find the window co-efficient using the MATLAB function hamming (N)
5. Draw the magnitude and phase response.

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Low pass filter using Hanning window

1. Get the pass band and stop band edge frequencies.
2. Get the sampling frequency
3. Get the order of the filter (N)
4. Find the window co-efficient using the MATLAB function Hanning (N)

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5. Draw the magnitude and phase response.

High pass filter using Hanning window

1. Get the pass band and stop band edge frequencies.
2. Get the sampling frequency

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3. Get the order of the filter (N)
4. Find the window co-efficient using the MATLAB function Hanning (N)
5. Draw the magnitude and phase response.

Band pass filter using Hanning window

1. Get the pass band and stop band edge frequencies.

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2. Get the sampling frequency
3. Get the order of the filter (N)
4. Find the window co-efficient using the MATLAB function Hanning (N)
5. Draw the magnitude and phase response.

Band stop filter using Hanning window

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1. Get the pass band and stop band edge frequencies.
2. Get the sampling frequency
3. Get the order of the filter (N)
4. Find the window co-efficient using the MATLAB function Hanning (N)
5. Draw the magnitude and phase response.

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Procedure:

1. Enter the program in workspace.
2. Save and Run it in .m files.
3. Observe the output in figure window.

Result:

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Thus the FIR filter was designed for the given specifications and its magnitude and phase responses were observed.

Outcome:

After finishing this experiment the students are able to:

1. Able to Implement Low pass, High pass and Band
   

   This download link is referred from the post: Anna University B.Tech Lab Manual

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