Download Anna University B-Tech ME 5th Sem Dynamics Lab Manual Question Paper

FirstRanker.com

Tambaram,

DEPARTMENT OF

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ME 6511 - DYNAMICS LABORATORY

V SEMESTER - R 2013

LABORATORY MANUAL

Name :

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Register No. :

Section :

FirstRanker.com Format No.: FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue: 00/Revision: 00

VISION

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and

training.

MISSION

• To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
• To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

• To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and soul

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

VISION

Rendering the services to the global needs of engineering industries by educating students to become professionally sound mechanical engineers of excellent caliber

MISSION

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

To produce mechanical engineering technocrats with a perfect knowledge intellectual and hands on experience and to inculcate the spirit of moral values and ethics to serve the society

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOS)

1. Fundamentals

To impart students with fundamental knowledge in mathematics and basic sciences that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. Core competence

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to identify complex software problems in industry and to develop a practical solution for them

3. Breadth

To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice which enable them to find solutions for the real time problems in industry and organization and to design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. Professional skills

To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that will build up their communication skills, individual, leadership and supportive qualities and to enable them to adapt and to work in ever changing technologies

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. Life-long learning

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in mechanical engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and pursuing advanced degrees

PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POS)

On completion of the B.E. (Mechanical) degree, the graduate will be able

1. To apply the basic knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

2. To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the same in the career or entrepreneurship
3. To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
4. To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
5. To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT tools
6. To understand the role as a professional and give the best to the society

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

7. To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as economical environmental, social, political, ethical, safety and sustainability
8. To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to tell in both verbal and written forms
9. To work in a team as a team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with coordination
10. To engage in lifelong learning and exhibit their technical skills
11. To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ME6511 - DYNAMICS LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. To supplement the principles learnt in kinematics and dynamics of machinery
2. To understand how certain measuring devices are used for dynamic testing

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. 1. Study of gear parameters.
   2. Experimental study of velocity ratios of simple, compound, epicyclic and differential gear trains.
2. 1. Kinematics of four bar, slider crank, crank rocker, double crank, double rocker, oscillating cylinder mechanisms.

   --- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

   2. Kinematics of single and double universal joints.
3. 1. Determination of mass moment of inertia of fly wheel and axle system.
   2. Determination of mass moment of inertia of axisymmetric bodies using turn table apparatus.
   3. Determination of mass moment of inertia using bifilar suspension and compound pendulum.

   --- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

4. Motorized gyroscope – Study of gyroscopic effect and couple.
5. Governor – Determination of range sensitivity, effort etc., for watts, porter, proell and hartnell governors
6. Cams - cam profile drawing, motion curves and study of jump phenomenon
7. 1. Single degree of freedom spring mass system - determination of natural frequency and verification of laws of springs – damping coefficient determination.

   --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

   2. Multi degree freedom suspension system – determination of influence coefficient.
8. 1. Determination of torsional natural frequency of single and double Rotor systems. Undamped and damped natural frequencies.
   2. Vibration absorber – Tuned vibration absorber.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9. Vibration of equivalent spring mass system – Undamped and damped vibration.
10. Whirling of shafts – Determination of critical speeds of shafts with concentrated loads.
11. 1. Balancing of rotating masses
    2. Balancing of reciprocating masses

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

12. 1. Transverse vibration of free-free beam – with and without concentrated masses.
    2. Forced Vibration of cantilever beam – mode shapes and natural frequencies.
    3. Determination of transmissibility ratio using vibrating table.

COURSE OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

1. Ability to demonstrate the principles of kinematics and dynamics of machinery
2. Ability to use the measuring devices for dynamic testing.

ME6511 - DYNAMICS LABORATORY

CONTENTS

Expt. No.01 STUDY OF GEARS

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:

To study the various types of gears and its parameter

Apparatus required:

Arrangement of gear system

Introduction:

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Gears are used to transmit motion from one shaft to another or between a shaft. This is accomplished by successful engaging of tooth. Gears are intermediate links or connections and transmit the motion by direct contact. In this method the surface of two bodies have either a rolling or sliding motion along the tangent at the point of contact to transmit the definite motion of one disc to another or to prevent slip between the surface projection and recession on two discs can be made which can mesh with each other. The discs with teeth are known as gears or gear wheel.

Classification of gear:

The different kinds of gears are:

1. Based on the peripheral velocity of gears

1. Low velocity gears - Gears with peripheral velocity < 3 m/s

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

2. Medium velocity gears – Gears with peripheral velocity = 3-15 m/s
3. High velocity gears – Gears with peripheral velocity > 15 m/s

2. Based on the position of axes of revolution

1. Gears with parallel axes

1. Spur gear

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

2. Helical Gear

1. Single Helical Gear
2. Double Helical Gear (or) Herringbone Gear

2. Gears with intersecting axes

1. Bevel Gear

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

1. Straight bevel gear
2. Spiral bevel gear
3. Zerol bevel gear
4. Hypoid bevel gear

2. Angular gear

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

3. Miter gear

3. Gears with non-parallel and non-intersecting axes

1. Worm gear

1. Non-throated worm gear
2. Single-throated worm gear

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

3. Double-throated worm gear

2. Hypoid gear
3. Screw gear (or crossed helical gear)

3. Based on the type of gearing

1. Internal gear

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. External gear
3. Rack and Pinion

4. Based on the tooth profile on the gear surface

1. Gears with straight teeth
2. Gears with curved teeth

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

3. Gears with inclined teeth

1. Spur Gear:

Spur gears have straight teeth parallel to the rotating axis and thus are not subjected to axial thrust due to teeth load. Spur gears are the most common type of gears. They have straight teeth, and are mounted on parallel shafts. Sometimes, many spur gears are used at once to create very large gear reductions.

Each time a gear tooth engages a tooth on the other gear, the teeth collide, and this impact makes a noise. It also increases the stress on the gear teeth. Spur gears are the most commonly used gear type. They are characterized by teeth, which are perpendicular to the face of the gear. Spur gears are most commonly available, and are generally the least expensive.

Fig. External spur gear Fig. Internal spur gear

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Fig. Spur Gear Terminology

The following terms, which are mostly used to describe a gear, are as follow:

• Face of tooth: It is defined as the surface of the tooth above the pitch circle is known as face.
• Flank of tooth: The surface of the tooth below the pitch circle is known as flank.
• Top land: The top most surface of the tooth is known as the top land of the tooth.

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

• Face width: Width of the tooth is known as face width.
• Pitch Circle: It is an imaginary circle which is in pure rolling action. The motion of the gear is describe by the pitch circle motion.
• Pitch Circle diameter: The diameter of the pitch circle from the center of the gear is known as pitch circle diameter. The gear diameter is described by its pitch circle diameter.
• Pitch point: When the two gears are in contact, the common point of both of pitch circle of meshing gears is known as pitch point.
• Pressure angle or angle of obliquity: Pressure angle is the angle between common normal to the pitch circle to the common tangent to the pitch point.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

• Addendum: Distance between the pitch circle to the top of the tooth in radial direction is known as addendum.
• Dedendum: Distance between the pitch circle to the bottom of the tooth in radial direction, is known as dedendum of the gear.
• Addendum circle: The circle passes from the top of the tooth is known as addendum circle. This circle is concentric with pitch circle
• Dedendum circle: The circle passes from the bottom of the tooth is known as dedendum circle. This circle is also concentric with pitch circle and addendum circle.
• Circular pitch: The distance between a point of a tooth to the same point of the adjacent tooth, measured along circumference of the pitch circle is known as circular pitch. It is plays measure role in gear meshing. Two gears will mesh together correctly if and only they have same circular pitch.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

• Diametrical pitch: The ratio of the number of teeth to the diameter of pitch circle in millimeter is known as diametrical pitch.
• Module: The ratio of the pitch circle diameter in millimeters to the total number of teeth is known as module. It is reciprocal of the diametrical pitch.
• Clearance: When two gears are in meshing condition, the radial distance from top of a tooth of one gear to the bottom of the tooth of another gear is known as clearance. The circle passes from the top of the tooth in meshing condition is known as clearance angle.
• Total depth: The sum of the addendum and dedendum of a gear is known as total depth. It is the distance between addendum circle to the dedendum circle measure along radial direction.
• Working depth: The distance between addendum circle to the clearance circle measured along radial direction is known as working depth of the gear.

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

• Tooth thickness: Distance of the tooth measured along the circumference of the pitch circle is known as tooth thickness.
• Tooth space: Distance between the two adjacent tooth measured along the circumference of the pitch circle is known as the tooth space.
• Backlash: It is the difference between the tooth thickness and the tooth space. It prevents jamming of the gears in meshing condition.
• Profile: It is the curved formed by the face and flank is known as profile of the tooth. Gear tooth are generally have cycloidal or involute profile.
• Path of contact: The curved traced by the point of contact of two teeth form beginning to the end of engagement is known as path of contact.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

• Arc of contact: It is the curve traced by the pitch point form the beginning to the end of engagement is known as arc of contact.
• Arc of approach: The portion of the path of contact from beginning of engagement to the pitch point is known as arc of approach.
• Arc of recess: The portion of the path of contact form pitch point to the end of the engagement is known as arc of recess.

2. Helical Gear:

The helical gear is used to connect two parallel shafts and teeth inclined or unused to the axis of the shafts. The leading edges of the teeth are not parallel to the axis of rotation, but are set at an angle. Since the gear is curved, this angling causes the tooth shape to be a segment of a helix. Helical gears can be meshed in a parallel or crossed orientations.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Fig. Helical Gear Fig. Bevel Gear

3. Bevel Gear:

Bevel gears transmit power between two intersecting shafts at any angle or between non- intersecting shafts. They are classified as straight and spiral tooth bevel and hypoid gears. When intersecting shafts are connected by gears, the pitch cones (analogous to the pitch cylinders of spur and helical gears) are tangent along an element, with their apexes at the intersection of the shafts where two bevel gears are in mesh. The size and shape of the teeth are defined at the large end, where they intersect the back cones. Pitch cone and back cone elements are perpendicular to each other. The tooth profiles resemble those of spur gears having pitch radii equal to the developed back cone radii.

4. Worm Gear:

Worm gears are usually used when large speed reductions are needed. The reduction ratio is determined by the number of starts of the worm and number of teeth on the worm gear. But worm gears have sliding contact which is quiet worn out to produce heat and have relatively low transmission efficiency.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

The applications for worm gears include gear boxes, fishing pole reels, guitar string tuning pegs, and where a delicate speed adjustment by utilizing a large speed reduction is needed.

Fig. Worm and worm wheel Fig. Screw gear Fig. Miter gear

5. Screw gears:

Screw gears, also sometimes called crossed helical gears, are helical gears used in motion transmission between non-intersecting shafts. The helical gears used in parallel shafts have the same helix angle but in the opposite directions.

6. Miter gears:

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Miter gears are one type of bevel gears where the two rotational axes intersect. When speaking of narrow definition of bevel gears with ability to increase or decrease speed, miter gears do not have that ability due to the pair's same number of teeth. Their purpose is limited to the change in transmission direction. Because they are a type of bevel gears, the basic characteristic of bevel gears exist such as presence of gear forms of straight cut, spiral cut and zerol types.

Result:

Thus gear, types and its parameters were studied.

Outcome:

From this experiment, students will be able to demonstrate the principles of gear, types and its parameters which is used in transmission systems.

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Application:

1. They are used in back gear of the lathe, hoists, pulley blocks, clock, wrist watches and precision equipment.
2. They are popular for automatic transmission in automobiles.
3. They are used for power train between internal combustion engine and an electric motor.
4. They are also used in speed drives in textile and Jute machineries.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Viva-voce

1. Define - Pitch circle
2. Define - Pitch point
3. Define - Circular pitch
4. Define - Module

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

5. Define - Backlash
6. What is axial of a helical gear?
7. Define - Cycloid
8. Define - Undercutting gear
9. What is meant by contact ratio?

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

10. Define - Gear tooth system
11. State law of gearing.
12. What is an angle of obliquity in gears?
13. What is bevel gearing? Mention its types.
14. What are the methods to avoid interference?

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

15. What do you know about tumbler gear?
16. Define - Interference
17. Define - Backlash
18. What is meant by non – standard gear teeth?
19. Define - Cycloidal tooth profile

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Expt. No.02 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE SPEED RATIO OF SPUR GEAR TRAIN

Aim:

To conduct the experimental study of speed ratio of spur gear train

Apparatus required:

Spur gear train, digital speed indicator, speed transformer

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Formulae Used:

1. Total reduction in speed (N) = (N1 – N2) / N1 x 100 in %

   Where,

   N1 = Input Speed in rpm

   N2 = Output Speed in rpm

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

2. Speed Ratio = (Input Speed/ Output Speed)

Graph:

1. Input Speed Vs Output Speed.

Procedure:

1. Connect the main chord to the 230 V, 50 Hz power supply.

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

2. Connect the sensor 1and sensor 2 to the respective sensor sockets provided on the front panel of electronic speed control system.
3. Connect the motor cable to the terminal socket.
4. Initially, keep variable speed control knob in closed position.
5. Switch on the instrument.
6. Adjust the speed by tuning the knob and tabulate the readings and calculate.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Tabulation:

Result:

Thus the speed ratio of a spur gear reducer is carried out and the graph is plotted.

Outcome:

From this experiment, students will be able to conduct the experimental study of speed ratio of spur gear train which is used in transmission systems.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Application:

The spur gear trains are used in electric screw driver, windup alarm clock, washing machine and clothes dryer.

Viva-voce

1. What is a simple gear train?
2. What are the types of gear trains?

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

3. What is a compound gear train?
4. What is reverted gear train?
5. What is an epicyclic or planetary gear train?
6. What is gear train or train of wheels?
7. Write velocity ratio in compound train of wheels?

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

8. State the methods to find the velocity ratio of epicyclic gear train.
9. What is the externally applied torque used to keep the gear train in equilibrium?
10. What is the maximum efficiency in worm and worm gear?
11. What are the advantage and limitations of gear train?
12. What is the condition and expression for maximum efficiency in spiral gears?

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

13. What is meant by slope of a thread?
14. Where will the interference occur in an involute pinion and gear mesh having same size of addendum?
15. What is the advantage when arc of recess is equal to arc of approach in meshing gears?
16. Write down the differences between involute and cycloidal tooth profile.
17. Name two applications of reverted gear train.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

18. What are the advantages of planetary gear train?
19. What is the use of differential in automobile?
20. What are various types of torques in an epicyclic gear train?

Expt. No.03 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SPEED RATIO OF AN EPICYCLIC GEAR TRAIN

Aim:

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

To conduct the experimental study of speed ratio of an epicyclic gear train

Apparatus required:

Epicyclic gear train, digital speed indicator, speed transformer

Procedure:

1. Connect the main chord to the 230 V, 50 Hz power supply.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

2. Connect the sensor 1and sensor 2 to the respective sensor sockets provided on the front panel of electronic speed control system.
3. Connect the motor cable to the terminal socket.
4. Initially, keep variable speed control knob in closed position.
5. Switch on the instrument.
6. Adjust the speed by tuning the knob and tabulate the readings and calculate.

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Formulae Used:

1. Total reduction in speed (N) = (N1 - N2) / N1 x 100 in %

   Where,

   N1 = Input Speed in rpm

   N2 = Output Speed in rpm

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

2. Speed Ratio = (Input Speed/ Output Speed)

Graph:

Input Speed Vs Output Speed.

Tabulation:

Result:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thus the speed ratio of an epicyclic gear reducer is carried out and the graph is plotted.

Outcome:

From this experiment, students will be able to conduct the experimental study of speed ratio of an Epicyclic gear train which is used in transmission systems.

Application:

The epicyclic gear trains are used in the back gear of lathe, differential gears of the automobile, hoists, pulley blocks, wrist watches.

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Viva-voce

1. Which type of gear box is used in automobiles?
2. What is meant by an idle gear?
3. In which type of vehicles, differential gear box is mounted on rear wheel axle?
4. In which type of gear trains, shaft axes which are mounted by gear wheels have relative motion between them?

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

5. Define the term Limiting friction.
6. Define pressure angle and explain the effect of different pressure angles.
7. What is axial pitch of a helical gear?
8. What are timing belts?
9. Explain the construction of involute teeth and its advantages.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

10. State the conditions for constant velocity ratio of toothed wheels.
11. How to change the direction of rotation of the output gear in simple gear train without changing the direction of rotation of input gear?
12. What is the condition for self-locking in screws?
13. State the relationship between circular pitch and the module.
14. State the laws of dry friction.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

15. Briefly write about reverted gear train with suitable sketch.
16. What is the effect of centrifugal tension in belt drives?
17. Explain any two methods of reducing or eliminating interference in gears.
18. Why lubrication reduces friction?
19. What is meant by crowning in pulley?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Expt. No.04 STUDY OF SPEED RATIO OF DIFFERENTIAL GEAR TRAIN

Aim:

To conduct the experimental study of speed ratio of differential gear train

Apparatus required:

Differential gear train, digital speed indicator, speed transformer

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Procedure:

1. Connect the main chord to the 230 V, 50 Hz power supply.
2. Connect the sensor 1and sensor 2 to the respective sensor sockets provided on the front panel of electronic speed control system.
3. Connect the motor cable to the terminal socket.
4. Initially, keep variable speed control knob in closed position.

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

5. Switch on the instrument.
6. Adjust the speed by tuning the knob and tabulate the readings and calculate.

Formulae Used:

1. Total speed reduction in

   Right wheel (NR) = (N1-N2)/ N1 x 100 in %

   Left wheel (NR) = (N1-N2)/ N1 x 100 in %

   --- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

   where,

   N1 = input speed in rpm,

   N2 = output speed in rpm

2. Speed ratio

   Right wheel (NR) = (input speed / output speed)

   --- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

   Left wheel (NL) = (input speed / output speed)

Tabulation:

This download link is referred from the post: Anna University B.Tech Lab Manual

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---