Download Anna University B-Tech 1st Year First Year GE8161 Problem Solving And Python Programming PSPP Lab Manual Question Paper

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GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
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GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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LABORATORY MANUAL

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

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VISION
MISSION

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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I SEMESTER - R 2017

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING



is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and

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enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at

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different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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VISION
MISSION

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and

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fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

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3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

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4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

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5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and

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pursuing advanced degrees

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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I SEMESTER - R 2017

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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VISION
MISSION

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS

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To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable

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them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer

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Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field

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b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT

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tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to

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convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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I SEMESTER - R 2017

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

and training.

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
MISSION

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society

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g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING

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LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

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To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.

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Read and write data from/to files in Python.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)

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3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort

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8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame

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13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Read and write data from/to files in Python.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES
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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


I SEMESTER - R 2017

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 2 of 42
DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
MISSION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 4 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAM OUTCOMES



a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

SYLLABUS



To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers

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5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1

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Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers

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13
5(a)
Linear search
15
5(b)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Binary search
17
6(a)
Selection sort
19

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6(b)
Insertion sort
21
7
Merge sort

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23
8
First n prime numbers
26
9

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Multiply matrices
28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


I SEMESTER - R 2017

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 2 of 42
DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
MISSION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 4 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAM OUTCOMES



a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 5 of 42
GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

SYLLABUS



To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 6 of 42
GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
CONTENTS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

13
5(a)
Linear search
15
5(b)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Binary search
17
6(a)
Selection sort
19

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6(b)
Insertion sort
21
7
Merge sort

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

23
8
First n prime numbers
26
9

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Multiply matrices
28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i

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4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:

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smaller = y
else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):

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gcd = i

return gcd

num1 = 54

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num2 = 24

# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. :01

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


I SEMESTER - R 2017

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL

FirstRanker Page 2 of 42
DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

tag on heart and soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MISSION

FirstRanker Page 3 of 42
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 4 of 42
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 5 of 42
GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OBJECTIVES

FirstRanker Page 6 of 42
GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

09
3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13
5(a)
Linear search
15

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5(b)
Binary search
17
6(a)
Selection sort

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

19
6(b)
Insertion sort
21
7

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Merge sort
23
8
First n prime numbers
26

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9
Multiply matrices
28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

30
11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 7 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Algorithm:

1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

if x > y:
smaller = y
else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

return gcd

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

num1 = 54
num2 = 24

# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. :01
Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 8 of 42
Sample output :


The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


I SEMESTER - R 2017

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL

FirstRanker Page 2 of 42
DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

tag on heart and soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MISSION

FirstRanker Page 3 of 42
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 4 of 42
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 5 of 42
GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OBJECTIVES

FirstRanker Page 6 of 42
GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

09
3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13
5(a)
Linear search
15

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5(b)
Binary search
17
6(a)
Selection sort

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

19
6(b)
Insertion sort
21
7

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Merge sort
23
8
First n prime numbers
26

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9
Multiply matrices
28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

30
11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 7 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Algorithm:

1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

if x > y:
smaller = y
else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

return gcd

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

num1 = 54
num2 = 24

# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. :01
Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 8 of 42
Sample output :


The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 9 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. :02
Date:

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

I SEMESTER - R 2017

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL

FirstRanker Page 2 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING



is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
MISSION

FirstRanker Page 3 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 4 of 42
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 5 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

FirstRanker Page 6 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page
No.
1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09
3
Exponentiation (power of a number)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

11
4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13
5(a)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Linear search
15
5(b)
Binary search
17

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6(a)
Selection sort
19
6(b)
Insertion sort

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

21
7
Merge sort
23
8

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

First n prime numbers
26
9
Multiply matrices
28

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30
11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

32
12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34
13

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 7 of 42


Aim:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

Algorithm:

1. Define a function named computeGCD()

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:
smaller = y
else:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

return gcd

num1 = 54
num2 = 24

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. :01
Date:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

FirstRanker Page 8 of 42
Sample output :

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 9 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

Program:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:
approx = better

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. :02
Date:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

FirstRanker Page 10 of 42
Output:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

The square root is 9

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

I SEMESTER - R 2017

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL

FirstRanker Page 2 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING



is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
MISSION

FirstRanker Page 3 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 4 of 42
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 5 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

FirstRanker Page 6 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Page
No.
1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09
3
Exponentiation (power of a number)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

11
4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13
5(a)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Linear search
15
5(b)
Binary search
17

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6(a)
Selection sort
19
6(b)
Insertion sort

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

21
7
Merge sort
23
8

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

First n prime numbers
26
9
Multiply matrices
28

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30
11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

32
12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34
13

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 7 of 42


Aim:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

Algorithm:

1. Define a function named computeGCD()

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:
smaller = y
else:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

return gcd

num1 = 54
num2 = 24

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. :01
Date:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

FirstRanker Page 8 of 42
Sample output :

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 9 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

Program:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:
approx = better

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. :02
Date:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

FirstRanker Page 10 of 42
Output:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

The square root is 9

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 11 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Algorithm:

1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base
ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Program:
def power(base,exp):
if(exp==1):
return(base)
if(exp!=1):

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. : 03

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Date:

EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


I SEMESTER - R 2017

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL

FirstRanker Page 2 of 42
DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

tag on heart and soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MISSION

FirstRanker Page 3 of 42
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 4 of 42
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 5 of 42
GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OBJECTIVES

FirstRanker Page 6 of 42
GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

09
3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13
5(a)
Linear search
15

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5(b)
Binary search
17
6(a)
Selection sort

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

19
6(b)
Insertion sort
21
7

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Merge sort
23
8
First n prime numbers
26

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9
Multiply matrices
28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

30
11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 7 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Algorithm:

1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

if x > y:
smaller = y
else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

return gcd

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

num1 = 54
num2 = 24

# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. :01
Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 8 of 42
Sample output :


The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 9 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. :02
Date:

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 10 of 42
Output:

The square root is 9

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.


FirstRanker Page 11 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

Algorithm:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

Program:
def power(base,exp):

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

if(exp==1):
return(base)
if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. : 03
Date:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

FirstRanker Page 12 of 42
Output:
Enter base: 7

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter exponential value: 2
Result:49

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

and the output is verified.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

?



DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

I SEMESTER - R 2017

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 2 of 42
DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
MISSION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 3 of 42
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 4 of 42
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 5 of 42
GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search

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6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)

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11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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FirstRanker Page 6 of 42
GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.

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07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09
3

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Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13

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5(a)
Linear search
15
5(b)
Binary search

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17
6(a)
Selection sort
19
6(b)

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Insertion sort
21
7
Merge sort
23

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8
First n prime numbers
26
9
Multiply matrices

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28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30
11

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Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34

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13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 7 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd

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Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:
smaller = y

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else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

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return gcd

num1 = 54
num2 = 24

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# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

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print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01
Date:

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GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :

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The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and

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the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 9 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,

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i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

Program:

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def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:

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approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02

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Date:

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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Output:

The square root is 9

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.

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FirstRanker Page 11 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

Algorithm:

1. Define a function named power()

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2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base
ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

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Program:
def power(base,exp):
if(exp==1):
return(base)

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if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

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Output:
Enter base: 7
Enter exponential value: 2
Result:49

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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FirstRanker Page 13 of 42


Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.

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Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n
3. Read the elements of the list until n
4. Assign l[0] as maxno

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5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

Program:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
a=int(input("enter the numbers"))
l.append(a)

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maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:
maxno=l[i]
print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :
04
Date:

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FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS
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?

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


I SEMESTER - R 2017

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GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 2 of 42
DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
MISSION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 3 of 42
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 4 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAM OUTCOMES



a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 5 of 42
GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

SYLLABUS



To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 6 of 42
GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
CONTENTS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09

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3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers

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13
5(a)
Linear search
15
5(b)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Binary search
17
6(a)
Selection sort
19

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6(b)
Insertion sort
21
7
Merge sort

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23
8
First n prime numbers
26
9

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Multiply matrices
28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30

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11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame

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34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 7 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

smaller = y
else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

gcd = i

return gcd

num1 = 54

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num2 = 24

# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

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print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01

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Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

FirstRanker Page 8 of 42

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Sample output :


The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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Result:

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Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 9 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

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print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02
Date:

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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FirstRanker Page 10 of 42
Output:

The square root is 9

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.


FirstRanker Page 11 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base
ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))

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4. Print the result

Program:
def power(base,exp):
if(exp==1):

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

return(base)
if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. : 03
Date:

EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

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Output:
Enter base: 7
Enter exponential value: 2

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Result:49

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 13 of 42


Aim:

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To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n
3. Read the elements of the list until n

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Program:
l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
a=int(input("enter the numbers"))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:
maxno=l[i]

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. :
04

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Date:

FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

FirstRanker Page 14 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Output:
Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6
Enter the numbers 9
Enter the numbers 90

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The maximum number is 90

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


I SEMESTER - R 2017

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL

FirstRanker Page 2 of 42
DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

tag on heart and soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MISSION

FirstRanker Page 3 of 42
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 4 of 42
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 5 of 42
GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OBJECTIVES

FirstRanker Page 6 of 42
GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

09
3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13
5(a)
Linear search
15

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5(b)
Binary search
17
6(a)
Selection sort

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

19
6(b)
Insertion sort
21
7

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Merge sort
23
8
First n prime numbers
26

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9
Multiply matrices
28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

30
11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 7 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Algorithm:

1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

if x > y:
smaller = y
else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

return gcd

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

num1 = 54
num2 = 24

# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. :01
Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 8 of 42
Sample output :


The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 9 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. :02
Date:

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 10 of 42
Output:

The square root is 9

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.


FirstRanker Page 11 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

Algorithm:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

Program:
def power(base,exp):

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

if(exp==1):
return(base)
if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. : 03
Date:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

FirstRanker Page 12 of 42
Output:
Enter base: 7

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter exponential value: 2
Result:49

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

and the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 13 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Read the elements of the list until n
4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Program:
l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a=int(input("enter the numbers"))
l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

maxno=l[i]
print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. :

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

04
Date:

FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 14 of 42
Output:
Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6
Enter the numbers 9

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter the numbers 90
The maximum number is 90

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 15 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search
Algorithm:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Read n elements into the list
2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list
Program:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

def search(alist,item):
pos=0
found=False
stop=False
while pos if alist[pos]==item:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

found=True
print("element found in position",pos)
else:
if alist[pos]>item:
stop=True

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

else:
pos=pos+1
return found
a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
search(a,x)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. : 5(a)
Date:

LINEAR SEARCH
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

I SEMESTER - R 2017

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL

FirstRanker Page 2 of 42
DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

and training.

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
MISSION

FirstRanker Page 3 of 42
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 4 of 42
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 5 of 42
GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Read and write data from/to files in Python.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Read and write data from/to files in Python.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

FirstRanker Page 6 of 42
GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

No.
1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09
3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13
5(a)
Linear search

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

15
5(b)
Binary search
17
6(a)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Selection sort
19
6(b)
Insertion sort
21

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

7
Merge sort
23
8
First n prime numbers

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

26
9
Multiply matrices
28
10

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30
11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

37

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 7 of 42


Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Algorithm:

1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:
smaller = y
else:
smaller = x

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

return gcd

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

num1 = 54
num2 = 24

# take input from the user

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. :01
Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 8 of 42
Sample output :

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 9 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Print the value of approx

Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

return approx

print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. :02
Date:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

FirstRanker Page 10 of 42
Output:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

The square root is 9

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 11 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Algorithm:

1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base
ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

Program:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

def power(base,exp):
if(exp==1):
return(base)
if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. : 03
Date:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

FirstRanker Page 12 of 42
Output:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter base: 7
Enter exponential value: 2
Result:49

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 13 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Read the value of n
3. Read the elements of the list until n
4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

Program:
l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

for i in range(0,n):
a=int(input("enter the numbers"))
l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

if l[i]>maxno:
maxno=l[i]
print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. :
04
Date:

FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 14 of 42
Output:
Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter the numbers 9
Enter the numbers 90
The maximum number is 90

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 15 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Algorithm:
1. Read n elements into the list
2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Program:
def search(alist,item):
pos=0
found=False
stop=False

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

while pos if alist[pos]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",pos)
else:
if alist[pos]>item:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

stop=True
else:
pos=pos+1
return found
a=[]

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

search(a,x)
Ex. No. : 5(a)
Date:

LINEAR SEARCH

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 16 of 42

Output:
Enter upper limit 5

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter the elements 6
Enter the elements 45
Enter the elements 2
Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter element to search 6
Element found in position 1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is verified.


FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


I SEMESTER - R 2017

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL

FirstRanker Page 2 of 42
DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

tag on heart and soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MISSION

FirstRanker Page 3 of 42
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 4 of 42
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications

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d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

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To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)

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4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers

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9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

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Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES

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COURSE OBJECTIVES

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.

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1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)

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09
3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4

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Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13
5(a)
Linear search
15

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5(b)
Binary search
17
6(a)
Selection sort

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19
6(b)
Insertion sort
21
7

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Merge sort
23
8
First n prime numbers
26

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9
Multiply matrices
28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)

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30
11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12

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Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

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Algorithm:

1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1

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Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):

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if x > y:
smaller = y
else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):

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if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

return gcd

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num1 = 54
num2 = 24

# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))

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# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01
Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :


The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().

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2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

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Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n

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better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

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print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02
Date:

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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Output:

The square root is 9

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Result:

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Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.


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Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base

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ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

Program:
def power(base,exp):

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if(exp==1):
return(base)
if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))

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exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

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EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

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Output:
Enter base: 7

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Enter exponential value: 2
Result:49

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully

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and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n

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3. Read the elements of the list until n
4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

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Program:
l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):

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a=int(input("enter the numbers"))
l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:

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maxno=l[i]
print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :

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04
Date:

FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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Output:
Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6
Enter the numbers 9

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Enter the numbers 90
The maximum number is 90

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Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search
Algorithm:

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1. Read n elements into the list
2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list
Program:

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def search(alist,item):
pos=0
found=False
stop=False
while pos if alist[pos]==item:

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found=True
print("element found in position",pos)
else:
if alist[pos]>item:
stop=True

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else:
pos=pos+1
return found
a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))

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for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
search(a,x)

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Ex. No. : 5(a)
Date:

LINEAR SEARCH

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Output:
Enter upper limit 5
Enter the elements 6

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Enter the elements 45
Enter the elements 2
Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26
Enter element to search 6

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Element found in position 1

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output
is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform binary search.
Algorithm:
1. Read the search element

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2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare the search element with the middle element
i. if both are matching, print element found
ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element
4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the

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left sublist of the middle element
5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
right sublist of the middle element
6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list
7. If element is not found, loop terminates

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Program:
def bsearch(alist,item):
first=0
last=len(alist)-1

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found=False
while first<=last and not found:
mid=(first+last)//2
if alist[mid]==item:
found=True

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print("element found in position",mid)
else:
if item last=mid-1
EX. No. : 5(b)
Date:

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BINARY SEARCH
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

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?

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


I SEMESTER - R 2017

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GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________

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Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

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VISION
MISSION

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE

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To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice

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this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that

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will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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FirstRanker Page 4 of 42

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES



a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

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Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 5 of 42
GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

SYLLABUS



To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.

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To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers

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5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices

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10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.

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Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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FirstRanker Page 6 of 42
GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1

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Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09

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3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers

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13
5(a)
Linear search
15
5(b)

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Binary search
17
6(a)
Selection sort
19

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6(b)
Insertion sort
21
7
Merge sort

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23
8
First n prime numbers
26
9

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Multiply matrices
28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30

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11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame

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34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i

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4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:

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smaller = y
else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):

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gcd = i

return gcd

num1 = 54

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num2 = 24

# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

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print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01

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Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :


The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:

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Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 9 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)

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3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

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Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)

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while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

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print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02
Date:

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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Output:

The square root is 9

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Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s

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Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.


FirstRanker Page 11 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base
ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))

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4. Print the result

Program:
def power(base,exp):
if(exp==1):

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return(base)
if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))

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print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

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Output:
Enter base: 7
Enter exponential value: 2

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Result:49

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Aim:

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To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n
3. Read the elements of the list until n

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4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

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Program:
l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
a=int(input("enter the numbers"))

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l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:
maxno=l[i]

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print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :
04

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Date:

FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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Output:
Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6
Enter the numbers 9
Enter the numbers 90

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The maximum number is 90

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Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 15 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search
Algorithm:
1. Read n elements into the list

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2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list
Program:
def search(alist,item):

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

pos=0
found=False
stop=False
while pos if alist[pos]==item:
found=True

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

print("element found in position",pos)
else:
if alist[pos]>item:
stop=True
else:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

pos=pos+1
return found
a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):

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e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
search(a,x)
Ex. No. : 5(a)

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Date:

LINEAR SEARCH

FirstRanker Page 16 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Output:
Enter upper limit 5
Enter the elements 6
Enter the elements 45

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Enter the elements 2
Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26
Enter element to search 6
Element found in position 1

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output
is verified.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 17 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform binary search.
Algorithm:
1. Read the search element
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Compare the search element with the middle element
i. if both are matching, print element found
ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element
4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
left sublist of the middle element

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
right sublist of the middle element
6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list
7. If element is not found, loop terminates

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Program:
def bsearch(alist,item):
first=0
last=len(alist)-1
found=False

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

while first<=last and not found:
mid=(first+last)//2
if alist[mid]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",mid)

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else:
if item last=mid-1
EX. No. : 5(b)
Date:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

BINARY SEARCH

FirstRanker Page 18 of 42
else:
first=mid+mid-1

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return found

a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):

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e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
bsearch(a,x)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Output:
enter upper limit 6
enter the elements 2
enter the elements 3
enter the elements 5

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enter the elements 7
enter the elements 14
enter the elements 25
enter element to search 5
element found in position 2

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output
is verified

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

?

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

I SEMESTER - R 2017

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL

FirstRanker Page 2 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING



is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
MISSION

FirstRanker Page 3 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 4 of 42
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 5 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort

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7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

FirstRanker Page 6 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment

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Page
No.
1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07

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2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09
3
Exponentiation (power of a number)

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11
4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13
5(a)

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Linear search
15
5(b)
Binary search
17

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6(a)
Selection sort
19
6(b)
Insertion sort

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21
7
Merge sort
23
8

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First n prime numbers
26
9
Multiply matrices
28

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10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30
11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file

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32
12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34
13

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Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 7 of 42


Aim:

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To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

Algorithm:

1. Define a function named computeGCD()

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2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:
smaller = y
else:

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smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

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return gcd

num1 = 54
num2 = 24

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# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01
Date:

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GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

FirstRanker Page 8 of 42
Sample output :

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The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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FirstRanker Page 9 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.

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Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better

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ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

Program:

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def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:
approx = better

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better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02
Date:

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SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

FirstRanker Page 10 of 42
Output:

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The square root is 9

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 11 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Algorithm:

1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp

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3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base
ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

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Program:
def power(base,exp):
if(exp==1):
return(base)
if(exp!=1):

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return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03

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Date:

EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

FirstRanker Page 12 of 42

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Output:
Enter base: 7
Enter exponential value: 2
Result:49

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 13 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:

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1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n
3. Read the elements of the list until n
4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]

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6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

Program:
l=[]

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n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
a=int(input("enter the numbers"))
l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]

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for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:
maxno=l[i]
print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :
04
Date:

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FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

FirstRanker Page 14 of 42
Output:
Enter the upper limt 3

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Enter the numbers 6
Enter the numbers 9
Enter the numbers 90
The maximum number is 90

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

executed and the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 15 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search
Algorithm:
1. Read n elements into the list
2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list
Program:
def search(alist,item):
pos=0
found=False

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stop=False
while pos if alist[pos]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",pos)
else:

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if alist[pos]>item:
stop=True
else:
pos=pos+1
return found

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

x=int(input("enter element to search"))
search(a,x)
Ex. No. : 5(a)
Date:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LINEAR SEARCH

FirstRanker Page 16 of 42

Output:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter upper limit 5
Enter the elements 6
Enter the elements 45
Enter the elements 2
Enter the elements 61

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Enter the elements 26
Enter element to search 6
Element found in position 1

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output
is verified.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 17 of 42


Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform binary search.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Algorithm:
1. Read the search element
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare the search element with the middle element
i. if both are matching, print element found

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element
4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
left sublist of the middle element
5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
right sublist of the middle element

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list
7. If element is not found, loop terminates

Program:
def bsearch(alist,item):

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

first=0
last=len(alist)-1
found=False
while first<=last and not found:
mid=(first+last)//2

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if alist[mid]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",mid)
else:
if item last=mid-1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

EX. No. : 5(b)
Date:

BINARY SEARCH

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 18 of 42
else:
first=mid+mid-1
return found

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a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

x=int(input("enter element to search"))
bsearch(a,x)

Output:
enter upper limit 6

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enter the elements 2
enter the elements 3
enter the elements 5
enter the elements 7
enter the elements 14

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

enter the elements 25
enter element to search 5
element found in position 2

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output
is verified

FirstRanker Page 19 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named selectionsort

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Initialise pos=0
3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,
4. Set pos=location
5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]
6. Print the sorted list

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Program:
def selectionSort(alist):
for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):
pos=0
for location in range(1,i+1):

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

if alist[location]>alist[pos]:
pos= location
temp = alist[i]
alist[i] = alist[pos]
alist[pos] = temp

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
selectionSort(alist)
print(alist)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Ex. No. : 6(a)
Date:

SELECTION SORT
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

I SEMESTER - R 2017

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL

FirstRanker Page 2 of 42
DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

and training.

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
MISSION

FirstRanker Page 3 of 42
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 4 of 42
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 5 of 42
GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Read and write data from/to files in Python.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Read and write data from/to files in Python.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

FirstRanker Page 6 of 42
GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page

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No.
1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2

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Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09
3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11

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4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13
5(a)
Linear search

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15
5(b)
Binary search
17
6(a)

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Selection sort
19
6(b)
Insertion sort
21

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7
Merge sort
23
8
First n prime numbers

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26
9
Multiply matrices
28
10

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Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30
11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32

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12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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37

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

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Algorithm:

1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y

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3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

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def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:
smaller = y
else:
smaller = x

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for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

return gcd

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num1 = 54
num2 = 24

# take input from the user

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# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01
Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :

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The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)

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4. Print the value of approx

Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):

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approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)

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return approx

print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02
Date:

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SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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Output:

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The square root is 9

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Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

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Algorithm:

1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not

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i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base
ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

Program:

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def power(base,exp):
if(exp==1):
return(base)
if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))

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base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

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EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

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Output:

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Enter base: 7
Enter exponential value: 2
Result:49

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Result:

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Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l

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2. Read the value of n
3. Read the elements of the list until n
4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1

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7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

Program:
l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))

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for i in range(0,n):
a=int(input("enter the numbers"))
l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):

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if l[i]>maxno:
maxno=l[i]
print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :
04
Date:

FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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Output:
Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6

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Enter the numbers 9
Enter the numbers 90
The maximum number is 90

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Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search

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Algorithm:
1. Read n elements into the list
2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list

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Program:
def search(alist,item):
pos=0
found=False
stop=False

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while pos if alist[pos]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",pos)
else:
if alist[pos]>item:

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stop=True
else:
pos=pos+1
return found
a=[]

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n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))

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search(a,x)
Ex. No. : 5(a)
Date:

LINEAR SEARCH

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Output:
Enter upper limit 5

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Enter the elements 6
Enter the elements 45
Enter the elements 2
Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26

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Enter element to search 6
Element found in position 1

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output

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is verified.



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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform binary search.
Algorithm:

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1. Read the search element
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare the search element with the middle element
i. if both are matching, print element found
ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element

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4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
left sublist of the middle element
5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
right sublist of the middle element
6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list

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7. If element is not found, loop terminates

Program:
def bsearch(alist,item):
first=0

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last=len(alist)-1
found=False
while first<=last and not found:
mid=(first+last)//2
if alist[mid]==item:

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found=True
print("element found in position",mid)
else:
if item last=mid-1
EX. No. : 5(b)

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Date:

BINARY SEARCH

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else:
first=mid+mid-1
return found

a=[]

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n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))

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bsearch(a,x)

Output:
enter upper limit 6
enter the elements 2

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enter the elements 3
enter the elements 5
enter the elements 7
enter the elements 14
enter the elements 25

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enter element to search 5
element found in position 2


Result:

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Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output
is verified

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named selectionsort
2. Initialise pos=0

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3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,
4. Set pos=location
5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]
6. Print the sorted list
Program:

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def selectionSort(alist):
for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):
pos=0
for location in range(1,i+1):
if alist[location]>alist[pos]:

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pos= location
temp = alist[i]
alist[i] = alist[pos]
alist[pos] = temp

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alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
selectionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(a)

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Date:

SELECTION SORT

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Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform selection sort is successfully executed and the

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output is verified.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

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?



DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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I SEMESTER - R 2017

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING

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LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________

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Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

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? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

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VISION
MISSION

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS

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To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to

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identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to

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design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable

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them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer

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Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field

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b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT

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tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to

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convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

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To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.

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Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search

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6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)

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11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.

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Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.

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07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09
3

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Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13

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5(a)
Linear search
15
5(b)
Binary search

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17
6(a)
Selection sort
19
6(b)

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Insertion sort
21
7
Merge sort
23

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8
First n prime numbers
26
9
Multiply matrices

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28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30
11

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Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34

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13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd

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Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:
smaller = y

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else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

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return gcd

num1 = 54
num2 = 24

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# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

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print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01
Date:

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GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :

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The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and

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the output is verified.

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Aim:

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To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,

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i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

Program:

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def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:

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approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02

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Date:

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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Output:

The square root is 9

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Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.

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Aim:

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To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

Algorithm:

1. Define a function named power()

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2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base
ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

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Program:
def power(base,exp):
if(exp==1):
return(base)

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if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

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Output:
Enter base: 7
Enter exponential value: 2
Result:49

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.

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Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n
3. Read the elements of the list until n
4. Assign l[0] as maxno

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5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

Program:

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l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
a=int(input("enter the numbers"))
l.append(a)

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maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:
maxno=l[i]
print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :
04
Date:

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FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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Output:

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Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6
Enter the numbers 9
Enter the numbers 90
The maximum number is 90

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Result:

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Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 15 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search
Algorithm:
1. Read n elements into the list
2. Read the element to be searched

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3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list
Program:
def search(alist,item):
pos=0

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found=False
stop=False
while pos if alist[pos]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",pos)

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else:
if alist[pos]>item:
stop=True
else:
pos=pos+1

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return found
a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))

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a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
search(a,x)
Ex. No. : 5(a)
Date:

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LINEAR SEARCH

FirstRanker Page 16 of 42

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Output:
Enter upper limit 5
Enter the elements 6
Enter the elements 45
Enter the elements 2

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Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26
Enter element to search 6
Element found in position 1

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output
is verified.

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FirstRanker Page 17 of 42


Aim:

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To write a Python Program to perform binary search.
Algorithm:
1. Read the search element
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare the search element with the middle element

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i. if both are matching, print element found
ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element
4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
left sublist of the middle element
5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the

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right sublist of the middle element
6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list
7. If element is not found, loop terminates

Program:

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def bsearch(alist,item):
first=0
last=len(alist)-1
found=False
while first<=last and not found:

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mid=(first+last)//2
if alist[mid]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",mid)
else:

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if item last=mid-1
EX. No. : 5(b)
Date:

BINARY SEARCH

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FirstRanker Page 18 of 42
else:
first=mid+mid-1
return found

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a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))

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a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
bsearch(a,x)

Output:

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enter upper limit 6
enter the elements 2
enter the elements 3
enter the elements 5
enter the elements 7

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enter the elements 14
enter the elements 25
enter element to search 5
element found in position 2

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output
is verified

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FirstRanker Page 19 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.
Algorithm:

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1. Create a function named selectionsort
2. Initialise pos=0
3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,
4. Set pos=location
5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]

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6. Print the sorted list
Program:
def selectionSort(alist):
for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):
pos=0

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for location in range(1,i+1):
if alist[location]>alist[pos]:
pos= location
temp = alist[i]
alist[i] = alist[pos]

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alist[pos] = temp

alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
selectionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(a)
Date:

SELECTION SORT

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Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform selection sort is successfully executed and the
output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 21 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform insertion sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named insertionsort

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2. Initialise currentvalue=alist[index] and position=index
3. while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue, perform the following till len(alist)
4. alist[position]=alist[position-1]
5. position = position-1
6. alist[position]=currentvalue

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7. Print the sorted list

Program:
def insertionSort(alist):
for index in range(1,len(alist)):

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currentvalue = alist[index]
position = index
while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:
alist[position]=alist[position-1]
position = position-1

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alist[position]=currentvalue
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
insertionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(b)
Date:

INSERTION SORT

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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?

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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I SEMESTER - R 2017

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL

FirstRanker Page 2 of 42

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING



is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and

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enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at

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different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

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VISION
MISSION

FirstRanker Page 3 of 42

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and

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fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

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3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

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4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

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5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and

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pursuing advanced degrees

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FirstRanker Page 4 of 42
PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the

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same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools

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f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms

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i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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FirstRanker Page 5 of 42

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

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To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.

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Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.

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2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort

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7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file

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12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.

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Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

FirstRanker Page 6 of 42

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment

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Page
No.
1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07

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2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09
3
Exponentiation (power of a number)

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11
4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13
5(a)

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Linear search
15
5(b)
Binary search
17

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6(a)
Selection sort
19
6(b)
Insertion sort

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21
7
Merge sort
23
8

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First n prime numbers
26
9
Multiply matrices
28

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10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30
11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file

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32
12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34
13

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Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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FirstRanker Page 7 of 42


Aim:

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To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

Algorithm:

1. Define a function named computeGCD()

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2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:
smaller = y
else:

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smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

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return gcd

num1 = 54
num2 = 24

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# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01
Date:

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GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :

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The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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FirstRanker Page 9 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.

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Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better

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ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

Program:

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def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:
approx = better

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better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02
Date:

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SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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Output:

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The square root is 9

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Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.

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FirstRanker Page 11 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

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Algorithm:

1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp

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3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base
ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

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Program:
def power(base,exp):
if(exp==1):
return(base)
if(exp!=1):

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return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03

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Date:

EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

FirstRanker Page 12 of 42

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Output:
Enter base: 7
Enter exponential value: 2
Result:49

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 13 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:

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1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n
3. Read the elements of the list until n
4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]

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6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

Program:
l=[]

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n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
a=int(input("enter the numbers"))
l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]

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for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:
maxno=l[i]
print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :
04
Date:

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FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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Output:
Enter the upper limt 3

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Enter the numbers 6
Enter the numbers 9
Enter the numbers 90
The maximum number is 90

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Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully

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executed and the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 15 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search
Algorithm:
1. Read n elements into the list
2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item

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4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list
Program:
def search(alist,item):
pos=0
found=False

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stop=False
while pos if alist[pos]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",pos)
else:

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if alist[pos]>item:
stop=True
else:
pos=pos+1
return found

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a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)

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x=int(input("enter element to search"))
search(a,x)
Ex. No. : 5(a)
Date:

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LINEAR SEARCH

FirstRanker Page 16 of 42

Output:

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Enter upper limit 5
Enter the elements 6
Enter the elements 45
Enter the elements 2
Enter the elements 61

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Enter the elements 26
Enter element to search 6
Element found in position 1

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Result:

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Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output
is verified.

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FirstRanker Page 17 of 42


Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform binary search.

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Algorithm:
1. Read the search element
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare the search element with the middle element
i. if both are matching, print element found

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ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element
4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
left sublist of the middle element
5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
right sublist of the middle element

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6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list
7. If element is not found, loop terminates

Program:
def bsearch(alist,item):

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first=0
last=len(alist)-1
found=False
while first<=last and not found:
mid=(first+last)//2

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if alist[mid]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",mid)
else:
if item last=mid-1

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EX. No. : 5(b)
Date:

BINARY SEARCH

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FirstRanker Page 18 of 42
else:
first=mid+mid-1
return found

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a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)

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x=int(input("enter element to search"))
bsearch(a,x)

Output:
enter upper limit 6

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enter the elements 2
enter the elements 3
enter the elements 5
enter the elements 7
enter the elements 14

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enter the elements 25
enter element to search 5
element found in position 2

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output
is verified

FirstRanker Page 19 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named selectionsort

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2. Initialise pos=0
3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,
4. Set pos=location
5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]
6. Print the sorted list

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Program:
def selectionSort(alist):
for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):
pos=0
for location in range(1,i+1):

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if alist[location]>alist[pos]:
pos= location
temp = alist[i]
alist[i] = alist[pos]
alist[pos] = temp

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alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
selectionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(a)
Date:

SELECTION SORT

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FirstRanker Page 20 of 42
Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thus the Python Program to perform selection sort is successfully executed and the
output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 21 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform insertion sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named insertionsort
2. Initialise currentvalue=alist[index] and position=index

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3. while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue, perform the following till len(alist)
4. alist[position]=alist[position-1]
5. position = position-1
6. alist[position]=currentvalue
7. Print the sorted list

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Program:
def insertionSort(alist):
for index in range(1,len(alist)):
currentvalue = alist[index]

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position = index
while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:
alist[position]=alist[position-1]
position = position-1
alist[position]=currentvalue

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alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
insertionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(b)

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Date:

INSERTION SORT

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 22 of 42
Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the Python program to perform insertion sort is successfully executed and the output
is verified.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

?

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


I SEMESTER - R 2017

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price

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tag on heart and soul

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VISION

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MISSION

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

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2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS

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To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications

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d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as

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economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

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To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)

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4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers

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9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

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Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES

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COURSE OBJECTIVES

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.

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1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)

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09
3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4

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Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13
5(a)
Linear search
15

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5(b)
Binary search
17
6(a)
Selection sort

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19
6(b)
Insertion sort
21
7

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Merge sort
23
8
First n prime numbers
26

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9
Multiply matrices
28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)

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30
11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12

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Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

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Algorithm:

1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1

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Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):

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if x > y:
smaller = y
else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):

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if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

return gcd

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num1 = 54
num2 = 24

# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))

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# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01
Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :


The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().

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2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

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Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n

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better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

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print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02
Date:

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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Output:

The square root is 9

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Result:

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Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.


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Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base

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ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

Program:
def power(base,exp):

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if(exp==1):
return(base)
if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))

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exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

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EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

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Output:
Enter base: 7

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Enter exponential value: 2
Result:49

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully

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and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n

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3. Read the elements of the list until n
4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

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Program:
l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):

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a=int(input("enter the numbers"))
l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:

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maxno=l[i]
print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :

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04
Date:

FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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Output:
Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6
Enter the numbers 9

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Enter the numbers 90
The maximum number is 90

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Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search
Algorithm:

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1. Read n elements into the list
2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list
Program:

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def search(alist,item):
pos=0
found=False
stop=False
while pos if alist[pos]==item:

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found=True
print("element found in position",pos)
else:
if alist[pos]>item:
stop=True

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else:
pos=pos+1
return found
a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))

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for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
search(a,x)

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Ex. No. : 5(a)
Date:

LINEAR SEARCH

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Output:
Enter upper limit 5
Enter the elements 6

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Enter the elements 45
Enter the elements 2
Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26
Enter element to search 6

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Element found in position 1

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output
is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform binary search.
Algorithm:
1. Read the search element

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2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare the search element with the middle element
i. if both are matching, print element found
ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element
4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the

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left sublist of the middle element
5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
right sublist of the middle element
6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list
7. If element is not found, loop terminates

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Program:
def bsearch(alist,item):
first=0
last=len(alist)-1

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found=False
while first<=last and not found:
mid=(first+last)//2
if alist[mid]==item:
found=True

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print("element found in position",mid)
else:
if item last=mid-1
EX. No. : 5(b)
Date:

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BINARY SEARCH

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else:

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first=mid+mid-1
return found

a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))

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for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
bsearch(a,x)

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Output:
enter upper limit 6
enter the elements 2
enter the elements 3

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enter the elements 5
enter the elements 7
enter the elements 14
enter the elements 25
enter element to search 5

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element found in position 2


Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output

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is verified

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Aim:

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To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named selectionsort
2. Initialise pos=0
3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,

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4. Set pos=location
5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]
6. Print the sorted list
Program:
def selectionSort(alist):

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for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):
pos=0
for location in range(1,i+1):
if alist[location]>alist[pos]:
pos= location

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temp = alist[i]
alist[i] = alist[pos]
alist[pos] = temp

alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]

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selectionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(a)
Date:

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SELECTION SORT

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Output:

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[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform selection sort is successfully executed and the
output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 21 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform insertion sort.

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Algorithm:
1. Create a function named insertionsort
2. Initialise currentvalue=alist[index] and position=index
3. while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue, perform the following till len(alist)
4. alist[position]=alist[position-1]

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5. position = position-1
6. alist[position]=currentvalue
7. Print the sorted list

Program:

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def insertionSort(alist):
for index in range(1,len(alist)):
currentvalue = alist[index]
position = index
while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:

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alist[position]=alist[position-1]
position = position-1
alist[position]=currentvalue
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
insertionSort(alist)

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print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(b)
Date:

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INSERTION SORT


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Output:

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[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform insertion sort is successfully executed and the output

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is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 23 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python Program to perform Merge sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named mergesort
2. Find the mid of the list
3. Assign lefthalf = alist[:mid] and righthalf = alist[mid:]

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4. Initialise i=j=k=0
5. while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf), perform the following
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i

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else
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k
6. while i < len(lefthalf),perform the following

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alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i
Increment k
7. while j < len(righthalf), perform the following
alist[k]=righthalf[j]

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Increment j
Increment k
8. Print the sorted list

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Ex. No. : 7
Date:

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MERGE SORT

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?

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


I SEMESTER - R 2017

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GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price

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tag on heart and soul

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VISION

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MISSION

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS

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To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications

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d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

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To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)

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4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers

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9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

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Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES

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COURSE OBJECTIVES

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.

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1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)

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09
3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4

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Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13
5(a)
Linear search
15

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5(b)
Binary search
17
6(a)
Selection sort

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19
6(b)
Insertion sort
21
7

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Merge sort
23
8
First n prime numbers
26

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9
Multiply matrices
28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)

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30
11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12

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Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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FirstRanker Page 7 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

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Algorithm:

1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1

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Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):

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if x > y:
smaller = y
else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):

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if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

return gcd

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num1 = 54
num2 = 24

# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))

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# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01
Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :


The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 9 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().

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2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

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Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n

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better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

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print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02
Date:

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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Output:

The square root is 9

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Result:

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Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.


FirstRanker Page 11 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base

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ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

Program:
def power(base,exp):

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if(exp==1):
return(base)
if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))

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exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

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EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

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Output:
Enter base: 7

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Enter exponential value: 2
Result:49

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully

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and the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 13 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n

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3. Read the elements of the list until n
4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

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Program:
l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):

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a=int(input("enter the numbers"))
l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:

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maxno=l[i]
print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :

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04
Date:

FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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Output:
Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6
Enter the numbers 9

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Enter the numbers 90
The maximum number is 90

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Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search
Algorithm:

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1. Read n elements into the list
2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list
Program:

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def search(alist,item):
pos=0
found=False
stop=False
while pos if alist[pos]==item:

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found=True
print("element found in position",pos)
else:
if alist[pos]>item:
stop=True

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else:
pos=pos+1
return found
a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))

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for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
search(a,x)

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Ex. No. : 5(a)
Date:

LINEAR SEARCH

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Output:
Enter upper limit 5
Enter the elements 6

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Enter the elements 45
Enter the elements 2
Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26
Enter element to search 6

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Element found in position 1

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output
is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform binary search.
Algorithm:
1. Read the search element

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2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare the search element with the middle element
i. if both are matching, print element found
ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element
4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the

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left sublist of the middle element
5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
right sublist of the middle element
6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list
7. If element is not found, loop terminates

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Program:
def bsearch(alist,item):
first=0
last=len(alist)-1

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found=False
while first<=last and not found:
mid=(first+last)//2
if alist[mid]==item:
found=True

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print("element found in position",mid)
else:
if item last=mid-1
EX. No. : 5(b)
Date:

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BINARY SEARCH

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else:

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first=mid+mid-1
return found

a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))

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for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
bsearch(a,x)

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Output:
enter upper limit 6
enter the elements 2
enter the elements 3

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enter the elements 5
enter the elements 7
enter the elements 14
enter the elements 25
enter element to search 5

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element found in position 2


Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output

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is verified

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Aim:

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To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named selectionsort
2. Initialise pos=0
3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,

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4. Set pos=location
5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]
6. Print the sorted list
Program:
def selectionSort(alist):

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for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):
pos=0
for location in range(1,i+1):
if alist[location]>alist[pos]:
pos= location

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temp = alist[i]
alist[i] = alist[pos]
alist[pos] = temp

alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]

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selectionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(a)
Date:

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SELECTION SORT

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Output:

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[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform selection sort is successfully executed and the
output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 21 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform insertion sort.

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Algorithm:
1. Create a function named insertionsort
2. Initialise currentvalue=alist[index] and position=index
3. while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue, perform the following till len(alist)
4. alist[position]=alist[position-1]

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5. position = position-1
6. alist[position]=currentvalue
7. Print the sorted list

Program:

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def insertionSort(alist):
for index in range(1,len(alist)):
currentvalue = alist[index]
position = index
while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:

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alist[position]=alist[position-1]
position = position-1
alist[position]=currentvalue
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
insertionSort(alist)

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print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(b)
Date:

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INSERTION SORT


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 22 of 42
Output:

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[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform insertion sort is successfully executed and the output

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is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 23 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python Program to perform Merge sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named mergesort
2. Find the mid of the list
3. Assign lefthalf = alist[:mid] and righthalf = alist[mid:]

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4. Initialise i=j=k=0
5. while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf), perform the following
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i

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else
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k
6. while i < len(lefthalf),perform the following

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alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i
Increment k
7. while j < len(righthalf), perform the following
alist[k]=righthalf[j]

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Increment j
Increment k
8. Print the sorted list

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Ex. No. : 7
Date:

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MERGE SORT


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 24 of 42

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Program:
def mergeSort(alist):
# print("Splitting ",alist)
if len(alist)>1:
mid = len(alist)//2

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lefthalf = alist[:mid]
righthalf = alist[mid:]
mergeSort(lefthalf)
mergeSort(righthalf)
i=j=k=0

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while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf):
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
else:

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alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1
k=k+1
while i < len(lefthalf):
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]

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i=i+1
k=k+1
while j < len(righthalf):
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1

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k=k+1
#print("Merging ",alist)
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
mergeSort(alist)
print(alist)

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

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?



DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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I SEMESTER - R 2017

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING

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LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________

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Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

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? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

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VISION
MISSION

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS

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To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to

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identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to

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design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable

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them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer

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Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field

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b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT

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tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to

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convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

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To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.

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Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search

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6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)

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11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.

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Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.

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07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09
3

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Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13

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5(a)
Linear search
15
5(b)
Binary search

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17
6(a)
Selection sort
19
6(b)

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Insertion sort
21
7
Merge sort
23

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8
First n prime numbers
26
9
Multiply matrices

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28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30
11

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Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34

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13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd

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Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:
smaller = y

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else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

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return gcd

num1 = 54
num2 = 24

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# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

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print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01
Date:

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GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :

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The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and

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the output is verified.

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Aim:

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To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,

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i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

Program:

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def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:

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approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02

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Date:

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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Output:

The square root is 9

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Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.

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Aim:

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To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

Algorithm:

1. Define a function named power()

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2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base
ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

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Program:
def power(base,exp):
if(exp==1):
return(base)

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if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

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Output:
Enter base: 7
Enter exponential value: 2
Result:49

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.

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Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n
3. Read the elements of the list until n
4. Assign l[0] as maxno

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5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

Program:

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l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
a=int(input("enter the numbers"))
l.append(a)

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maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:
maxno=l[i]
print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :
04
Date:

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FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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Output:

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Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6
Enter the numbers 9
Enter the numbers 90
The maximum number is 90

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Result:

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Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 15 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search
Algorithm:
1. Read n elements into the list
2. Read the element to be searched

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3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list
Program:
def search(alist,item):
pos=0

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found=False
stop=False
while pos if alist[pos]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",pos)

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else:
if alist[pos]>item:
stop=True
else:
pos=pos+1

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return found
a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))

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a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
search(a,x)
Ex. No. : 5(a)
Date:

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LINEAR SEARCH

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Output:
Enter upper limit 5
Enter the elements 6
Enter the elements 45
Enter the elements 2

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Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26
Enter element to search 6
Element found in position 1

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output
is verified.

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Aim:

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To write a Python Program to perform binary search.
Algorithm:
1. Read the search element
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare the search element with the middle element

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i. if both are matching, print element found
ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element
4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
left sublist of the middle element
5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the

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right sublist of the middle element
6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list
7. If element is not found, loop terminates

Program:

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def bsearch(alist,item):
first=0
last=len(alist)-1
found=False
while first<=last and not found:

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mid=(first+last)//2
if alist[mid]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",mid)
else:

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if item last=mid-1
EX. No. : 5(b)
Date:

BINARY SEARCH

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else:
first=mid+mid-1
return found

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a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))

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a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
bsearch(a,x)

Output:

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enter upper limit 6
enter the elements 2
enter the elements 3
enter the elements 5
enter the elements 7

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enter the elements 14
enter the elements 25
enter element to search 5
element found in position 2

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output
is verified

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.
Algorithm:

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1. Create a function named selectionsort
2. Initialise pos=0
3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,
4. Set pos=location
5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]

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6. Print the sorted list
Program:
def selectionSort(alist):
for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):
pos=0

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for location in range(1,i+1):
if alist[location]>alist[pos]:
pos= location
temp = alist[i]
alist[i] = alist[pos]

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alist[pos] = temp

alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
selectionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(a)
Date:

SELECTION SORT

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Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform selection sort is successfully executed and the
output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 21 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform insertion sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named insertionsort

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2. Initialise currentvalue=alist[index] and position=index
3. while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue, perform the following till len(alist)
4. alist[position]=alist[position-1]
5. position = position-1
6. alist[position]=currentvalue

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7. Print the sorted list

Program:
def insertionSort(alist):
for index in range(1,len(alist)):

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currentvalue = alist[index]
position = index
while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:
alist[position]=alist[position-1]
position = position-1

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alist[position]=currentvalue
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
insertionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(b)
Date:

INSERTION SORT

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 22 of 42
Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform insertion sort is successfully executed and the output
is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 23 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Merge sort.
Algorithm:

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1. Create a function named mergesort
2. Find the mid of the list
3. Assign lefthalf = alist[:mid] and righthalf = alist[mid:]
4. Initialise i=j=k=0
5. while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf), perform the following

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if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i
else
alist[k]=righthalf[j]

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Increment j
Increment k
6. while i < len(lefthalf),perform the following
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i

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Increment k
7. while j < len(righthalf), perform the following
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k

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8. Print the sorted list

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Ex. No. : 7
Date:

MERGE SORT

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 24 of 42
Program:
def mergeSort(alist):

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# print("Splitting ",alist)
if len(alist)>1:
mid = len(alist)//2
lefthalf = alist[:mid]
righthalf = alist[mid:]

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mergeSort(lefthalf)
mergeSort(righthalf)
i=j=k=0
while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf):
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:

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alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
else:
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1

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k=k+1
while i < len(lefthalf):
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
k=k+1

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while j < len(righthalf):
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1
k=k+1
#print("Merging ",alist)

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alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
mergeSort(alist)
print(alist)

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 25 of 42
Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform merge sort is successfully executed and the output is
verifie
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

?

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


I SEMESTER - R 2017

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GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price

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tag on heart and soul

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VISION

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MISSION

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

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2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS

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To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications

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d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as

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economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

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To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)

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4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers

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9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

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Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES

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COURSE OBJECTIVES

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.

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1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)

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09
3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4

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Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13
5(a)
Linear search
15

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5(b)
Binary search
17
6(a)
Selection sort

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19
6(b)
Insertion sort
21
7

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Merge sort
23
8
First n prime numbers
26

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9
Multiply matrices
28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)

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30
11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12

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Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

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Algorithm:

1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1

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Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):

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if x > y:
smaller = y
else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):

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if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

return gcd

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num1 = 54
num2 = 24

# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))

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# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01
Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :


The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 9 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().

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2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

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Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n

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better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

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print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02
Date:

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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Output:

The square root is 9

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Result:

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Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.


FirstRanker Page 11 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base

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ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

Program:
def power(base,exp):

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if(exp==1):
return(base)
if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))

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exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

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EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

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Output:
Enter base: 7

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Enter exponential value: 2
Result:49

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully

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and the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 13 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n

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3. Read the elements of the list until n
4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

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Program:
l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):

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a=int(input("enter the numbers"))
l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:

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maxno=l[i]
print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :

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04
Date:

FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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Output:
Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6
Enter the numbers 9

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Enter the numbers 90
The maximum number is 90

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Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search
Algorithm:

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1. Read n elements into the list
2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list
Program:

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def search(alist,item):
pos=0
found=False
stop=False
while pos if alist[pos]==item:

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found=True
print("element found in position",pos)
else:
if alist[pos]>item:
stop=True

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else:
pos=pos+1
return found
a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))

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for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
search(a,x)

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Ex. No. : 5(a)
Date:

LINEAR SEARCH

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Output:
Enter upper limit 5
Enter the elements 6

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Enter the elements 45
Enter the elements 2
Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26
Enter element to search 6

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Element found in position 1

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output
is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform binary search.
Algorithm:
1. Read the search element

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2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare the search element with the middle element
i. if both are matching, print element found
ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element
4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the

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left sublist of the middle element
5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
right sublist of the middle element
6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list
7. If element is not found, loop terminates

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Program:
def bsearch(alist,item):
first=0
last=len(alist)-1

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found=False
while first<=last and not found:
mid=(first+last)//2
if alist[mid]==item:
found=True

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print("element found in position",mid)
else:
if item last=mid-1
EX. No. : 5(b)
Date:

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BINARY SEARCH

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else:

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first=mid+mid-1
return found

a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))

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for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
bsearch(a,x)

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Output:
enter upper limit 6
enter the elements 2
enter the elements 3

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enter the elements 5
enter the elements 7
enter the elements 14
enter the elements 25
enter element to search 5

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element found in position 2


Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output

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is verified

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Aim:

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To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named selectionsort
2. Initialise pos=0
3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,

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4. Set pos=location
5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]
6. Print the sorted list
Program:
def selectionSort(alist):

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for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):
pos=0
for location in range(1,i+1):
if alist[location]>alist[pos]:
pos= location

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temp = alist[i]
alist[i] = alist[pos]
alist[pos] = temp

alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]

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selectionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(a)
Date:

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SELECTION SORT

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Output:

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[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform selection sort is successfully executed and the
output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 21 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform insertion sort.

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Algorithm:
1. Create a function named insertionsort
2. Initialise currentvalue=alist[index] and position=index
3. while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue, perform the following till len(alist)
4. alist[position]=alist[position-1]

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5. position = position-1
6. alist[position]=currentvalue
7. Print the sorted list

Program:

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def insertionSort(alist):
for index in range(1,len(alist)):
currentvalue = alist[index]
position = index
while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:

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alist[position]=alist[position-1]
position = position-1
alist[position]=currentvalue
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
insertionSort(alist)

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print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(b)
Date:

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INSERTION SORT


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Output:

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[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform insertion sort is successfully executed and the output

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is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 23 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python Program to perform Merge sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named mergesort
2. Find the mid of the list
3. Assign lefthalf = alist[:mid] and righthalf = alist[mid:]

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4. Initialise i=j=k=0
5. while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf), perform the following
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i

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else
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k
6. while i < len(lefthalf),perform the following

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alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i
Increment k
7. while j < len(righthalf), perform the following
alist[k]=righthalf[j]

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Increment j
Increment k
8. Print the sorted list

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Ex. No. : 7
Date:

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MERGE SORT


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 24 of 42

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Program:
def mergeSort(alist):
# print("Splitting ",alist)
if len(alist)>1:
mid = len(alist)//2

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lefthalf = alist[:mid]
righthalf = alist[mid:]
mergeSort(lefthalf)
mergeSort(righthalf)
i=j=k=0

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while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf):
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
else:

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alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1
k=k+1
while i < len(lefthalf):
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]

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i=i+1
k=k+1
while j < len(righthalf):
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1

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k=k+1
#print("Merging ",alist)
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
mergeSort(alist)
print(alist)

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 25 of 42
Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform merge sort is successfully executed and the output is
verifie

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 26 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to find first n prime numbers.

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Algorithm:
1. Read the value of n
2. for num in range(0,n + 1), perform the following
3. if num%i is 0 then break

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else print the value of num
4. Repeat step 3 for i in range(2,num)

Program:

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n = int(input("Enter the upper limit: "))

print("Prime numbers are")

for num in range(0,n + 1):

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# prime numbers are greater than 1
if num > 1:
for i in range(2,num):
if (num % i) == 0:
break

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else:
print(num)

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Ex. No. : 8
Date:

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FIRST N PRIME NUMBERS

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

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?

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


I SEMESTER - R 2017

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GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________

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Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

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VISION
MISSION

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE

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To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice

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this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that

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will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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FirstRanker Page 4 of 42

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES



a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

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Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution

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e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable

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h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)

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SYLLABUS



To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.

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To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers

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5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices

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10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.

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Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1

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Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09

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3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers

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13
5(a)
Linear search
15
5(b)

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Binary search
17
6(a)
Selection sort
19

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6(b)
Insertion sort
21
7
Merge sort

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23
8
First n prime numbers
26
9

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Multiply matrices
28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30

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11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame

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34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i

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4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:

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smaller = y
else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):

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gcd = i

return gcd

num1 = 54

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num2 = 24

# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

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print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01

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Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :


The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:

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Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 9 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)

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3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

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Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)

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while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

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print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02
Date:

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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Output:

The square root is 9

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Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s

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Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.


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Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base
ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))

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4. Print the result

Program:
def power(base,exp):
if(exp==1):

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return(base)
if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))

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print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

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Output:
Enter base: 7
Enter exponential value: 2

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Result:49

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Aim:

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To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n
3. Read the elements of the list until n

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4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

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Program:
l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
a=int(input("enter the numbers"))

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l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:
maxno=l[i]

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print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :
04

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Date:

FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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Output:
Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6
Enter the numbers 9
Enter the numbers 90

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The maximum number is 90

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Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 15 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search
Algorithm:
1. Read n elements into the list

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2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list
Program:
def search(alist,item):

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pos=0
found=False
stop=False
while pos if alist[pos]==item:
found=True

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print("element found in position",pos)
else:
if alist[pos]>item:
stop=True
else:

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pos=pos+1
return found
a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):

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e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
search(a,x)
Ex. No. : 5(a)

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Date:

LINEAR SEARCH

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Output:
Enter upper limit 5
Enter the elements 6
Enter the elements 45

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Enter the elements 2
Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26
Enter element to search 6
Element found in position 1

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output
is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform binary search.
Algorithm:
1. Read the search element
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list

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3. Compare the search element with the middle element
i. if both are matching, print element found
ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element
4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
left sublist of the middle element

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5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
right sublist of the middle element
6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list
7. If element is not found, loop terminates

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Program:
def bsearch(alist,item):
first=0
last=len(alist)-1
found=False

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while first<=last and not found:
mid=(first+last)//2
if alist[mid]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",mid)

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else:
if item last=mid-1
EX. No. : 5(b)
Date:

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BINARY SEARCH

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else:
first=mid+mid-1

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return found

a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):

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e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
bsearch(a,x)

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Output:
enter upper limit 6
enter the elements 2
enter the elements 3
enter the elements 5

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enter the elements 7
enter the elements 14
enter the elements 25
enter element to search 5
element found in position 2

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output
is verified

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.

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Algorithm:
1. Create a function named selectionsort
2. Initialise pos=0
3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,
4. Set pos=location

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5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]
6. Print the sorted list
Program:
def selectionSort(alist):
for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):

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pos=0
for location in range(1,i+1):
if alist[location]>alist[pos]:
pos= location
temp = alist[i]

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alist[i] = alist[pos]
alist[pos] = temp

alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
selectionSort(alist)

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print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(a)
Date:

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SELECTION SORT

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Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform selection sort is successfully executed and the
output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 21 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform insertion sort.
Algorithm:

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1. Create a function named insertionsort
2. Initialise currentvalue=alist[index] and position=index
3. while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue, perform the following till len(alist)
4. alist[position]=alist[position-1]
5. position = position-1

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6. alist[position]=currentvalue
7. Print the sorted list

Program:
def insertionSort(alist):

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for index in range(1,len(alist)):
currentvalue = alist[index]
position = index
while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:
alist[position]=alist[position-1]

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position = position-1
alist[position]=currentvalue
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
insertionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(b)
Date:

INSERTION SORT

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 22 of 42
Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform insertion sort is successfully executed and the output
is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 23 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Merge sort.

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Algorithm:
1. Create a function named mergesort
2. Find the mid of the list
3. Assign lefthalf = alist[:mid] and righthalf = alist[mid:]
4. Initialise i=j=k=0

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5. while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf), perform the following
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i
else

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alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k
6. while i < len(lefthalf),perform the following
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]

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Increment i
Increment k
7. while j < len(righthalf), perform the following
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j

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Increment k
8. Print the sorted list

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Ex. No. : 7
Date:

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MERGE SORT


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 24 of 42
Program:

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def mergeSort(alist):
# print("Splitting ",alist)
if len(alist)>1:
mid = len(alist)//2
lefthalf = alist[:mid]

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righthalf = alist[mid:]
mergeSort(lefthalf)
mergeSort(righthalf)
i=j=k=0
while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf):

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if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
else:
alist[k]=righthalf[j]

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j=j+1
k=k+1
while i < len(lefthalf):
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1

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k=k+1
while j < len(righthalf):
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1
k=k+1

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#print("Merging ",alist)
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
mergeSort(alist)
print(alist)

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 25 of 42
Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform merge sort is successfully executed and the output is
verifie

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 26 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to find first n prime numbers.

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Algorithm:
1. Read the value of n
2. for num in range(0,n + 1), perform the following
3. if num%i is 0 then break
else print the value of num

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4. Repeat step 3 for i in range(2,num)

Program:

n = int(input("Enter the upper limit: "))

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print("Prime numbers are")

for num in range(0,n + 1):
# prime numbers are greater than 1

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if num > 1:
for i in range(2,num):
if (num % i) == 0:
break
else:

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print(num)

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Ex. No. : 8
Date:

FIRST N PRIME NUMBERS

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 27 of 42
Output:
Enter the upper limit:100

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Prime numbers are
2
3
5
7

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11
13
17
19
23

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29
31
37
41
43

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47
53
59
61
67

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71
73
79
83
89

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97

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to find the first n prime numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

?

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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I SEMESTER - R 2017

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education

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and training.

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels

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? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

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VISION
MISSION

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

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2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

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3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

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4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

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5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career

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c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society

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g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with

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coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING

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LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

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To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.

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Read and write data from/to files in Python.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)

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3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort

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8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame

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13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.

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Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING

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LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page

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No.
1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2

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Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09
3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11

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4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13
5(a)
Linear search

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15
5(b)
Binary search
17
6(a)

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Selection sort
19
6(b)
Insertion sort
21

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7
Merge sort
23
8
First n prime numbers

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26
9
Multiply matrices
28
10

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Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30
11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32

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12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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37

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

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Algorithm:

1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y

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3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

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def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:
smaller = y
else:
smaller = x

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for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

return gcd

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num1 = 54
num2 = 24

# take input from the user

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# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01
Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :

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The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)

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4. Print the value of approx

Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):

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approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)

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return approx

print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02
Date:

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SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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Output:

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The square root is 9

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Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

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Algorithm:

1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not

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i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base
ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

Program:

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def power(base,exp):
if(exp==1):
return(base)
if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))

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base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

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EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

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Output:

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Enter base: 7
Enter exponential value: 2
Result:49

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Result:

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Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 13 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l

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2. Read the value of n
3. Read the elements of the list until n
4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1

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7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

Program:
l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))

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for i in range(0,n):
a=int(input("enter the numbers"))
l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):

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if l[i]>maxno:
maxno=l[i]
print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :
04
Date:

FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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Output:
Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6

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Enter the numbers 9
Enter the numbers 90
The maximum number is 90

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Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search

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Algorithm:
1. Read n elements into the list
2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list

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Program:
def search(alist,item):
pos=0
found=False
stop=False

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while pos if alist[pos]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",pos)
else:
if alist[pos]>item:

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stop=True
else:
pos=pos+1
return found
a=[]

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n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))

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search(a,x)
Ex. No. : 5(a)
Date:

LINEAR SEARCH

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Output:
Enter upper limit 5

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Enter the elements 6
Enter the elements 45
Enter the elements 2
Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26

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Enter element to search 6
Element found in position 1

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output

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is verified.



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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform binary search.
Algorithm:

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1. Read the search element
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare the search element with the middle element
i. if both are matching, print element found
ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element

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4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
left sublist of the middle element
5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
right sublist of the middle element
6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list

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7. If element is not found, loop terminates

Program:
def bsearch(alist,item):
first=0

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last=len(alist)-1
found=False
while first<=last and not found:
mid=(first+last)//2
if alist[mid]==item:

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found=True
print("element found in position",mid)
else:
if item last=mid-1
EX. No. : 5(b)

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Date:

BINARY SEARCH

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else:
first=mid+mid-1
return found

a=[]

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n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))

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bsearch(a,x)

Output:
enter upper limit 6
enter the elements 2

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enter the elements 3
enter the elements 5
enter the elements 7
enter the elements 14
enter the elements 25

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enter element to search 5
element found in position 2


Result:

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Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output
is verified

FirstRanker Page 19 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named selectionsort
2. Initialise pos=0

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3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,
4. Set pos=location
5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]
6. Print the sorted list
Program:

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def selectionSort(alist):
for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):
pos=0
for location in range(1,i+1):
if alist[location]>alist[pos]:

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pos= location
temp = alist[i]
alist[i] = alist[pos]
alist[pos] = temp

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alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
selectionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(a)

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Date:

SELECTION SORT

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Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform selection sort is successfully executed and the

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output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 21 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python Program to perform insertion sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named insertionsort
2. Initialise currentvalue=alist[index] and position=index
3. while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue, perform the following till len(alist)

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4. alist[position]=alist[position-1]
5. position = position-1
6. alist[position]=currentvalue
7. Print the sorted list

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Program:
def insertionSort(alist):
for index in range(1,len(alist)):
currentvalue = alist[index]
position = index

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while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:
alist[position]=alist[position-1]
position = position-1
alist[position]=currentvalue
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]

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insertionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(b)
Date:

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INSERTION SORT


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 22 of 42

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Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:

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Thus the Python program to perform insertion sort is successfully executed and the output
is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 23 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Merge sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named mergesort
2. Find the mid of the list

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3. Assign lefthalf = alist[:mid] and righthalf = alist[mid:]
4. Initialise i=j=k=0
5. while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf), perform the following
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]

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Increment i
else
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k

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6. while i < len(lefthalf),perform the following
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i
Increment k
7. while j < len(righthalf), perform the following

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alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k
8. Print the sorted list

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Ex. No. : 7

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Date:

MERGE SORT

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 24 of 42
Program:
def mergeSort(alist):
# print("Splitting ",alist)
if len(alist)>1:

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mid = len(alist)//2
lefthalf = alist[:mid]
righthalf = alist[mid:]
mergeSort(lefthalf)
mergeSort(righthalf)

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i=j=k=0
while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf):
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1

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else:
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1
k=k+1
while i < len(lefthalf):

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alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
k=k+1
while j < len(righthalf):
alist[k]=righthalf[j]

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j=j+1
k=k+1
#print("Merging ",alist)
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
mergeSort(alist)

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print(alist)


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Output:

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[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform merge sort is successfully executed and the output is

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verifie

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 26 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python program to find first n prime numbers.

Algorithm:
1. Read the value of n
2. for num in range(0,n + 1), perform the following

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3. if num%i is 0 then break
else print the value of num
4. Repeat step 3 for i in range(2,num)

Program:

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n = int(input("Enter the upper limit: "))

print("Prime numbers are")

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for num in range(0,n + 1):
# prime numbers are greater than 1
if num > 1:
for i in range(2,num):
if (num % i) == 0:

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break
else:
print(num)

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Ex. No. : 8
Date:

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FIRST N PRIME NUMBERS


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Output:
Enter the upper limit:100
Prime numbers are
2
3

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5
7
11
13
17

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19
23
29
31
37

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41
43
47
53
59

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61
67
71
73
79

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83
89
97

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to find the first n prime numbers is executed successfully and

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the output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 28 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python program to multiply matrices.
Algorithm:
1. Define two matrices X and Y
2. Create a resultant matrix named ?result ?
3. for i in range(len(X)):

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i. for j in range(len(Y[0])):
a) for k in range(len(Y))
b) result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
4. for r in result, print the value of r

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Program:

X = [[12,7,3],
[4 ,5,6],
[7 ,8,9]]

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Y = [[5,8,1,2],
[6,7,3,0],
[4,5,9,1]]
result = [[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0],

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[0,0,0,0]]
for i in range(len(X)):
for j in range(len(Y[0])):
for k in range(len(Y)):
result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]

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for r in result:
print(r)

Ex. No. : 9
Date:

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MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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?

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


I SEMESTER - R 2017

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GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price

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tag on heart and soul

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VISION

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MISSION

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

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2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS

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To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications

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d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as

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economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

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To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)

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4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers

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9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

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Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES

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COURSE OBJECTIVES

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.

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1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)

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09
3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4

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Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13
5(a)
Linear search
15

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5(b)
Binary search
17
6(a)
Selection sort

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19
6(b)
Insertion sort
21
7

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Merge sort
23
8
First n prime numbers
26

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9
Multiply matrices
28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)

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30
11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12

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Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

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Algorithm:

1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1

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Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):

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if x > y:
smaller = y
else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):

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if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

return gcd

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num1 = 54
num2 = 24

# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))

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# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01
Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :


The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().

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2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

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Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n

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better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

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print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02
Date:

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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Output:

The square root is 9

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Result:

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Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.


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Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base

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ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

Program:
def power(base,exp):

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if(exp==1):
return(base)
if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))

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exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

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EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

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Output:
Enter base: 7

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Enter exponential value: 2
Result:49

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully

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and the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 13 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n

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3. Read the elements of the list until n
4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

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Program:
l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):

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a=int(input("enter the numbers"))
l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:

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maxno=l[i]
print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :

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04
Date:

FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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Output:
Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6
Enter the numbers 9

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Enter the numbers 90
The maximum number is 90

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Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search
Algorithm:

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1. Read n elements into the list
2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list
Program:

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def search(alist,item):
pos=0
found=False
stop=False
while pos if alist[pos]==item:

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found=True
print("element found in position",pos)
else:
if alist[pos]>item:
stop=True

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else:
pos=pos+1
return found
a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))

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for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
search(a,x)

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Ex. No. : 5(a)
Date:

LINEAR SEARCH

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Output:
Enter upper limit 5
Enter the elements 6

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Enter the elements 45
Enter the elements 2
Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26
Enter element to search 6

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Element found in position 1

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output
is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform binary search.
Algorithm:
1. Read the search element

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2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare the search element with the middle element
i. if both are matching, print element found
ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element
4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the

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left sublist of the middle element
5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
right sublist of the middle element
6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list
7. If element is not found, loop terminates

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Program:
def bsearch(alist,item):
first=0
last=len(alist)-1

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found=False
while first<=last and not found:
mid=(first+last)//2
if alist[mid]==item:
found=True

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print("element found in position",mid)
else:
if item last=mid-1
EX. No. : 5(b)
Date:

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BINARY SEARCH

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else:

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first=mid+mid-1
return found

a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))

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for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
bsearch(a,x)

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Output:
enter upper limit 6
enter the elements 2
enter the elements 3

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enter the elements 5
enter the elements 7
enter the elements 14
enter the elements 25
enter element to search 5

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element found in position 2


Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output

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is verified

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Aim:

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To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named selectionsort
2. Initialise pos=0
3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,

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4. Set pos=location
5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]
6. Print the sorted list
Program:
def selectionSort(alist):

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for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):
pos=0
for location in range(1,i+1):
if alist[location]>alist[pos]:
pos= location

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temp = alist[i]
alist[i] = alist[pos]
alist[pos] = temp

alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]

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selectionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(a)
Date:

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SELECTION SORT

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Output:

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[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform selection sort is successfully executed and the
output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 21 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform insertion sort.

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Algorithm:
1. Create a function named insertionsort
2. Initialise currentvalue=alist[index] and position=index
3. while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue, perform the following till len(alist)
4. alist[position]=alist[position-1]

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5. position = position-1
6. alist[position]=currentvalue
7. Print the sorted list

Program:

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def insertionSort(alist):
for index in range(1,len(alist)):
currentvalue = alist[index]
position = index
while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:

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alist[position]=alist[position-1]
position = position-1
alist[position]=currentvalue
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
insertionSort(alist)

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print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(b)
Date:

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INSERTION SORT


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 22 of 42
Output:

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[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform insertion sort is successfully executed and the output

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is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 23 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python Program to perform Merge sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named mergesort
2. Find the mid of the list
3. Assign lefthalf = alist[:mid] and righthalf = alist[mid:]

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4. Initialise i=j=k=0
5. while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf), perform the following
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i

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else
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k
6. while i < len(lefthalf),perform the following

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alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i
Increment k
7. while j < len(righthalf), perform the following
alist[k]=righthalf[j]

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Increment j
Increment k
8. Print the sorted list

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Ex. No. : 7
Date:

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MERGE SORT


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 24 of 42

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Program:
def mergeSort(alist):
# print("Splitting ",alist)
if len(alist)>1:
mid = len(alist)//2

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lefthalf = alist[:mid]
righthalf = alist[mid:]
mergeSort(lefthalf)
mergeSort(righthalf)
i=j=k=0

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while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf):
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
else:

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alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1
k=k+1
while i < len(lefthalf):
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]

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i=i+1
k=k+1
while j < len(righthalf):
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1

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k=k+1
#print("Merging ",alist)
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
mergeSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform merge sort is successfully executed and the output is
verifie

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 26 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to find first n prime numbers.

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Algorithm:
1. Read the value of n
2. for num in range(0,n + 1), perform the following
3. if num%i is 0 then break

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else print the value of num
4. Repeat step 3 for i in range(2,num)

Program:

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n = int(input("Enter the upper limit: "))

print("Prime numbers are")

for num in range(0,n + 1):

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# prime numbers are greater than 1
if num > 1:
for i in range(2,num):
if (num % i) == 0:
break

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else:
print(num)

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Ex. No. : 8
Date:

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FIRST N PRIME NUMBERS


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Output:

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Enter the upper limit:100
Prime numbers are
2
3
5

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7
11
13
17
19

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23
29
31
37
41

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43
47
53
59
61

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67
71
73
79
83

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89
97

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to find the first n prime numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 28 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to multiply matrices.

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Algorithm:
1. Define two matrices X and Y
2. Create a resultant matrix named ?result ?
3. for i in range(len(X)):
i. for j in range(len(Y[0])):

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a) for k in range(len(Y))
b) result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
4. for r in result, print the value of r

Program:

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X = [[12,7,3],
[4 ,5,6],
[7 ,8,9]]
Y = [[5,8,1,2],

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[6,7,3,0],
[4,5,9,1]]
result = [[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0]]

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for i in range(len(X)):
for j in range(len(Y[0])):
for k in range(len(Y)):
result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
for r in result:

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print(r)

Ex. No. : 9
Date:

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MATRIX MULTIPLICATION


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Output:

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[114, 160, 60, 27]
[74, 97, 73, 14]
[119, 157, 112, 23]

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Result:

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Thus the Python program to multiply matrices is executed successfully and the output is
verified.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

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?

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


I SEMESTER - R 2017

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GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________

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Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

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VISION
MISSION

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE

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To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice

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this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that

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will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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FirstRanker Page 4 of 42

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES



a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

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Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution

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e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable

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h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)

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SYLLABUS



To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.

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To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers

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5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices

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10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.

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Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1

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Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09

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3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers

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13
5(a)
Linear search
15
5(b)

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Binary search
17
6(a)
Selection sort
19

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6(b)
Insertion sort
21
7
Merge sort

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23
8
First n prime numbers
26
9

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Multiply matrices
28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30

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11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame

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34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i

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4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:

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smaller = y
else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):

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gcd = i

return gcd

num1 = 54

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num2 = 24

# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

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print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01

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Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :


The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:

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Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 9 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)

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3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

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Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)

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while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

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print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02
Date:

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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Output:

The square root is 9

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Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s

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Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.


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Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base
ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))

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4. Print the result

Program:
def power(base,exp):
if(exp==1):

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return(base)
if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))

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print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

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Output:
Enter base: 7
Enter exponential value: 2

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Result:49

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Aim:

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To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n
3. Read the elements of the list until n

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4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

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Program:
l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
a=int(input("enter the numbers"))

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l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:
maxno=l[i]

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print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :
04

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Date:

FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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Output:
Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6
Enter the numbers 9
Enter the numbers 90

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The maximum number is 90

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Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 15 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search
Algorithm:
1. Read n elements into the list

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2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list
Program:
def search(alist,item):

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pos=0
found=False
stop=False
while pos if alist[pos]==item:
found=True

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print("element found in position",pos)
else:
if alist[pos]>item:
stop=True
else:

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pos=pos+1
return found
a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):

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e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
search(a,x)
Ex. No. : 5(a)

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Date:

LINEAR SEARCH

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Output:
Enter upper limit 5
Enter the elements 6
Enter the elements 45

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Enter the elements 2
Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26
Enter element to search 6
Element found in position 1

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output
is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform binary search.
Algorithm:
1. Read the search element
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list

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3. Compare the search element with the middle element
i. if both are matching, print element found
ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element
4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
left sublist of the middle element

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5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
right sublist of the middle element
6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list
7. If element is not found, loop terminates

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Program:
def bsearch(alist,item):
first=0
last=len(alist)-1
found=False

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while first<=last and not found:
mid=(first+last)//2
if alist[mid]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",mid)

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else:
if item last=mid-1
EX. No. : 5(b)
Date:

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BINARY SEARCH

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else:
first=mid+mid-1

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return found

a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):

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e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
bsearch(a,x)

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Output:
enter upper limit 6
enter the elements 2
enter the elements 3
enter the elements 5

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enter the elements 7
enter the elements 14
enter the elements 25
enter element to search 5
element found in position 2

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output
is verified

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.

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Algorithm:
1. Create a function named selectionsort
2. Initialise pos=0
3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,
4. Set pos=location

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5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]
6. Print the sorted list
Program:
def selectionSort(alist):
for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):

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pos=0
for location in range(1,i+1):
if alist[location]>alist[pos]:
pos= location
temp = alist[i]

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alist[i] = alist[pos]
alist[pos] = temp

alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
selectionSort(alist)

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print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(a)
Date:

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SELECTION SORT

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Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform selection sort is successfully executed and the
output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 21 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform insertion sort.
Algorithm:

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1. Create a function named insertionsort
2. Initialise currentvalue=alist[index] and position=index
3. while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue, perform the following till len(alist)
4. alist[position]=alist[position-1]
5. position = position-1

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6. alist[position]=currentvalue
7. Print the sorted list

Program:
def insertionSort(alist):

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for index in range(1,len(alist)):
currentvalue = alist[index]
position = index
while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:
alist[position]=alist[position-1]

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position = position-1
alist[position]=currentvalue
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
insertionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(b)
Date:

INSERTION SORT

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 22 of 42
Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform insertion sort is successfully executed and the output
is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 23 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Merge sort.

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Algorithm:
1. Create a function named mergesort
2. Find the mid of the list
3. Assign lefthalf = alist[:mid] and righthalf = alist[mid:]
4. Initialise i=j=k=0

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5. while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf), perform the following
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i
else

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alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k
6. while i < len(lefthalf),perform the following
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]

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Increment i
Increment k
7. while j < len(righthalf), perform the following
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j

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Increment k
8. Print the sorted list

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Ex. No. : 7
Date:

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MERGE SORT


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 24 of 42
Program:

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def mergeSort(alist):
# print("Splitting ",alist)
if len(alist)>1:
mid = len(alist)//2
lefthalf = alist[:mid]

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righthalf = alist[mid:]
mergeSort(lefthalf)
mergeSort(righthalf)
i=j=k=0
while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf):

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if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
else:
alist[k]=righthalf[j]

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j=j+1
k=k+1
while i < len(lefthalf):
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1

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k=k+1
while j < len(righthalf):
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1
k=k+1

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#print("Merging ",alist)
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
mergeSort(alist)
print(alist)

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 25 of 42
Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform merge sort is successfully executed and the output is
verifie

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 26 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to find first n prime numbers.

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Algorithm:
1. Read the value of n
2. for num in range(0,n + 1), perform the following
3. if num%i is 0 then break
else print the value of num

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4. Repeat step 3 for i in range(2,num)

Program:

n = int(input("Enter the upper limit: "))

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print("Prime numbers are")

for num in range(0,n + 1):
# prime numbers are greater than 1

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if num > 1:
for i in range(2,num):
if (num % i) == 0:
break
else:

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print(num)

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Ex. No. : 8
Date:

FIRST N PRIME NUMBERS

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 27 of 42
Output:
Enter the upper limit:100

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Prime numbers are
2
3
5
7

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11
13
17
19
23

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29
31
37
41
43

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47
53
59
61
67

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71
73
79
83
89

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97

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to find the first n prime numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 28 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to multiply matrices.
Algorithm:

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1. Define two matrices X and Y
2. Create a resultant matrix named ?result ?
3. for i in range(len(X)):
i. for j in range(len(Y[0])):
a) for k in range(len(Y))

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b) result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
4. for r in result, print the value of r

Program:

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X = [[12,7,3],
[4 ,5,6],
[7 ,8,9]]
Y = [[5,8,1,2],
[6,7,3,0],

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[4,5,9,1]]
result = [[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0]]
for i in range(len(X)):

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for j in range(len(Y[0])):
for k in range(len(Y)):
result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
for r in result:
print(r)

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Ex. No. : 9
Date:

MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 29 of 42
Output:

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[114, 160, 60, 27]
[74, 97, 73, 14]
[119, 157, 112, 23]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to multiply matrices is executed successfully and the output is

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verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 30 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python program for command line arguments.
Algorithm:
1. Add arguments to find the words and lines
2. Add the filename as argument
3. Parse the arguments to get the values

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4. Format and print the words and lines

Program:
parser=argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--words','-w',action='store_true')

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parser.add_argument('--lines','-l',action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('filename')
args=parser.parse_args()
if args.words:
print("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))

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elif args.lines:
print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))
else:
print ("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))
print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))

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Ex. No. :10
Date:

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COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS(WORD COUNT)
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

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?

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


I SEMESTER - R 2017

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GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________

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Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

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VISION
MISSION

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE

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To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice

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this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that

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will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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FirstRanker Page 4 of 42

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES



a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

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Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution

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e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable

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h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)

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SYLLABUS



To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.

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To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers

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5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices

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10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.

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Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1

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Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09

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3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers

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13
5(a)
Linear search
15
5(b)

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Binary search
17
6(a)
Selection sort
19

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6(b)
Insertion sort
21
7
Merge sort

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23
8
First n prime numbers
26
9

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Multiply matrices
28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30

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11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame

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34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i

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4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:

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smaller = y
else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):

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gcd = i

return gcd

num1 = 54

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num2 = 24

# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

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print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01

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Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :


The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:

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Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 9 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)

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3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

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Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)

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while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

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print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02
Date:

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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Output:

The square root is 9

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Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s

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Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.


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Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base
ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))

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4. Print the result

Program:
def power(base,exp):
if(exp==1):

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return(base)
if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))

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print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

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Output:
Enter base: 7
Enter exponential value: 2

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Result:49

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Aim:

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To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n
3. Read the elements of the list until n

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4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

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Program:
l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
a=int(input("enter the numbers"))

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l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:
maxno=l[i]

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print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :
04

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Date:

FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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Output:
Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6
Enter the numbers 9
Enter the numbers 90

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The maximum number is 90

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Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 15 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search
Algorithm:
1. Read n elements into the list

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2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list
Program:
def search(alist,item):

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pos=0
found=False
stop=False
while pos if alist[pos]==item:
found=True

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print("element found in position",pos)
else:
if alist[pos]>item:
stop=True
else:

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pos=pos+1
return found
a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):

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e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
search(a,x)
Ex. No. : 5(a)

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Date:

LINEAR SEARCH

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Output:
Enter upper limit 5
Enter the elements 6
Enter the elements 45

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Enter the elements 2
Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26
Enter element to search 6
Element found in position 1

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output
is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform binary search.
Algorithm:
1. Read the search element
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list

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3. Compare the search element with the middle element
i. if both are matching, print element found
ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element
4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
left sublist of the middle element

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5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
right sublist of the middle element
6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list
7. If element is not found, loop terminates

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Program:
def bsearch(alist,item):
first=0
last=len(alist)-1
found=False

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while first<=last and not found:
mid=(first+last)//2
if alist[mid]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",mid)

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else:
if item last=mid-1
EX. No. : 5(b)
Date:

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BINARY SEARCH

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else:
first=mid+mid-1

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return found

a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):

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e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
bsearch(a,x)

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Output:
enter upper limit 6
enter the elements 2
enter the elements 3
enter the elements 5

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enter the elements 7
enter the elements 14
enter the elements 25
enter element to search 5
element found in position 2

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output
is verified

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.

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Algorithm:
1. Create a function named selectionsort
2. Initialise pos=0
3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,
4. Set pos=location

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5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]
6. Print the sorted list
Program:
def selectionSort(alist):
for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):

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pos=0
for location in range(1,i+1):
if alist[location]>alist[pos]:
pos= location
temp = alist[i]

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alist[i] = alist[pos]
alist[pos] = temp

alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
selectionSort(alist)

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print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(a)
Date:

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SELECTION SORT

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Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform selection sort is successfully executed and the
output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 21 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform insertion sort.
Algorithm:

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1. Create a function named insertionsort
2. Initialise currentvalue=alist[index] and position=index
3. while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue, perform the following till len(alist)
4. alist[position]=alist[position-1]
5. position = position-1

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6. alist[position]=currentvalue
7. Print the sorted list

Program:
def insertionSort(alist):

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for index in range(1,len(alist)):
currentvalue = alist[index]
position = index
while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:
alist[position]=alist[position-1]

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position = position-1
alist[position]=currentvalue
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
insertionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(b)
Date:

INSERTION SORT

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 22 of 42
Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform insertion sort is successfully executed and the output
is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 23 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Merge sort.

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Algorithm:
1. Create a function named mergesort
2. Find the mid of the list
3. Assign lefthalf = alist[:mid] and righthalf = alist[mid:]
4. Initialise i=j=k=0

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5. while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf), perform the following
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i
else

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alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k
6. while i < len(lefthalf),perform the following
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]

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Increment i
Increment k
7. while j < len(righthalf), perform the following
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j

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Increment k
8. Print the sorted list

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Ex. No. : 7
Date:

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MERGE SORT


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 24 of 42
Program:

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def mergeSort(alist):
# print("Splitting ",alist)
if len(alist)>1:
mid = len(alist)//2
lefthalf = alist[:mid]

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righthalf = alist[mid:]
mergeSort(lefthalf)
mergeSort(righthalf)
i=j=k=0
while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf):

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if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
else:
alist[k]=righthalf[j]

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j=j+1
k=k+1
while i < len(lefthalf):
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1

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k=k+1
while j < len(righthalf):
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1
k=k+1

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#print("Merging ",alist)
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
mergeSort(alist)
print(alist)

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 25 of 42
Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform merge sort is successfully executed and the output is
verifie

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 26 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to find first n prime numbers.

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Algorithm:
1. Read the value of n
2. for num in range(0,n + 1), perform the following
3. if num%i is 0 then break
else print the value of num

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4. Repeat step 3 for i in range(2,num)

Program:

n = int(input("Enter the upper limit: "))

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print("Prime numbers are")

for num in range(0,n + 1):
# prime numbers are greater than 1

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if num > 1:
for i in range(2,num):
if (num % i) == 0:
break
else:

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print(num)

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Ex. No. : 8
Date:

FIRST N PRIME NUMBERS

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 27 of 42
Output:
Enter the upper limit:100

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Prime numbers are
2
3
5
7

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11
13
17
19
23

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29
31
37
41
43

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47
53
59
61
67

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71
73
79
83
89

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97

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to find the first n prime numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 28 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to multiply matrices.
Algorithm:

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1. Define two matrices X and Y
2. Create a resultant matrix named ?result ?
3. for i in range(len(X)):
i. for j in range(len(Y[0])):
a) for k in range(len(Y))

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b) result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
4. for r in result, print the value of r

Program:

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X = [[12,7,3],
[4 ,5,6],
[7 ,8,9]]
Y = [[5,8,1,2],
[6,7,3,0],

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[4,5,9,1]]
result = [[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0]]
for i in range(len(X)):

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for j in range(len(Y[0])):
for k in range(len(Y)):
result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
for r in result:
print(r)

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Ex. No. : 9
Date:

MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 29 of 42
Output:

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[114, 160, 60, 27]
[74, 97, 73, 14]
[119, 157, 112, 23]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to multiply matrices is executed successfully and the output is

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verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 30 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python program for command line arguments.
Algorithm:
1. Add arguments to find the words and lines
2. Add the filename as argument
3. Parse the arguments to get the values

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4. Format and print the words and lines

Program:
parser=argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--words','-w',action='store_true')

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parser.add_argument('--lines','-l',action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('filename')
args=parser.parse_args()
if args.words:
print("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))

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elif args.lines:
print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))
else:
print ("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))
print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))

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Ex. No. :10
Date:

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COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS(WORD COUNT)

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Output:

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python main.py ?i input.txt
words 23
lines 1

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Result:
Thus the Python program for command line arguments is executed successfully and the output is

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verified.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

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?



DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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I SEMESTER - R 2017

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING

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LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________

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Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

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? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

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VISION
MISSION

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS

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To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to

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identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to

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design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable

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them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer

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Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field

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b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT

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tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to

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convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

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To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.

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Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search

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6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)

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11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.

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Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.

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07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09
3

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Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13

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5(a)
Linear search
15
5(b)
Binary search

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17
6(a)
Selection sort
19
6(b)

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Insertion sort
21
7
Merge sort
23

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8
First n prime numbers
26
9
Multiply matrices

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28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30
11

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Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34

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13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd

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Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:
smaller = y

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else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

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return gcd

num1 = 54
num2 = 24

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# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

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print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01
Date:

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GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :

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The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and

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the output is verified.

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Aim:

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To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,

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i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

Program:

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def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:

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approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02

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Date:

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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Output:

The square root is 9

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Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.

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Aim:

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To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

Algorithm:

1. Define a function named power()

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2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base
ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

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Program:
def power(base,exp):
if(exp==1):
return(base)

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if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

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Output:
Enter base: 7
Enter exponential value: 2
Result:49

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.

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Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n
3. Read the elements of the list until n
4. Assign l[0] as maxno

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5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

Program:

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l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
a=int(input("enter the numbers"))
l.append(a)

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maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:
maxno=l[i]
print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :
04
Date:

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FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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Output:

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Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6
Enter the numbers 9
Enter the numbers 90
The maximum number is 90

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Result:

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Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 15 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search
Algorithm:
1. Read n elements into the list
2. Read the element to be searched

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3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list
Program:
def search(alist,item):
pos=0

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found=False
stop=False
while pos if alist[pos]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",pos)

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else:
if alist[pos]>item:
stop=True
else:
pos=pos+1

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return found
a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))

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a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
search(a,x)
Ex. No. : 5(a)
Date:

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LINEAR SEARCH

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Output:
Enter upper limit 5
Enter the elements 6
Enter the elements 45
Enter the elements 2

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Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26
Enter element to search 6
Element found in position 1

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output
is verified.

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Aim:

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To write a Python Program to perform binary search.
Algorithm:
1. Read the search element
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare the search element with the middle element

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i. if both are matching, print element found
ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element
4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
left sublist of the middle element
5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the

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right sublist of the middle element
6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list
7. If element is not found, loop terminates

Program:

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def bsearch(alist,item):
first=0
last=len(alist)-1
found=False
while first<=last and not found:

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mid=(first+last)//2
if alist[mid]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",mid)
else:

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if item last=mid-1
EX. No. : 5(b)
Date:

BINARY SEARCH

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else:
first=mid+mid-1
return found

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a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))

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a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
bsearch(a,x)

Output:

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enter upper limit 6
enter the elements 2
enter the elements 3
enter the elements 5
enter the elements 7

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enter the elements 14
enter the elements 25
enter element to search 5
element found in position 2

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output
is verified

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FirstRanker Page 19 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.
Algorithm:

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1. Create a function named selectionsort
2. Initialise pos=0
3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,
4. Set pos=location
5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]

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6. Print the sorted list
Program:
def selectionSort(alist):
for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):
pos=0

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for location in range(1,i+1):
if alist[location]>alist[pos]:
pos= location
temp = alist[i]
alist[i] = alist[pos]

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alist[pos] = temp

alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
selectionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(a)
Date:

SELECTION SORT

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Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform selection sort is successfully executed and the
output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 21 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform insertion sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named insertionsort

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2. Initialise currentvalue=alist[index] and position=index
3. while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue, perform the following till len(alist)
4. alist[position]=alist[position-1]
5. position = position-1
6. alist[position]=currentvalue

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7. Print the sorted list

Program:
def insertionSort(alist):
for index in range(1,len(alist)):

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currentvalue = alist[index]
position = index
while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:
alist[position]=alist[position-1]
position = position-1

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alist[position]=currentvalue
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
insertionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(b)
Date:

INSERTION SORT

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 22 of 42
Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform insertion sort is successfully executed and the output
is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 23 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Merge sort.
Algorithm:

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1. Create a function named mergesort
2. Find the mid of the list
3. Assign lefthalf = alist[:mid] and righthalf = alist[mid:]
4. Initialise i=j=k=0
5. while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf), perform the following

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if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i
else
alist[k]=righthalf[j]

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Increment j
Increment k
6. while i < len(lefthalf),perform the following
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i

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Increment k
7. while j < len(righthalf), perform the following
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k

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8. Print the sorted list

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Ex. No. : 7
Date:

MERGE SORT

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 24 of 42
Program:
def mergeSort(alist):

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# print("Splitting ",alist)
if len(alist)>1:
mid = len(alist)//2
lefthalf = alist[:mid]
righthalf = alist[mid:]

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mergeSort(lefthalf)
mergeSort(righthalf)
i=j=k=0
while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf):
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:

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alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
else:
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1

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k=k+1
while i < len(lefthalf):
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
k=k+1

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while j < len(righthalf):
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1
k=k+1
#print("Merging ",alist)

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alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
mergeSort(alist)
print(alist)

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 25 of 42
Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform merge sort is successfully executed and the output is
verifie

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 26 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find first n prime numbers.

Algorithm:

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1. Read the value of n
2. for num in range(0,n + 1), perform the following
3. if num%i is 0 then break
else print the value of num
4. Repeat step 3 for i in range(2,num)

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Program:

n = int(input("Enter the upper limit: "))

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print("Prime numbers are")

for num in range(0,n + 1):
# prime numbers are greater than 1
if num > 1:

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for i in range(2,num):
if (num % i) == 0:
break
else:
print(num)

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Ex. No. : 8
Date:

FIRST N PRIME NUMBERS

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 27 of 42
Output:
Enter the upper limit:100
Prime numbers are

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2
3
5
7
11

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13
17
19
23
29

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31
37
41
43
47

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53
59
61
67
71

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73
79
83
89
97

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to find the first n prime numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 28 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program to multiply matrices.
Algorithm:
1. Define two matrices X and Y

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2. Create a resultant matrix named ?result ?
3. for i in range(len(X)):
i. for j in range(len(Y[0])):
a) for k in range(len(Y))
b) result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]

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4. for r in result, print the value of r

Program:

X = [[12,7,3],

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[4 ,5,6],
[7 ,8,9]]
Y = [[5,8,1,2],
[6,7,3,0],
[4,5,9,1]]

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result = [[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0]]
for i in range(len(X)):
for j in range(len(Y[0])):

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for k in range(len(Y)):
result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
for r in result:
print(r)

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Ex. No. : 9
Date:

MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

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Output:

[114, 160, 60, 27]

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[74, 97, 73, 14]
[119, 157, 112, 23]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to multiply matrices is executed successfully and the output is
verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 30 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program for command line arguments.

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Algorithm:
1. Add arguments to find the words and lines
2. Add the filename as argument
3. Parse the arguments to get the values
4. Format and print the words and lines

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Program:
parser=argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--words','-w',action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('--lines','-l',action='store_true')

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parser.add_argument('filename')
args=parser.parse_args()
if args.words:
print("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))
elif args.lines:

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print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))
else:
print ("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))
print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))

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Ex. No. :10
Date:

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COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS(WORD COUNT)

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Output:

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python main.py ?i input.txt
words 23
lines 1

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Result:
Thus the Python program for command line arguments is executed successfully and the output is
verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 32 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to find the most frequent words in a text read from a file.

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Algorithm:
1. Read the filename
2. Open the file in read mode
3. Read each line from the file to count the lowers and words
4. Read each line from the file to replace the punctuations

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5. Split each line into words and count them
6. Print the words and counts

Program:
def main():

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filename=raw_input("enter the file").strip()
infile=open(filename,"r")
wordcounts={}
for line in infile:
processLine(line.lower(),wordcounts)

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pairs=list(wordcounts.items())
items=[[x,y] for (y,x) in pairs]
items.sort()
for i in range(len(items)-1,len(items)-11,-1):
print(items[i][1]+"\t"+str(items[i][0]))

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def processLine(line,wordcounts):
line=replacePunctuations(line)
words=line.split()
for word in words:
if word in wordcounts:

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wordcounts[word]+=1
else:
wordcounts[word]=1
def replacePunctuations(line):
for ch in line:

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if ch in "~@#$%^&*()_-+=<>?/.,:;!{}[]''":
line=line.replace(ch," ")
return line
main()

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Ex. No. : 11
Date:

FINDING MOST FREQUENT WORDS IN A TEXT READ FROM A FILE

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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?

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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I SEMESTER - R 2017

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING



is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and

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enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at

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different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

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VISION
MISSION

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and

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fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

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3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

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4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

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5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and

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pursuing advanced degrees

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the

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same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools

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f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms

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i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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FirstRanker Page 5 of 42

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

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To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.

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Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.

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2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort

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7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file

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12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.

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Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment

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Page
No.
1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07

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2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09
3
Exponentiation (power of a number)

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11
4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13
5(a)

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Linear search
15
5(b)
Binary search
17

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6(a)
Selection sort
19
6(b)
Insertion sort

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21
7
Merge sort
23
8

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First n prime numbers
26
9
Multiply matrices
28

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10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30
11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file

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32
12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34
13

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Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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Aim:

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To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

Algorithm:

1. Define a function named computeGCD()

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2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

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def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:
smaller = y
else:

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smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

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return gcd

num1 = 54
num2 = 24

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# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01
Date:

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GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :

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The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.

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Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better

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ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

Program:

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def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:
approx = better

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better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02
Date:

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SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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Output:

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The square root is 9

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Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

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Algorithm:

1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp

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3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base
ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

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Program:
def power(base,exp):
if(exp==1):
return(base)
if(exp!=1):

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return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03

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Date:

EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

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Output:
Enter base: 7
Enter exponential value: 2
Result:49

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:

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1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n
3. Read the elements of the list until n
4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]

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6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

Program:
l=[]

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n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
a=int(input("enter the numbers"))
l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]

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for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:
maxno=l[i]
print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :
04
Date:

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FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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Output:
Enter the upper limt 3

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Enter the numbers 6
Enter the numbers 9
Enter the numbers 90
The maximum number is 90

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Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully

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executed and the output is verified.

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Aim:

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To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search
Algorithm:
1. Read n elements into the list
2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item

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4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list
Program:
def search(alist,item):
pos=0
found=False

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stop=False
while pos if alist[pos]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",pos)
else:

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if alist[pos]>item:
stop=True
else:
pos=pos+1
return found

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a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)

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x=int(input("enter element to search"))
search(a,x)
Ex. No. : 5(a)
Date:

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LINEAR SEARCH

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Output:

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Enter upper limit 5
Enter the elements 6
Enter the elements 45
Enter the elements 2
Enter the elements 61

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Enter the elements 26
Enter element to search 6
Element found in position 1

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Result:

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Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output
is verified.

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FirstRanker Page 17 of 42


Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform binary search.

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Algorithm:
1. Read the search element
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare the search element with the middle element
i. if both are matching, print element found

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ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element
4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
left sublist of the middle element
5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
right sublist of the middle element

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6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list
7. If element is not found, loop terminates

Program:
def bsearch(alist,item):

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first=0
last=len(alist)-1
found=False
while first<=last and not found:
mid=(first+last)//2

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if alist[mid]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",mid)
else:
if item last=mid-1

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EX. No. : 5(b)
Date:

BINARY SEARCH

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else:
first=mid+mid-1
return found

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a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)

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x=int(input("enter element to search"))
bsearch(a,x)

Output:
enter upper limit 6

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enter the elements 2
enter the elements 3
enter the elements 5
enter the elements 7
enter the elements 14

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enter the elements 25
enter element to search 5
element found in position 2

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output
is verified

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named selectionsort

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2. Initialise pos=0
3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,
4. Set pos=location
5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]
6. Print the sorted list

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Program:
def selectionSort(alist):
for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):
pos=0
for location in range(1,i+1):

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if alist[location]>alist[pos]:
pos= location
temp = alist[i]
alist[i] = alist[pos]
alist[pos] = temp

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alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
selectionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(a)
Date:

SELECTION SORT

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Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:

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Thus the Python Program to perform selection sort is successfully executed and the
output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 21 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform insertion sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named insertionsort
2. Initialise currentvalue=alist[index] and position=index

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3. while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue, perform the following till len(alist)
4. alist[position]=alist[position-1]
5. position = position-1
6. alist[position]=currentvalue
7. Print the sorted list

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Program:
def insertionSort(alist):
for index in range(1,len(alist)):
currentvalue = alist[index]

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position = index
while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:
alist[position]=alist[position-1]
position = position-1
alist[position]=currentvalue

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alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
insertionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(b)

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Date:

INSERTION SORT

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 22 of 42
Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform insertion sort is successfully executed and the output
is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 23 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Merge sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named mergesort

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2. Find the mid of the list
3. Assign lefthalf = alist[:mid] and righthalf = alist[mid:]
4. Initialise i=j=k=0
5. while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf), perform the following
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:

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alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i
else
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j

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Increment k
6. while i < len(lefthalf),perform the following
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i
Increment k

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7. while j < len(righthalf), perform the following
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k
8. Print the sorted list

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Ex. No. : 7
Date:

MERGE SORT

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 24 of 42
Program:
def mergeSort(alist):
# print("Splitting ",alist)

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if len(alist)>1:
mid = len(alist)//2
lefthalf = alist[:mid]
righthalf = alist[mid:]
mergeSort(lefthalf)

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mergeSort(righthalf)
i=j=k=0
while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf):
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]

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i=i+1
else:
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1
k=k+1

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while i < len(lefthalf):
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
k=k+1
while j < len(righthalf):

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alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1
k=k+1
#print("Merging ",alist)
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]

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mergeSort(alist)
print(alist)


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Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:

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Thus the Python program to perform merge sort is successfully executed and the output is
verifie

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 26 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find first n prime numbers.

Algorithm:
1. Read the value of n

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2. for num in range(0,n + 1), perform the following
3. if num%i is 0 then break
else print the value of num
4. Repeat step 3 for i in range(2,num)

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Program:

n = int(input("Enter the upper limit: "))

print("Prime numbers are")

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for num in range(0,n + 1):
# prime numbers are greater than 1
if num > 1:
for i in range(2,num):

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if (num % i) == 0:
break
else:
print(num)

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Ex. No. : 8

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Date:

FIRST N PRIME NUMBERS

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 27 of 42
Output:
Enter the upper limit:100
Prime numbers are
2

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3
5
7
11
13

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17
19
23
29
31

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37
41
43
47
53

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59
61
67
71
73

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79
83
89
97

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Result:

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Thus the Python Program to find the first n prime numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 28 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program to multiply matrices.
Algorithm:
1. Define two matrices X and Y
2. Create a resultant matrix named ?result ?

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3. for i in range(len(X)):
i. for j in range(len(Y[0])):
a) for k in range(len(Y))
b) result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
4. for r in result, print the value of r

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Program:

X = [[12,7,3],
[4 ,5,6],

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[7 ,8,9]]
Y = [[5,8,1,2],
[6,7,3,0],
[4,5,9,1]]
result = [[0,0,0,0],

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[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0]]
for i in range(len(X)):
for j in range(len(Y[0])):
for k in range(len(Y)):

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result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
for r in result:
print(r)

Ex. No. : 9

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Date:

MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 29 of 42
Output:

[114, 160, 60, 27]
[74, 97, 73, 14]

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[119, 157, 112, 23]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to multiply matrices is executed successfully and the output is
verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 30 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program for command line arguments.
Algorithm:

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1. Add arguments to find the words and lines
2. Add the filename as argument
3. Parse the arguments to get the values
4. Format and print the words and lines

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Program:
parser=argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--words','-w',action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('--lines','-l',action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('filename')

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args=parser.parse_args()
if args.words:
print("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))
elif args.lines:
print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))

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else:
print ("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))
print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))

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Ex. No. :10
Date:

COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS(WORD COUNT)

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 31 of 42
Output:

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python main.py ?i input.txt
words 23
lines 1

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Result:
Thus the Python program for command line arguments is executed successfully and the output is
verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 32 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to find the most frequent words in a text read from a file.
Algorithm:

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1. Read the filename
2. Open the file in read mode
3. Read each line from the file to count the lowers and words
4. Read each line from the file to replace the punctuations
5. Split each line into words and count them

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6. Print the words and counts

Program:
def main():
filename=raw_input("enter the file").strip()

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infile=open(filename,"r")
wordcounts={}
for line in infile:
processLine(line.lower(),wordcounts)
pairs=list(wordcounts.items())

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items=[[x,y] for (y,x) in pairs]
items.sort()
for i in range(len(items)-1,len(items)-11,-1):
print(items[i][1]+"\t"+str(items[i][0]))
def processLine(line,wordcounts):

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line=replacePunctuations(line)
words=line.split()
for word in words:
if word in wordcounts:
wordcounts[word]+=1

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else:
wordcounts[word]=1
def replacePunctuations(line):
for ch in line:
if ch in "~@#$%^&*()_-+=<>?/.,:;!{}[]''":

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line=line.replace(ch," ")
return line
main()

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Ex. No. : 11
Date:

FINDING MOST FREQUENT WORDS IN A TEXT READ FROM A FILE

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 33 of 42
Output:


Enter a filename:a.txt

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Hi 1
How 1
Are 1

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You 1

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the most frequent words in a text read from a file is
executed successfully and the output is verified.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

?

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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I SEMESTER - R 2017

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education

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and training.

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels

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? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

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VISION
MISSION

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

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2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

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3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

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4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

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5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career

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c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society

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g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with

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coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING

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LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

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To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.

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Read and write data from/to files in Python.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)

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3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort

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8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame

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13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.

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Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING

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LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page

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No.
1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2

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Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09
3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11

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4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13
5(a)
Linear search

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15
5(b)
Binary search
17
6(a)

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Selection sort
19
6(b)
Insertion sort
21

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7
Merge sort
23
8
First n prime numbers

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26
9
Multiply matrices
28
10

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Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30
11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32

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12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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37

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

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Algorithm:

1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y

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3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

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def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:
smaller = y
else:
smaller = x

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for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

return gcd

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num1 = 54
num2 = 24

# take input from the user

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# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01
Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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FirstRanker Page 8 of 42
Sample output :

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The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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FirstRanker Page 9 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)

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4. Print the value of approx

Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):

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approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)

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return approx

print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02
Date:

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SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

FirstRanker Page 10 of 42
Output:

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The square root is 9

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Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.

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FirstRanker Page 11 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Algorithm:

1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not

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i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base
ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

Program:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

def power(base,exp):
if(exp==1):
return(base)
if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))

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base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

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EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

FirstRanker Page 12 of 42
Output:

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Enter base: 7
Enter exponential value: 2
Result:49

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Result:

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Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 13 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l

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2. Read the value of n
3. Read the elements of the list until n
4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1

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7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

Program:
l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))

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for i in range(0,n):
a=int(input("enter the numbers"))
l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):

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if l[i]>maxno:
maxno=l[i]
print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :
04
Date:

FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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FirstRanker Page 14 of 42
Output:
Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6

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Enter the numbers 9
Enter the numbers 90
The maximum number is 90

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Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

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FirstRanker Page 15 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search

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Algorithm:
1. Read n elements into the list
2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list

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Program:
def search(alist,item):
pos=0
found=False
stop=False

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while pos if alist[pos]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",pos)
else:
if alist[pos]>item:

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stop=True
else:
pos=pos+1
return found
a=[]

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n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))

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search(a,x)
Ex. No. : 5(a)
Date:

LINEAR SEARCH

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FirstRanker Page 16 of 42

Output:
Enter upper limit 5

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Enter the elements 6
Enter the elements 45
Enter the elements 2
Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26

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Enter element to search 6
Element found in position 1

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output

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is verified.



FirstRanker Page 17 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform binary search.
Algorithm:

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1. Read the search element
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare the search element with the middle element
i. if both are matching, print element found
ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element

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4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
left sublist of the middle element
5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
right sublist of the middle element
6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list

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7. If element is not found, loop terminates

Program:
def bsearch(alist,item):
first=0

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last=len(alist)-1
found=False
while first<=last and not found:
mid=(first+last)//2
if alist[mid]==item:

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found=True
print("element found in position",mid)
else:
if item last=mid-1
EX. No. : 5(b)

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Date:

BINARY SEARCH

FirstRanker Page 18 of 42

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else:
first=mid+mid-1
return found

a=[]

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n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))

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bsearch(a,x)

Output:
enter upper limit 6
enter the elements 2

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enter the elements 3
enter the elements 5
enter the elements 7
enter the elements 14
enter the elements 25

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enter element to search 5
element found in position 2


Result:

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Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output
is verified

FirstRanker Page 19 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named selectionsort
2. Initialise pos=0

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3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,
4. Set pos=location
5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]
6. Print the sorted list
Program:

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def selectionSort(alist):
for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):
pos=0
for location in range(1,i+1):
if alist[location]>alist[pos]:

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pos= location
temp = alist[i]
alist[i] = alist[pos]
alist[pos] = temp

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alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
selectionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(a)

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Date:

SELECTION SORT

FirstRanker Page 20 of 42

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Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform selection sort is successfully executed and the

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output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 21 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python Program to perform insertion sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named insertionsort
2. Initialise currentvalue=alist[index] and position=index
3. while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue, perform the following till len(alist)

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4. alist[position]=alist[position-1]
5. position = position-1
6. alist[position]=currentvalue
7. Print the sorted list

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Program:
def insertionSort(alist):
for index in range(1,len(alist)):
currentvalue = alist[index]
position = index

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while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:
alist[position]=alist[position-1]
position = position-1
alist[position]=currentvalue
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]

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insertionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(b)
Date:

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INSERTION SORT


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 22 of 42

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Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:

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Thus the Python program to perform insertion sort is successfully executed and the output
is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 23 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Merge sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named mergesort
2. Find the mid of the list

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3. Assign lefthalf = alist[:mid] and righthalf = alist[mid:]
4. Initialise i=j=k=0
5. while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf), perform the following
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]

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Increment i
else
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k

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6. while i < len(lefthalf),perform the following
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i
Increment k
7. while j < len(righthalf), perform the following

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alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k
8. Print the sorted list

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Ex. No. : 7

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Date:

MERGE SORT

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 24 of 42
Program:
def mergeSort(alist):
# print("Splitting ",alist)
if len(alist)>1:

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mid = len(alist)//2
lefthalf = alist[:mid]
righthalf = alist[mid:]
mergeSort(lefthalf)
mergeSort(righthalf)

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i=j=k=0
while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf):
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1

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else:
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1
k=k+1
while i < len(lefthalf):

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alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
k=k+1
while j < len(righthalf):
alist[k]=righthalf[j]

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j=j+1
k=k+1
#print("Merging ",alist)
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
mergeSort(alist)

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print(alist)


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 25 of 42
Output:

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[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform merge sort is successfully executed and the output is

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verifie

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 26 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python program to find first n prime numbers.

Algorithm:
1. Read the value of n
2. for num in range(0,n + 1), perform the following

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3. if num%i is 0 then break
else print the value of num
4. Repeat step 3 for i in range(2,num)

Program:

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n = int(input("Enter the upper limit: "))

print("Prime numbers are")

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for num in range(0,n + 1):
# prime numbers are greater than 1
if num > 1:
for i in range(2,num):
if (num % i) == 0:

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break
else:
print(num)

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Ex. No. : 8
Date:

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FIRST N PRIME NUMBERS


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 27 of 42

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Output:
Enter the upper limit:100
Prime numbers are
2
3

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5
7
11
13
17

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19
23
29
31
37

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41
43
47
53
59

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61
67
71
73
79

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83
89
97

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to find the first n prime numbers is executed successfully and

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the output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 28 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python program to multiply matrices.
Algorithm:
1. Define two matrices X and Y
2. Create a resultant matrix named ?result ?
3. for i in range(len(X)):

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i. for j in range(len(Y[0])):
a) for k in range(len(Y))
b) result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
4. for r in result, print the value of r

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Program:

X = [[12,7,3],
[4 ,5,6],
[7 ,8,9]]

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Y = [[5,8,1,2],
[6,7,3,0],
[4,5,9,1]]
result = [[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0],

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[0,0,0,0]]
for i in range(len(X)):
for j in range(len(Y[0])):
for k in range(len(Y)):
result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]

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for r in result:
print(r)

Ex. No. : 9
Date:

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MATRIX MULTIPLICATION


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 29 of 42

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Output:

[114, 160, 60, 27]
[74, 97, 73, 14]
[119, 157, 112, 23]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to multiply matrices is executed successfully and the output is
verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 30 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program for command line arguments.
Algorithm:
1. Add arguments to find the words and lines

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2. Add the filename as argument
3. Parse the arguments to get the values
4. Format and print the words and lines

Program:

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parser=argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--words','-w',action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('--lines','-l',action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('filename')
args=parser.parse_args()

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if args.words:
print("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))
elif args.lines:
print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))
else:

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print ("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))
print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))

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Ex. No. :10
Date:

COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS(WORD COUNT)

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 31 of 42
Output:


python main.py ?i input.txt

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words 23
lines 1

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Result:
Thus the Python program for command line arguments is executed successfully and the output is
verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 32 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find the most frequent words in a text read from a file.
Algorithm:
1. Read the filename

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2. Open the file in read mode
3. Read each line from the file to count the lowers and words
4. Read each line from the file to replace the punctuations
5. Split each line into words and count them
6. Print the words and counts

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Program:
def main():
filename=raw_input("enter the file").strip()
infile=open(filename,"r")

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wordcounts={}
for line in infile:
processLine(line.lower(),wordcounts)
pairs=list(wordcounts.items())
items=[[x,y] for (y,x) in pairs]

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items.sort()
for i in range(len(items)-1,len(items)-11,-1):
print(items[i][1]+"\t"+str(items[i][0]))
def processLine(line,wordcounts):
line=replacePunctuations(line)

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words=line.split()
for word in words:
if word in wordcounts:
wordcounts[word]+=1
else:

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wordcounts[word]=1
def replacePunctuations(line):
for ch in line:
if ch in "~@#$%^&*()_-+=<>?/.,:;!{}[]''":
line=line.replace(ch," ")

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return line
main()


Ex. No. : 11

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Date:

FINDING MOST FREQUENT WORDS IN A TEXT READ FROM A FILE

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 33 of 42

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Output:


Enter a filename:a.txt

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Hi 1
How 1
Are 1
You 1

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the most frequent words in a text read from a file is
executed successfully and the output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 34 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program to simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame.
Algorithm:
1. Import the required packages

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2. Set up the colours for the elliptical orbits
3. Define the parameters to simulate elliptical orbits
4. Display the created orbits

Program:

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import math
import random
import pygame
class Particle ():
def __init__ (self, x, y, colour=0x000000):

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self.x = x
self.y = y
self.vx = 0
self.vy = 0
self.colour = colour

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def apply_gravity (self, target):
dsqd = (self.x - target.x) ** 2 + (self.y - target.y) ** 2
#g = G*m/dsqd * normalized (self - target)
if dsqd == 0:
return

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self.vx += -1 / dsqd * (self.x - target.x) / dsqd ** 0.5
self.vy += -1 / dsqd * (self.y - target.y) / dsqd ** 0.5
def update (self):
self.x += self.vx
self.y += self.vy

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pygame.init()
window = pygame.display.set_mode ((600, 400))
main_surface = pygame.Surface ((600, 400))
colours = [0x000000, 0x111111, 0x222222, 0x333333, 0x444444, 0x555555, 0x666666,
0x777777, 0x888888, 0x999999, 0xaaaaaa, 0xbbbbbb] + [0xFF0000, 0x00FF00, 0x0000FF,

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0xFFFF00, 0xFF00FF, 0x00FFFF, 0x888888, 0xFFFFFF, 0x808000, 0x008080, 0x800080,
0x800000]
#colours = [0xFF0000, 0x00FF00, 0x0000FF, 0xFFFF00, 0xFF00FF, 0x00FFFF, 0x888888,
Ex. No. : 12
Date:

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SIMULATE ELLIPTICAL ORBITS IN PYGAME
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

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?

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


I SEMESTER - R 2017

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GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________

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Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL

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FirstRanker Page 2 of 42
DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

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VISION
MISSION

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE

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To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice

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this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that

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will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES



a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

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Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution

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e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable

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h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)

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SYLLABUS



To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.

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To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers

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5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices

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10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.

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Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1

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Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09

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3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers

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13
5(a)
Linear search
15
5(b)

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Binary search
17
6(a)
Selection sort
19

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6(b)
Insertion sort
21
7
Merge sort

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23
8
First n prime numbers
26
9

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Multiply matrices
28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30

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11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame

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34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i

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4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:

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smaller = y
else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):

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gcd = i

return gcd

num1 = 54

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num2 = 24

# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

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print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01

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Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :


The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:

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Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)

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3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

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Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)

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while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

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print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02
Date:

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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Output:

The square root is 9

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Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s

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Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.


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Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base
ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))

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4. Print the result

Program:
def power(base,exp):
if(exp==1):

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return(base)
if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))

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print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

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Output:
Enter base: 7
Enter exponential value: 2

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Result:49

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Aim:

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To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n
3. Read the elements of the list until n

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4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

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Program:
l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
a=int(input("enter the numbers"))

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l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:
maxno=l[i]

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print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :
04

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Date:

FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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Output:
Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6
Enter the numbers 9
Enter the numbers 90

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The maximum number is 90

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Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search
Algorithm:
1. Read n elements into the list

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2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list
Program:
def search(alist,item):

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pos=0
found=False
stop=False
while pos if alist[pos]==item:
found=True

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print("element found in position",pos)
else:
if alist[pos]>item:
stop=True
else:

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pos=pos+1
return found
a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):

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e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
search(a,x)
Ex. No. : 5(a)

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Date:

LINEAR SEARCH

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Output:
Enter upper limit 5
Enter the elements 6
Enter the elements 45

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Enter the elements 2
Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26
Enter element to search 6
Element found in position 1

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output
is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform binary search.
Algorithm:
1. Read the search element
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list

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3. Compare the search element with the middle element
i. if both are matching, print element found
ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element
4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
left sublist of the middle element

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5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
right sublist of the middle element
6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list
7. If element is not found, loop terminates

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Program:
def bsearch(alist,item):
first=0
last=len(alist)-1
found=False

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while first<=last and not found:
mid=(first+last)//2
if alist[mid]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",mid)

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else:
if item last=mid-1
EX. No. : 5(b)
Date:

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BINARY SEARCH

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else:
first=mid+mid-1

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return found

a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):

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e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
bsearch(a,x)

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Output:
enter upper limit 6
enter the elements 2
enter the elements 3
enter the elements 5

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enter the elements 7
enter the elements 14
enter the elements 25
enter element to search 5
element found in position 2

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output
is verified

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.

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Algorithm:
1. Create a function named selectionsort
2. Initialise pos=0
3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,
4. Set pos=location

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5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]
6. Print the sorted list
Program:
def selectionSort(alist):
for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):

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pos=0
for location in range(1,i+1):
if alist[location]>alist[pos]:
pos= location
temp = alist[i]

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alist[i] = alist[pos]
alist[pos] = temp

alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
selectionSort(alist)

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print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(a)
Date:

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SELECTION SORT

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Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform selection sort is successfully executed and the
output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 21 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform insertion sort.
Algorithm:

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1. Create a function named insertionsort
2. Initialise currentvalue=alist[index] and position=index
3. while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue, perform the following till len(alist)
4. alist[position]=alist[position-1]
5. position = position-1

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6. alist[position]=currentvalue
7. Print the sorted list

Program:
def insertionSort(alist):

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for index in range(1,len(alist)):
currentvalue = alist[index]
position = index
while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:
alist[position]=alist[position-1]

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position = position-1
alist[position]=currentvalue
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
insertionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(b)
Date:

INSERTION SORT

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 22 of 42
Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform insertion sort is successfully executed and the output
is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 23 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Merge sort.

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Algorithm:
1. Create a function named mergesort
2. Find the mid of the list
3. Assign lefthalf = alist[:mid] and righthalf = alist[mid:]
4. Initialise i=j=k=0

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5. while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf), perform the following
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i
else

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alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k
6. while i < len(lefthalf),perform the following
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]

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Increment i
Increment k
7. while j < len(righthalf), perform the following
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j

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Increment k
8. Print the sorted list

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Ex. No. : 7
Date:

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MERGE SORT


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Program:

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def mergeSort(alist):
# print("Splitting ",alist)
if len(alist)>1:
mid = len(alist)//2
lefthalf = alist[:mid]

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righthalf = alist[mid:]
mergeSort(lefthalf)
mergeSort(righthalf)
i=j=k=0
while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf):

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if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
else:
alist[k]=righthalf[j]

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j=j+1
k=k+1
while i < len(lefthalf):
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1

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k=k+1
while j < len(righthalf):
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1
k=k+1

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#print("Merging ",alist)
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
mergeSort(alist)
print(alist)

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 25 of 42
Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform merge sort is successfully executed and the output is
verifie

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 26 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to find first n prime numbers.

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Algorithm:
1. Read the value of n
2. for num in range(0,n + 1), perform the following
3. if num%i is 0 then break
else print the value of num

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4. Repeat step 3 for i in range(2,num)

Program:

n = int(input("Enter the upper limit: "))

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print("Prime numbers are")

for num in range(0,n + 1):
# prime numbers are greater than 1

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if num > 1:
for i in range(2,num):
if (num % i) == 0:
break
else:

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print(num)

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Ex. No. : 8
Date:

FIRST N PRIME NUMBERS

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 27 of 42
Output:
Enter the upper limit:100

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Prime numbers are
2
3
5
7

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11
13
17
19
23

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29
31
37
41
43

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47
53
59
61
67

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71
73
79
83
89

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97

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to find the first n prime numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 28 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to multiply matrices.
Algorithm:

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1. Define two matrices X and Y
2. Create a resultant matrix named ?result ?
3. for i in range(len(X)):
i. for j in range(len(Y[0])):
a) for k in range(len(Y))

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b) result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
4. for r in result, print the value of r

Program:

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X = [[12,7,3],
[4 ,5,6],
[7 ,8,9]]
Y = [[5,8,1,2],
[6,7,3,0],

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[4,5,9,1]]
result = [[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0]]
for i in range(len(X)):

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for j in range(len(Y[0])):
for k in range(len(Y)):
result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
for r in result:
print(r)

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Ex. No. : 9
Date:

MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 29 of 42
Output:

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[114, 160, 60, 27]
[74, 97, 73, 14]
[119, 157, 112, 23]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to multiply matrices is executed successfully and the output is

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verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 30 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python program for command line arguments.
Algorithm:
1. Add arguments to find the words and lines
2. Add the filename as argument
3. Parse the arguments to get the values

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4. Format and print the words and lines

Program:
parser=argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--words','-w',action='store_true')

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parser.add_argument('--lines','-l',action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('filename')
args=parser.parse_args()
if args.words:
print("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))

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elif args.lines:
print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))
else:
print ("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))
print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))

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Ex. No. :10
Date:

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COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS(WORD COUNT)

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Output:

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python main.py ?i input.txt
words 23
lines 1

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Result:
Thus the Python program for command line arguments is executed successfully and the output is

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verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 32 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python program to find the most frequent words in a text read from a file.
Algorithm:
1. Read the filename
2. Open the file in read mode
3. Read each line from the file to count the lowers and words

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4. Read each line from the file to replace the punctuations
5. Split each line into words and count them
6. Print the words and counts

Program:

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def main():
filename=raw_input("enter the file").strip()
infile=open(filename,"r")
wordcounts={}
for line in infile:

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processLine(line.lower(),wordcounts)
pairs=list(wordcounts.items())
items=[[x,y] for (y,x) in pairs]
items.sort()
for i in range(len(items)-1,len(items)-11,-1):

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print(items[i][1]+"\t"+str(items[i][0]))
def processLine(line,wordcounts):
line=replacePunctuations(line)
words=line.split()
for word in words:

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if word in wordcounts:
wordcounts[word]+=1
else:
wordcounts[word]=1
def replacePunctuations(line):

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for ch in line:
if ch in "~@#$%^&*()_-+=<>?/.,:;!{}[]''":
line=line.replace(ch," ")
return line
main()

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Ex. No. : 11
Date:

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FINDING MOST FREQUENT WORDS IN A TEXT READ FROM A FILE

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Output:

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Enter a filename:a.txt


Hi 1

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How 1
Are 1
You 1

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the most frequent words in a text read from a file is

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executed successfully and the output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 34 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python program to simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame.
Algorithm:
1. Import the required packages
2. Set up the colours for the elliptical orbits
3. Define the parameters to simulate elliptical orbits

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4. Display the created orbits

Program:
import math
import random

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import pygame
class Particle ():
def __init__ (self, x, y, colour=0x000000):
self.x = x
self.y = y

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self.vx = 0
self.vy = 0
self.colour = colour
def apply_gravity (self, target):
dsqd = (self.x - target.x) ** 2 + (self.y - target.y) ** 2

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#g = G*m/dsqd * normalized (self - target)
if dsqd == 0:
return
self.vx += -1 / dsqd * (self.x - target.x) / dsqd ** 0.5
self.vy += -1 / dsqd * (self.y - target.y) / dsqd ** 0.5

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def update (self):
self.x += self.vx
self.y += self.vy
pygame.init()
window = pygame.display.set_mode ((600, 400))

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main_surface = pygame.Surface ((600, 400))
colours = [0x000000, 0x111111, 0x222222, 0x333333, 0x444444, 0x555555, 0x666666,
0x777777, 0x888888, 0x999999, 0xaaaaaa, 0xbbbbbb] + [0xFF0000, 0x00FF00, 0x0000FF,
0xFFFF00, 0xFF00FF, 0x00FFFF, 0x888888, 0xFFFFFF, 0x808000, 0x008080, 0x800080,
0x800000]

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#colours = [0xFF0000, 0x00FF00, 0x0000FF, 0xFFFF00, 0xFF00FF, 0x00FFFF, 0x888888,
Ex. No. : 12
Date:

SIMULATE ELLIPTICAL ORBITS IN PYGAME

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0xFFFFFF, 0x808000, 0x008080, 0x800080, 0x800000]
particles = [Particle (200, 100, colours [i]) for i in range (20)]
earth = Particle (200, 200)

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for i, p in enumerate (particles):
p.vx = i / 100
while (True):
# main_surface.fill(0x000000)
pygame.draw.circle (main_surface, 0x00FF00, (earth.x, earth.y), 5, 2)

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for p in particles:
p.apply_gravity (earth)
p.update ()
pygame.draw.circle (main_surface, p.colour, (int (p.x), int (p.y)), 5, 2)

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window.blit(main_surface, (0, 0))
pygame.display.flip()

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

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?

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


I SEMESTER - R 2017

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GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________

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Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

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VISION
MISSION

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE

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To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice

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this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that

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will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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FirstRanker Page 4 of 42

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES



a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

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Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution

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e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable

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h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)

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SYLLABUS



To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.

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To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers

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5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices

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10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.

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Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1

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Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09

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3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers

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13
5(a)
Linear search
15
5(b)

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Binary search
17
6(a)
Selection sort
19

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6(b)
Insertion sort
21
7
Merge sort

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23
8
First n prime numbers
26
9

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Multiply matrices
28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30

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11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame

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34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i

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4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:

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smaller = y
else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):

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gcd = i

return gcd

num1 = 54

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num2 = 24

# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

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print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01

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Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :


The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:

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Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)

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3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

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Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)

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while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

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print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02
Date:

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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Output:

The square root is 9

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Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s

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Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.


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Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base
ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))

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4. Print the result

Program:
def power(base,exp):
if(exp==1):

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return(base)
if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))

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print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

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Output:
Enter base: 7
Enter exponential value: 2

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Result:49

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Aim:

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To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n
3. Read the elements of the list until n

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4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

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Program:
l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
a=int(input("enter the numbers"))

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l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:
maxno=l[i]

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print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :
04

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Date:

FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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Output:
Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6
Enter the numbers 9
Enter the numbers 90

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The maximum number is 90

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Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 15 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search
Algorithm:
1. Read n elements into the list

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2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list
Program:
def search(alist,item):

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pos=0
found=False
stop=False
while pos if alist[pos]==item:
found=True

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print("element found in position",pos)
else:
if alist[pos]>item:
stop=True
else:

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pos=pos+1
return found
a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):

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e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
search(a,x)
Ex. No. : 5(a)

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Date:

LINEAR SEARCH

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Output:
Enter upper limit 5
Enter the elements 6
Enter the elements 45

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Enter the elements 2
Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26
Enter element to search 6
Element found in position 1

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output
is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform binary search.
Algorithm:
1. Read the search element
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list

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3. Compare the search element with the middle element
i. if both are matching, print element found
ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element
4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
left sublist of the middle element

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5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
right sublist of the middle element
6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list
7. If element is not found, loop terminates

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Program:
def bsearch(alist,item):
first=0
last=len(alist)-1
found=False

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while first<=last and not found:
mid=(first+last)//2
if alist[mid]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",mid)

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else:
if item last=mid-1
EX. No. : 5(b)
Date:

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BINARY SEARCH

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else:
first=mid+mid-1

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return found

a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):

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e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
bsearch(a,x)

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Output:
enter upper limit 6
enter the elements 2
enter the elements 3
enter the elements 5

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enter the elements 7
enter the elements 14
enter the elements 25
enter element to search 5
element found in position 2

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output
is verified

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.

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Algorithm:
1. Create a function named selectionsort
2. Initialise pos=0
3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,
4. Set pos=location

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5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]
6. Print the sorted list
Program:
def selectionSort(alist):
for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):

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pos=0
for location in range(1,i+1):
if alist[location]>alist[pos]:
pos= location
temp = alist[i]

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alist[i] = alist[pos]
alist[pos] = temp

alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
selectionSort(alist)

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print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(a)
Date:

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SELECTION SORT

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Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform selection sort is successfully executed and the
output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 21 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform insertion sort.
Algorithm:

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1. Create a function named insertionsort
2. Initialise currentvalue=alist[index] and position=index
3. while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue, perform the following till len(alist)
4. alist[position]=alist[position-1]
5. position = position-1

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6. alist[position]=currentvalue
7. Print the sorted list

Program:
def insertionSort(alist):

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for index in range(1,len(alist)):
currentvalue = alist[index]
position = index
while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:
alist[position]=alist[position-1]

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position = position-1
alist[position]=currentvalue
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
insertionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(b)
Date:

INSERTION SORT

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Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform insertion sort is successfully executed and the output
is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 23 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Merge sort.

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Algorithm:
1. Create a function named mergesort
2. Find the mid of the list
3. Assign lefthalf = alist[:mid] and righthalf = alist[mid:]
4. Initialise i=j=k=0

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5. while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf), perform the following
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i
else

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alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k
6. while i < len(lefthalf),perform the following
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]

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Increment i
Increment k
7. while j < len(righthalf), perform the following
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j

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Increment k
8. Print the sorted list

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Ex. No. : 7
Date:

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MERGE SORT


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 24 of 42
Program:

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def mergeSort(alist):
# print("Splitting ",alist)
if len(alist)>1:
mid = len(alist)//2
lefthalf = alist[:mid]

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righthalf = alist[mid:]
mergeSort(lefthalf)
mergeSort(righthalf)
i=j=k=0
while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf):

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if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
else:
alist[k]=righthalf[j]

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j=j+1
k=k+1
while i < len(lefthalf):
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1

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k=k+1
while j < len(righthalf):
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1
k=k+1

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#print("Merging ",alist)
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
mergeSort(alist)
print(alist)

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 25 of 42
Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform merge sort is successfully executed and the output is
verifie

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 26 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to find first n prime numbers.

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Algorithm:
1. Read the value of n
2. for num in range(0,n + 1), perform the following
3. if num%i is 0 then break
else print the value of num

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4. Repeat step 3 for i in range(2,num)

Program:

n = int(input("Enter the upper limit: "))

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print("Prime numbers are")

for num in range(0,n + 1):
# prime numbers are greater than 1

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if num > 1:
for i in range(2,num):
if (num % i) == 0:
break
else:

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print(num)

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Ex. No. : 8
Date:

FIRST N PRIME NUMBERS

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 27 of 42
Output:
Enter the upper limit:100

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Prime numbers are
2
3
5
7

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11
13
17
19
23

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29
31
37
41
43

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47
53
59
61
67

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71
73
79
83
89

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97

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to find the first n prime numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 28 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to multiply matrices.
Algorithm:

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1. Define two matrices X and Y
2. Create a resultant matrix named ?result ?
3. for i in range(len(X)):
i. for j in range(len(Y[0])):
a) for k in range(len(Y))

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b) result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
4. for r in result, print the value of r

Program:

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X = [[12,7,3],
[4 ,5,6],
[7 ,8,9]]
Y = [[5,8,1,2],
[6,7,3,0],

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[4,5,9,1]]
result = [[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0]]
for i in range(len(X)):

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for j in range(len(Y[0])):
for k in range(len(Y)):
result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
for r in result:
print(r)

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Ex. No. : 9
Date:

MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 29 of 42
Output:

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[114, 160, 60, 27]
[74, 97, 73, 14]
[119, 157, 112, 23]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to multiply matrices is executed successfully and the output is

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verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 30 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python program for command line arguments.
Algorithm:
1. Add arguments to find the words and lines
2. Add the filename as argument
3. Parse the arguments to get the values

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4. Format and print the words and lines

Program:
parser=argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--words','-w',action='store_true')

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parser.add_argument('--lines','-l',action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('filename')
args=parser.parse_args()
if args.words:
print("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))

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elif args.lines:
print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))
else:
print ("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))
print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))

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Ex. No. :10
Date:

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COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS(WORD COUNT)

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 31 of 42
Output:

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python main.py ?i input.txt
words 23
lines 1

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Result:
Thus the Python program for command line arguments is executed successfully and the output is

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verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 32 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python program to find the most frequent words in a text read from a file.
Algorithm:
1. Read the filename
2. Open the file in read mode
3. Read each line from the file to count the lowers and words

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4. Read each line from the file to replace the punctuations
5. Split each line into words and count them
6. Print the words and counts

Program:

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def main():
filename=raw_input("enter the file").strip()
infile=open(filename,"r")
wordcounts={}
for line in infile:

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processLine(line.lower(),wordcounts)
pairs=list(wordcounts.items())
items=[[x,y] for (y,x) in pairs]
items.sort()
for i in range(len(items)-1,len(items)-11,-1):

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print(items[i][1]+"\t"+str(items[i][0]))
def processLine(line,wordcounts):
line=replacePunctuations(line)
words=line.split()
for word in words:

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if word in wordcounts:
wordcounts[word]+=1
else:
wordcounts[word]=1
def replacePunctuations(line):

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for ch in line:
if ch in "~@#$%^&*()_-+=<>?/.,:;!{}[]''":
line=line.replace(ch," ")
return line
main()

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Ex. No. : 11
Date:

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FINDING MOST FREQUENT WORDS IN A TEXT READ FROM A FILE

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 33 of 42
Output:

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Enter a filename:a.txt


Hi 1

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How 1
Are 1
You 1

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the most frequent words in a text read from a file is

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executed successfully and the output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 34 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python program to simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame.
Algorithm:
1. Import the required packages
2. Set up the colours for the elliptical orbits
3. Define the parameters to simulate elliptical orbits

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4. Display the created orbits

Program:
import math
import random

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import pygame
class Particle ():
def __init__ (self, x, y, colour=0x000000):
self.x = x
self.y = y

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self.vx = 0
self.vy = 0
self.colour = colour
def apply_gravity (self, target):
dsqd = (self.x - target.x) ** 2 + (self.y - target.y) ** 2

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#g = G*m/dsqd * normalized (self - target)
if dsqd == 0:
return
self.vx += -1 / dsqd * (self.x - target.x) / dsqd ** 0.5
self.vy += -1 / dsqd * (self.y - target.y) / dsqd ** 0.5

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def update (self):
self.x += self.vx
self.y += self.vy
pygame.init()
window = pygame.display.set_mode ((600, 400))

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main_surface = pygame.Surface ((600, 400))
colours = [0x000000, 0x111111, 0x222222, 0x333333, 0x444444, 0x555555, 0x666666,
0x777777, 0x888888, 0x999999, 0xaaaaaa, 0xbbbbbb] + [0xFF0000, 0x00FF00, 0x0000FF,
0xFFFF00, 0xFF00FF, 0x00FFFF, 0x888888, 0xFFFFFF, 0x808000, 0x008080, 0x800080,
0x800000]

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#colours = [0xFF0000, 0x00FF00, 0x0000FF, 0xFFFF00, 0xFF00FF, 0x00FFFF, 0x888888,
Ex. No. : 12
Date:

SIMULATE ELLIPTICAL ORBITS IN PYGAME

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 35 of 42
0xFFFFFF, 0x808000, 0x008080, 0x800080, 0x800000]
particles = [Particle (200, 100, colours [i]) for i in range (20)]
earth = Particle (200, 200)

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for i, p in enumerate (particles):
p.vx = i / 100
while (True):
# main_surface.fill(0x000000)
pygame.draw.circle (main_surface, 0x00FF00, (earth.x, earth.y), 5, 2)

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for p in particles:
p.apply_gravity (earth)
p.update ()
pygame.draw.circle (main_surface, p.colour, (int (p.x), int (p.y)), 5, 2)

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window.blit(main_surface, (0, 0))
pygame.display.flip()

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 36 of 42
Output:

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Result:

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Thus the Python Program to simulate elliptical orbits using Pygame is executed
successfully and the output is verified.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

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?

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


I SEMESTER - R 2017

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GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________

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Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL

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FirstRanker Page 2 of 42
DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

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VISION
MISSION

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FirstRanker Page 3 of 42
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE

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To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice

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this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that

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will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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FirstRanker Page 4 of 42

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES



a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

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Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution

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e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable

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h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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FirstRanker Page 5 of 42
GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)

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SYLLABUS



To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.

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To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers

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5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices

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10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.

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Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1

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Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09

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3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers

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13
5(a)
Linear search
15
5(b)

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Binary search
17
6(a)
Selection sort
19

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6(b)
Insertion sort
21
7
Merge sort

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23
8
First n prime numbers
26
9

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Multiply matrices
28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30

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11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame

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34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i

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4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:

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smaller = y
else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):

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gcd = i

return gcd

num1 = 54

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num2 = 24

# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

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print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01

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Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :


The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:

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Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 9 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)

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3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

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Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)

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while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

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print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02
Date:

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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Output:

The square root is 9

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Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s

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Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.


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Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base
ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))

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4. Print the result

Program:
def power(base,exp):
if(exp==1):

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return(base)
if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))

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print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

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Output:
Enter base: 7
Enter exponential value: 2

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Result:49

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Aim:

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To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n
3. Read the elements of the list until n

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4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

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Program:
l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
a=int(input("enter the numbers"))

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l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:
maxno=l[i]

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print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :
04

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Date:

FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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Output:
Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6
Enter the numbers 9
Enter the numbers 90

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The maximum number is 90

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Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 15 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search
Algorithm:
1. Read n elements into the list

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2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list
Program:
def search(alist,item):

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pos=0
found=False
stop=False
while pos if alist[pos]==item:
found=True

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print("element found in position",pos)
else:
if alist[pos]>item:
stop=True
else:

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pos=pos+1
return found
a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):

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e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
search(a,x)
Ex. No. : 5(a)

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Date:

LINEAR SEARCH

FirstRanker Page 16 of 42

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Output:
Enter upper limit 5
Enter the elements 6
Enter the elements 45

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Enter the elements 2
Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26
Enter element to search 6
Element found in position 1

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output
is verified.

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FirstRanker Page 17 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform binary search.
Algorithm:
1. Read the search element
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list

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3. Compare the search element with the middle element
i. if both are matching, print element found
ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element
4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
left sublist of the middle element

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5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
right sublist of the middle element
6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list
7. If element is not found, loop terminates

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Program:
def bsearch(alist,item):
first=0
last=len(alist)-1
found=False

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while first<=last and not found:
mid=(first+last)//2
if alist[mid]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",mid)

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else:
if item last=mid-1
EX. No. : 5(b)
Date:

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BINARY SEARCH

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else:
first=mid+mid-1

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return found

a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):

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e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
bsearch(a,x)

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Output:
enter upper limit 6
enter the elements 2
enter the elements 3
enter the elements 5

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enter the elements 7
enter the elements 14
enter the elements 25
enter element to search 5
element found in position 2

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output
is verified

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FirstRanker Page 19 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.

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Algorithm:
1. Create a function named selectionsort
2. Initialise pos=0
3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,
4. Set pos=location

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5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]
6. Print the sorted list
Program:
def selectionSort(alist):
for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):

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pos=0
for location in range(1,i+1):
if alist[location]>alist[pos]:
pos= location
temp = alist[i]

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alist[i] = alist[pos]
alist[pos] = temp

alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
selectionSort(alist)

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print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(a)
Date:

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SELECTION SORT

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Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform selection sort is successfully executed and the
output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 21 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform insertion sort.
Algorithm:

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1. Create a function named insertionsort
2. Initialise currentvalue=alist[index] and position=index
3. while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue, perform the following till len(alist)
4. alist[position]=alist[position-1]
5. position = position-1

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6. alist[position]=currentvalue
7. Print the sorted list

Program:
def insertionSort(alist):

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for index in range(1,len(alist)):
currentvalue = alist[index]
position = index
while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:
alist[position]=alist[position-1]

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position = position-1
alist[position]=currentvalue
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
insertionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(b)
Date:

INSERTION SORT

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 22 of 42
Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform insertion sort is successfully executed and the output
is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 23 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Merge sort.

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Algorithm:
1. Create a function named mergesort
2. Find the mid of the list
3. Assign lefthalf = alist[:mid] and righthalf = alist[mid:]
4. Initialise i=j=k=0

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5. while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf), perform the following
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i
else

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alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k
6. while i < len(lefthalf),perform the following
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]

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Increment i
Increment k
7. while j < len(righthalf), perform the following
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j

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Increment k
8. Print the sorted list

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Ex. No. : 7
Date:

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MERGE SORT


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 24 of 42
Program:

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def mergeSort(alist):
# print("Splitting ",alist)
if len(alist)>1:
mid = len(alist)//2
lefthalf = alist[:mid]

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righthalf = alist[mid:]
mergeSort(lefthalf)
mergeSort(righthalf)
i=j=k=0
while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf):

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if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
else:
alist[k]=righthalf[j]

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j=j+1
k=k+1
while i < len(lefthalf):
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1

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k=k+1
while j < len(righthalf):
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1
k=k+1

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#print("Merging ",alist)
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
mergeSort(alist)
print(alist)

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 25 of 42
Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform merge sort is successfully executed and the output is
verifie

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 26 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to find first n prime numbers.

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Algorithm:
1. Read the value of n
2. for num in range(0,n + 1), perform the following
3. if num%i is 0 then break
else print the value of num

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4. Repeat step 3 for i in range(2,num)

Program:

n = int(input("Enter the upper limit: "))

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print("Prime numbers are")

for num in range(0,n + 1):
# prime numbers are greater than 1

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if num > 1:
for i in range(2,num):
if (num % i) == 0:
break
else:

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print(num)

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Ex. No. : 8
Date:

FIRST N PRIME NUMBERS

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 27 of 42
Output:
Enter the upper limit:100

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Prime numbers are
2
3
5
7

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11
13
17
19
23

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29
31
37
41
43

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47
53
59
61
67

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71
73
79
83
89

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97

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to find the first n prime numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 28 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to multiply matrices.
Algorithm:

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1. Define two matrices X and Y
2. Create a resultant matrix named ?result ?
3. for i in range(len(X)):
i. for j in range(len(Y[0])):
a) for k in range(len(Y))

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b) result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
4. for r in result, print the value of r

Program:

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X = [[12,7,3],
[4 ,5,6],
[7 ,8,9]]
Y = [[5,8,1,2],
[6,7,3,0],

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[4,5,9,1]]
result = [[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0]]
for i in range(len(X)):

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for j in range(len(Y[0])):
for k in range(len(Y)):
result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
for r in result:
print(r)

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Ex. No. : 9
Date:

MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 29 of 42
Output:

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[114, 160, 60, 27]
[74, 97, 73, 14]
[119, 157, 112, 23]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to multiply matrices is executed successfully and the output is

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verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 30 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python program for command line arguments.
Algorithm:
1. Add arguments to find the words and lines
2. Add the filename as argument
3. Parse the arguments to get the values

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4. Format and print the words and lines

Program:
parser=argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--words','-w',action='store_true')

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parser.add_argument('--lines','-l',action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('filename')
args=parser.parse_args()
if args.words:
print("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))

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elif args.lines:
print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))
else:
print ("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))
print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))

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Ex. No. :10
Date:

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COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS(WORD COUNT)

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Output:

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python main.py ?i input.txt
words 23
lines 1

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Result:
Thus the Python program for command line arguments is executed successfully and the output is

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verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 32 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python program to find the most frequent words in a text read from a file.
Algorithm:
1. Read the filename
2. Open the file in read mode
3. Read each line from the file to count the lowers and words

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4. Read each line from the file to replace the punctuations
5. Split each line into words and count them
6. Print the words and counts

Program:

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def main():
filename=raw_input("enter the file").strip()
infile=open(filename,"r")
wordcounts={}
for line in infile:

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processLine(line.lower(),wordcounts)
pairs=list(wordcounts.items())
items=[[x,y] for (y,x) in pairs]
items.sort()
for i in range(len(items)-1,len(items)-11,-1):

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print(items[i][1]+"\t"+str(items[i][0]))
def processLine(line,wordcounts):
line=replacePunctuations(line)
words=line.split()
for word in words:

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if word in wordcounts:
wordcounts[word]+=1
else:
wordcounts[word]=1
def replacePunctuations(line):

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for ch in line:
if ch in "~@#$%^&*()_-+=<>?/.,:;!{}[]''":
line=line.replace(ch," ")
return line
main()

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Ex. No. : 11
Date:

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FINDING MOST FREQUENT WORDS IN A TEXT READ FROM A FILE

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Output:

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Enter a filename:a.txt


Hi 1

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How 1
Are 1
You 1

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the most frequent words in a text read from a file is

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executed successfully and the output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 34 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python program to simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame.
Algorithm:
1. Import the required packages
2. Set up the colours for the elliptical orbits
3. Define the parameters to simulate elliptical orbits

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4. Display the created orbits

Program:
import math
import random

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import pygame
class Particle ():
def __init__ (self, x, y, colour=0x000000):
self.x = x
self.y = y

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self.vx = 0
self.vy = 0
self.colour = colour
def apply_gravity (self, target):
dsqd = (self.x - target.x) ** 2 + (self.y - target.y) ** 2

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#g = G*m/dsqd * normalized (self - target)
if dsqd == 0:
return
self.vx += -1 / dsqd * (self.x - target.x) / dsqd ** 0.5
self.vy += -1 / dsqd * (self.y - target.y) / dsqd ** 0.5

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def update (self):
self.x += self.vx
self.y += self.vy
pygame.init()
window = pygame.display.set_mode ((600, 400))

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main_surface = pygame.Surface ((600, 400))
colours = [0x000000, 0x111111, 0x222222, 0x333333, 0x444444, 0x555555, 0x666666,
0x777777, 0x888888, 0x999999, 0xaaaaaa, 0xbbbbbb] + [0xFF0000, 0x00FF00, 0x0000FF,
0xFFFF00, 0xFF00FF, 0x00FFFF, 0x888888, 0xFFFFFF, 0x808000, 0x008080, 0x800080,
0x800000]

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#colours = [0xFF0000, 0x00FF00, 0x0000FF, 0xFFFF00, 0xFF00FF, 0x00FFFF, 0x888888,
Ex. No. : 12
Date:

SIMULATE ELLIPTICAL ORBITS IN PYGAME

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 35 of 42
0xFFFFFF, 0x808000, 0x008080, 0x800080, 0x800000]
particles = [Particle (200, 100, colours [i]) for i in range (20)]
earth = Particle (200, 200)

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for i, p in enumerate (particles):
p.vx = i / 100
while (True):
# main_surface.fill(0x000000)
pygame.draw.circle (main_surface, 0x00FF00, (earth.x, earth.y), 5, 2)

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for p in particles:
p.apply_gravity (earth)
p.update ()
pygame.draw.circle (main_surface, p.colour, (int (p.x), int (p.y)), 5, 2)

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window.blit(main_surface, (0, 0))
pygame.display.flip()

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 36 of 42
Output:

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Result:

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Thus the Python Program to simulate elliptical orbits using Pygame is executed
successfully and the output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 37 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program to bouncing ball in Pygame.
Algorithm:
1. Import the required packages

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2. Define the required variables
3. Define the screen space to display the bouncing balls in that space

Program:
import sys

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import pygame
pygame.init()

size = width, height = 320, 240
speed = [2, 2]

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black = 0, 0, 0

screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)

ball = pygame.image.load('C:\\Users\\admin\\Desktop//ball.jpg')

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ballrect = ball.get_rect()

while 1:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT: sys.exit()

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ballrect = ballrect.move(speed)
if ballrect.left < 0 or ballrect.right > width:
speed[0] = -speed[0]
if ballrect.top < 0 or ballrect.bottom > height:

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speed[1] = -speed[1]

screen.fill(black)
screen.blit(ball, ballrect)
pygame.display.flip()

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Ex. No. : 13
Date:

SIMULATE BOUNCING BALL USING PYGAME
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

?

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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I SEMESTER - R 2017

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education

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and training.

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels

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? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

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VISION
MISSION

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

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2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

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3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

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4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

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5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career

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c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society

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g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with

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coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING

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LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

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To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.

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Read and write data from/to files in Python.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)

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3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort

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8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame

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13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.

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Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING

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LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page

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No.
1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2

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Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09
3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11

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4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13
5(a)
Linear search

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15
5(b)
Binary search
17
6(a)

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Selection sort
19
6(b)
Insertion sort
21

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7
Merge sort
23
8
First n prime numbers

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26
9
Multiply matrices
28
10

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Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30
11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32

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12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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37

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

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Algorithm:

1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y

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3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

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def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:
smaller = y
else:
smaller = x

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for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

return gcd

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num1 = 54
num2 = 24

# take input from the user

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# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01
Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :

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The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)

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4. Print the value of approx

Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):

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approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)

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return approx

print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02
Date:

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SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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Output:

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The square root is 9

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Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

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Algorithm:

1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not

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i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base
ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

Program:

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def power(base,exp):
if(exp==1):
return(base)
if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))

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base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

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EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

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Output:

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Enter base: 7
Enter exponential value: 2
Result:49

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Result:

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Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l

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2. Read the value of n
3. Read the elements of the list until n
4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1

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7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

Program:
l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))

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for i in range(0,n):
a=int(input("enter the numbers"))
l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):

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if l[i]>maxno:
maxno=l[i]
print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :
04
Date:

FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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Output:
Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6

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Enter the numbers 9
Enter the numbers 90
The maximum number is 90

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Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search

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Algorithm:
1. Read n elements into the list
2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list

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Program:
def search(alist,item):
pos=0
found=False
stop=False

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while pos if alist[pos]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",pos)
else:
if alist[pos]>item:

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stop=True
else:
pos=pos+1
return found
a=[]

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n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))

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search(a,x)
Ex. No. : 5(a)
Date:

LINEAR SEARCH

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Output:
Enter upper limit 5

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Enter the elements 6
Enter the elements 45
Enter the elements 2
Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26

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Enter element to search 6
Element found in position 1

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output

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is verified.



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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform binary search.
Algorithm:

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1. Read the search element
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare the search element with the middle element
i. if both are matching, print element found
ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element

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4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
left sublist of the middle element
5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
right sublist of the middle element
6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list

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7. If element is not found, loop terminates

Program:
def bsearch(alist,item):
first=0

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last=len(alist)-1
found=False
while first<=last and not found:
mid=(first+last)//2
if alist[mid]==item:

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found=True
print("element found in position",mid)
else:
if item last=mid-1
EX. No. : 5(b)

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Date:

BINARY SEARCH

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else:
first=mid+mid-1
return found

a=[]

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n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))

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bsearch(a,x)

Output:
enter upper limit 6
enter the elements 2

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enter the elements 3
enter the elements 5
enter the elements 7
enter the elements 14
enter the elements 25

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enter element to search 5
element found in position 2


Result:

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Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output
is verified

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named selectionsort
2. Initialise pos=0

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3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,
4. Set pos=location
5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]
6. Print the sorted list
Program:

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def selectionSort(alist):
for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):
pos=0
for location in range(1,i+1):
if alist[location]>alist[pos]:

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pos= location
temp = alist[i]
alist[i] = alist[pos]
alist[pos] = temp

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alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
selectionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(a)

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Date:

SELECTION SORT

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Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform selection sort is successfully executed and the

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output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 21 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python Program to perform insertion sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named insertionsort
2. Initialise currentvalue=alist[index] and position=index
3. while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue, perform the following till len(alist)

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4. alist[position]=alist[position-1]
5. position = position-1
6. alist[position]=currentvalue
7. Print the sorted list

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Program:
def insertionSort(alist):
for index in range(1,len(alist)):
currentvalue = alist[index]
position = index

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while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:
alist[position]=alist[position-1]
position = position-1
alist[position]=currentvalue
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]

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insertionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(b)
Date:

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INSERTION SORT


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Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:

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Thus the Python program to perform insertion sort is successfully executed and the output
is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 23 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Merge sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named mergesort
2. Find the mid of the list

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3. Assign lefthalf = alist[:mid] and righthalf = alist[mid:]
4. Initialise i=j=k=0
5. while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf), perform the following
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]

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Increment i
else
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k

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6. while i < len(lefthalf),perform the following
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i
Increment k
7. while j < len(righthalf), perform the following

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alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k
8. Print the sorted list

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Ex. No. : 7

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Date:

MERGE SORT

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 24 of 42
Program:
def mergeSort(alist):
# print("Splitting ",alist)
if len(alist)>1:

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mid = len(alist)//2
lefthalf = alist[:mid]
righthalf = alist[mid:]
mergeSort(lefthalf)
mergeSort(righthalf)

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i=j=k=0
while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf):
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1

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else:
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1
k=k+1
while i < len(lefthalf):

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alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
k=k+1
while j < len(righthalf):
alist[k]=righthalf[j]

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j=j+1
k=k+1
#print("Merging ",alist)
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
mergeSort(alist)

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print(alist)


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Output:

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[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform merge sort is successfully executed and the output is

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verifie

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 26 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python program to find first n prime numbers.

Algorithm:
1. Read the value of n
2. for num in range(0,n + 1), perform the following

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3. if num%i is 0 then break
else print the value of num
4. Repeat step 3 for i in range(2,num)

Program:

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n = int(input("Enter the upper limit: "))

print("Prime numbers are")

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for num in range(0,n + 1):
# prime numbers are greater than 1
if num > 1:
for i in range(2,num):
if (num % i) == 0:

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break
else:
print(num)

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Ex. No. : 8
Date:

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FIRST N PRIME NUMBERS


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Output:
Enter the upper limit:100
Prime numbers are
2
3

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5
7
11
13
17

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19
23
29
31
37

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41
43
47
53
59

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61
67
71
73
79

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83
89
97

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to find the first n prime numbers is executed successfully and

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the output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 28 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python program to multiply matrices.
Algorithm:
1. Define two matrices X and Y
2. Create a resultant matrix named ?result ?
3. for i in range(len(X)):

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i. for j in range(len(Y[0])):
a) for k in range(len(Y))
b) result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
4. for r in result, print the value of r

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Program:

X = [[12,7,3],
[4 ,5,6],
[7 ,8,9]]

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Y = [[5,8,1,2],
[6,7,3,0],
[4,5,9,1]]
result = [[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0],

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[0,0,0,0]]
for i in range(len(X)):
for j in range(len(Y[0])):
for k in range(len(Y)):
result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]

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for r in result:
print(r)

Ex. No. : 9
Date:

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MATRIX MULTIPLICATION


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Output:

[114, 160, 60, 27]
[74, 97, 73, 14]
[119, 157, 112, 23]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to multiply matrices is executed successfully and the output is
verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 30 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program for command line arguments.
Algorithm:
1. Add arguments to find the words and lines

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2. Add the filename as argument
3. Parse the arguments to get the values
4. Format and print the words and lines

Program:

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parser=argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--words','-w',action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('--lines','-l',action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('filename')
args=parser.parse_args()

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if args.words:
print("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))
elif args.lines:
print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))
else:

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print ("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))
print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))

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Ex. No. :10
Date:

COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS(WORD COUNT)

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Output:


python main.py ?i input.txt

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words 23
lines 1

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Result:
Thus the Python program for command line arguments is executed successfully and the output is
verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 32 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find the most frequent words in a text read from a file.
Algorithm:
1. Read the filename

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2. Open the file in read mode
3. Read each line from the file to count the lowers and words
4. Read each line from the file to replace the punctuations
5. Split each line into words and count them
6. Print the words and counts

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Program:
def main():
filename=raw_input("enter the file").strip()
infile=open(filename,"r")

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wordcounts={}
for line in infile:
processLine(line.lower(),wordcounts)
pairs=list(wordcounts.items())
items=[[x,y] for (y,x) in pairs]

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items.sort()
for i in range(len(items)-1,len(items)-11,-1):
print(items[i][1]+"\t"+str(items[i][0]))
def processLine(line,wordcounts):
line=replacePunctuations(line)

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words=line.split()
for word in words:
if word in wordcounts:
wordcounts[word]+=1
else:

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wordcounts[word]=1
def replacePunctuations(line):
for ch in line:
if ch in "~@#$%^&*()_-+=<>?/.,:;!{}[]''":
line=line.replace(ch," ")

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return line
main()


Ex. No. : 11

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Date:

FINDING MOST FREQUENT WORDS IN A TEXT READ FROM A FILE

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 33 of 42

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Output:


Enter a filename:a.txt

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Hi 1
How 1
Are 1
You 1

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the most frequent words in a text read from a file is
executed successfully and the output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 34 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program to simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame.
Algorithm:
1. Import the required packages

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2. Set up the colours for the elliptical orbits
3. Define the parameters to simulate elliptical orbits
4. Display the created orbits

Program:

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import math
import random
import pygame
class Particle ():
def __init__ (self, x, y, colour=0x000000):

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self.x = x
self.y = y
self.vx = 0
self.vy = 0
self.colour = colour

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def apply_gravity (self, target):
dsqd = (self.x - target.x) ** 2 + (self.y - target.y) ** 2
#g = G*m/dsqd * normalized (self - target)
if dsqd == 0:
return

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self.vx += -1 / dsqd * (self.x - target.x) / dsqd ** 0.5
self.vy += -1 / dsqd * (self.y - target.y) / dsqd ** 0.5
def update (self):
self.x += self.vx
self.y += self.vy

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pygame.init()
window = pygame.display.set_mode ((600, 400))
main_surface = pygame.Surface ((600, 400))
colours = [0x000000, 0x111111, 0x222222, 0x333333, 0x444444, 0x555555, 0x666666,
0x777777, 0x888888, 0x999999, 0xaaaaaa, 0xbbbbbb] + [0xFF0000, 0x00FF00, 0x0000FF,

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0xFFFF00, 0xFF00FF, 0x00FFFF, 0x888888, 0xFFFFFF, 0x808000, 0x008080, 0x800080,
0x800000]
#colours = [0xFF0000, 0x00FF00, 0x0000FF, 0xFFFF00, 0xFF00FF, 0x00FFFF, 0x888888,
Ex. No. : 12
Date:

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SIMULATE ELLIPTICAL ORBITS IN PYGAME

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 35 of 42
0xFFFFFF, 0x808000, 0x008080, 0x800080, 0x800000]

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particles = [Particle (200, 100, colours [i]) for i in range (20)]
earth = Particle (200, 200)
for i, p in enumerate (particles):
p.vx = i / 100
while (True):

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# main_surface.fill(0x000000)
pygame.draw.circle (main_surface, 0x00FF00, (earth.x, earth.y), 5, 2)

for p in particles:
p.apply_gravity (earth)

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p.update ()
pygame.draw.circle (main_surface, p.colour, (int (p.x), int (p.y)), 5, 2)
window.blit(main_surface, (0, 0))
pygame.display.flip()

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Output:

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to simulate elliptical orbits using Pygame is executed
successfully and the output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 37 of 42


Aim:
To write a Python program to bouncing ball in Pygame.

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Algorithm:
1. Import the required packages
2. Define the required variables
3. Define the screen space to display the bouncing balls in that space

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Program:
import sys
import pygame
pygame.init()

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size = width, height = 320, 240
speed = [2, 2]
black = 0, 0, 0

screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)

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ball = pygame.image.load('C:\\Users\\admin\\Desktop//ball.jpg')
ballrect = ball.get_rect()

while 1:

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for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT: sys.exit()

ballrect = ballrect.move(speed)
if ballrect.left < 0 or ballrect.right > width:

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speed[0] = -speed[0]
if ballrect.top < 0 or ballrect.bottom > height:
speed[1] = -speed[1]

screen.fill(black)

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screen.blit(ball, ballrect)
pygame.display.flip()

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Ex. No. : 13
Date:

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SIMULATE BOUNCING BALL USING PYGAME

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 38 of 42

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Output:

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to simulate bouncing ball using Pygame is executed
successfully and the output is verified.

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

?

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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I SEMESTER - R 2017

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education

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and training.

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels

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? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

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VISION
MISSION

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

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2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

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3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

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4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

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5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career

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c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society

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g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with

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coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING

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LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

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To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.

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Read and write data from/to files in Python.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)

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3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort

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8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame

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13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.

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Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING

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LABORATORY
CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page

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No.
1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2

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Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09
3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11

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4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13
5(a)
Linear search

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15
5(b)
Binary search
17
6(a)

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Selection sort
19
6(b)
Insertion sort
21

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7
Merge sort
23
8
First n prime numbers

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26
9
Multiply matrices
28
10

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Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30
11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32

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12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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37

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

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Algorithm:

1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y

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3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

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def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:
smaller = y
else:
smaller = x

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for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

return gcd

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num1 = 54
num2 = 24

# take input from the user

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# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01
Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :

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The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)

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4. Print the value of approx

Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):

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approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)

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return approx

print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02
Date:

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SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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Output:

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The square root is 9

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Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

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Algorithm:

1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not

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i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base
ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

Program:

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def power(base,exp):
if(exp==1):
return(base)
if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))

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base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

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EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

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Output:

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Enter base: 7
Enter exponential value: 2
Result:49

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Result:

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Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 13 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l

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2. Read the value of n
3. Read the elements of the list until n
4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1

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7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

Program:
l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))

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for i in range(0,n):
a=int(input("enter the numbers"))
l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):

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if l[i]>maxno:
maxno=l[i]
print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :
04
Date:

FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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Output:
Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6

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Enter the numbers 9
Enter the numbers 90
The maximum number is 90

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Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search

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Algorithm:
1. Read n elements into the list
2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list

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Program:
def search(alist,item):
pos=0
found=False
stop=False

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while pos if alist[pos]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",pos)
else:
if alist[pos]>item:

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stop=True
else:
pos=pos+1
return found
a=[]

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n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))

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search(a,x)
Ex. No. : 5(a)
Date:

LINEAR SEARCH

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Output:
Enter upper limit 5

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Enter the elements 6
Enter the elements 45
Enter the elements 2
Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26

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Enter element to search 6
Element found in position 1

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output

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is verified.



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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform binary search.
Algorithm:

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1. Read the search element
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare the search element with the middle element
i. if both are matching, print element found
ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element

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4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
left sublist of the middle element
5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
right sublist of the middle element
6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list

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7. If element is not found, loop terminates

Program:
def bsearch(alist,item):
first=0

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last=len(alist)-1
found=False
while first<=last and not found:
mid=(first+last)//2
if alist[mid]==item:

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found=True
print("element found in position",mid)
else:
if item last=mid-1
EX. No. : 5(b)

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Date:

BINARY SEARCH

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else:
first=mid+mid-1
return found

a=[]

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n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))

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bsearch(a,x)

Output:
enter upper limit 6
enter the elements 2

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enter the elements 3
enter the elements 5
enter the elements 7
enter the elements 14
enter the elements 25

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enter element to search 5
element found in position 2


Result:

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Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output
is verified

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named selectionsort
2. Initialise pos=0

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3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,
4. Set pos=location
5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]
6. Print the sorted list
Program:

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def selectionSort(alist):
for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):
pos=0
for location in range(1,i+1):
if alist[location]>alist[pos]:

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pos= location
temp = alist[i]
alist[i] = alist[pos]
alist[pos] = temp

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alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
selectionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(a)

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Date:

SELECTION SORT

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Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform selection sort is successfully executed and the

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output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 21 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python Program to perform insertion sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named insertionsort
2. Initialise currentvalue=alist[index] and position=index
3. while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue, perform the following till len(alist)

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4. alist[position]=alist[position-1]
5. position = position-1
6. alist[position]=currentvalue
7. Print the sorted list

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Program:
def insertionSort(alist):
for index in range(1,len(alist)):
currentvalue = alist[index]
position = index

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while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:
alist[position]=alist[position-1]
position = position-1
alist[position]=currentvalue
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]

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insertionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(b)
Date:

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INSERTION SORT


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Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:

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Thus the Python program to perform insertion sort is successfully executed and the output
is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 23 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Merge sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named mergesort
2. Find the mid of the list

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3. Assign lefthalf = alist[:mid] and righthalf = alist[mid:]
4. Initialise i=j=k=0
5. while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf), perform the following
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]

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Increment i
else
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k

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6. while i < len(lefthalf),perform the following
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i
Increment k
7. while j < len(righthalf), perform the following

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alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k
8. Print the sorted list

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Ex. No. : 7

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Date:

MERGE SORT

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 24 of 42
Program:
def mergeSort(alist):
# print("Splitting ",alist)
if len(alist)>1:

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mid = len(alist)//2
lefthalf = alist[:mid]
righthalf = alist[mid:]
mergeSort(lefthalf)
mergeSort(righthalf)

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i=j=k=0
while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf):
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1

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else:
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1
k=k+1
while i < len(lefthalf):

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alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
k=k+1
while j < len(righthalf):
alist[k]=righthalf[j]

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j=j+1
k=k+1
#print("Merging ",alist)
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
mergeSort(alist)

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print(alist)


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 25 of 42
Output:

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[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform merge sort is successfully executed and the output is

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verifie

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 26 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python program to find first n prime numbers.

Algorithm:
1. Read the value of n
2. for num in range(0,n + 1), perform the following

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3. if num%i is 0 then break
else print the value of num
4. Repeat step 3 for i in range(2,num)

Program:

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n = int(input("Enter the upper limit: "))

print("Prime numbers are")

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for num in range(0,n + 1):
# prime numbers are greater than 1
if num > 1:
for i in range(2,num):
if (num % i) == 0:

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break
else:
print(num)

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Ex. No. : 8
Date:

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FIRST N PRIME NUMBERS


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 27 of 42

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Output:
Enter the upper limit:100
Prime numbers are
2
3

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5
7
11
13
17

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19
23
29
31
37

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41
43
47
53
59

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61
67
71
73
79

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83
89
97

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to find the first n prime numbers is executed successfully and

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the output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 28 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python program to multiply matrices.
Algorithm:
1. Define two matrices X and Y
2. Create a resultant matrix named ?result ?
3. for i in range(len(X)):

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i. for j in range(len(Y[0])):
a) for k in range(len(Y))
b) result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
4. for r in result, print the value of r

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Program:

X = [[12,7,3],
[4 ,5,6],
[7 ,8,9]]

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Y = [[5,8,1,2],
[6,7,3,0],
[4,5,9,1]]
result = [[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0],

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[0,0,0,0]]
for i in range(len(X)):
for j in range(len(Y[0])):
for k in range(len(Y)):
result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]

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for r in result:
print(r)

Ex. No. : 9
Date:

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MATRIX MULTIPLICATION


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Output:

[114, 160, 60, 27]
[74, 97, 73, 14]
[119, 157, 112, 23]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to multiply matrices is executed successfully and the output is
verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 30 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program for command line arguments.
Algorithm:
1. Add arguments to find the words and lines

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2. Add the filename as argument
3. Parse the arguments to get the values
4. Format and print the words and lines

Program:

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parser=argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--words','-w',action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('--lines','-l',action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('filename')
args=parser.parse_args()

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if args.words:
print("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))
elif args.lines:
print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))
else:

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print ("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))
print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))

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Ex. No. :10
Date:

COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS(WORD COUNT)

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 31 of 42
Output:


python main.py ?i input.txt

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words 23
lines 1

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Result:
Thus the Python program for command line arguments is executed successfully and the output is
verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 32 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find the most frequent words in a text read from a file.
Algorithm:
1. Read the filename

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2. Open the file in read mode
3. Read each line from the file to count the lowers and words
4. Read each line from the file to replace the punctuations
5. Split each line into words and count them
6. Print the words and counts

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Program:
def main():
filename=raw_input("enter the file").strip()
infile=open(filename,"r")

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wordcounts={}
for line in infile:
processLine(line.lower(),wordcounts)
pairs=list(wordcounts.items())
items=[[x,y] for (y,x) in pairs]

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items.sort()
for i in range(len(items)-1,len(items)-11,-1):
print(items[i][1]+"\t"+str(items[i][0]))
def processLine(line,wordcounts):
line=replacePunctuations(line)

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words=line.split()
for word in words:
if word in wordcounts:
wordcounts[word]+=1
else:

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wordcounts[word]=1
def replacePunctuations(line):
for ch in line:
if ch in "~@#$%^&*()_-+=<>?/.,:;!{}[]''":
line=line.replace(ch," ")

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return line
main()


Ex. No. : 11

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Date:

FINDING MOST FREQUENT WORDS IN A TEXT READ FROM A FILE

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 33 of 42

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Output:


Enter a filename:a.txt

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Hi 1
How 1
Are 1
You 1

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the most frequent words in a text read from a file is
executed successfully and the output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 34 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program to simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame.
Algorithm:
1. Import the required packages

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2. Set up the colours for the elliptical orbits
3. Define the parameters to simulate elliptical orbits
4. Display the created orbits

Program:

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import math
import random
import pygame
class Particle ():
def __init__ (self, x, y, colour=0x000000):

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self.x = x
self.y = y
self.vx = 0
self.vy = 0
self.colour = colour

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def apply_gravity (self, target):
dsqd = (self.x - target.x) ** 2 + (self.y - target.y) ** 2
#g = G*m/dsqd * normalized (self - target)
if dsqd == 0:
return

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self.vx += -1 / dsqd * (self.x - target.x) / dsqd ** 0.5
self.vy += -1 / dsqd * (self.y - target.y) / dsqd ** 0.5
def update (self):
self.x += self.vx
self.y += self.vy

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pygame.init()
window = pygame.display.set_mode ((600, 400))
main_surface = pygame.Surface ((600, 400))
colours = [0x000000, 0x111111, 0x222222, 0x333333, 0x444444, 0x555555, 0x666666,
0x777777, 0x888888, 0x999999, 0xaaaaaa, 0xbbbbbb] + [0xFF0000, 0x00FF00, 0x0000FF,

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0xFFFF00, 0xFF00FF, 0x00FFFF, 0x888888, 0xFFFFFF, 0x808000, 0x008080, 0x800080,
0x800000]
#colours = [0xFF0000, 0x00FF00, 0x0000FF, 0xFFFF00, 0xFF00FF, 0x00FFFF, 0x888888,
Ex. No. : 12
Date:

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SIMULATE ELLIPTICAL ORBITS IN PYGAME

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0xFFFFFF, 0x808000, 0x008080, 0x800080, 0x800000]

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particles = [Particle (200, 100, colours [i]) for i in range (20)]
earth = Particle (200, 200)
for i, p in enumerate (particles):
p.vx = i / 100
while (True):

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# main_surface.fill(0x000000)
pygame.draw.circle (main_surface, 0x00FF00, (earth.x, earth.y), 5, 2)

for p in particles:
p.apply_gravity (earth)

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p.update ()
pygame.draw.circle (main_surface, p.colour, (int (p.x), int (p.y)), 5, 2)
window.blit(main_surface, (0, 0))
pygame.display.flip()

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 36 of 42
Output:

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to simulate elliptical orbits using Pygame is executed
successfully and the output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 37 of 42


Aim:
To write a Python program to bouncing ball in Pygame.

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Algorithm:
1. Import the required packages
2. Define the required variables
3. Define the screen space to display the bouncing balls in that space

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Program:
import sys
import pygame
pygame.init()

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size = width, height = 320, 240
speed = [2, 2]
black = 0, 0, 0

screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)

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ball = pygame.image.load('C:\\Users\\admin\\Desktop//ball.jpg')
ballrect = ball.get_rect()

while 1:

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for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT: sys.exit()

ballrect = ballrect.move(speed)
if ballrect.left < 0 or ballrect.right > width:

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speed[0] = -speed[0]
if ballrect.top < 0 or ballrect.bottom > height:
speed[1] = -speed[1]

screen.fill(black)

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screen.blit(ball, ballrect)
pygame.display.flip()

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Ex. No. : 13
Date:

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SIMULATE BOUNCING BALL USING PYGAME

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 38 of 42

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Output:

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to simulate bouncing ball using Pygame is executed
successfully and the output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 39 of 42
VIVAVOCE QUESTIONS:
1. What it the syntax of print function?
2. What is the usage of input function?
3. Define a variable.

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4. What is type conversion?
5. Mention the data types in Python
6. What are the attributes of the complex datatype?
7. Mention a few escape sequences.
8. Define an expression

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9. What is the usage of ** operator in Python?
10. Give the syntax of if else statement.
11. Give the syntax of for statement.
12. How is range function used in for?
13. Give the syntax of while statement.

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14. What are multi way if statements?
15. How is random numbers generated?
16. Define a function.
17. Give the syntax of function.
18. What are the types of arguments in function.?

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19. What is a recursive function?
20. What are anonymous functions?
21. What are default arguments?
22. What are variable length arguments?
23. What are keyword arguments?

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24. Mention the use of map().
25. Mention the use of filter().
26. Mention the use of reduce().
27. Define a string.
28. How is string slicing done?

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29. What is the usage of repetition operator?
30. How is string concatenation done using + operator>
31. Mention some string methods
32. How is length of a string found?
33. How is a string converted to its upper case?

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34. `Differentiate isalpha() and isdigit().
35. What is the use of split()?
36. Define a file.
37. Give the syntax for opening a file.
38. Give the syntax for closing a file.

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39. How is reading of file done?
40. How is writing of file done?
41. What is a list?
42. Lists are mutable-Justify.
43. How is a list created?

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44. How can a list be sorted?
45. How are elements appended to the list?
46. How is insert() used in list?
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

?

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


I SEMESTER - R 2017

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GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price

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tag on heart and soul

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VISION

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MISSION

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

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2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS

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To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications

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d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as

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economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

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To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)

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4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers

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9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

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Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES

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COURSE OBJECTIVES

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.

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1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)

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09
3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4

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Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13
5(a)
Linear search
15

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5(b)
Binary search
17
6(a)
Selection sort

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19
6(b)
Insertion sort
21
7

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Merge sort
23
8
First n prime numbers
26

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9
Multiply matrices
28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)

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30
11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12

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Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

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Algorithm:

1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1

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Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):

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if x > y:
smaller = y
else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):

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if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

return gcd

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num1 = 54
num2 = 24

# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))

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# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01
Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :


The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 9 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().

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2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

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Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n

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better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

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print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02
Date:

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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FirstRanker Page 10 of 42
Output:

The square root is 9

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Result:

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Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.


FirstRanker Page 11 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

Program:
def power(base,exp):

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if(exp==1):
return(base)
if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))

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exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

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EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

FirstRanker Page 12 of 42
Output:
Enter base: 7

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Enter exponential value: 2
Result:49

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully

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and the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 13 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Read the elements of the list until n
4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

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Program:
l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):

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a=int(input("enter the numbers"))
l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:

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maxno=l[i]
print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :

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04
Date:

FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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FirstRanker Page 14 of 42
Output:
Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6
Enter the numbers 9

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Enter the numbers 90
The maximum number is 90

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Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

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FirstRanker Page 15 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search
Algorithm:

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1. Read n elements into the list
2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list
Program:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

def search(alist,item):
pos=0
found=False
stop=False
while pos if alist[pos]==item:

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found=True
print("element found in position",pos)
else:
if alist[pos]>item:
stop=True

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else:
pos=pos+1
return found
a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))

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for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
search(a,x)

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Ex. No. : 5(a)
Date:

LINEAR SEARCH

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FirstRanker Page 16 of 42

Output:
Enter upper limit 5
Enter the elements 6

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Enter the elements 45
Enter the elements 2
Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26
Enter element to search 6

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Element found in position 1

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output
is verified.

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FirstRanker Page 17 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform binary search.
Algorithm:
1. Read the search element

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2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare the search element with the middle element
i. if both are matching, print element found
ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element
4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the

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left sublist of the middle element
5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
right sublist of the middle element
6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list
7. If element is not found, loop terminates

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Program:
def bsearch(alist,item):
first=0
last=len(alist)-1

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found=False
while first<=last and not found:
mid=(first+last)//2
if alist[mid]==item:
found=True

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print("element found in position",mid)
else:
if item last=mid-1
EX. No. : 5(b)
Date:

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BINARY SEARCH

FirstRanker Page 18 of 42
else:

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first=mid+mid-1
return found

a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))

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for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
bsearch(a,x)

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Output:
enter upper limit 6
enter the elements 2
enter the elements 3

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enter the elements 5
enter the elements 7
enter the elements 14
enter the elements 25
enter element to search 5

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element found in position 2


Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is verified

FirstRanker Page 19 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named selectionsort
2. Initialise pos=0
3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,

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4. Set pos=location
5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]
6. Print the sorted list
Program:
def selectionSort(alist):

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for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):
pos=0
for location in range(1,i+1):
if alist[location]>alist[pos]:
pos= location

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temp = alist[i]
alist[i] = alist[pos]
alist[pos] = temp

alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]

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selectionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(a)
Date:

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SELECTION SORT

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Output:

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[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform selection sort is successfully executed and the
output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 21 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform insertion sort.

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Algorithm:
1. Create a function named insertionsort
2. Initialise currentvalue=alist[index] and position=index
3. while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue, perform the following till len(alist)
4. alist[position]=alist[position-1]

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5. position = position-1
6. alist[position]=currentvalue
7. Print the sorted list

Program:

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def insertionSort(alist):
for index in range(1,len(alist)):
currentvalue = alist[index]
position = index
while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:

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alist[position]=alist[position-1]
position = position-1
alist[position]=currentvalue
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
insertionSort(alist)

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print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(b)
Date:

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INSERTION SORT


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 22 of 42
Output:

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[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform insertion sort is successfully executed and the output

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is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 23 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python Program to perform Merge sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named mergesort
2. Find the mid of the list
3. Assign lefthalf = alist[:mid] and righthalf = alist[mid:]

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4. Initialise i=j=k=0
5. while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf), perform the following
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i

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else
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k
6. while i < len(lefthalf),perform the following

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alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i
Increment k
7. while j < len(righthalf), perform the following
alist[k]=righthalf[j]

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Increment j
Increment k
8. Print the sorted list

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Ex. No. : 7
Date:

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MERGE SORT


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 24 of 42

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Program:
def mergeSort(alist):
# print("Splitting ",alist)
if len(alist)>1:
mid = len(alist)//2

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lefthalf = alist[:mid]
righthalf = alist[mid:]
mergeSort(lefthalf)
mergeSort(righthalf)
i=j=k=0

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while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf):
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
else:

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alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1
k=k+1
while i < len(lefthalf):
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]

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i=i+1
k=k+1
while j < len(righthalf):
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1

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k=k+1
#print("Merging ",alist)
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
mergeSort(alist)
print(alist)

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 25 of 42
Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform merge sort is successfully executed and the output is
verifie

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 26 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to find first n prime numbers.

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Algorithm:
1. Read the value of n
2. for num in range(0,n + 1), perform the following
3. if num%i is 0 then break

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else print the value of num
4. Repeat step 3 for i in range(2,num)

Program:

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n = int(input("Enter the upper limit: "))

print("Prime numbers are")

for num in range(0,n + 1):

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# prime numbers are greater than 1
if num > 1:
for i in range(2,num):
if (num % i) == 0:
break

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else:
print(num)

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Ex. No. : 8
Date:

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FIRST N PRIME NUMBERS


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 27 of 42
Output:

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Enter the upper limit:100
Prime numbers are
2
3
5

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7
11
13
17
19

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23
29
31
37
41

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43
47
53
59
61

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67
71
73
79
83

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89
97

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to find the first n prime numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 28 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to multiply matrices.

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Algorithm:
1. Define two matrices X and Y
2. Create a resultant matrix named ?result ?
3. for i in range(len(X)):
i. for j in range(len(Y[0])):

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a) for k in range(len(Y))
b) result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
4. for r in result, print the value of r

Program:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

X = [[12,7,3],
[4 ,5,6],
[7 ,8,9]]
Y = [[5,8,1,2],

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[6,7,3,0],
[4,5,9,1]]
result = [[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0]]

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

for i in range(len(X)):
for j in range(len(Y[0])):
for k in range(len(Y)):
result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
for r in result:

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print(r)

Ex. No. : 9
Date:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MATRIX MULTIPLICATION


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 29 of 42
Output:

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[114, 160, 60, 27]
[74, 97, 73, 14]
[119, 157, 112, 23]

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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Result:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thus the Python program to multiply matrices is executed successfully and the output is
verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 30 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program for command line arguments.
Algorithm:
1. Add arguments to find the words and lines
2. Add the filename as argument

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3. Parse the arguments to get the values
4. Format and print the words and lines

Program:
parser=argparse.ArgumentParser()

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parser.add_argument('--words','-w',action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('--lines','-l',action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('filename')
args=parser.parse_args()
if args.words:

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print("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))
elif args.lines:
print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))
else:
print ("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))

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print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))

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Ex. No. :10

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Date:

COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS(WORD COUNT)

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 31 of 42

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Output:


python main.py ?i input.txt
words 23

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lines 1

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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Result:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thus the Python program for command line arguments is executed successfully and the output is
verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 32 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a Python program to find the most frequent words in a text read from a file.
Algorithm:
1. Read the filename
2. Open the file in read mode

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3. Read each line from the file to count the lowers and words
4. Read each line from the file to replace the punctuations
5. Split each line into words and count them
6. Print the words and counts

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Program:
def main():
filename=raw_input("enter the file").strip()
infile=open(filename,"r")
wordcounts={}

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for line in infile:
processLine(line.lower(),wordcounts)
pairs=list(wordcounts.items())
items=[[x,y] for (y,x) in pairs]
items.sort()

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

for i in range(len(items)-1,len(items)-11,-1):
print(items[i][1]+"\t"+str(items[i][0]))
def processLine(line,wordcounts):
line=replacePunctuations(line)
words=line.split()

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for word in words:
if word in wordcounts:
wordcounts[word]+=1
else:
wordcounts[word]=1

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def replacePunctuations(line):
for ch in line:
if ch in "~@#$%^&*()_-+=<>?/.,:;!{}[]''":
line=line.replace(ch," ")
return line

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

main()


Ex. No. : 11
Date:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FINDING MOST FREQUENT WORDS IN A TEXT READ FROM A FILE

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 33 of 42
Output:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter a filename:a.txt

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Hi 1
How 1
Are 1
You 1

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thus the Python program to find the most frequent words in a text read from a file is
executed successfully and the output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 34 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a Python program to simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame.
Algorithm:
1. Import the required packages
2. Set up the colours for the elliptical orbits

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Define the parameters to simulate elliptical orbits
4. Display the created orbits

Program:
import math

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

import random
import pygame
class Particle ():
def __init__ (self, x, y, colour=0x000000):
self.x = x

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

self.y = y
self.vx = 0
self.vy = 0
self.colour = colour
def apply_gravity (self, target):

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dsqd = (self.x - target.x) ** 2 + (self.y - target.y) ** 2
#g = G*m/dsqd * normalized (self - target)
if dsqd == 0:
return
self.vx += -1 / dsqd * (self.x - target.x) / dsqd ** 0.5

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

self.vy += -1 / dsqd * (self.y - target.y) / dsqd ** 0.5
def update (self):
self.x += self.vx
self.y += self.vy
pygame.init()

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

window = pygame.display.set_mode ((600, 400))
main_surface = pygame.Surface ((600, 400))
colours = [0x000000, 0x111111, 0x222222, 0x333333, 0x444444, 0x555555, 0x666666,
0x777777, 0x888888, 0x999999, 0xaaaaaa, 0xbbbbbb] + [0xFF0000, 0x00FF00, 0x0000FF,
0xFFFF00, 0xFF00FF, 0x00FFFF, 0x888888, 0xFFFFFF, 0x808000, 0x008080, 0x800080,

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0x800000]
#colours = [0xFF0000, 0x00FF00, 0x0000FF, 0xFFFF00, 0xFF00FF, 0x00FFFF, 0x888888,
Ex. No. : 12
Date:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

SIMULATE ELLIPTICAL ORBITS IN PYGAME

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 35 of 42
0xFFFFFF, 0x808000, 0x008080, 0x800080, 0x800000]
particles = [Particle (200, 100, colours [i]) for i in range (20)]

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

earth = Particle (200, 200)
for i, p in enumerate (particles):
p.vx = i / 100
while (True):
# main_surface.fill(0x000000)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

pygame.draw.circle (main_surface, 0x00FF00, (earth.x, earth.y), 5, 2)

for p in particles:
p.apply_gravity (earth)
p.update ()

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

pygame.draw.circle (main_surface, p.colour, (int (p.x), int (p.y)), 5, 2)
window.blit(main_surface, (0, 0))
pygame.display.flip()

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 36 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Output:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the Python Program to simulate elliptical orbits using Pygame is executed
successfully and the output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 37 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a Python program to bouncing ball in Pygame.
Algorithm:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Import the required packages
2. Define the required variables
3. Define the screen space to display the bouncing balls in that space

Program:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

import sys
import pygame
pygame.init()

size = width, height = 320, 240

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speed = [2, 2]
black = 0, 0, 0

screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)

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ball = pygame.image.load('C:\\Users\\admin\\Desktop//ball.jpg')
ballrect = ball.get_rect()

while 1:
for event in pygame.event.get():

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

if event.type == pygame.QUIT: sys.exit()

ballrect = ballrect.move(speed)
if ballrect.left < 0 or ballrect.right > width:
speed[0] = -speed[0]

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if ballrect.top < 0 or ballrect.bottom > height:
speed[1] = -speed[1]

screen.fill(black)
screen.blit(ball, ballrect)

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pygame.display.flip()

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Ex. No. : 13
Date:

SIMULATE BOUNCING BALL USING PYGAME

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 38 of 42


Output:

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Result:

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Thus the Python Program to simulate bouncing ball using Pygame is executed
successfully and the output is verified.


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 39 of 42

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VIVAVOCE QUESTIONS:
1. What it the syntax of print function?
2. What is the usage of input function?
3. Define a variable.
4. What is type conversion?

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5. Mention the data types in Python
6. What are the attributes of the complex datatype?
7. Mention a few escape sequences.
8. Define an expression
9. What is the usage of ** operator in Python?

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10. Give the syntax of if else statement.
11. Give the syntax of for statement.
12. How is range function used in for?
13. Give the syntax of while statement.
14. What are multi way if statements?

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15. How is random numbers generated?
16. Define a function.
17. Give the syntax of function.
18. What are the types of arguments in function.?
19. What is a recursive function?

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20. What are anonymous functions?
21. What are default arguments?
22. What are variable length arguments?
23. What are keyword arguments?
24. Mention the use of map().

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25. Mention the use of filter().
26. Mention the use of reduce().
27. Define a string.
28. How is string slicing done?
29. What is the usage of repetition operator?

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30. How is string concatenation done using + operator>
31. Mention some string methods
32. How is length of a string found?
33. How is a string converted to its upper case?
34. `Differentiate isalpha() and isdigit().

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35. What is the use of split()?
36. Define a file.
37. Give the syntax for opening a file.
38. Give the syntax for closing a file.
39. How is reading of file done?

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40. How is writing of file done?
41. What is a list?
42. Lists are mutable-Justify.
43. How is a list created?
44. How can a list be sorted?

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45. How are elements appended to the list?
46. How is insert() used in list?

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 40 of 42
47. What is the usage of pop() in list?

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48. Define a tuple.
49. Are tuples mutable or immutable?
50. Mention the use of return statement.
51. What is a Boolean function?
52. How is main function defined?

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53. What is a dictionary?
54. How are tuples created?
55. How is a dictionary created?
56. How to print the keys of a dictionary?
57. How to print the values of a dictionary?

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58. How is del statement used?
59. Can tuple elements be deleted?
60. What is Python interpreter?
61. Why is Python called an interpreted language?
62. Mention some features of Python

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63. What is Python IDLE?
64. Mention some rules for naming an identifier in Python.
65. Give points about Python Numbers.
66. What is bool datatype?
67. Give examples of mathematical functions.

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68. What is string formatting operator?
69. Mention about membership operators inPython.
70. How is expression evaluated in Python?
71. What are the loop control statements in Python?
72. What is the use of break statement?

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73. What is the use of continue statement?
74. What is the use of pass statement?
75. What is assert statement?
76. Differentiate fruitful function s and void functions.
77. What are required arguments ?

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78. Differentiate pass by value and pass by reference.
79. Mention few advantages of function.
80. How is lambda function used?
81. What is a local variable?
82. What are global variables?

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83. What are Python decorators?
84. Are strings mutable or immutable?
85. What is join()?
86. What is replace() method?
87. What is list comprehension?

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88. Define multidimensional list.
89. How to create lists using range()?
90. What is swapcase() method?
91. What is linear search?
92. How is binary search done?

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

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?



DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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I SEMESTER - R 2017

GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING

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LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________

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Section : _______________________________________


LABORATORY MANUAL

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

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? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price
tag on heart and soul

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VISION
MISSION

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES


1. FUNDAMENTALS

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To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to

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identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to

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design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS
To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable

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them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer

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Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field

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b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications
d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT

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tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as
economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to

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convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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FirstRanker Page 5 of 42
GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

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To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.

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Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)
4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search

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6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers
9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)

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11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.

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Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.
1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.

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07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
09
3

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Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4
Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13

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5(a)
Linear search
15
5(b)
Binary search

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17
6(a)
Selection sort
19
6(b)

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Insertion sort
21
7
Merge sort
23

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8
First n prime numbers
26
9
Multiply matrices

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28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
30
11

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Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12
Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34

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13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1
Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd

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Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):
if x > y:
smaller = y

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else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

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return gcd

num1 = 54
num2 = 24

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# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

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print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01
Date:

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GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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Sample output :

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The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and

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the output is verified.

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Aim:

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To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().
2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,

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i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

Program:

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def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:

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approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02

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Date:

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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Output:

The square root is 9

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Result:
Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.

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Aim:

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To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

Algorithm:

1. Define a function named power()

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2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base
ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

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Program:
def power(base,exp):
if(exp==1):
return(base)

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if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))
exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

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Output:
Enter base: 7
Enter exponential value: 2
Result:49

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully
and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.

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Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n
3. Read the elements of the list until n
4. Assign l[0] as maxno

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5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

Program:

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l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
a=int(input("enter the numbers"))
l.append(a)

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maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:
maxno=l[i]
print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :
04
Date:

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FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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Output:

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Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6
Enter the numbers 9
Enter the numbers 90
The maximum number is 90

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Result:

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Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search
Algorithm:
1. Read n elements into the list
2. Read the element to be searched

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3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list
Program:
def search(alist,item):
pos=0

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found=False
stop=False
while pos if alist[pos]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",pos)

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else:
if alist[pos]>item:
stop=True
else:
pos=pos+1

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return found
a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))

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a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
search(a,x)
Ex. No. : 5(a)
Date:

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LINEAR SEARCH

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Output:
Enter upper limit 5
Enter the elements 6
Enter the elements 45
Enter the elements 2

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Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26
Enter element to search 6
Element found in position 1

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output
is verified.

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Aim:

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To write a Python Program to perform binary search.
Algorithm:
1. Read the search element
2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare the search element with the middle element

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i. if both are matching, print element found
ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element
4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
left sublist of the middle element
5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the

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right sublist of the middle element
6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list
7. If element is not found, loop terminates

Program:

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def bsearch(alist,item):
first=0
last=len(alist)-1
found=False
while first<=last and not found:

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mid=(first+last)//2
if alist[mid]==item:
found=True
print("element found in position",mid)
else:

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if item last=mid-1
EX. No. : 5(b)
Date:

BINARY SEARCH

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else:
first=mid+mid-1
return found

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a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))

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a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
bsearch(a,x)

Output:

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enter upper limit 6
enter the elements 2
enter the elements 3
enter the elements 5
enter the elements 7

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enter the elements 14
enter the elements 25
enter element to search 5
element found in position 2

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output
is verified

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.
Algorithm:

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1. Create a function named selectionsort
2. Initialise pos=0
3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,
4. Set pos=location
5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]

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6. Print the sorted list
Program:
def selectionSort(alist):
for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):
pos=0

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for location in range(1,i+1):
if alist[location]>alist[pos]:
pos= location
temp = alist[i]
alist[i] = alist[pos]

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alist[pos] = temp

alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
selectionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(a)
Date:

SELECTION SORT

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Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform selection sort is successfully executed and the
output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 21 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform insertion sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named insertionsort

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2. Initialise currentvalue=alist[index] and position=index
3. while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue, perform the following till len(alist)
4. alist[position]=alist[position-1]
5. position = position-1
6. alist[position]=currentvalue

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7. Print the sorted list

Program:
def insertionSort(alist):
for index in range(1,len(alist)):

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currentvalue = alist[index]
position = index
while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:
alist[position]=alist[position-1]
position = position-1

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alist[position]=currentvalue
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
insertionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(b)
Date:

INSERTION SORT

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 22 of 42
Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform insertion sort is successfully executed and the output
is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 23 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Merge sort.
Algorithm:

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1. Create a function named mergesort
2. Find the mid of the list
3. Assign lefthalf = alist[:mid] and righthalf = alist[mid:]
4. Initialise i=j=k=0
5. while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf), perform the following

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if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i
else
alist[k]=righthalf[j]

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Increment j
Increment k
6. while i < len(lefthalf),perform the following
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i

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Increment k
7. while j < len(righthalf), perform the following
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k

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8. Print the sorted list

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Ex. No. : 7
Date:

MERGE SORT

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 24 of 42
Program:
def mergeSort(alist):

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# print("Splitting ",alist)
if len(alist)>1:
mid = len(alist)//2
lefthalf = alist[:mid]
righthalf = alist[mid:]

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mergeSort(lefthalf)
mergeSort(righthalf)
i=j=k=0
while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf):
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:

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alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
else:
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1

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k=k+1
while i < len(lefthalf):
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
k=k+1

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while j < len(righthalf):
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1
k=k+1
#print("Merging ",alist)

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alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
mergeSort(alist)
print(alist)

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 25 of 42
Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform merge sort is successfully executed and the output is
verifie

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 26 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find first n prime numbers.

Algorithm:

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1. Read the value of n
2. for num in range(0,n + 1), perform the following
3. if num%i is 0 then break
else print the value of num
4. Repeat step 3 for i in range(2,num)

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Program:

n = int(input("Enter the upper limit: "))

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print("Prime numbers are")

for num in range(0,n + 1):
# prime numbers are greater than 1
if num > 1:

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for i in range(2,num):
if (num % i) == 0:
break
else:
print(num)

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Ex. No. : 8
Date:

FIRST N PRIME NUMBERS

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 27 of 42
Output:
Enter the upper limit:100
Prime numbers are

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2
3
5
7
11

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13
17
19
23
29

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31
37
41
43
47

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53
59
61
67
71

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73
79
83
89
97

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to find the first n prime numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 28 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program to multiply matrices.
Algorithm:
1. Define two matrices X and Y

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2. Create a resultant matrix named ?result ?
3. for i in range(len(X)):
i. for j in range(len(Y[0])):
a) for k in range(len(Y))
b) result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]

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4. for r in result, print the value of r

Program:

X = [[12,7,3],

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[4 ,5,6],
[7 ,8,9]]
Y = [[5,8,1,2],
[6,7,3,0],
[4,5,9,1]]

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result = [[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0]]
for i in range(len(X)):
for j in range(len(Y[0])):

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for k in range(len(Y)):
result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
for r in result:
print(r)

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Ex. No. : 9
Date:

MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 29 of 42
Output:

[114, 160, 60, 27]

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[74, 97, 73, 14]
[119, 157, 112, 23]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to multiply matrices is executed successfully and the output is
verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 30 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program for command line arguments.

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Algorithm:
1. Add arguments to find the words and lines
2. Add the filename as argument
3. Parse the arguments to get the values
4. Format and print the words and lines

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Program:
parser=argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--words','-w',action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('--lines','-l',action='store_true')

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parser.add_argument('filename')
args=parser.parse_args()
if args.words:
print("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))
elif args.lines:

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print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))
else:
print ("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))
print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))

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Ex. No. :10
Date:

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COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS(WORD COUNT)

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Output:

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python main.py ?i input.txt
words 23
lines 1

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Result:
Thus the Python program for command line arguments is executed successfully and the output is
verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 32 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to find the most frequent words in a text read from a file.

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Algorithm:
1. Read the filename
2. Open the file in read mode
3. Read each line from the file to count the lowers and words
4. Read each line from the file to replace the punctuations

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5. Split each line into words and count them
6. Print the words and counts

Program:
def main():

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filename=raw_input("enter the file").strip()
infile=open(filename,"r")
wordcounts={}
for line in infile:
processLine(line.lower(),wordcounts)

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pairs=list(wordcounts.items())
items=[[x,y] for (y,x) in pairs]
items.sort()
for i in range(len(items)-1,len(items)-11,-1):
print(items[i][1]+"\t"+str(items[i][0]))

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def processLine(line,wordcounts):
line=replacePunctuations(line)
words=line.split()
for word in words:
if word in wordcounts:

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wordcounts[word]+=1
else:
wordcounts[word]=1
def replacePunctuations(line):
for ch in line:

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if ch in "~@#$%^&*()_-+=<>?/.,:;!{}[]''":
line=line.replace(ch," ")
return line
main()

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Ex. No. : 11
Date:

FINDING MOST FREQUENT WORDS IN A TEXT READ FROM A FILE

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Output:

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Enter a filename:a.txt


Hi 1
How 1

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Are 1
You 1

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the most frequent words in a text read from a file is
executed successfully and the output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 34 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame.

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Algorithm:
1. Import the required packages
2. Set up the colours for the elliptical orbits
3. Define the parameters to simulate elliptical orbits
4. Display the created orbits

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Program:
import math
import random
import pygame

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class Particle ():
def __init__ (self, x, y, colour=0x000000):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.vx = 0

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self.vy = 0
self.colour = colour
def apply_gravity (self, target):
dsqd = (self.x - target.x) ** 2 + (self.y - target.y) ** 2
#g = G*m/dsqd * normalized (self - target)

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if dsqd == 0:
return
self.vx += -1 / dsqd * (self.x - target.x) / dsqd ** 0.5
self.vy += -1 / dsqd * (self.y - target.y) / dsqd ** 0.5
def update (self):

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self.x += self.vx
self.y += self.vy
pygame.init()
window = pygame.display.set_mode ((600, 400))
main_surface = pygame.Surface ((600, 400))

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colours = [0x000000, 0x111111, 0x222222, 0x333333, 0x444444, 0x555555, 0x666666,
0x777777, 0x888888, 0x999999, 0xaaaaaa, 0xbbbbbb] + [0xFF0000, 0x00FF00, 0x0000FF,
0xFFFF00, 0xFF00FF, 0x00FFFF, 0x888888, 0xFFFFFF, 0x808000, 0x008080, 0x800080,
0x800000]
#colours = [0xFF0000, 0x00FF00, 0x0000FF, 0xFFFF00, 0xFF00FF, 0x00FFFF, 0x888888,

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Ex. No. : 12
Date:

SIMULATE ELLIPTICAL ORBITS IN PYGAME

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0xFFFFFF, 0x808000, 0x008080, 0x800080, 0x800000]
particles = [Particle (200, 100, colours [i]) for i in range (20)]
earth = Particle (200, 200)
for i, p in enumerate (particles):

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p.vx = i / 100
while (True):
# main_surface.fill(0x000000)
pygame.draw.circle (main_surface, 0x00FF00, (earth.x, earth.y), 5, 2)

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for p in particles:
p.apply_gravity (earth)
p.update ()
pygame.draw.circle (main_surface, p.colour, (int (p.x), int (p.y)), 5, 2)
window.blit(main_surface, (0, 0))

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pygame.display.flip()

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 36 of 42
Output:

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to simulate elliptical orbits using Pygame is executed

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successfully and the output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 37 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program to bouncing ball in Pygame.
Algorithm:
1. Import the required packages
2. Define the required variables

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3. Define the screen space to display the bouncing balls in that space

Program:
import sys
import pygame

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pygame.init()

size = width, height = 320, 240
speed = [2, 2]
black = 0, 0, 0

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screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)

ball = pygame.image.load('C:\\Users\\admin\\Desktop//ball.jpg')
ballrect = ball.get_rect()

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while 1:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT: sys.exit()

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ballrect = ballrect.move(speed)
if ballrect.left < 0 or ballrect.right > width:
speed[0] = -speed[0]
if ballrect.top < 0 or ballrect.bottom > height:
speed[1] = -speed[1]

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screen.fill(black)
screen.blit(ball, ballrect)
pygame.display.flip()

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Ex. No. : 13

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Date:

SIMULATE BOUNCING BALL USING PYGAME

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 38 of 42

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Output:

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to simulate bouncing ball using Pygame is executed
successfully and the output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 39 of 42
VIVAVOCE QUESTIONS:
1. What it the syntax of print function?

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2. What is the usage of input function?
3. Define a variable.
4. What is type conversion?
5. Mention the data types in Python
6. What are the attributes of the complex datatype?

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7. Mention a few escape sequences.
8. Define an expression
9. What is the usage of ** operator in Python?
10. Give the syntax of if else statement.
11. Give the syntax of for statement.

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12. How is range function used in for?
13. Give the syntax of while statement.
14. What are multi way if statements?
15. How is random numbers generated?
16. Define a function.

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17. Give the syntax of function.
18. What are the types of arguments in function.?
19. What is a recursive function?
20. What are anonymous functions?
21. What are default arguments?

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22. What are variable length arguments?
23. What are keyword arguments?
24. Mention the use of map().
25. Mention the use of filter().
26. Mention the use of reduce().

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27. Define a string.
28. How is string slicing done?
29. What is the usage of repetition operator?
30. How is string concatenation done using + operator>
31. Mention some string methods

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32. How is length of a string found?
33. How is a string converted to its upper case?
34. `Differentiate isalpha() and isdigit().
35. What is the use of split()?
36. Define a file.

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37. Give the syntax for opening a file.
38. Give the syntax for closing a file.
39. How is reading of file done?
40. How is writing of file done?
41. What is a list?

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42. Lists are mutable-Justify.
43. How is a list created?
44. How can a list be sorted?
45. How are elements appended to the list?
46. How is insert() used in list?

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 40 of 42
47. What is the usage of pop() in list?
48. Define a tuple.
49. Are tuples mutable or immutable?

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50. Mention the use of return statement.
51. What is a Boolean function?
52. How is main function defined?
53. What is a dictionary?
54. How are tuples created?

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55. How is a dictionary created?
56. How to print the keys of a dictionary?
57. How to print the values of a dictionary?
58. How is del statement used?
59. Can tuple elements be deleted?

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60. What is Python interpreter?
61. Why is Python called an interpreted language?
62. Mention some features of Python
63. What is Python IDLE?
64. Mention some rules for naming an identifier in Python.

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65. Give points about Python Numbers.
66. What is bool datatype?
67. Give examples of mathematical functions.
68. What is string formatting operator?
69. Mention about membership operators inPython.

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70. How is expression evaluated in Python?
71. What are the loop control statements in Python?
72. What is the use of break statement?
73. What is the use of continue statement?
74. What is the use of pass statement?

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75. What is assert statement?
76. Differentiate fruitful function s and void functions.
77. What are required arguments ?
78. Differentiate pass by value and pass by reference.
79. Mention few advantages of function.

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80. How is lambda function used?
81. What is a local variable?
82. What are global variables?
83. What are Python decorators?
84. Are strings mutable or immutable?

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85. What is join()?
86. What is replace() method?
87. What is list comprehension?
88. Define multidimensional list.
89. How to create lists using range()?

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90. What is swapcase() method?
91. What is linear search?
92. How is binary search done?

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 41 of 42
93. How is merge sort performed?
94. What is sorting?
95. How is insertion sort done?
96. How is selection sort done?

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97. What are command line arguments?
98. Name some built in functions with dictionary.
99. What is an exception?
100. How is exception handled in python?

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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FirstRanker Page 1 of 42

?

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING


I SEMESTER - R 2017

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GE8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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Name : _______________________________________
Register No : _______________________________________
Section : _______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, c onscientious and
enterprising professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education
and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at
different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price

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tag on heart and soul

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VISION

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MISSION

FirstRanker Page 3 of 42
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

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1. FUNDAMENTALS
To impart students with fundamental knowledge in Mathematics, Science and
fundamentals of engineering that will mould them to be successful professionals

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2. CORE COMPETENCE
To provide students with sound knowledge in engineering and experimental skills to
identify complex software problems in industry and to develop practical solutions for them

3. BREADTH

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice
this enables them to find solutions for real time problems in industry and organization, and to
design products requiring interdisciplinary skills

4. PROFESSIONALISM SKILLS

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To bestow students with adequate training and provide opportunities to work as team that
will build up their communication skills, individual leadership and supportive qualities, and to enable
them to adapt and work in ever changing technologies

5. LIFELONG LEARNING

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To develop the ability of students to establish themselves as professionals in Computer
Science and Engineering and to create awareness about the need for lifelong learning and
pursuing advanced degrees

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PROGRAM OUTCOMES

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a) To apply the basic knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Computer Science and Engineering field
b) To design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data and apply the
same in the career
c) To design and develop innovative and creative software applications

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d) To understand a complex real world problem and develop an efficient practical solution
e) To create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering and IT
tools
f) To understand their roles as a professionals and give the best to the society
g) To develop a system that will meet expected needs within realistic constraints such as

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economical, environmental, social, political, ethical, safe and sustainable
h) To communicate effectively and make others understand exactly what they are trying to
convey in both verbal and written forms
i) To work in a team as team member or a leader and make unique contributions and work with
coordination

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To develop and manage projects in multidisciplinary environments

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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(Common to all branches of B.E. / B.Tech Programmes)
SYLLABUS

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To write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
To implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Use functions for structuring Python programs.
Represent compound data using Python lists, tuples, dictionaries.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.Compute the GCD of two numbers.
2. Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)
3. Exponentiation (power of a number)

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4. Find the maximum of a list of numbers
5. Linear search and Binary search
6. Selection sort, Insertion sort
7. Merge sort
8. First n prime numbers

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9. Multiply matrices
10. Programs that take command line arguments (word count)
11. Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
12. Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
13.Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame

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Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

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Write, test, and debug simple Python programs.
Implement Python programs with conditionals and loops.
Develop Python programs step-wise by defining functions and calling them.
Use Python lists, tuples, dictionaries for representing compound data.
Read and write data from/to files in Python.

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COURSE OUTCOMES

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COURSE OBJECTIVES

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GE 8161 ? PROBLEM SOLVING AND PYTHON PROGRAMMING
LABORATORY

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CONTENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiment
Page
No.

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1
Compute the GCD of two numbers.
07
2
Find the square root of a number (Newton ?s method)

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09
3
Exponentiation (power of a number)
11
4

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Find the maximum of a list of numbers
13
5(a)
Linear search
15

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5(b)
Binary search
17
6(a)
Selection sort

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19
6(b)
Insertion sort
21
7

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Merge sort
23
8
First n prime numbers
26

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9
Multiply matrices
28
10
Programs that take command line arguments (word count)

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30
11
Find the most frequent words in a text read from a file
32
12

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Simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame
34
13
Simulate bouncing ball in Pygame
37

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find GCD of two numbers.

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Algorithm:

1. Define a function named computeGCD()
2. Find the smallest among the two inputs x and y
3. Perform the following step till smaller+1

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Check if ((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)), then assign GCD=i
4. Print the value of gcd
Program:

def computeGCD(x, y):

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if x > y:
smaller = y
else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):

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if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
gcd = i

return gcd

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num1 = 54
num2 = 24

# take input from the user
# num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))

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# num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))

print("The GCD. of", num1,"and", num2,"is", computeGCD(num1, num2))

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Ex. No. :01
Date:

GCD OF TWO NUMBERS

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FirstRanker Page 8 of 42
Sample output :


The GCD of 54 and 24 is 6

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Result:
Thus the Python program to compute GCD of two numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 9 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the square root of a number by Newton ?s Method.
Algorithm:
1. Define a function named newtonSqrt().

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2. Initialize approx as 0.5*n and better as 0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
3. Use a while loop with a condition better!=approx to perform the following,
i. Set approx.=better
ii. Better=0.5*(approx.+n/approx.)
4. Print the value of approx

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Program:

def newtonSqrt(n):
approx = 0.5 * n

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better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
while better != approx:
approx = better
better = 0.5 * (approx + n/approx)
return approx

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print('The square root is' ,newtonSqrt(81))

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Ex. No. :02
Date:

SQUARE ROOT OF A NUMBER

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FirstRanker Page 10 of 42
Output:

The square root is 9

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Result:

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Thus the Python program for finding the square root of a given number by Newton ?s
Method is executed successfully and the output is verified.


FirstRanker Page 11 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find the exponentiation of a number.

Algorithm:

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1. Define a function named power()
2. Read the values of base and exp
3. Use ?if ? to check if exp is equal to 1 or not
i. if exp is equal to 1, then return base

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ii.if exp is not equal to 1, then return (base*power(base,exp-1))
4. Print the result

Program:
def power(base,exp):

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if(exp==1):
return(base)
if(exp!=1):
return(base*power(base,exp-1))
base=int(input("Enter base: "))

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exp=int(input("Enter exponential value: "))
print("Result:",power(base,exp))

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Ex. No. : 03
Date:

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EXPONENTIATION OF A NUMBER

FirstRanker Page 12 of 42
Output:
Enter base: 7

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Enter exponential value: 2
Result:49

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Result:
Thus the Python program to find the exponentiation of a number is executed successfully

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and the output is verified.

FirstRanker Page 13 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to find the maximum from a list of numbers.
Algorithm:
1. Create an empty list named l
2. Read the value of n

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3. Read the elements of the list until n
4. Assign l[0] as maxno
5. If l[i]>maxno then set maxno=l[i]
6. Increment i by 1
7. Repeat steps 5-6 until i8. Print the value of maximum number

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Program:
l=[]
n=int(input("enter the upper limit"))
for i in range(0,n):

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a=int(input("enter the numbers"))
l.append(a)
maxno=l[0]
for i in range(0,len(l)):
if l[i]>maxno:

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maxno=l[i]
print("The maximum number is %d"%maxno)

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Ex. No. :

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04
Date:

FINDING MAXIMUM FROM A LIST OF NUMBERS

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FirstRanker Page 14 of 42
Output:
Enter the upper limt 3
Enter the numbers 6
Enter the numbers 9

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Enter the numbers 90
The maximum number is 90

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Result:
Thus a Python Program to find the maximum from the given list of numbers is successfully
executed and the output is verified.

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FirstRanker Page 15 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform Linear Search
Algorithm:

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1. Read n elements into the list
2. Read the element to be searched
3. If alist[pos]==item, then print the position of the item
4. Else increment the position and repeat step 3 until pos reaches the length of the list
Program:

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def search(alist,item):
pos=0
found=False
stop=False
while pos if alist[pos]==item:

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found=True
print("element found in position",pos)
else:
if alist[pos]>item:
stop=True

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else:
pos=pos+1
return found
a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))

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for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
search(a,x)

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Ex. No. : 5(a)
Date:

LINEAR SEARCH

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FirstRanker Page 16 of 42

Output:
Enter upper limit 5
Enter the elements 6

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Enter the elements 45
Enter the elements 2
Enter the elements 61
Enter the elements 26
Enter element to search 6

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Element found in position 1

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform linear search is executed successfully and the output
is verified.

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FirstRanker Page 17 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform binary search.
Algorithm:
1. Read the search element

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2. Find the middle element in the sorted list
3. Compare the search element with the middle element
i. if both are matching, print element found
ii. else then check if the search element is smaller or larger than the middle element
4. If the search element is smaller than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the

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left sublist of the middle element
5. If the search element is larger than the middle element, then repeat steps 2 and 3 for the
right sublist of the middle element
6. Repeat the process until the search element if found in the list
7. If element is not found, loop terminates

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Program:
def bsearch(alist,item):
first=0
last=len(alist)-1

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found=False
while first<=last and not found:
mid=(first+last)//2
if alist[mid]==item:
found=True

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print("element found in position",mid)
else:
if item last=mid-1
EX. No. : 5(b)
Date:

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BINARY SEARCH

FirstRanker Page 18 of 42
else:

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first=mid+mid-1
return found

a=[]
n=int(input("enter upper limit"))

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for i in range(0,n):
e=int(input("enter the elements"))
a.append(e)
x=int(input("enter element to search"))
bsearch(a,x)

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Output:
enter upper limit 6
enter the elements 2
enter the elements 3

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enter the elements 5
enter the elements 7
enter the elements 14
enter the elements 25
enter element to search 5

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element found in position 2


Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform binary search is executed successfully and the output

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is verified

FirstRanker Page 19 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python Program to perform selection sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named selectionsort
2. Initialise pos=0
3. If alist[location]>alist[pos] then perform the following till i+1,

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4. Set pos=location
5. Swap alist[i] and alist[pos]
6. Print the sorted list
Program:
def selectionSort(alist):

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for i in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):
pos=0
for location in range(1,i+1):
if alist[location]>alist[pos]:
pos= location

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temp = alist[i]
alist[i] = alist[pos]
alist[pos] = temp

alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]

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selectionSort(alist)
print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(a)
Date:

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SELECTION SORT

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Output:

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[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to perform selection sort is successfully executed and the
output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 21 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python Program to perform insertion sort.

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Algorithm:
1. Create a function named insertionsort
2. Initialise currentvalue=alist[index] and position=index
3. while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue, perform the following till len(alist)
4. alist[position]=alist[position-1]

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5. position = position-1
6. alist[position]=currentvalue
7. Print the sorted list

Program:

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def insertionSort(alist):
for index in range(1,len(alist)):
currentvalue = alist[index]
position = index
while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:

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alist[position]=alist[position-1]
position = position-1
alist[position]=currentvalue
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
insertionSort(alist)

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print(alist)

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Ex. No. : 6(b)
Date:

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INSERTION SORT


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 22 of 42
Output:

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[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform insertion sort is successfully executed and the output

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is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 23 of 42

Aim:

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To write a Python Program to perform Merge sort.
Algorithm:
1. Create a function named mergesort
2. Find the mid of the list
3. Assign lefthalf = alist[:mid] and righthalf = alist[mid:]

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4. Initialise i=j=k=0
5. while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf), perform the following
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i

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else
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
Increment j
Increment k
6. while i < len(lefthalf),perform the following

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alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
Increment i
Increment k
7. while j < len(righthalf), perform the following
alist[k]=righthalf[j]

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Increment j
Increment k
8. Print the sorted list

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Ex. No. : 7
Date:

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MERGE SORT


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 24 of 42

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Program:
def mergeSort(alist):
# print("Splitting ",alist)
if len(alist)>1:
mid = len(alist)//2

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lefthalf = alist[:mid]
righthalf = alist[mid:]
mergeSort(lefthalf)
mergeSort(righthalf)
i=j=k=0

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while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf):
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
else:

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alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1
k=k+1
while i < len(lefthalf):
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]

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i=i+1
k=k+1
while j < len(righthalf):
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1

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k=k+1
#print("Merging ",alist)
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
mergeSort(alist)
print(alist)

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 25 of 42
Output:
[17, 20, 26, 31, 44, 54, 55, 77, 93]

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Result:
Thus the Python program to perform merge sort is successfully executed and the output is
verifie

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 26 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to find first n prime numbers.

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Algorithm:
1. Read the value of n
2. for num in range(0,n + 1), perform the following
3. if num%i is 0 then break

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else print the value of num
4. Repeat step 3 for i in range(2,num)

Program:

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n = int(input("Enter the upper limit: "))

print("Prime numbers are")

for num in range(0,n + 1):

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# prime numbers are greater than 1
if num > 1:
for i in range(2,num):
if (num % i) == 0:
break

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else:
print(num)

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Ex. No. : 8
Date:

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FIRST N PRIME NUMBERS


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 27 of 42
Output:

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Enter the upper limit:100
Prime numbers are
2
3
5

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7
11
13
17
19

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23
29
31
37
41

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43
47
53
59
61

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67
71
73
79
83

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89
97

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to find the first n prime numbers is executed successfully and
the output is verified.

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 28 of 42

Aim:
To write a Python program to multiply matrices.

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Algorithm:
1. Define two matrices X and Y
2. Create a resultant matrix named ?result ?
3. for i in range(len(X)):
i. for j in range(len(Y[0])):

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a) for k in range(len(Y))
b) result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
4. for r in result, print the value of r

Program:

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X = [[12,7,3],
[4 ,5,6],
[7 ,8,9]]
Y = [[5,8,1,2],

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[6,7,3,0],
[4,5,9,1]]
result = [[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0]]

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for i in range(len(X)):
for j in range(len(Y[0])):
for k in range(len(Y)):
result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]
for r in result:

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print(r)

Ex. No. : 9
Date:

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MATRIX MULTIPLICATION


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 29 of 42
Output:

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[114, 160, 60, 27]
[74, 97, 73, 14]
[119, 157, 112, 23]

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Result:

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Thus the Python program to multiply matrices is executed successfully and the output is
verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 30 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program for command line arguments.
Algorithm:
1. Add arguments to find the words and lines
2. Add the filename as argument

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3. Parse the arguments to get the values
4. Format and print the words and lines

Program:
parser=argparse.ArgumentParser()

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parser.add_argument('--words','-w',action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('--lines','-l',action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('filename')
args=parser.parse_args()
if args.words:

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print("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))
elif args.lines:
print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))
else:
print ("words {}".format(print_words(args.filename))

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print("lines {}".format(print_lines(args.filename))

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Ex. No. :10

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Date:

COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS(WORD COUNT)

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 31 of 42

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Output:


python main.py ?i input.txt
words 23

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lines 1

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Result:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thus the Python program for command line arguments is executed successfully and the output is
verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 32 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program to find the most frequent words in a text read from a file.
Algorithm:
1. Read the filename
2. Open the file in read mode

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3. Read each line from the file to count the lowers and words
4. Read each line from the file to replace the punctuations
5. Split each line into words and count them
6. Print the words and counts

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Program:
def main():
filename=raw_input("enter the file").strip()
infile=open(filename,"r")
wordcounts={}

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for line in infile:
processLine(line.lower(),wordcounts)
pairs=list(wordcounts.items())
items=[[x,y] for (y,x) in pairs]
items.sort()

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for i in range(len(items)-1,len(items)-11,-1):
print(items[i][1]+"\t"+str(items[i][0]))
def processLine(line,wordcounts):
line=replacePunctuations(line)
words=line.split()

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for word in words:
if word in wordcounts:
wordcounts[word]+=1
else:
wordcounts[word]=1

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def replacePunctuations(line):
for ch in line:
if ch in "~@#$%^&*()_-+=<>?/.,:;!{}[]''":
line=line.replace(ch," ")
return line

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

main()


Ex. No. : 11
Date:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FINDING MOST FREQUENT WORDS IN A TEXT READ FROM A FILE

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 33 of 42
Output:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Enter a filename:a.txt

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Hi 1
How 1
Are 1
You 1

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Result:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thus the Python program to find the most frequent words in a text read from a file is
executed successfully and the output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 34 of 42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To write a Python program to simulate elliptical orbits in Pygame.
Algorithm:
1. Import the required packages
2. Set up the colours for the elliptical orbits

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Define the parameters to simulate elliptical orbits
4. Display the created orbits

Program:
import math

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

import random
import pygame
class Particle ():
def __init__ (self, x, y, colour=0x000000):
self.x = x

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self.y = y
self.vx = 0
self.vy = 0
self.colour = colour
def apply_gravity (self, target):

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dsqd = (self.x - target.x) ** 2 + (self.y - target.y) ** 2
#g = G*m/dsqd * normalized (self - target)
if dsqd == 0:
return
self.vx += -1 / dsqd * (self.x - target.x) / dsqd ** 0.5

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self.vy += -1 / dsqd * (self.y - target.y) / dsqd ** 0.5
def update (self):
self.x += self.vx
self.y += self.vy
pygame.init()

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window = pygame.display.set_mode ((600, 400))
main_surface = pygame.Surface ((600, 400))
colours = [0x000000, 0x111111, 0x222222, 0x333333, 0x444444, 0x555555, 0x666666,
0x777777, 0x888888, 0x999999, 0xaaaaaa, 0xbbbbbb] + [0xFF0000, 0x00FF00, 0x0000FF,
0xFFFF00, 0xFF00FF, 0x00FFFF, 0x888888, 0xFFFFFF, 0x808000, 0x008080, 0x800080,

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0x800000]
#colours = [0xFF0000, 0x00FF00, 0x0000FF, 0xFFFF00, 0xFF00FF, 0x00FFFF, 0x888888,
Ex. No. : 12
Date:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

SIMULATE ELLIPTICAL ORBITS IN PYGAME

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 35 of 42
0xFFFFFF, 0x808000, 0x008080, 0x800080, 0x800000]
particles = [Particle (200, 100, colours [i]) for i in range (20)]

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earth = Particle (200, 200)
for i, p in enumerate (particles):
p.vx = i / 100
while (True):
# main_surface.fill(0x000000)

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pygame.draw.circle (main_surface, 0x00FF00, (earth.x, earth.y), 5, 2)

for p in particles:
p.apply_gravity (earth)
p.update ()

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pygame.draw.circle (main_surface, p.colour, (int (p.x), int (p.y)), 5, 2)
window.blit(main_surface, (0, 0))
pygame.display.flip()

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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Output:

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Result:
Thus the Python Program to simulate elliptical orbits using Pygame is executed
successfully and the output is verified.

GE8161 FirstRanker Page 37 of 42

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Aim:
To write a Python program to bouncing ball in Pygame.
Algorithm:

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1. Import the required packages
2. Define the required variables
3. Define the screen space to display the bouncing balls in that space

Program:

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import sys
import pygame
pygame.init()

size = width, height = 320, 240

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speed = [2, 2]
black = 0, 0, 0

screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)

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ball = pygame.image.load('C:\\Users\\admin\\Desktop//ball.jpg')
ballrect = ball.get_rect()

while 1:
for event in pygame.event.get():

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if event.type == pygame.QUIT: sys.exit()

ballrect = ballrect.move(speed)
if ballrect.left < 0 or ballrect.right > width:
speed[0] = -speed[0]

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if ballrect.top < 0 or ballrect.bottom > height:
speed[1] = -speed[1]

screen.fill(black)
screen.blit(ball, ballrect)

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pygame.display.flip()

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Ex. No. : 13
Date:

SIMULATE BOUNCING BALL USING PYGAME

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 38 of 42


Output:

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Result:

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Thus the Python Program to simulate bouncing ball using Pygame is executed
successfully and the output is verified.


GE8161 FirstRanker Page 39 of 42

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VIVAVOCE QUESTIONS:
1. What it the syntax of print function?
2. What is the usage of input function?
3. Define a variable.
4. What is type conversion?

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5. Mention the data types in Python
6. What are the attributes of the complex datatype?
7. Mention a few escape sequences.
8. Define an expression
9. What is the usage of ** operator in Python?

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10. Give the syntax of if else statement.
11. Give the syntax of for statement.
12. How is range function used in for?
13. Give the syntax of while statement.
14. What are multi way if statements?

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15. How is random numbers generated?
16. Define a function.
17. Give the syntax of function.
18. What are the types of arguments in function.?
19. What is a recursive function?

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20. What are anonymous functions?
21. What are default arguments?
22. What are variable length arguments?
23. What are keyword arguments?
24. Mention the use of map().

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25. Mention the use of filter().
26. Mention the use of reduce().
27. Define a string.
28. How is string slicing done?
29. What is the usage of repetition operator?

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30. How is string concatenation done using + operator>
31. Mention some string methods
32. How is length of a string found?
33. How is a string converted to its upper case?
34. `Differentiate isalpha() and isdigit().

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35. What is the use of split()?
36. Define a file.
37. Give the syntax for opening a file.
38. Give the syntax for closing a file.
39. How is reading of file done?

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40. How is writing of file done?
41. What is a list?
42. Lists are mutable-Justify.
43. How is a list created?
44. How can a list be sorted?

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45. How are elements appended to the list?
46. How is insert() used in list?

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47. What is the usage of pop() in list?

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48. Define a tuple.
49. Are tuples mutable or immutable?
50. Mention the use of return statement.
51. What is a Boolean function?
52. How is main function defined?

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53. What is a dictionary?
54. How are tuples created?
55. How is a dictionary created?
56. How to print the keys of a dictionary?
57. How to print the values of a dictionary?

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58. How is del statement used?
59. Can tuple elements be deleted?
60. What is Python interpreter?
61. Why is Python called an interpreted language?
62. Mention some features of Python

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63. What is Python IDLE?
64. Mention some rules for naming an identifier in Python.
65. Give points about Python Numbers.
66. What is bool datatype?
67. Give examples of mathematical functions.

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68. What is string formatting operator?
69. Mention about membership operators inPython.
70. How is expression evaluated in Python?
71. What are the loop control statements in Python?
72. What is the use of break statement?

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73. What is the use of continue statement?
74. What is the use of pass statement?
75. What is assert statement?
76. Differentiate fruitful function s and void functions.
77. What are required arguments ?

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78. Differentiate pass by value and pass by reference.
79. Mention few advantages of function.
80. How is lambda function used?
81. What is a local variable?
82. What are global variables?

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83. What are Python decorators?
84. Are strings mutable or immutable?
85. What is join()?
86. What is replace() method?
87. What is list comprehension?

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88. Define multidimensional list.
89. How to create lists using range()?
90. What is swapcase() method?
91. What is linear search?
92. How is binary search done?

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93. How is merge sort performed?
94. What is sorting?

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95. How is insertion sort done?
96. How is selection sort done?
97. What are command line arguments?
98. Name some built in functions with dictionary.
99. What is an exception?

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100. How is exception handled in python?

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GE8161 FirstRanker Page 42 of 42

LIST OF MINI PROJECTS
1.ATM Generation

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2.Dice Rolling simulator
3.Library Management System
4.Restaurant Management System
5.Calendar Application
6.Guessing Birthdays

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7.Loan Calculator
8.Text Animation
9. Spell Checker
10.Data Retrieval from Web

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