Code: 20A03301
B.Tech II Year I Semester (R20) Supplementary Examinations December 2023
FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 70
Note: 1. Question paper consists of two parts A and B
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2. Part A is compulsory
3. Answer any three questions from Part B
PART – A (14 Marks)
1. Answer the following questions briefly: 14x1=14 Marks
- Define specific weight and specific volume.
- What is meant by velocity potential function?
- Define hydraulic gradient line and total energy line.
- What are the different types of minor losses in pipes?
- Define displacement thickness.
- Define geometric similarity.
- What is meant by specific speed of turbine?
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PART – B (42 Marks)
2. a) Explain the phenomenon of capillarity. Obtain an expression for the height of capillary rise. 7 Marks
b) Differentiate between: 7 Marks
(i) Real fluids and Ideal fluids OR
3. a) Define stream function and potential function. The velocity potential function is given by f = 5xy, determine the velocity components at the point (4, 5). 7 Marks
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b) Derive Euler’s equation of motion along a stream line. 7 Marks 4. a) Derive an expression for the loss of head due to sudden enlargement. 7 Marks
b) A horizontal pipe line 40 m long is connected to a water tank at one end and discharges freely into the atmosphere at the other end. For the first 25 m of its length from the tank, the pipe is 150 mm diameter and then the diameter is suddenly enlarged to 300 mm. The height of water level in the tank is 8 m above the centre of the pipe. Considering all losses of energy, determine the rate of flow. Take f = 0.01 for both sections of the pipe. 7 Marks
OR
5. a) Define and explain the terms: Stream line, Streak line and Path line. 7 Marks
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b) Three pipes of lengths 800 m, 500 m and 400 m and of diameters 500 mm, 400 mm and 300 mm respectively are connected in series. These pipes are to be replaced by a single pipe of length 1700 mm. Find the diameter of the single pipe. 7 Marks 6. a) Define boundary layer thickness, displacement thickness, momentum thickness and energy thickness. 7 Marks
b) Explain the terms: 7 Marks
(i) Geometric similarity OR
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7. a) The pressure drop ?p in a pipe of diameter D and length L due to turbulent flow depends on the velocity V, diameter D, length L, viscosity µ and density ?. Using Buckingham’s p-theorem, obtain an expression for ?p. 7 Marks
b) What is meant by specific speed? Derive expressions for the specific speeds of turbines and pumps. 7 Marks
8. a) Define cavitation. What are the effects of cavitation? Give the necessary precautions against cavitation. 7 Marks
b) A Kaplan turbine runner is to be designed to develop 9100 kW. The net available head is 5.6 m. Assume that the speed ratio is 2.09 and flow ratio is 0.68 and overall efficiency is 86%. If the diameter of the boss is 1/3 of the diameter of the runner, find the diameter of the runner, its speed and the specific speed. 7 Marks
OR
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9. a) Explain the working principle of centrifugal pump with a neat sketch. 7 Marks
b) A centrifugal pump is to deliver 0.18 m3/s at a speed of 1450 r.p.m against a head of 25 m. The impeller diameter is 250 mm, its width at outlet is 50 mm and manometric efficiency is 75%. Determine the vane angle at the outer periphery of the impeller.   7 Marks
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