OPHTHALMOLOGY
I. Goal
The goal of teaching of students in ophthalmology is to provide such
knowledge and skill to the students that will enable them to
1. Diagnose and manage common ophthalmic diseases, ocular
2. Knowledge of using common drugs keeping in mind their
adverse reaction.
3. Knowledge of common ophthalmic investigations and interpretation
of results.
A. Knowledge
1. Aetiology, Clinical features and treatment of conjunctival
infections, allergies, pterygium, xerosis and trachoma.
2. Aetiology, Clinical features, complications and treatment of
and cornea.
3. Basic principles of corneal blindness eye donation and corneal
transplant (keratoplasty).
4. Aetiopathogenesis and complications of ectropion, entropion,
5. Aetiology, clinical features and treatment of lacrimal sac infections
and causes of epiphora.
6. Classification, clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of various
forms of congenital and senile cataract.
forms of glaucoma.
8. Classification, etiology, clinical features, complications and
management of various diseases of uveal tract.
9. Classification, aetiology, clinical features and treatment of various
10. Types of blindness causes and their management .
11. Objectives of National Program for Control of Blindness,
Trachoma control Program and vision 2020.
12. Aetiology, Clinical features and treatment of common retinal
degenerations, inflammation and detachment.
13. Types of ocular trauma,clinical features, complications and
management including sympathetic ophthalmia.
14. Aetiology, Clinical features and management of optic nerve
and optic neuritis.
15. Aetiology, clinical features and management of orbital diseases
common causes of proptosis.
16. Ocular manifestation of systemic diseases including diabetes,
induced hypertension.
17. Ocular side effects of systemic drugs.
18. Aetiology, Clinical features and principles of treatment of vitreous
diseases e.g., haemorrhage, degeneration, endophthalmitis.
implantation.
B SKILLS
1. Determine visual acuity
2. Test Colour vision
biomicroscope
4. Use of direct ophthalmoscope.
5. Determine field of vision by confrontation method
6. Removal of extra ocular foreign body
8. Incise and drain lid abscess
9. First aid for chemical injuries.
C. INTEGRATION
The Under graduate training in ophthalmology will provide an integrated
ENT, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Pediatrics, General Surgery and General
Medicine.
II TEACHING HOURS - 100
1. Lectures ? 64hours,
3. Integrated Lectures ? 20 hours
4. Demonstration - 4 hours
5. seminars --6 hours
III TEACHING METHODOLOGY
Seminars,
Short lectures,
Case presentations,
DEMONSTRATION,
Attending ward round,
Minor theatre- foreign body removal, syringing nasolacrimal duct,
Visual acuity testing.
IV THEORY SYLLABUS
2. Anatomy of visual pathway, pupillary pathway
3. Physiology of eye.
4. Bio-chemistry of ocular tissues.
5. Lid swellings, blepharitis
7. Anatomy of lacrimal drainage system, dacryocystitis and management
8. DD of limbal nodule,
9. Scleral, Episcleral affections
10. Pterygium, pseudo pterygium and its management
ophthalmia neonatorum, and other conjunctivitis.
12. Etiopathogenesis and clinical features, complications and management of
Bacterial, fungal, viral and protozoal corneal ulcer,
13. Etiology and types of cataract, preoperative evaluation, different types of
14. Classification, etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of various
glaucomas.
15. Various types of refractive errors and management. Retinoscopy and
pinhole, & Colour vision test
17. Clinical features, Management and complications of uveal tract diseases.
18. Causes and types of blindness. National Program for Control of
Blindness(NPCB)District Blindness Control Society(DBCS) VISION 2020,
Eye Bank, Hospital corneal Retrieval Program (HCRP) ? objectives and
19. Aetiology, Clincial features and management of optic neuritis, optic atrophy
and papilloedema
20. Diabetic retinopathy, Hypertensive retinopathy, retinal detachment, Retinitis
pigmentosa, retinopathy of prematurity, retinal vascular occlusion
22. Ocular manifestations of systemic disease.
23. Ocular motor nerve palsies
24. Types of ocular injuries, clinical features and management of chemical, blunt
injuries, sympathetic ophthalmia
orbital cellulitis
26. White reflex in pupillary area.
27. Watch incision and curettage for chalazion, incision and drainage for lid and
lacrimal abscess, removal of corneal foreign body, epilation, enucleation and
28. Lasers in ophthalmology
29. Ocular anaesthesia.
30. Types of strabismus, cover uncover test, Hirschberg's test
31. Types of amblyopia and management
33. Ocular manifestations of rheumatological diseases.
34. Clinical presentation and discussion of ophthalmic cases
35. Medical ethics- Bioethics
-Benefits & harm,
V PRACTICAL SYLLABUS
LIDS;
Ptosis, lagophthalmos,entropion, ectropion.
Blepharitis, Chalazion, hordeolum internum, hordeolum externum,
Chronic dacryocystitis
LENS:
Cataract
Lens induced glaucoma
Primary glaucoma
Secondary glaucoma
UVEITIS
CORNEA
Anterior staphyloma
SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, slides,(microbiology, pathology
Specimens, Drugs used in ophthalmology
INVESTIGATIVE tools (Fluorescein strips, ophthalmoscope etc)
Refraction set, pinhole, maddox rod,
slit lamp examination
Tonometry
Colour vision
Parson's Diseases of the eye
Kanski's Text Book of ophthalmology
Kanski's Atlas in ophthalmology
VII Theory Examination :
1 x 10 marks
= 10 marks
1. Brief Answeres 5 x 4 Marks
= 20 marks
= 10 marks
--------------
Total
40 Marks
LONG CASE : 1 x 15 30 minutes 15 marks
Presentation-5 marks
Diagnosis & management-5 marks
Discussion-5 marks
Presentation -5 marks
Discussion -5 marks
OSCE/SPOTTERS 5 X 1 (10 minutes) 5 marks
Display for OSCE
--------------
Total
30 marks
---------------
:
10 marks
I.A.
:
10)
SUGGESTED LONG CASES:
- Cataract, Aphakia,Pseudophakia, Lens induced glaucoma
SUGGESTED SHORT CASES;
- Corneal opacity, Corneal ulcers, iritis, Pterygium, Bitots spots, Hordeolum
Internum & externum, Subconjunctival hemorrhage, blepharitis,ectropion,
entropion, trichiasis.
IX --VIVA
VIVA
10 marks ( 4 x2.5 )
Refraction
2.5 marks
Community ophthalmology
Systemic ophthalmology (includes Basic)
2.5 marks
Instruments & Pharmacology
2.5 marks
ASSESMENT =
20 Marks
10 marks
Practical
( Practical 5 marks + Log Book 5 marks
Log Book to be approved by HOD
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT-WHEN TO SUBMIT ?
-Formative assessment is an ongoing assessment wherein students in groups are allotted
about an hour.
-At the end of the each (3) posting, the tutor/consultant does a formative assessment of
the students who are posted with him/her.
Schedule for Formative assessment
POSTING DURATION
TESTS
4th Semester
4 Weeks
6th Semester
4 Weeks
Two theory tests and
two clinical test
2 Weeks
One theory and one clinical test
Subjects wise Tests: (To be held according to clinical postings)
Test 1- Anatomy,physiology, biochemistry,pharmacology & pathology
Test 2-Cataract,glaucoma, cornea
Test 3-Uvea, Retina, Refraction, Neuro ophthalmology, systemic & community ophthalmology
Test 4-Model examination (Complete Syllabus including recent advances).
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT TEST-UNIT WISE ? submitted as below
X INTERNAL
ASSESMENT =
20 Marks
III.
Theory (average of minimum 3 tests)
IV.
Practical
10 marks
V. For practicals ? the following can be added- Practical assessment is done by
exams. .
MEDICAL ETHICS-RESPECT OF CADAVER needs to be covered during their
induction into MBBS before anatomy dissection and classes.
MEDICAL ETHICS needs to be covered when students are introduced to clinics.
INTEGRATED TEACHING ? needs to be addressed at a higher pan departmental
meeting involving the overall UG curriculum in- charge and all the departments. Not
possible by one department alone to decide on integrated teaching.
RECORD / LOG BOOK ? submitted- log book approved by the HOD has to be
already been made and available with the academic officer.
CRRI Orientation programme based on the clinical subjects- once again has to be done
by the overall UG curriculum ? in ? charge during overall orientation sessions.
Separate session needed for ophthalmology.
Syringing of nasolacrimal duct
Observing IOP recording, perimetry recording,
Other investigative procedures
THEORY SYLLABUS
1. Anatomy of eye and various structures(parts)
2. Anatomy of visual pathway, pupillary pathway
3. Anatomy of lid - lid swellings, blepharitis, ptosis, lagophthalmos, ectropion,
entropion, symblepheron
5. VITAMIN A -Clinical features and WHO classification and management of Vit A
deficiency
6. DD of LIMBAL NODULE
-vernal,phlycten,episcleritis,scleritis,pterygium,pseudopterygium and its
7. CONJUNCTIVITIS -Etiology, clinical features and management of Allergic
conjunctivitis, ophthalmia neonatorum, and other conjunctivitis.
8. CORNEAL ULCER -Etiopathogenesis and clinical features of Bacterial,fungal,viral
and protozoal corneal ulcer and its complications and management
of cataract surgery and post operative complications
10. GLAUCOMA -Classsification, etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management
of various glaucomas
11. REFRACTIVE ERRORS -Various types of refractive errors and management.
12. RED EYE -Differential Diagnosis of Red eye. Clinical features, management.
13. UVEITIS ?Iridocyclitis, clinical features and management
14. Causes and types of BLINDNESS. National Programme for Control of
Blindness(NPCB), District Blindness Control Society(DBCS),VISION 2020,EYE
15. Differentiation of optic neuritis, optic atrophy and papilloedema
16. Layers of retina. Diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, retinal detachment,
retinitis pigmentosa, retinopathy of prematurity, central retinal vein
occlusion(CRVO) and branch retinal retinal vein occlusion(BRVO)
18. FIELD TESTING Confrontation method and Bjerrum screen
19. Medical ethics.
DESIRABLE TO KNOW:
1. Types of ocular injuries. Clinical features and management of chemical injuries,
2. Causes of Proptosis. Clinical features, complications and management of Orbital
cellulitis
3. Ocular manifestations of Tuberculosis, Leprosy, AIDS, Eclampsia, Anemia
4. Antibiotics, antifungal, antiviral, steroids, mydriatrics and cycloplegics.
5. Incision and curettage for chalazion. Incision and Drainage for lid and lacrimal
abscess. Removal of corneal Foreign body, epilation
6. LASERS in ophthalmology
NICE TO KNOW:
2. Types of strabismus, cover uncover test, Hirschberg's test
3. Types of amblyopia and management
Practical syllabus
Must know;
2. Visual acuity recording- presence of refractive error or other ocular pathology
3. Detection of conjunctivitis, presence of extra ocular foreign body, cataract, iritis
4. First aid for ocular trauma-in particular chemical injuries
5. Management of conjunctivitis
7. Counseling for the patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, thyroid disorders,
pregnancy induced hypertension for a thorough ophthalmic check by the competent
ophthalmologists
Desirable to know;
2. Neurological disorders requiring ophthal opinion- papilloedema-raised intra
cranial pressure
3. Presence of diplopia ? ocular motor nerve palsies= to R/O DM, HT, SOL
4. To give a thorough irrigation of eyes with clean water in the presence of chemical
5. To detect corneal pathology & refer the patients to an ophthalmologist.
Nice to know;
1. The presence of intra ocular infections
2. The presence of retinopathies
4. To remove conjunctival foreign body ( not corneal foreign body)
5. Refer patients with any suspected ophthalmic diseases to the competent ophthalmologist.
I. Goal
The goal of teaching of students in ophthalmology is to provide such
knowledge and skill to the students that will enable them to
1. Diagnose and manage common ophthalmic diseases, ocular
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
manifestations of systemic diseases and emergencies.2. Knowledge of using common drugs keeping in mind their
adverse reaction.
3. Knowledge of common ophthalmic investigations and interpretation
of results.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
II. ObjectivesA. Knowledge
1. Aetiology, Clinical features and treatment of conjunctival
infections, allergies, pterygium, xerosis and trachoma.
2. Aetiology, Clinical features, complications and treatment of
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
coreneal ulcers, keratomalacia and other inflammations of scleraand cornea.
3. Basic principles of corneal blindness eye donation and corneal
transplant (keratoplasty).
4. Aetiopathogenesis and complications of ectropion, entropion,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ptosis, lagophthalmos, symblepharon and lid inflammations.5. Aetiology, clinical features and treatment of lacrimal sac infections
and causes of epiphora.
6. Classification, clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of various
forms of congenital and senile cataract.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
7. Classification, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of variousforms of glaucoma.
8. Classification, etiology, clinical features, complications and
management of various diseases of uveal tract.
9. Classification, aetiology, clinical features and treatment of various
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
refractive errors and presbyopia.10. Types of blindness causes and their management .
11. Objectives of National Program for Control of Blindness,
Trachoma control Program and vision 2020.
12. Aetiology, Clinical features and treatment of common retinal
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
disorders including retinopathies vascular occlusions,degenerations, inflammation and detachment.
13. Types of ocular trauma,clinical features, complications and
management including sympathetic ophthalmia.
14. Aetiology, Clinical features and management of optic nerve
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
disorders including optic atrophy, differentiation of papilloedemaand optic neuritis.
15. Aetiology, clinical features and management of orbital diseases
common causes of proptosis.
16. Ocular manifestation of systemic diseases including diabetes,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
hypertension, tuberculosis, leprosy, anemia, AIDS and pregnancyinduced hypertension.
17. Ocular side effects of systemic drugs.
18. Aetiology, Clinical features and principles of treatment of vitreous
diseases e.g., haemorrhage, degeneration, endophthalmitis.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
19. Recent advances in ophthalmology-lasers, intraocular lensimplantation.
B SKILLS
1. Determine visual acuity
2. Test Colour vision
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
3. Anterior segment examination using torch light and slit lampbiomicroscope
4. Use of direct ophthalmoscope.
5. Determine field of vision by confrontation method
6. Removal of extra ocular foreign body
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
7. Perform epilation of eyelashes.8. Incise and drain lid abscess
9. First aid for chemical injuries.
C. INTEGRATION
The Under graduate training in ophthalmology will provide an integrated
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approach towards other disciplines like Neuro-Sciences, Dermatology,Dental,ENT, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Pediatrics, General Surgery and General
Medicine.
II TEACHING HOURS - 100
1. Lectures ? 64hours,
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2. Theory TESTS-3x2=06 hrs3. Integrated Lectures ? 20 hours
4. Demonstration - 4 hours
5. seminars --6 hours
III TEACHING METHODOLOGY
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Didactic lectures,Seminars,
Short lectures,
Case presentations,
DEMONSTRATION,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Theatre live surgical demonstration,Attending ward round,
Minor theatre- foreign body removal, syringing nasolacrimal duct,
Visual acuity testing.
IV THEORY SYLLABUS
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
1. Anatomy of orbit, eye ball & adnexa.2. Anatomy of visual pathway, pupillary pathway
3. Physiology of eye.
4. Bio-chemistry of ocular tissues.
5. Lid swellings, blepharitis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
6. Ptosis, Lagopththalmos, ectropion, entropion, symblepheron7. Anatomy of lacrimal drainage system, dacryocystitis and management
8. DD of limbal nodule,
9. Scleral, Episcleral affections
10. Pterygium, pseudo pterygium and its management
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
11. Etiology, Clinical features and management of Allergic conjunctivitis,ophthalmia neonatorum, and other conjunctivitis.
12. Etiopathogenesis and clinical features, complications and management of
Bacterial, fungal, viral and protozoal corneal ulcer,
13. Etiology and types of cataract, preoperative evaluation, different types of
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
cataract surgery and post operative complications14. Classification, etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of various
glaucomas.
15. Various types of refractive errors and management. Retinoscopy and
pinhole, & Colour vision test
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
16. Differential Diagnosis of Red eye.17. Clinical features, Management and complications of uveal tract diseases.
18. Causes and types of blindness. National Program for Control of
Blindness(NPCB)District Blindness Control Society(DBCS) VISION 2020,
Eye Bank, Hospital corneal Retrieval Program (HCRP) ? objectives and
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
functions19. Aetiology, Clincial features and management of optic neuritis, optic atrophy
and papilloedema
20. Diabetic retinopathy, Hypertensive retinopathy, retinal detachment, Retinitis
pigmentosa, retinopathy of prematurity, retinal vascular occlusion
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
21. Signs of thyroid opthalmopathy.22. Ocular manifestations of systemic disease.
23. Ocular motor nerve palsies
24. Types of ocular injuries, clinical features and management of chemical, blunt
injuries, sympathetic ophthalmia
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
25. Causes of proptosis, clinical features, complications and management oforbital cellulitis
26. White reflex in pupillary area.
27. Watch incision and curettage for chalazion, incision and drainage for lid and
lacrimal abscess, removal of corneal foreign body, epilation, enucleation and
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
evisceration28. Lasers in ophthalmology
29. Ocular anaesthesia.
30. Types of strabismus, cover uncover test, Hirschberg's test
31. Types of amblyopia and management
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
32. Dry eyes & thyroid ophthalmopathy.33. Ocular manifestations of rheumatological diseases.
34. Clinical presentation and discussion of ophthalmic cases
35. Medical ethics- Bioethics
-Benefits & harm,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
-human dignity & human rightsV PRACTICAL SYLLABUS
LIDS;
Ptosis, lagophthalmos,entropion, ectropion.
Blepharitis, Chalazion, hordeolum internum, hordeolum externum,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Pterygium, limbal nodule, bitot's spot, subconjunctival hemorrhageChronic dacryocystitis
LENS:
Cataract
Lens induced glaucoma
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GLAUCOMAPrimary glaucoma
Secondary glaucoma
UVEITIS
CORNEA
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Corneal opacities, corneal ulcers (purulent & non purulent)Anterior staphyloma
SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, slides,(microbiology, pathology
Specimens, Drugs used in ophthalmology
INVESTIGATIVE tools (Fluorescein strips, ophthalmoscope etc)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Visual Field charts, imaging,(CT, MRI, USG)Refraction set, pinhole, maddox rod,
slit lamp examination
Tonometry
Colour vision
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
VI - REFERENCE LEARNING BOOKSParson's Diseases of the eye
Kanski's Text Book of ophthalmology
Kanski's Atlas in ophthalmology
VII Theory Examination :
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1 . Essay1 x 10 marks
= 10 marks
1. Brief Answeres 5 x 4 Marks
= 20 marks
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2. Short Answers 5 x 2 Marks= 10 marks
--------------
Total
40 Marks
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VIII Practical Examination & sOSCE examinationsLONG CASE : 1 x 15 30 minutes 15 marks
Presentation-5 marks
Diagnosis & management-5 marks
Discussion-5 marks
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SHORT CASES: 2 x 5 30 minutes 10 marksPresentation -5 marks
Discussion -5 marks
OSCE/SPOTTERS 5 X 1 (10 minutes) 5 marks
Display for OSCE
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Investigative tools & microbiology, pathology slides , Clinical Scenario--------------
Total
30 marks
---------------
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Viva:
10 marks
I.A.
:
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` 20 marks ( Theory 10, Practical10)
SUGGESTED LONG CASES:
- Cataract, Aphakia,Pseudophakia, Lens induced glaucoma
SUGGESTED SHORT CASES;
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
- Corneal opacity, Corneal ulcers, iritis, Pterygium, Bitots spots, Hordeolum
Internum & externum, Subconjunctival hemorrhage, blepharitis,ectropion,
entropion, trichiasis.
IX --VIVA
VIVA
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=10 marks ( 4 x2.5 )
Refraction
2.5 marks
Community ophthalmology
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
2.5 marksSystemic ophthalmology (includes Basic)
2.5 marks
Instruments & Pharmacology
2.5 marks
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
X INTERNALASSESMENT =
20 Marks
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Theory (average of minimum 3 tests)10 marks
Practical
( Practical 5 marks + Log Book 5 marks
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10 marksLog Book to be approved by HOD
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT-WHEN TO SUBMIT ?
-Formative assessment is an ongoing assessment wherein students in groups are allotted
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
to be with a specific tutor/ consultant in the hospital during OPDs, theatre ? everyday forabout an hour.
-At the end of the each (3) posting, the tutor/consultant does a formative assessment of
the students who are posted with him/her.
Schedule for Formative assessment
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PERIODPOSTING DURATION
TESTS
4th Semester
4 Weeks
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One theory test6th Semester
4 Weeks
Two theory tests and
two clinical test
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9th Semester2 Weeks
One theory and one clinical test
Subjects wise Tests: (To be held according to clinical postings)
Test 1- Anatomy,physiology, biochemistry,pharmacology & pathology
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Test 2-Cataract,glaucoma, cornea
Test 3-Uvea, Retina, Refraction, Neuro ophthalmology, systemic & community ophthalmology
Test 4-Model examination (Complete Syllabus including recent advances).
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT TEST-UNIT WISE ? submitted as below
X INTERNAL
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ASSESMENT =
20 Marks
III.
Theory (average of minimum 3 tests)
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10 marksIV.
Practical
10 marks
V. For practicals ? the following can be added- Practical assessment is done by
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end of posting practical exam and OSCEs similar to the universityexams. .
MEDICAL ETHICS-RESPECT OF CADAVER needs to be covered during their
induction into MBBS before anatomy dissection and classes.
MEDICAL ETHICS needs to be covered when students are introduced to clinics.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Separate medical ethics lecture or classers not required separately in ophthalmology.INTEGRATED TEACHING ? needs to be addressed at a higher pan departmental
meeting involving the overall UG curriculum in- charge and all the departments. Not
possible by one department alone to decide on integrated teaching.
RECORD / LOG BOOK ? submitted- log book approved by the HOD has to be
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
submitted at the time of university practical examination. The formatted log book hasalready been made and available with the academic officer.
CRRI Orientation programme based on the clinical subjects- once again has to be done
by the overall UG curriculum ? in ? charge during overall orientation sessions.
Separate session needed for ophthalmology.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Foreign body removalSyringing of nasolacrimal duct
Observing IOP recording, perimetry recording,
Other investigative procedures
THEORY SYLLABUS
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
MUST KNOW:1. Anatomy of eye and various structures(parts)
2. Anatomy of visual pathway, pupillary pathway
3. Anatomy of lid - lid swellings, blepharitis, ptosis, lagophthalmos, ectropion,
entropion, symblepheron
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
4. Anatomy of lacrimal drainage system - dacryocystitis and management5. VITAMIN A -Clinical features and WHO classification and management of Vit A
deficiency
6. DD of LIMBAL NODULE
-vernal,phlycten,episcleritis,scleritis,pterygium,pseudopterygium and its
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
management7. CONJUNCTIVITIS -Etiology, clinical features and management of Allergic
conjunctivitis, ophthalmia neonatorum, and other conjunctivitis.
8. CORNEAL ULCER -Etiopathogenesis and clinical features of Bacterial,fungal,viral
and protozoal corneal ulcer and its complications and management
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
9. CATARACT -Etiology and types of cataract, preoperative evaluation, different typesof cataract surgery and post operative complications
10. GLAUCOMA -Classsification, etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management
of various glaucomas
11. REFRACTIVE ERRORS -Various types of refractive errors and management.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Retinoscopy and pinhole test12. RED EYE -Differential Diagnosis of Red eye. Clinical features, management.
13. UVEITIS ?Iridocyclitis, clinical features and management
14. Causes and types of BLINDNESS. National Programme for Control of
Blindness(NPCB), District Blindness Control Society(DBCS),VISION 2020,EYE
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
BANK, Hospital Corneal Retrieval Programme(HCRP) - Objectives and Functions15. Differentiation of optic neuritis, optic atrophy and papilloedema
16. Layers of retina. Diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, retinal detachment,
retinitis pigmentosa, retinopathy of prematurity, central retinal vein
occlusion(CRVO) and branch retinal retinal vein occlusion(BRVO)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
17. Tests for visual acuity, colour vision, recording IOP, direct ophthalmoscopy18. FIELD TESTING Confrontation method and Bjerrum screen
19. Medical ethics.
DESIRABLE TO KNOW:
1. Types of ocular injuries. Clinical features and management of chemical injuries,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
blunt injuries, sympathetic ophthalmia.2. Causes of Proptosis. Clinical features, complications and management of Orbital
cellulitis
3. Ocular manifestations of Tuberculosis, Leprosy, AIDS, Eclampsia, Anemia
4. Antibiotics, antifungal, antiviral, steroids, mydriatrics and cycloplegics.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Antiglaucoma drugs- dose, mode of action and side effects5. Incision and curettage for chalazion. Incision and Drainage for lid and lacrimal
abscess. Removal of corneal Foreign body, epilation
6. LASERS in ophthalmology
NICE TO KNOW:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
1. Origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions of Extra ocular muscles2. Types of strabismus, cover uncover test, Hirschberg's test
3. Types of amblyopia and management
Practical syllabus
Must know;
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
1. Basic examination of the eyes2. Visual acuity recording- presence of refractive error or other ocular pathology
3. Detection of conjunctivitis, presence of extra ocular foreign body, cataract, iritis
4. First aid for ocular trauma-in particular chemical injuries
5. Management of conjunctivitis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
6. Referring patients requiring ophthalmic opinion to the eye specialists.7. Counseling for the patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, thyroid disorders,
pregnancy induced hypertension for a thorough ophthalmic check by the competent
ophthalmologists
Desirable to know;
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
1. To check for presence of glaucoma2. Neurological disorders requiring ophthal opinion- papilloedema-raised intra
cranial pressure
3. Presence of diplopia ? ocular motor nerve palsies= to R/O DM, HT, SOL
4. To give a thorough irrigation of eyes with clean water in the presence of chemical
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
injuries5. To detect corneal pathology & refer the patients to an ophthalmologist.
Nice to know;
1. The presence of intra ocular infections
2. The presence of retinopathies
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
3. To detect papilloedema4. To remove conjunctival foreign body ( not corneal foreign body)
5. Refer patients with any suspected ophthalmic diseases to the competent ophthalmologist.