Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) Human Anatomy ppt lectures Topic 21 Elbow Radioulnar Wrist Joint Notes. - anatomy ppt free download human anatomy ppt lectures, medicine notes ppt, anatomy handwritten notes pdf, mbbs 1st year anatomy notes pdf download, best anatomy notes pdf, human anatomy notes pdf, anatomy easy notes pdf, anatomy notes online, anatomy short notes, Anatomy ppt, Powerpoint Presentations and lecture notes.
Learning Objectives
? Normal Anatomy Of joint- Elbow,
raioulnar,wrist and first carpometacarpal joint.
? Important relations of joints
? Muscles producing different movements of
joints
? Applied anatomy
ELBOW JOINT
Type
Synovial / Hinge
compound as it has two
articulations
i)humero ? ulnar &
ii)humero ? radial
Articular surfaces
1. Humerus ?by trochlea &
capitulum
2. Ulna ? trochlear notch
3. Radius ? head
Ligaments:
Fibrous capsule
Ulnar col ateral
ligament
a.
Anterior band
b. Posterior band
c.
Oblique band
Radial col ateral ligament
Synovial membrane
Articular Capsule of Elbow Joint
Relations
? Muscles related
? Anterior ? brachialis
? Posterior? triceps, anconeus
? Lateral ?common extensor
tendon, supinator
? Medial ? flexor carpi ulnaris,
common flexor tendon
? Arterial supply
? From anastomosis around
elbow joint
? Nerves
? Musculo-cutaneous and radial
(with contributions from ulnar
and median nerves)
Anastomosis around Elbow Joint
Movements
-Flexion
-Extension
-Carrying angle disappears in flexion
-Muscles producing movements:
Flexion
-Brachialis
-Biceps
-Brachioradialis
Extension
-Triceps
-Anconeus
APPLIED ANATOMY
Bursitis of olecranon bursa
Dislocation of Elbow Joint
Supracondylar fracture
? May injure
brachial artery
leading to
vasospasm- lead
to ischaemia of
deep flexor
muscles-
volkman's
ischaemic
conracture
? Tennis elbow- sprain or partial tear of radial
collateral ligament due to abrupt pronation-
pain and tenderness at lateral epicondyle
? Golfer's elbow- inflammation of commom
flexor tendons
RADIOULNAR
JOINTS
The radius and ulna articulate by ?
? Synovial
1. Superior radioulnar joint
2. Inferior radioulnar joint
? Non synovial
Middle radioulnar union
Superior Radioulnar Joint
This articulation is a trochoid or
pivot-joint between
? the circumference of the
head of the radius
? ring formed by the radial
notch of the ulna and the
annular ligament.
The Annular Ligament (orbicular
ligament)
It forms about four-fifths of the
osseo- fibrous ring, and is
attached to the anterior and
posterior margins of the radial
notch
Its upper border blends with the
capsule of elbow joint while
from its lower border a thin
loose synovial membrane
passes to be attached to the
neck of the radius
Its deep surface is smooth,
and lined by synovial
membrane, which is
continuous with that of the
elbow-joint.
Quadrate ligament
A thickened band which
extends from the inferior
border of the annular
ligament below the radial
notch to the neck of the
radius is known as the
quadrate ligament.
Middle Radioulnar
Union
The shafts of the radius and ulna are connected by
Oblique Cord and Interosseous Membrane
The Oblique Cord (oblique
ligament)
Extend downward and lateral y,
from the
lateral side of the ulnar tuberosity
to the radius a little below the
radial tuberosity.
Its fibers run in the opposite
direction to those of the
interosseous membrane.
The Interosseous Membrane
Descend obliquely downward
and medially
It extends from the
interosseous crest of the
radius to that of the ulna.
It is deficient above,
commencing about 2.5 cm.
beneath the tuberosity of
the radius.
It helps to transmit
forces to ulna and
humerus acting
proximally from hand
to radius
Inferior Radioulnar Joint
Uniaxial pivot-joint
between head of the ulna and
the ulnar notch on the
lower end of the radius.
The articular surfaces are
enclosed by capsule and
connected together by ?
? Articular ligaments
1.Anterior radioulnar
ligament
2. Posterior radioulnar
ligament
? Articular disc
Anterior Radioulnar
ligament
This ligament is a
narrow band of fibers
extending from the
anterior margin of the
ulnar notch of the
radius to the front of
the head of the ulna.
Posterior (Dorsal)Radioulnar
ligament
This ligament
extends
between
corresponding
surfaces on
the dorsal
aspect of the
articulation.
The Articular Disc
The articular disc is triangular in
shape placed transversely beneath
the head of the ulna
Its periphery is thicker than its center,
which is occasionally perforated.
Radius
Attachment ?
apex to a depression between the
styloid process and the head of
the ulna;
base, which is thin, to the prominent
edge between the ulnar notch and
carpal articular surface of the
radius.
Synovial
Membrane
The synovial
membrane of this
articulation is
extremely loose,
It extends upward as a
recess (recessus
sacciformis)
between the radius
and the ulna.
Movements
.
Pronation ? Radius turns anteromedially and
obliquely across the ulna, its proximal end
remaining lateral and distal end becoming
medial. During this action, interosseous
membrane becomes spiralled.
Supination ? Radius returns to a position
lateral and paral el to ulna and interosseous
membrane becomes unspiral ed.
Hand can thus be turned through 140? ? 150?
and with elbow extended this can be
increased to 360? by humeral rotation and
scapular movement.
Axis of supination and pronation extends from the center
of the head of the radius to the ulnar attachment of
articular disc. This is axis of movement of radius
relative to ulna and it does not remain stationery.
In this movement the distal head of the ulna is not
stationary, but describes a curve in a direction
opposite to that taken by the head of the radius.
Muscles Producing Movement
Pronation ? Pronator quadratus
Pronator Teres
Gravity also assists in pronation
When these muscles contract, they pul the distal end of the
radius over the ulna, resulting in pronation of the hand
Supination ? Supinator
Biceps brachii
Wrist joint & joints of hand
? Synovial joint
? Variety ?ellipsoid
? Articular surface-
Proximal-Distal end of
radius &Inferior surface of
articular disc of inferior
radioulnar joint
? Distal- Proximal surface of
scaphoid, lunate &
triquetral
Capsular ligament-
Attached to the
margin of proximal &
distal surface
Thickenings in the
capsule-
Anteriorly -
In lateral part palmar
radiocarpal ligament
Thickenings in the capsule-
Posteriorly- dorsal radiocarpal ligament
? Ulnar collateral ligament
? Radial collateral ligament
? Nerve supply- Anterior & posterior
interosseous nerves
? Blood supply- Radial, ulnar & anterior
interosseous artery
Movements occuring at wrist
joint
? Flexion 85 degree, occur more at
midcarpal joint by -Flexor carpi
radialis, FCU act as prime mover
Palmaris longus, FDS, FDP & FPL
? Extension( 60 degree)- ECRL, ECRB,
ECU act as prime mover assisted by
,Extensor digitorum, EDM & extensor
indicis
? Adduction( 45 degree)- ECU & FCU
? Abduction( 15 degree)- ECRL, ECRB
Joints of hand
? Mid carpal ligament-present
between proximal & distal row of
carpal bones
Carpometacarpal joint of
thumb-
? Saddle variety of synovial joint
? Articular surface- Distal surface
of trapezium
Proximal surface of the first
metacarpal
Movement occuring at first
Carpometacarpal joint
of thumb-
? Flexion- FPL, FPB,& OP
? Extension- EPL,EPB and
APL
? Abduction- APB and APL
? Aduction - AP
? Intercarpal, carpo-
metacarpal and
intermetacarpal joints -
all plane joints having
gliding movements only.
? Metacarpophalangeal
joints- el ipsoid joints
al ows
? Flexion- Lumbricals,
FDS, FDP , PI & DI
? Extension- ED
? Abduction- ED and DI
? Adduction-PI and FDS
and FDP of the fingers.
? Interphalangeal joints- Hinge
joints of the condylar type.
? Each finger has two joints proximal and
distal.
Flexion at proximal IP joints by FDS and
FDP
? Flexion at distal IP joints by FDP
Extension at proximal and distal IP joints
by ED, lumbricals and interossei
? The EI helps in extension of index finger
and EDM helps in that little finger
Applied
? Wrist joint is commonly involved in
rheumatoid arthritis
? Back of wrist is common site of
ganglion
Mechanism of injury In Col es' fracture
Col es' fracture
Col es' fracture
? Colles' fracture - fracture of
the distal forearm in which
broken end of the radius is
bent backwards.
? The fracture is also referred to
as a "dinner fork" or
"bayonet" deformity due to
the shape of the resultant
forearm.
? Symptoms may include pain,
swel ing, deformity, and
bruising.
? Complications may include
damage to the median nerve.
Smith's fracture
MCQ
Q. Injury to the following nerve wil affect both
flexion at elbow joint and supination at
radioulnar joint
a. Radial nerve
b. Musculocutaneous nerve
c. Median nerve
d. Radial nerve
MCQ
Q. Injury to the following nerve wil affect both
flexion at elbow joint and supination at
radioulnar joint
a. Radial nerve
b. Musculocutaneous nerve(Biceps)
c. Median nerve
d. Radial nerve
MCQ
? Q Following bone do not take part in formation
of wrist joint
A Lower end of radius
B Lower end of ulna
C Scaphoid
D Lunate
MCQ
? Q Following bone do not take part in formation
of wrist joint
A Lower end of radius
B Lower end of ulna
C Scaphoid
D Lunate
This post was last modified on 05 April 2022