Download MBBS Anatomy PPT 21 Elbow Radioulnar Wrist Joint Notes

Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) Human Anatomy ppt lectures Topic 21 Elbow Radioulnar Wrist Joint Notes. - anatomy ppt free download human anatomy ppt lectures, medicine notes ppt, anatomy handwritten notes pdf, mbbs 1st year anatomy notes pdf download, best anatomy notes pdf, human anatomy notes pdf, anatomy easy notes pdf, anatomy notes online, anatomy short notes, Anatomy ppt, Powerpoint Presentations and lecture notes.


Learning Objectives

? Normal Anatomy Of joint- Elbow,

raioulnar,wrist and first carpometacarpal joint.

? Important relations of joints
? Muscles producing different movements of

joints

? Applied anatomy

ELBOW JOINT

Type

Synovial / Hinge

compound as it has two

articulations

i)humero ? ulnar &

ii)humero ? radial

Articular surfaces

1. Humerus ?by trochlea &

capitulum

2. Ulna ? trochlear notch

3. Radius ? head

Ligaments:

Fibrous capsule

Ulnar col ateral

ligament

a.

Anterior band

b. Posterior band

c.

Oblique band

Radial col ateral ligament

Synovial membrane




Articular Capsule of Elbow Joint








Relations

? Muscles related

? Anterior ? brachialis

? Posterior? triceps, anconeus

? Lateral ?common extensor

tendon, supinator

? Medial ? flexor carpi ulnaris,

common flexor tendon

? Arterial supply

? From anastomosis around

elbow joint

? Nerves

? Musculo-cutaneous and radial

(with contributions from ulnar

and median nerves)

Anastomosis around Elbow Joint


Movements

-Flexion

-Extension

-Carrying angle disappears in flexion

-Muscles producing movements:

Flexion

-Brachialis

-Biceps

-Brachioradialis

Extension

-Triceps

-Anconeus

APPLIED ANATOMY

Bursitis of olecranon bursa


Dislocation of Elbow Joint

Supracondylar fracture

? May injure

brachial artery

leading to

vasospasm- lead

to ischaemia of

deep flexor

muscles-

volkman's

ischaemic

conracture

? Tennis elbow- sprain or partial tear of radial

collateral ligament due to abrupt pronation-

pain and tenderness at lateral epicondyle

? Golfer's elbow- inflammation of commom

flexor tendons


RADIOULNAR

JOINTS

The radius and ulna articulate by ?

? Synovial

1. Superior radioulnar joint

2. Inferior radioulnar joint

? Non synovial

Middle radioulnar union

Superior Radioulnar Joint

This articulation is a trochoid or

pivot-joint between

? the circumference of the

head of the radius

? ring formed by the radial

notch of the ulna and the

annular ligament.

The Annular Ligament (orbicular

ligament)

It forms about four-fifths of the

osseo- fibrous ring, and is

attached to the anterior and

posterior margins of the radial

notch

Its upper border blends with the

capsule of elbow joint while

from its lower border a thin

loose synovial membrane

passes to be attached to the

neck of the radius
Its deep surface is smooth,

and lined by synovial

membrane, which is

continuous with that of the

elbow-joint.

Quadrate ligament

A thickened band which

extends from the inferior

border of the annular

ligament below the radial

notch to the neck of the

radius is known as the

quadrate ligament.

Middle Radioulnar

Union

The shafts of the radius and ulna are connected by

Oblique Cord and Interosseous Membrane

The Oblique Cord (oblique

ligament)

Extend downward and lateral y,
from the
lateral side of the ulnar tuberosity
to the radius a little below the

radial tuberosity.

Its fibers run in the opposite

direction to those of the

interosseous membrane.

The Interosseous Membrane

Descend obliquely downward

and medially

It extends from the

interosseous crest of the

radius to that of the ulna.

It is deficient above,

commencing about 2.5 cm.

beneath the tuberosity of

the radius.


It helps to transmit

forces to ulna and

humerus acting

proximally from hand

to radius

Inferior Radioulnar Joint

Uniaxial pivot-joint

between head of the ulna and

the ulnar notch on the

lower end of the radius.

The articular surfaces are

enclosed by capsule and

connected together by ?

? Articular ligaments

1.Anterior radioulnar

ligament

2. Posterior radioulnar

ligament

? Articular disc

Anterior Radioulnar

ligament

This ligament is a

narrow band of fibers

extending from the

anterior margin of the

ulnar notch of the

radius to the front of
the head of the ulna.
Posterior (Dorsal)Radioulnar

ligament

This ligament

extends

between

corresponding

surfaces on

the dorsal

aspect of the
articulation.

The Articular Disc

The articular disc is triangular in

shape placed transversely beneath

the head of the ulna

Its periphery is thicker than its center,

which is occasionally perforated.

Radius

Attachment ?

apex to a depression between the

styloid process and the head of

the ulna;

base, which is thin, to the prominent

edge between the ulnar notch and

carpal articular surface of the

radius.

Synovial

Membrane

The synovial

membrane of this

articulation is

extremely loose,

It extends upward as a

recess (recessus

sacciformis)

between the radius

and the ulna.

Movements

.
Pronation ? Radius turns anteromedially and

obliquely across the ulna, its proximal end

remaining lateral and distal end becoming

medial. During this action, interosseous

membrane becomes spiralled.

Supination ? Radius returns to a position

lateral and paral el to ulna and interosseous

membrane becomes unspiral ed.

Hand can thus be turned through 140? ? 150?

and with elbow extended this can be

increased to 360? by humeral rotation and

scapular movement.


Axis of supination and pronation extends from the center

of the head of the radius to the ulnar attachment of

articular disc. This is axis of movement of radius

relative to ulna and it does not remain stationery.

In this movement the distal head of the ulna is not

stationary, but describes a curve in a direction

opposite to that taken by the head of the radius.

Muscles Producing Movement

Pronation ? Pronator quadratus

Pronator Teres
Gravity also assists in pronation

When these muscles contract, they pul the distal end of the

radius over the ulna, resulting in pronation of the hand

Supination ? Supinator

Biceps brachii


Wrist joint & joints of hand

? Synovial joint

? Variety ?ellipsoid
? Articular surface-

Proximal-Distal end of

radius &Inferior surface of

articular disc of inferior

radioulnar joint

? Distal- Proximal surface of

scaphoid, lunate &

triquetral

Capsular ligament-

Attached to the

margin of proximal &

distal surface

Thickenings in the

capsule-

Anteriorly -
In lateral part palmar

radiocarpal ligament


Thickenings in the capsule-
Posteriorly- dorsal radiocarpal ligament
? Ulnar collateral ligament
? Radial collateral ligament

? Nerve supply- Anterior & posterior

interosseous nerves

? Blood supply- Radial, ulnar & anterior

interosseous artery

Movements occuring at wrist

joint

? Flexion 85 degree, occur more at

midcarpal joint by -Flexor carpi

radialis, FCU act as prime mover

Palmaris longus, FDS, FDP & FPL

? Extension( 60 degree)- ECRL, ECRB,

ECU act as prime mover assisted by

,Extensor digitorum, EDM & extensor

indicis

? Adduction( 45 degree)- ECU & FCU

? Abduction( 15 degree)- ECRL, ECRB

Joints of hand

? Mid carpal ligament-present

between proximal & distal row of

carpal bones

Carpometacarpal joint of

thumb-

? Saddle variety of synovial joint

? Articular surface- Distal surface

of trapezium

Proximal surface of the first

metacarpal

Movement occuring at first

Carpometacarpal joint

of thumb-

? Flexion- FPL, FPB,& OP
? Extension- EPL,EPB and

APL

? Abduction- APB and APL
? Aduction - AP


? Intercarpal, carpo-

metacarpal and

intermetacarpal joints -

all plane joints having

gliding movements only.

? Metacarpophalangeal

joints- el ipsoid joints

al ows

? Flexion- Lumbricals,

FDS, FDP , PI & DI

? Extension- ED
? Abduction- ED and DI
? Adduction-PI and FDS

and FDP of the fingers.


? Interphalangeal joints- Hinge

joints of the condylar type.

? Each finger has two joints proximal and

distal.

Flexion at proximal IP joints by FDS and

FDP

? Flexion at distal IP joints by FDP
Extension at proximal and distal IP joints

by ED, lumbricals and interossei

? The EI helps in extension of index finger

and EDM helps in that little finger

Applied

? Wrist joint is commonly involved in

rheumatoid arthritis

? Back of wrist is common site of

ganglion

Mechanism of injury In Col es' fracture




Col es' fracture

Col es' fracture

? Colles' fracture - fracture of

the distal forearm in which

broken end of the radius is

bent backwards.

? The fracture is also referred to

as a "dinner fork" or

"bayonet" deformity due to

the shape of the resultant

forearm.

? Symptoms may include pain,

swel ing, deformity, and

bruising.

? Complications may include

damage to the median nerve.

Smith's fracture
MCQ

Q. Injury to the following nerve wil affect both

flexion at elbow joint and supination at

radioulnar joint
a. Radial nerve
b. Musculocutaneous nerve
c. Median nerve
d. Radial nerve

MCQ

Q. Injury to the following nerve wil affect both

flexion at elbow joint and supination at

radioulnar joint
a. Radial nerve
b. Musculocutaneous nerve(Biceps)
c. Median nerve
d. Radial nerve

MCQ

? Q Following bone do not take part in formation

of wrist joint

A Lower end of radius
B Lower end of ulna
C Scaphoid
D Lunate

MCQ

? Q Following bone do not take part in formation

of wrist joint

A Lower end of radius
B Lower end of ulna
C Scaphoid
D Lunate

This post was last modified on 05 April 2022