Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) Human Anatomy ppt lectures Topic 3 Embryo Urinary System Notes. - anatomy ppt free download human anatomy ppt lectures, medicine notes ppt, anatomy handwritten notes pdf, mbbs 1st year anatomy notes pdf download, best anatomy notes pdf, human anatomy notes pdf, anatomy easy notes pdf, anatomy notes online, anatomy short notes, Anatomy ppt, Powerpoint Presentations and lecture notes.
Intermediate Mesoderm Forms Much
of the Urogenital System
Mesoderm in the Chick Embryo
Lateral Rotation
Hindgut with allantois
Hind Gut-Cloaca
Urorectal Septum
Urorectal Septum
Urorectal Septum
Urorectal Septal Defects and
Imperforate Anus
Kidney Systems
Pronephric Kidney
Collecting System Forms from the
Ureteric Bud
The Ureteric Bud Induces the Metanephric
Blastema to Form Filtration Units
MCQ
When does the metanephros become
functional?
(A) At week 3 of development
(B) At week 4 of development
(C) At week 10 of development
(D) Just before birth
(E) Just after birth
Molecular Regulation of Kidney
Development
Renal Tumors and Defects
? Wilms' tumor is a cancer of the kidneys that
usually affects children by 5 years of age but may
also occur in the fetus.
? Wilms' tumor is due to mutations in the WT1
gene on 11p13, and it may be associated with
other abnormalities and syndromes.
? For example, WAGR syndrome is characterized by
aniridia, Genitourinary abnormalities, and Wilms'
tumor and mental retardation
? Denys-Drash syndrome consists of renal failure,
pseudohermaphrodism, and Wilms' tumor.
Renal dysplasias and agenesis
? Multicystic dysplastic kidney in which
numerous ducts are surrounded by
undifferentiated cells.
? Nephrons fail to develop
? ureteric bud fails to branch,
? the collecting ducts never form.
In some cases, these defects cause involution of
the kidneys and renal agenesis
Position of the Kidney
? The kidney, initially in the pelvic region, later shifts to a
more cranial position in the abdomen.
This ascent of the kidney is caused by
? diminution of body curvature
? by growth of the body in the lumbar and sacral regions
In the pelvis, the metanephros receives its arterial
supply from a pelvic branch of the aorta. During its ascent
to the abdominal level, it is vascularized by arteries that
originate from the aorta at continuously higher levels.
The lower vessels usually degenerate, but some may
remain.
Kidneys Develop in the Pelvic Region
Ascent of the Kidneys
Rotation Of Kidney
Developmental anomalies of the kidney
A. Renal agenesis :
? Failure of one or both kidneys to develop
? Bilateral: rare, associated with other
congenital anomalies, incompatible with life
? Unilateral: common (one in 4,000 infants,
more boys than girls) , asymptomatic;
? Other kidney enlarges to compensate#Absent
ipsilateral renal artery
Pelvic and Horseshoe Kidneys
Developmental Anamoly-
Fused Kidneys
Developmental Anamoly- Disc Kidney
In congenital polycystic kidney disease
? It may be inherited as an autosomal recessive or autosomal
dominant disorder or may be caused by other factors.
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
? which occurs in 1/5,000 births, is a progressive disorder in
which cysts form from collecting ducts. The kidneys
become very large, and renal failure occurs in infancy or
childhood.
In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease,
cysts form from all segments of the nephron and usually do
not cause renal failure until adulthood. The autosomal
dominant disease is more common (1/500 to 1/1,000 births)
but less progressive than the autosomal recessive disease.
Polycystic Kidney
Recessive form: 1:5000; cysts from collecting tubules; renal failure in infancy
Dominant form: 1:500-1000: cysts from anywhere; renal failure in adulthood
Duplications of the Ureters
Kidneys With Double Ureter
Duplication of the ureter
? results from early splitting of the ureteric bud
? Splitting may be partial or complete, and metanephric
tissue may be divided into two parts, each with its own
renal pelvis and ureter. More frequently, however, the two
parts have a number of lobes in common as a result of
intermingling of collecting tubules.
? In rare cases, one ureter opens into the bladder, and the
other is ectopic, entering the vagina, urethra, or vestibule .
This abnormality results from development of two ureteric
buds. One of the buds usually has a normal position,
whereas the abnormal bud moves down together with the
mesonephric duct. Thus it has a low, abnormal entrance in
the bladder, urethra, vagina, or epididymal region.
Possible Positions for Ectopic Ureters
MCQ
During surgery for a benign cyst on the kidney, the
surgeon notes that the patient's right kidney has two
ureters and two renal pelves. This malformation is
? (A) an abnormal division of the pronephros
? (B) an abnormal division of the
mesonephros
? (C) formation of an extra mass of intermediate
mesoderm
? (D) a premature division of the metanephric
blastema
? (E) a premature division of the ureteric bud
MCQ
? The transitional epithelium lining the urinary
bladder is derived from
? (A) ectoderm
? (B) endoderm
? (C) mesoderm
? (D) endoderm and mesoderm
? (E) neural crest cells
MCQ
The transitional epithelium lining the ureter is
derived from
? (A) ectoderm
? (B) endoderm
? (C) mesoderm
? (D) endoderm and mesoderm
? (E) neural crest cells
MCQ
The podocytes of Bowman's capsule are derived
from
? (A) ectoderm
? (B) endoderm
? (C) mesoderm
? (D) endoderm and mesoderm
? (E) neural crest cells
MCQ
The proximal convoluted tubules of the
definitive adult kidney are derived from the
? (A) ureteric bud
? (B) metanephric vesicle
? (C) mesonephric duct
? (D) mesonephric tubules
? (E) pronephric tubules
Floating kidney- Dietl's Crisis
Bladder Development
Final Position of the Ureters and
Mesonephric Duct (Vas Deferens)
Bladder Development: Incorporation
of the Mesonephric Duct
Urachal Abnormalities
MCQ
The trigone on the posterior wall of the urinary
bladder is formed by the
? (A) incorporation of the lower end of the
mesonephric ducts
? (B) incorporation of the lower end of the
pronephric ducts
? (C) incorporation of the metanephric
blastema
? (D) incorporation of the mesonephric tubules
? (E) incorporation of the pronephric tubules
Ectopic Vesicae
MCQ
Immediately after birth of a boy, a moist, red
protrusion of tissue is noted just superior to his
pubic symphysis. After observation, urine drainage
is noted from the upper lateral corners of this tissue
mass. What is the diagnosis?
? (A) Pelvic kidney
? (B) Horseshoe kidney
? (C) Polycystic disease of the kidney
? (D) Urachal cyst
? (E) Exstrophy of the bladder
MCQ
A urachal cyst is a remnant of the
? (A) urogenital sinus
? (B) urogenital ridge
? (C) cloaca
? (D) allantois
? (E) mesonephric duc
This post was last modified on 05 April 2022