Mesoderm in the Chick Embryo
Lateral Rotation
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Hindgut with allantois
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Hind Gut-Cloaca
Urorectal Septum
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Urorectal Septum--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Urorectal SeptumUrorectal Septal Defects and
Imperforate Anus
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Kidney Systems
Pronephric Kidney
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Collecting System Forms from the
Ureteric Bud
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The Ureteric Bud Induces the Metanephric
Blastema to Form Filtration Units
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MCQ
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When does the metanephros becomefunctional?
(A) At week 3 of development
(B) At week 4 of development
(C) At week 10 of development
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(D) Just before birth(E) Just after birth
Molecular Regulation of Kidney
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DevelopmentRenal Tumors and Defects
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? Wilms' tumor is a cancer of the kidneys thatusually affects children by 5 years of age but may
also occur in the fetus.
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? Wilms' tumor is due to mutations in the WT1
gene on 11p13, and it may be associated with
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other abnormalities and syndromes.? For example, WAGR syndrome is characterized by
aniridia, Genitourinary abnormalities, and Wilms'
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tumor and mental retardation
? Denys-Drash syndrome consists of renal failure,
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pseudohermaphrodism, and Wilms' tumor.Renal dysplasias and agenesis
? Multicystic dysplastic kidney in which
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numerous ducts are surrounded by
undifferentiated cells.
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? Nephrons fail to develop? ureteric bud fails to branch,
? the collecting ducts never form.
In some cases, these defects cause involution of
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the kidneys and renal agenesisPosition of the Kidney
? The kidney, initially in the pelvic region, later shifts to a
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more cranial position in the abdomen.
This ascent of the kidney is caused by
? diminution of body curvature
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? by growth of the body in the lumbar and sacral regionsIn the pelvis, the metanephros receives its arterial
supply from a pelvic branch of the aorta. During its ascent
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to the abdominal level, it is vascularized by arteries thatoriginate from the aorta at continuously higher levels.
The lower vessels usually degenerate, but some may
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remain.
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Kidneys Develop in the Pelvic Region
Ascent of the Kidneys
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Rotation Of KidneyDevelopmental anomalies of the kidney
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A. Renal agenesis :? Failure of one or both kidneys to develop
? Bilateral: rare, associated with other
congenital anomalies, incompatible with life
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? Unilateral: common (one in 4,000 infants,
more boys than girls) , asymptomatic;
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? Other kidney enlarges to compensate#Absentipsilateral renal artery
Pelvic and Horseshoe Kidneys
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Developmental Anamoly-
Fused Kidneys
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Developmental Anamoly- Disc KidneyIn congenital polycystic kidney disease
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? It may be inherited as an autosomal recessive or autosomaldominant disorder or may be caused by other factors.
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
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? which occurs in 1/5,000 births, is a progressive disorder inwhich cysts form from collecting ducts. The kidneys
become very large, and renal failure occurs in infancy or
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childhood.
In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease,
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cysts form from all segments of the nephron and usually donot cause renal failure until adulthood. The autosomal
dominant disease is more common (1/500 to 1/1,000 births)
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but less progressive than the autosomal recessive disease.
Polycystic Kidney
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Recessive form: 1:5000; cysts from collecting tubules; renal failure in infancyDominant form: 1:500-1000: cysts from anywhere; renal failure in adulthood
Duplications of the Ureters
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Kidneys With Double Ureter
Duplication of the ureter
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? results from early splitting of the ureteric bud
? Splitting may be partial or complete, and metanephric
tissue may be divided into two parts, each with its own
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renal pelvis and ureter. More frequently, however, the two
parts have a number of lobes in common as a result of
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intermingling of collecting tubules.? In rare cases, one ureter opens into the bladder, and the
other is ectopic, entering the vagina, urethra, or vestibule .
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This abnormality results from development of two ureteric
buds. One of the buds usually has a normal position,
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whereas the abnormal bud moves down together with themesonephric duct. Thus it has a low, abnormal entrance in
the bladder, urethra, vagina, or epididymal region.
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Possible Positions for Ectopic Ureters
MCQ
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During surgery for a benign cyst on the kidney, thesurgeon notes that the patient's right kidney has two
ureters and two renal pelves. This malformation is
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? (A) an abnormal division of the pronephros? (B) an abnormal division of the
mesonephros
? (C) formation of an extra mass of intermediate
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mesoderm
? (D) a premature division of the metanephric
blastema
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? (E) a premature division of the ureteric budMCQ
? The transitional epithelium lining the urinary
bladder is derived from
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? (A) ectoderm? (B) endoderm
? (C) mesoderm
? (D) endoderm and mesoderm
? (E) neural crest cells
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MCQ
The transitional epithelium lining the ureter is
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derived from? (A) ectoderm
? (B) endoderm
? (C) mesoderm
? (D) endoderm and mesoderm
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? (E) neural crest cellsMCQ
The podocytes of Bowman's capsule are derived
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from
? (A) ectoderm
? (B) endoderm
? (C) mesoderm
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? (D) endoderm and mesoderm? (E) neural crest cells
MCQ
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The proximal convoluted tubules of thedefinitive adult kidney are derived from the
? (A) ureteric bud
? (B) metanephric vesicle
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? (C) mesonephric duct? (D) mesonephric tubules
? (E) pronephric tubules
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Floating kidney- Dietl's CrisisBladder Development
Final Position of the Ureters and
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Mesonephric Duct (Vas Deferens)
Bladder Development: Incorporation
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of the Mesonephric Duct
Urachal Abnormalities
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MCQThe trigone on the posterior wall of the urinary
bladder is formed by the
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? (A) incorporation of the lower end of themesonephric ducts
? (B) incorporation of the lower end of the
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pronephric ducts? (C) incorporation of the metanephric
blastema
? (D) incorporation of the mesonephric tubules
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? (E) incorporation of the pronephric tubulesEctopic Vesicae
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MCQ
Immediately after birth of a boy, a moist, red
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protrusion of tissue is noted just superior to hispubic symphysis. After observation, urine drainage
is noted from the upper lateral corners of this tissue
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mass. What is the diagnosis?
? (A) Pelvic kidney
? (B) Horseshoe kidney
? (C) Polycystic disease of the kidney
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? (D) Urachal cyst? (E) Exstrophy of the bladder
MCQ
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A urachal cyst is a remnant of the? (A) urogenital sinus
? (B) urogenital ridge
? (C) cloaca
? (D) allantois
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