Download MBBS Anatomy PPT 35 Vessels And Circulation Notes

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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1. To study the structure of blood and lymphatic vessels.

2. To co-relate histology of these structure with their

functions.

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3. To identify various types of blood vessels in a given

slide.

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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Heart
Blood vessels

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Two separate loops:

1. Pulmonary Circuit
2. Systemic Circuit

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3 MAJOR BLOOD VESSELS

Arteries- arterioles
Capillaries
Veins - venules

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Arteries carry blood away
from the heart
Veins carry blood towards
the heart

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GENERAL STRUCTURE OF VESSELS

Three layers

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1. Tunica intima - intima
2. Tunica media ? smooth muscle
3. Tunica externa - adventitia

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GENERAL STRUCTURE OF VESSELS

3 TUNICAE

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TUNICA INTIMA

Endothelium

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Mechanical support

Channels

Tight junctions,

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gap junctions

Basal lamina

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Subendothelial connective

tissue

Internal elastic lamina

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TUNICA MEDIA

Smooth muscle

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Circumferential smooth muscle

Some connective tissue

External elastic lamina

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TUNICA ADVENTITIA

Connective tissue fibres- collagen type ?

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Elastic fibres- fenestrated sheets

ARTERIES

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Specialisation

pressure generated during systole
regulation of blood supply to the target tissues

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of the arteries.

Elastic arteries

Muscular arteries

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ELASTIC ARTERIES

Expand
Recoil- additional force

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Propagates blood
Dampens pressure
Eg. Aorta and its branches

MUSCULAR ARTERY

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Change in diameter and
Regulate flow to organs
Internal and external
elastic lamina clearly seen

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Eg. Coronary artery

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ARTERIOLES

100 micron diameter
No internal elastic lamina

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Terminal arterioles- less than 50 micron -12 micron

meta-arterioles (precapillary sphincter)

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capillaries

CAPILLARY BED

Muscular artery

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IDENTIFY

Arteriole

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Elastic artery

Venule

CAPILLARIES

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8 micron
Universal function

Oxygen and nutrient delivery

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CO2 and nitrogenous waste removal

Single layer of endothelial cells
surrounded by basal lamina

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Pericytes

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CAPILLARIES

Connective tissue wall

Skin

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Renal glomeruli

Spleen

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Connective tissue

Intestinal villi

Liver

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Muscle

Endocrine glands

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Adrenal cortex

Lung

pancreas

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Hypophysis

Brain

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Parathyroid gland

ARTERIOVENOUS ANASTOMOSIS

VENULES

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20-30 micron
Endothelium
Basal lamina
Thin adventitia

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Permeable wall

VEINS

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Veins are larger than

arteries

Thin walled

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More collagen in tunica

media

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Less elastic tissue

Tunica adventitia thicker

than tunica media

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VALVES

Allow glow towards

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heart

Prevent backflow
Most abundant in legs

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Muscular contraction

helps

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VASA VASORUM

SOME DISEASES

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

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Cerebrovascular disease ? affects brain, strokes
Coronary artery disease (CAD) ? arteries of heart
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) ? arterial

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Affecting veins

Chronic venous insufficiency
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT)

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Aneurysms

Portal hypertension

Hypertension

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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

One way system: to the heart

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Return excess tissue fluid and

leaked proteins

"Lymph" is this fluid

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Edema results if system

blocked or surgically removed

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LYMPH CAPILLARIES

Greater permeability

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Endothelium
Basal Lamina Absent
No pericytes
No connective tissue

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Absent in avascular tissues

LYMPHATIC VESSELS

Similar to blood vessels (3 layers), but thin &

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delicate

Superficial - skin with superficial veins
Deep - trunk and digestive viscera with deep

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arteries

Very low pressure
Drain into lymph nodes

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