Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) Human Anatomy ppt lectures Topic 47 Cecum Appendix Notes. - anatomy ppt free download human anatomy ppt lectures, medicine notes ppt, anatomy handwritten notes pdf, mbbs 1st year anatomy notes pdf download, best anatomy notes pdf, human anatomy notes pdf, anatomy easy notes pdf, anatomy notes online, anatomy short notes, Anatomy ppt, Powerpoint Presentations and lecture notes.
Cecum is the commencement of large
intestine, furnished with taenia coli.
Its a cul-de-sac (blind space).
Present usually in
the right iliac fossa.
Size: Length-6 cm,Breadth-7.5 cm
Shape: Asymmetric.According to the shape,the cecum is
divided into
Infantile type
? Foetal type
? Adult type
? Exaggerated type
q Relations:
? Peritoneal- Covered by peritoneum on all side
Relations
? Anteriorly:
1. Coils of small intestine.
2. Sometimes part of the greater omentum.
3. And the anterior abdominal wall in the right iliac region.
? Posteriorly:
1. The psoas and the iliacus muscles.
2. The femoral nerve.
3. The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh.
4. The appendix is commonly found behind the cecum.
? Medially:
The appendix arises from the cecum on its medial side.
Blood Supply
Arteries
Anterior and posterior cecal arteries from the ileocolic
artery, a branch of the superior mesenteric artery.
Veins
The veins correspond to the arteries and drain into the
superior mesenteric vein.
Lymph Drainage
The lymph vessels pass through several mesenteric nodes
and finally reach the superior mesenteric nodes.
Nerve Supply
Branches from the sympathetic(T11-L1) and
parasympathetic (vagus) nerves form the superior
mesenteric plexus.
q Interior of the cecum
It has two orifices.
? Ileo-ceacal Orifice
? Appendicular Orifice
A narrow worm-like tubular diverticulum which
arises from the postero-medial wall of the ceacum.
Suspended by a peritoneal fold called
mesoappendix.
The body of appendix is kinked on itself,hence
called vermiform appendix.
Devoid of taenia coli,sacculations and appendices
epiploicae.
Large aggregations of lymphatic tissue-
Abdominal Tonsil
Average length- 9 cm
Presenting parts:
? Base-attached to the posteromedial wall of
ceacum.
? Body-narrow,tubular and contains a canal which
opens into ceacum.
? Tip-least vascular and is directed in various
positions.
According to the orientation of tip, appendix is
divided into following types:
? Paracolic (11 o' clock)
? Retrocecal (12 o'clock)
? Splenic (2 o'clock)
? Promonteric (3 o'clock)
? Pelvic type(4 o'clock)
? Mid-inguinal type(6 o'clock)
Mesoappendix:
Triangular peritoneal fol which invests the entire appendix
Derived from the posterior layer of mesentery of the ileum.
Appendicular vessels pass with in the free margin of the
mesoappendix.
Blood Supply
Arteries
The APPENDICULAR artery- branch of the ILEO COLIC artery.
Veins
The appendicular vein drains into ILEO COLIC vein.
Lymph Drainage
The lymph vessels drain into one or two nodes lying in the
mesoappendix and then eventually into the superior mesenteric
nodes.
Nerve Supply
The appendix is supplied by the sympathetic and
parasympathetic (vagus) nerves from the superior
mesenteric plexus.
Afferent nerve fibers concerned with the conduction of
visceral pain from the appendix accompany the
sympathetic nerves and enter the spinal cord at the level of
the 10th thoracic segment.
APPENDICITIS
Inflamation of appendix is called appendicitis.It is usually
manifested by pain,temperature and vomitting ? Murphy's
Syndrome.
The pain is often felt first in umbilical region,then settles
in the right iliac area due to local peritonitis.
It is associated with tenderness and regidity at
McBurney's Point-represented by a point at the
junction of medial 2/3rd & lateral 1/3rd of a line
which extends from umbilicus to Rt. Anterior
superior iliac spine.
In retroceacal appendicitis patient experiences pain on
extension of Rt. Hip joint due to tension of the irritated
Rt.Psoas major muscle - Psoas Test.
Anatomical factors which cause appendicitis are-
? Faecolith in the blind lumen of appendix.
? Supplied by an end artery.
? Presence of hiatus muscularis in the muscular
coat.
? Presence of numerous lymphatic follicles in the
sub mucous coat.
The surgical removal of appendix is known as
Appendicectomy.
If the ceacum adheres to the inferior surface of the
liver when it returns to the abdomen,it wil be
drawn superiorly as the liver dimnishes in size.As
a result ceacum & appendix remains in the fetal
position.
Its more common in males & occur in about 6% of
fetuses.
It may create a problem in the diagnosis of
appendicitis & appendectomy.
Subhepatic ceacum and Appendix
It results from incomplete fixation of the ascending
colon.
In approximately 10% people ceacum has an
abnormal freedom & in unusual cases it may
herniate in to Rt.inguinal canal.
This condition is clinically significant as it can
lead to Volvulus (twisting)of ceacum.
Ceacal Volvulus
Mobile Ceacum
Sometimes the terminal part of the ileum is
telescopically invaginated into ceacum and
ascending colon at the ileo-ceacal junction and
produces intestinal obstruction. This phenomenon
is called intussusception.
Caecum acts as a guide in the operation of
intestinal obstruction:-
? If the ceacum is distended,obstruction occur in the
large gut.
? If the ceacum is empty,the obstruction is of small
gut.
This post was last modified on 05 April 2022