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Download MBBS Anatomy PPT 6 Pectoral Region Notes

Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) Human Anatomy ppt lectures Topic 6 Pectoral Region Notes. - anatomy ppt free download human anatomy ppt lectures, medicine notes ppt, anatomy handwritten notes pdf, mbbs 1st year anatomy notes pdf download, best anatomy notes pdf, human anatomy notes pdf, anatomy easy notes pdf, anatomy notes online, anatomy short notes, Anatomy ppt, Powerpoint Presentations and lecture notes.

This post was last modified on 05 April 2022

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? By the end of the lecture the students should be able

to :

? Identify and describe the muscles of the pectoral region.

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? Pectoralis major.
? Pectoralis minor.
? Subclavius.
? Serratus anterior.
? Action of these muscles

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? Clavipectoral Fascia
? Blood & Nerve Supply
? Clinical Relevance

Pectoral region

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1. Bony landmark :

Sternum:

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Jugular notch (body of T2)

Sternal angle of Louise (T4-5)

Xiphosternal joint (T9)

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Ribs & costal cartilage

Scapular: acromian,

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coracoid process

Clavicle:

Humerus:

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?supraclavicular fossa

head

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?infraclavicular fossa

.2Superficial structure

- skin & derivative of skin (breast)

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Breast : nipple, areolar, mammary

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gland (F)

1. Surface Anatomy (position) :

Nipple ? 4-5" from the midline,

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intercostal space 4

Breast ? between rib 2-7

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2. Components :

- subcutaneous fat, mammary gland

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- Lactiferous duct

- Cooper's ligament (suspensory

ligament)

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- Retinaculum cutis fascia

The majority of the breast is in the superficial fascia, except the tail part

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(Tail of Spence) extends upward laterally into deep fascia at the lower border of

pectoralis major.

2/3 of the gland lies on pectoralis major

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1/3 of the gland lies on serratus anterior

Deltopectoral Triangle

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-deep fascia separating deltoid and pectoralis muscles

- Platysma = superficial muscle, thin plate, extends from the mandible to the

clavicle

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3. Muscles of pectoral

region

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a. Pectoralis Major

b. Pectoralis Minor

c. Serratus Anterior

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d. Subclavious
Pectoralis major

Origin

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Anterior sternal half of the

clavicle;

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Manubrium and Sternum upto

sixth costal cartilages

Cartilages of al the true ribs,

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Aponeurosis of the abdominal

external oblique

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Insertion

By a bilaminar tendon into the

lateral lip of the bicipital

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groove of the humerus

Innervation

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Medial and lateral pectoral

nerves

Flexion of the

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Actions

humerus,

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Adduction of the

humerus and

Medial rotation of

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the humerus.

Clavicular part : flexion,

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adduction, and medial

rotation of the

humerus.

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Sternocostal part

extension of the flexed

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arm as in climbing.

It aids in deep

inspiration.

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Origin

It

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Pectoralis minor

arises from the upper margins and outer

surfaces of the third, fourth, and fifth ribs,

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Inserted into the medial border and upper

surface of the coracoid process of the scapula.

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Innervation

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Actions

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Protracts the scapula with serratus anterior

Depresses the shoulder with the rhomboids

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and levator scapulae

Important

The pectoralis minor muscle is covered by

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the clavipectoral fascia.

The medial pectoral nerve pierces the

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pectoralis minor .

Axil ary artery is divided into three parts by

pectoralis minor.

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Clavipectoral fascia

Encloses subclavius and Pectoralis

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Minor.

It is pierced by :

Lateral pectoral nerve.

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Thoraco- acromial artery

Cephalic vein.

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Lymph nodes from pectoral

region to apical group of axil ary

lymph nodes

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PectoralGirdle : clavicle,

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scapular, ribs

Clavipectoral fascia /

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Costocoracoid

membrane

- deep fascia separating the

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pectoralis and the subclavious

Serratus anterior Origin

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Arises from ribs 1 to 8, to be inserted into

the medial border of the scapula.

Insertion

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? Medial border of the scapula between

the superior and inferior angles.

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? 1st and 2nd digitations to upper angle of

scapula.(C5)

? 3rd and 4th digitations to medial border on

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costal surface upto the inferior angle.

? Lower 4 digitations to inferior angle of

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scapula.

Action

Protraction of the scapula along with

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pectoralis minor.

? The fibres inserted on inferior angle

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rotate scapula laterally and upwards in

overhead abduction with trapezius.

Assists in respiration.

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Innervation

long thoracic nerve(Nerve of Bell)

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-Blood supply to the pectoral region

1. Axillary artery

2. Perforating branches of the internal thoracic a.

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1. Axillary artery :

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divided into 3 parts

First part :

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Supreme thoracic a.

Second part :

1.Thoraco-acromial trunk

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Acromial branch

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Pectoral branch


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Clavicular branch

Deltoid branch

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2. Lateral thoracic a.

Third part :

give branches to supply head of humerus and

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scapular regions

Venous drainage at the pectoral region

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.1Deep veins - axillary v. <= from the muscles

.2Superficial veins

- cephalic v. (from upper limb) at the

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deltopectoral triangle, it pierces the

clavipectoral fascia (or infraclavicular fossa)

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into the axillary v.

-from mammary gland, it drains into deep veins

=> internal thoracic v. and lateral thoracic v.

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Nerve Supply of the pectoral region

.1- medial & lateral pectoral nerve (terminal

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branches from the cords of the Brachial plexus (C5-

8 & T1)

- nerve to subclavius (a branch from upper trunk of

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the Brachial plexus)

- long thoracic nerve (nerve roots from C5-6-7 of

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the Brachial plexus)


Brachial plexus (C5-8 & T1)

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.2Spinal n. / Sensory (cutaneous) n

- Supraclavicular nerve (C3-4, medial, intermediate & lateral branches)

- Intercostal nerve T3-7 (anterior & lateral cutaneous branches)

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*Dermatome at the pectoral region: C3-4, T3-7

Applied aspect

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? Serratus anterior is called the

Boxer's muscle since it is

responsible for pushing and

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punching movements.

? Paralysis of this muscle results

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in a "winged scapula" ,results

in protrusion of the scapula on

the af ected side when the

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patient is asked to push

against the wall with both

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arms extended.

? Winged scapula occurs in

lateral thoracic nerve

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paralysis


Paralysis of Serratus anterior

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muscle.

Clinical Relevance

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.1Chest wall ? heart /lung sound

.2Clavipectoral fascia

- protection of the vessels and nerves underneath

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-limit spreading of the abscess from upper limb to the

neck

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.3Fracture of clavicle

-common site is at 1/3 from the lateral

-Poland Anomaly

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-Cardiac Catheterisation- Basilic vein

1. Which one of the fol owing muscles performs adduction of the arm ?

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a. Pectoralis minor.

b. Pectoralis major.

c. Subclavius.

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d. Serratus anterior.

2. Serratus anterior is innervated by :

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a. Thoracodorsal nerve.

b. Long thoracic nerve.

c. Axil ary nerve.

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d. Radial nerve.


3. Which one of the fol owing muscles contributes in rotation of the scapula above the head?

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a. Pectoralis major.

b. Pectoralis minor.

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c. Serratus anterior.

d. Teres major.


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4. Which one of the fol owing do not pierces clavipectoral fascia?

a. Lateral Pectoral Nerve.

b. Lymph Nodes.

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c. Cephalic Vein.

d. Lateral thoracic artery.

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5. Nerve to subclavius is a branch from which part of brachial plexus?

a. Roots.

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b. Divisions.

c. Cords.

D. Trunks.

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