Download MBBS Physiology Presentations Renal Physiology ? Introductory Lecture Notes

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Renal Physiology ? Introductory Lecture

To understand:

`Physiologic' freedom

Components of Urinary/Excretory/Renal system

External features & location of kidneys & applied aspects.

Inner structure of kidneys
Introduction to Renal system

Kidneys play very imp role

to keep

Constancy of `internal milieu'

&
allow `physiologic freedom'

Physiologic freedom is possible as

kidneys can modulate the processes of excretion

according to need.
Excretory System/Urinary System-components

Excretary System/Urinary System-

Structures and function

Kidneys

Urinary tract

Urinary bladder

Urethra
External structure of Kidneys

Kidneys ?

paired, reddish, bean

shaped organs,

Location of Kidneys-Located retroperitoneally
Applied aspect

if these lower ribs are fractured (#) by trauma ?

they can puncture the kidneys & cause major damage.

Applied: `Loin to Groin' Pain
Causes

renal stone

pyelonephritis

perinephric abscess

*Because the kidney is directly anterior to this area, tapping

disturbs the inflamed tissue, causing pain.
Inner structure of kidney

A frontal section through kidney shows two

distinct regions:

1. Superficial (outer) renal cortex

2. Deep (inner region) is called renal medul a

Together, renal cortex & renal pyramids constitute renal parenchyma.

Inner structure of kidney - renal lobe
Inner structure of kidney - Cortex & Medul a

Functional Configuration of Kidney

Nephrons

`papil ae of renal pyramids'
Minor (8-9) and Major (3-4) calyces)
Renal pelvis (pelv- basin)
Out through ureter
urinary bladder.
Renal hilum and renal sinus

Renal hilum

Renal sinus

Blood supply to kidney - nephrons

/ Cortical radiate a &

v

Aorta

IVC

Renal Artery

Renal vein

Segmental Artery

Interlobar A

Interlobar vein

Arcuate A

Arcuate vein

Interlobular A

Interlobular vein

(Cortical radiate artery)

Afferent Arteriole



Glomerular cp tuft



Efferent Arteriole PTC & Vasa recta
Blood supply to kidney - Nephrons

Aorta

IVC

Renal Artery

Renal vein

Segmental Artery

Interlobar A

Interlobar vein

Arcuate A

Arcuate vein

Interlobular A

Interlobular vein

(Cortical radiate artery)

Afferent Arteriole



Glomerular cp tuft



Efferent Arteriole PTC & Vasa recta

Salient features of the lecture
As we know morphological and anatomical characteristics ?we can relate these to

functioning of kidney

Components of excretory system:

Location- r

Loin to Groin Pain, Tenderness of Costovertebral angle / Renal angle

Two distinct regions in kidney...

The renal lobe

Nephrons

Aorta Renal Artery
Self Assessment

Urinary tract actually includes

Kidneys are situated at this vertebrae level:

1. Ureter

1. L

2. Ureter and pelvis

1-L4

2. L

3. Calyces, pelvis and ureter

2-L4

3. T8-T12

4. Calyces and ureter

4. T12-L3

In kidney, pyramids represent:

Afferent Arteriole is a branch of

1. Cortex

1. Segmental artery

2. Medulla

2. Arcuate artery

3. Cortex and medulla

3. Interlobar artery

4. Cortical radiate artery

4. Renal column