Download MBBS Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Presentations 4 Amputation Prosthesis Lecture Notes

Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) 1st Year, 2nd Year, 3rd Year and Final year Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 4 Amputation Prosthesis PPT-Powerpoint Presentations and lecture notes




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? Definitions

? Types of prosthesis

? Materials used

? Prescription Criteria

? Recent Advancement

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Prosthetics

? The branch of medicine dealing with the Study, Production and

use of artificial body parts.

Prosthesis

? It is an artificial device extension that replaces a absence/lost

body part.

Prosthetist

? The professional skilled in making or fitting prosthetic devices

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Types based on Function:

? Functional Prosthesis (Body-powered or Externally powered

system )

? Cosmetic Prosthesis

? Activity Specific Prosthesis

Types Based on Design:

? Exoskeletal Design

? Endoskeletal Design

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? 1) Wood - commonly willow which is light weight, resilient

& easily shaped.

? 2) Aluminum & its alloys which is light weight, rust free &

durable.

? 3) Plastic and PVC materials.

? 4) Carbon fiber light weight, strong , rust free and durable.

? 5) Leather derivatives.

? 6) costly metals Titanium, Ni, Co etc.

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? Body-powered prostheses: use forces generated by body

movements transmitted through cables to operate joints and
terminal devices.

? Externally powered prostheses: use muscle contractions or manual

switches to activate the prosthesis.

1) Myoelectrically controlled prosthesis - using surface electrodes
to detect electrical activity from select residual limb muscles to
control electric motors.

2) Switch-controlled prostheses - A switch can be activated by the
movement of a remnant digit or part of a bony prominence against
the switch or by a pull on a suspension

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? The two-site/two-function (dual-site) system

? One-site/two-function (single-site) system

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? Multi-articulating myoelectric hands

? Individual motors in each finger

? Microprocessors continuously monitor

the position of each finger

? Automatically senses when a gripped

item

? Different grip patterns

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1) Exoskeletal Design

2) Endoskeletal Design

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? Socket ? Interface between stump and

prosthesis- most important.

? Suspension ? which holds prosthesis.

? Prosthetic shank ? mounting block & ankle

block in exoskeletal & pylon in endoskeletal

prosthesis.

? Prosthetic joint ? knee, ankle

? Foot / ankle foot assembly.

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? Fork strap with waist belt

? Cuff

? Sleeve

? Supracondylar

? Supracondylar supra-patelar

? Gel or elastomeric

? Suction

? Vacuum assisted

? Pin-locking

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1) Quadrilateral Socket

2) Ischial containment socket

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Socket design--

? Plug fit(obsolete)

? Patellar Tendon Bearing(PTB)

? Total Surface Bering(TSB)

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? Manual locking

? Single axis with constant friction

? Weight-activated stance control (safety knee)

? Polycentric

? Hydraulic or pneumatic swing phase control

? Hydraulic swing and stance control

? Microprocessor control (stance or stance and swing phase

control)

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1) SACH foot

2) Single axis foot

3) Multi-axial foot

4) Dynamic response foot

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? Long residual limb & end weight bearing

? Poor cosmesis & limited foot options

? Three conventional types

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? AFO style prosthesis is usually

needed

? It extends upto the the pateller

tendon to distribute forces

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? Medical factors

? Amputation type

? General health

? Stump

Stump : Scar, skin, neuroma, spur, hypersensitivity, redundant

tissues, range of motion, strength and phantom pain

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? Patient's requirement

? Activity Level

? Socio-Economic Condition

? Personal preference

? Availability

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Patient's Vocation

? Executive / Businessman

Better limbs (sophisticated)

? Manual worker

Heavy duty (conventional)

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? Infant ? Soft prosthesis

? Child ? Light weight limb

? Adolescent - Functional limb advanced version limb

? Adult - Functional limb advanced version limb

? Elderly ? Light weight limb

? Female ? Better cosmetic limb

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? Old amputee has good experience of previous prosthesis

? Knows the pros and cons

? Take advantage of his experience with previous prosthesis

? No need to change.

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? May be unrealistic

? Listen

? May be possible / impossible

? Do the needful most suitable

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? For a 24 year old female teacher sustained an open

comminuted fracture & had a mid-thigh amputation after

osteomyelitis

Adv.

? AK Prosthesis with

? Total contact thermoplastic Ischial containment socket

? TES belt suspension

? Hydraulic knee joint

? Lightweight dynamic-response foot

? Cosmetic foam cover

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? For a 72 year old retired man with type II diabetes & peripheral

vascular disease with BK amputation for infected non-healing

ulcer & gangrene

Adv.

? BK Prosthesis with

? total contact PTB thermoplastic socket

? foam liner (soft insert)

? lightweight align able shank

? SACH foot

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Thank you

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This post was last modified on 08 April 2022