Download MBBS Physiology Presentations 1 Renal Nephron Lecture Notes

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The morphological features of a typical nephron.

Functions of kidney.
Functional Units of the kidney - The Nephron

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- Each kidney contains 1-1.2 mil ion nephrons.

-The kidney cannot regenerate new nephrons.

-Total length of a nephron

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(including CLD) - 45 to 65 mm

Structure of functional units of the kidney - Nephron

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A nephron consists of :

I. Renal Corpuscles

I . Renal tubules

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Milestones in the discoveries of Structure and functions of Nephron

Malpighi spotted glomeruli, 1666-

Bowman described glomeruli, 1842 ?

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Ludwig, 1842-

Wearn and Richard,1924 ?

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Structure of functional units of the kidney - Nephron

Glomerulus

Bowman's

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capsule
Structure of functional units of the kidney - Nephron

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

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(PxCT) ?

early (pars convoluta)

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late (pars recta)

Structure of functional units of the kidney - Nephron

Loop of Henle (LOH)?

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The descending LOLOH

Ascending LOLOH ?

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Thin & Thick segments
Structure of functional units of the kidney - Nephron

Distal segment

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Distal Convoluted Tubules (DxCT)

Col ecting tubules

Papil ary CLDuct /duct of Bellini

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Cortical and Juxta medullary nephrons
Nephron ?Tubular cells morphology

Proximal Convoluted

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Tubule

LOH-Thin

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Descending &

Ascending Limbs

LOH-Thick

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Ascending Limb

Distal

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Convoluted T

Col ecting Tubule

Functions of KIDNEY

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Functions of KIDNEY

Water, electrolytes and acid?base homeostasis

Waste products handling

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Endocrine organs

Regulate calcium and phosphate.

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Gluconeogenesis

Salient features of the lecture
Each kidney contains:

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Total length of a nephron (including CLD):

Renal Corpuscles:

Renal tubules:

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Cortical nephrons :

Juxta-medullary nephrons :

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Tubular cel morphology at different regions:
Self Assessment

?What percentage of total

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?Total length of a nephron

nephrons is present as

ranges from:

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Juxta-medullary nephrons

1. 5-10 mm

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in kidney?

2. 25-45 mm

1. 15

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3. 45-65 mm

2. 30

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4. 65-100 mm

3. 60

4. 80

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Micropuncture technique to understand

Brush borders in the form of tall

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renal?nephron specific physiology was

microvilli are present in tubular

carried out by:

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epithelial cells of:

1. Malpighi

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1. PxCT

2. Bowman

2. PxCT and thick asc LOLOH

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3. PxCT and thin asc LOLOH

3. Bellini and Ludwig

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4. PxCT and Collecting tubules

4. Wearn and Richard

Thank you

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