? Warm (30-45)
? Cold (10-40)
? noci
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? TRP- Transient Receptor Potential
(VR- Vanilloid receptor )
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VR1/Capsaicin receptor channelReferred pain
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Endogenousanalgesic system
Gate control
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Descending
control
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Nociceptors
? A. are activated by strong pressure, severe
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cold, severe heat, and chemicals.? B. are absent in visceral organs.
? C. are specialized structures located in the skin
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and joints.? D. are innervated by group II afferents.
? E. are involved in acute but not chronic pain.
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Which of the following are correctly paired?A. Neuropathic pain and withdrawal reflex
B. First pain (fast pain) and dull, intense, diffuse,
and unpleasant feeling
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C. Physiological pain and allodynia
D. Second pain (slow pain) and C fibers
E. Nociceptive pain and nerve damage
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? Hyperalgesia
? Allodynia
? Neuropathic pain
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A 32-year-old female experienced the suddenonset of a severe cramping pain in the
abdominal region. She also became nauseated.
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Visceral pain
A. shows relatively rapid adaptation.
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B. is mediated by B fibers in the dorsal roots ofthe spinal nerves.
C. is poorly localized.
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D. resembles "fast pain" produced by noxious
stimulation of the skin.
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E. causes relaxation of nearby skeletal muscles.A ventrolateral cordotomy is performed that
produces relief of pain in the right leg. It is
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effective because it interrupts theA. left dorsal column.
B. left ventrolateral spinothalamic tract.
C. right ventrolateral spinothalamic tract.
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D. right medial lemniscal pathway.E. a direct projection to the primary
somatosensory cortex.
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A 50-year-old woman undergoes a neurologicalexam that indicates loss of pain and temperature
sensitivity, vibratory sense, and proprioception in
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the left leg. These symptoms could be explained
by
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A. a tumor on the right medial lemniscal pathway inthe sacral spinal cord.
B. a peripheral neuropathy.
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C. a tumor on the left medial lemniscal pathway in
the sacral spinal cord.
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D. a tumor affecting the right posterior paracentralgyrus.
E. a large tumor in the right lumbar ventrolateral
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spinal cord.
A 40-year-old man loses his right hand in a farm accident. Four
years later, he has episodes of severe pain in the missing hand
(phantom limb pain). A detailed PET scan study of his cerebral
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cortex might be expected to showA. expansion of the right hand area in his right primary
somatosensory cortex.
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B. expansion of the right-hand area in his left primarysomatosensory cortex.
C. a metabolical y inactive spot where his hand area in his left
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primary somatosensory cortex would normal y be.
D. projection of fibers from neighboring sensory areas into the
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right-hand area of his right primary somatosensory cortex.E. projection of fibers from neighboring sensory areas into the
right-hand area of his left primary somatosensory cortex.
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