Download MBBS Physiology Presentations 2 Renal Body Fluids Lecture Notes

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To learn:

Composition of body fluid compartments.

Differences of various body fluid compartments.

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Molarity, Equivalence,Osmolarity-Osmolality, Osmotic

pressure and Tonicity of substances

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Effect of dehydration and overhydration on body fluids
Why is this knowledge important?

To understand various changes in body fluid

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compartments, we should understand normal

configuration of body fluids.

Total Body Water (TBW)

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Water is 60% by body weight

(42 L in an adult of 70 kg - a major part of body).

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Water content varies in different body organs & tissues,
Distribution of TBW in various fluid compartments

Total Body Water (TBW) Volume

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(60% bw)

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Intracellular Fluid Compartment

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Extracellular Fluid Compartment

(40%)

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(20%)

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Extra Vascular Comp

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Intra Vascular Comp

(15%)

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(Plasma )

(05%)

Electrolytes distribution in body fluid compartments

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Intracel ular fluid comp.mEq/L

Extracel ular fluid comp.mEq/L

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Major Cation Major Anions

Major Anions

K+

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HPO4- -

Major Cation

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Proteins -

Cl-

Na+

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HCO3-
A set `Terminology' is required to understand

change of volume &/or ionic conc of various

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body fluid compartments.

Molarity

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Definition

Example
Equivalence

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Osmolarity

Osmolarity is total no. of osmotically active solute particles (the

particles which attract water to it) per 1 L of solvent - Osm/L.

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Example-
Osmolarity and Osmolality?

Osmolarity is total no. of osmotically active solute particles per

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1 L of solvent - Osm/L

Osmolality is total no. of osmotically active solute particles per 1

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Kg of solvent - Osm/Kg

Osmosis

Tendency of water to move passively, across a

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semi-permeable membrane, separating two fluids

of different osmolarity is referred to as `Osmosis'.
Osmotic Pressure

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Osmotic pressure is the pressure, applied to stop the flow of

solvent molecules from low osmolarity to a compartment of high

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osmolarity, separated through a semi-permeable membrane.

Normal osmolality of the ECF and ICF

Averages 280-300 mOsm/L

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Osmolality of ICF

Pressures causing water moves freely between

various body fluid compartments

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Cell

Cp

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memb

mem

b

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Tonicity

Tonicity of a solution defines cell volume change that occurs, if the cell

is placed in that solution.

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Significant points of the Lecture
Importance of the knowledge about Body Fluid Compartment ?

Water distribution in different compartment-

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Ionic difference of different body fluid compartments-Major cation and anions-

Difference of Molarity, Equivalence, Osmolarity and Osmolality, Tonicity-
Next Lecture

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Basic principles for analysis of fluid shifts between

ICF & ECF

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All exchanges of water and solutes with

the external environment occur through

the extracellular fluid (ECF)

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e.g. intake or loss via the

Gastrointestinal tract

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Intravenous route.
Basic principles for analysis of fluid shifts between

ICF & ECF

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Hyposmotic dehydration/overhydration will result in cell volume

and net Osmolarity

Hyperosmotic dehydration/overhydration will result in cell volume

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and net Osmolarity

Clinical implications

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Water loss from body (ECF) -

Dehydration (volume contraction)

Excess water gain to the body (ECF) -

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Overhydration (volume expansion)
Signs and symptoms of `dehydration' and

`overhydration'

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Dehydration (volume contraction)

Three types:

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-Isosmotic dehydration

-Hyperosmotic dehydration,

-Hyposmotic dehydration

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Overhydration (volume expansion)

Three types:

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-Isosmotic overhydration

-Hyperosmotic overhydration

-Hyposmotic overhydration

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Thank you