Download MBBS Physiology Presentations 24 Nerve Muscle Physiology Introduction Lecture Notes

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SR y Cajal
Nerve Physiology

? Introduction
? Glial cells

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? Neuronal Structure
? Types of neurons
? Myelination
? Axoplasmic transport
? Nerve growth factors

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? Human CNS contain 100 billion neurons
? Glial cells ? 2-10 times the number of

neurons

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? 2 types of glial cells:
- Microglia ? scavenger cells
- Macroglia- 3 types:
1. Oligodendrocytes

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2. Schwann cells
3. Astrocytes- Fibrous and Protoplasmic


Types of axon

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? Myelinated
? Unmyelinated
Theodor Schwann
Composition of Myelin sheath

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? Proteins
? Lipids- Cholesterol, Phospholipid and

glycosphingolipids

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? Water
Objectives of myelination

? Increases speed

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? Reduces energy expenditure
? Provides protective covering to axon
? Responsible for color of white matter of brain

and spinal cord

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Axoplasmic Transport

? Transfer of substances cell body and axon

between terminal

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Axoplasmic Transport

? Proteins, Organelles, other cellular

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substances

? It can be abolished by colchicine,

dinitrophenol, azide, cyanide,prolonged

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anoxia
Types of Axoplasmic transport

? Anterograde transport ? Fast and Slow

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? Retrograde transport
Based on size

? Golgi Type I Neurons-

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? Golgi Type I Neurons-

with long axons

with short axons

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? Based on functions

? Based on Dendritic

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Motor neurons

pattern

Sensory neurons

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Stel ate
Growth of Neurons

? Neurotrophins-

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1. Nerve Growth factors
2. Brain derived growth factors
3. Neurotrophin -3
4. Neurotrophin ? 4 and 5