Download MBBS Physiology Presentations 24 Nerve Muscle Physiology Introduction Lecture Notes

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Nerve Muscle Physiology

Camil o Golgi

SR y Cajal
Nerve Physiology

? Introduction
? Glial cells
? Neuronal Structure
? Types of neurons
? Myelination
? Axoplasmic transport
? Nerve growth factors

? Human CNS contain 100 billion neurons
? Glial cells ? 2-10 times the number of

neurons

? 2 types of glial cells:
- Microglia ? scavenger cells
- Macroglia- 3 types:
1. Oligodendrocytes
2. Schwann cells
3. Astrocytes- Fibrous and Protoplasmic


Types of axon

? Myelinated
? Unmyelinated
Theodor Schwann
Composition of Myelin sheath

? Proteins
? Lipids- Cholesterol, Phospholipid and

glycosphingolipids

? Water
Objectives of myelination

? Increases speed
? Reduces energy expenditure
? Provides protective covering to axon
? Responsible for color of white matter of brain

and spinal cord
Axoplasmic Transport

? Transfer of substances cell body and axon

between terminal

Axoplasmic Transport

? Proteins, Organelles, other cellular

substances

? It can be abolished by colchicine,

dinitrophenol, azide, cyanide,prolonged

anoxia
Types of Axoplasmic transport

? Anterograde transport ? Fast and Slow
? Retrograde transport
Based on size

? Golgi Type I Neurons-

? Golgi Type I Neurons-

with long axons

with short axons

? Based on functions

? Based on Dendritic

Motor neurons

pattern

Sensory neurons

Stel ate
Growth of Neurons

? Neurotrophins-
1. Nerve Growth factors
2. Brain derived growth factors
3. Neurotrophin -3
4. Neurotrophin ? 4 and 5