the neuron
. Should be stored in presynaptic endings
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. Should be released at the synapse. Should have specific receptors
. Should be disposed off by a specific
mechanism
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Classification. Acetylecholine
. Amines ? NE, Epinephrine, DA, Serotonin,
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Histamine. Amino Acids-
Excitatory: Glutamate, Aspartate
Inhibitory: Glycine, GABA
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. Polypeptides ? ADH, Subs P, NPY,Endorphins, Enkephalins, SST
. Purines- AT P, Adenosine
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. Gases ? NO, COHistamine
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. Histaminergic neurons found in:. Post hypothalamus
. Gastric mucosa
. Mast cells
. Receptors- H1, H2, H3
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. Arousal, sexual behavior, blood pressure,drinking, pain thresholds, regulation of ant.
Pit hormones
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ATP-
. Mediates synaptic response in autonomic
nervous system and habenula
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. Receptor- P2X, P2Y, P2U
Substance P-
. Found in intestine, peripheral nerves, CNS
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. Neurokinins- NK1, NK2, NK3. Responsible for pain, on injection causes
redness and swelling, peristalsis, axon reflex
Opioid Peptides
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. 2 types of ligands ? met-enkephalin
- leu-enkephalin
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. Brain and GIT contains receptors foropioid.
. Enkephalins are also found in substantia
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gelatinosa
. Endogenous opiod peptides are secreted
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as precursor molecules- 3 opioid receptors- ?, ,
- All are metabotropic receptors
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Somatostatin ?. Effects sensory input
. Locomotor activity
. Cognitive functions
. 5 receptors- SSTR1-SSTR5
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. Neuropeptide Y-- Present in brain and autonomic nervous
system
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- Receptors ? Y1 ? Y8- Acts to increase food intake, vasoconstriction
. Nitric oxide (NO)-
-Released by endothelium of blood vessels
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- Also found in brain- Synthesized on demand
. Cannbinoids-
- Rapidly synthesized after Calcium influx after
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a neuron is depolarized
- Induces euphoria
- Has anti-nociceptive effect
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- Ex- Anandamide and 2-arachidonyl glycerol