contains 5 genes:
hGH-N, hGH-V, hCS
Protein metabolism
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Enhancement of amino acid transport
through cell membranes
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Enhancement of RNA translation to causeprotein synthesis by the ribosomes
Increased nuclear transcription of DNA to
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form RNA
Decreased catabolism of protein and amino
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acids- acts like protein sparerEnhances fat utilization for
energy
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Causes release of fatty acids from adipose tissue
Enhances conversion of fatty acids to acetyl co-A
Hence under the influence of GH fat is used for
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energy in preference of carbohydrates and proteins
Fat utilization along with protein anabolic effect
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causes an increase in lean body massKetosis can occur
Excessive fat mobilization from adipose tissue also
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leads to fatty liver
GH decreases carbohydrate
utilization
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Decreased glucose uptake in tissues
Increased glucose production by liver
Increased
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compensatory
insulin
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secretionGH is diabetogenic- fatty acids impair
insulin's action
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GH fails to promote growth in animals
that lack pancreas and if carbohydrates
are excluded from diet
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GH Stimulates cartilage and
bone growth
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Increaseddeposition of protein by
chondrocytic and osteogenic cells
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Increased rate of reproduction of these
cells
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Conversion of chondrocytes to osteogeniccells
GH strongly stimulates osteoblasts
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SomatomedinsSecreted by liver
Also called Insulin like Growth Factor
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(IGF)
Pygmies of Africa have congenital
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inability to synthesize somatomedinsSomatomedins have prolonged action