At the end of this lecture student should be able to discuss-
Types of plasma proteins
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Characteristics of plasma proteins
Functions of plasma proteins
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Hypoproteinemia and oedemaPlasma proteins
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Plasma contains ~ 7% protein,Normal total plasma protein is about 6.3- 8.4 g/dl
Classes of Plasma Proteins
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Albumins - 60%
Globulins (, , ) - 35%
Fibrinogen - 4%
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Other proteins - 1%
Site of synthesis of Plasma Proteins
Liver - 90% plasma proteins
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Plasma cel (B lymphocytes) - globulin
Peptide hormones ? Endocrine glands
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Liver dysfunction - plasma proteinsA:G ratio (normal): 0.8-2.0., Decreased in liver
dysfunction and chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Plasma protein - Albumin
? Forms - 55%-60% of total plasma proteins
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? Normal value - 3.5-5.0 g/dl? Molecular Weight (MW)- 66,500 D (lightest)
Structure - a single peptide chain of 585 amino acids
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Plasma protein - Albumin? Major function: Plasma Col oid Osmotic Pressure
? Carrier
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Hypo-albuminemiaLiver disease,
Malnutrition
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Chronic infection
.
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Plasma protein - Globulin? Forms ? 35% of total plasma proteins
? Normal value - 2-3 g/dl; ? Molecular Weight (MW)-90,000-150000 D
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? Type - Three types of globulin have been identified -- alpha, beta, & gamma.
Fibrinogen
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? Forms ? 4%-6% of total plasma proteins
? Normal value - 0.3-0.4 g/dl; .? Molecular Weight (MW)-4,00,000-500000 D
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? It is a plasma clotting factor, important for blood coagulation as can beconverted into insoluble fibrin Molecules form clots, Produce long, insoluble
strands of fibrin
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? It also contributes to the viscosity of blood.
Other Plasma Proteins
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1% of plasma proteins:Regulatory proteins (cel ular products) (1%):
Hormones,
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Enzymes, and
Prohormones
Methods of plasma protein separation
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Common methods of protein separation into:
albumin, globulins (alpha, beta & gamma) and fibrinogen by ?
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ElectrophoresisSalting out
Ultracentrifugation
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Affinity chromatography
Fractional precipitation method
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Immune electrophoresisHypo-proteinemia
? Liver failure
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? Nephrotic syndrome
? Malnutrition
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? Malabsorption? Severe burns
? Infection (catabolism)
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? Genetic
Functions of plasma proteins
1. Col oid osmotic pressure in blood
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2. Viscosity of blood
3. Buffer action
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4. Clotting and fibrinolysis5. Defense function body
6. Transport function
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7. Plasma proteolytic enzyme system
8. Plasma protease inhibitor system
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9. Nutritional reserveColloid osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure)
80% of plasma oncotic pressure is maintained by albumin.
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It is the opposing force to hydrostatic pressure.
Col oid osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure) and filtration of fluid
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Edema
Due to disturbance in hydrostatic and/or oncotic pressure between
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intra-capillary and interstitial component.Organ specific
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? Brain: Cerebral edema? Lung: Intra-alveolar=pulmonary edema,
intra-pleural=pleural effusion
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? Peritoneum=ascites
? Severe generalized edema=anasarca
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? Leg edema- deep venous thrombosisFacial oedema
EdemaPitting Non pitting
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Clinical y
Pitting Non pitting
Clinical Problem Based Question
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A previously wel 9 year old girl presents to your officewith the chief complaint of facial puffiness. Her mother
noticed this a few days ago and it seems to be worsening. She
has no other symptoms, but about two weeks ago had "a bad
cold." On examination HR 90/min, RR 20/min, BP 92/55 mm of
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Hg. Abdomen is soft, non-tender. Her face shows moderatepuffiness and periorbital edema. The dorsal surfaces of his
hands and feet also have mild pitting edema. Urinalysis shows
4+ protein, Blood -protein of 2 g/dL, serum albumin of 1.4 g/dL
Que.1 What is the provisional diagnosis?
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Que.2 What is the cause of facial puffiness and feet edema?Fill in Blanks
? Reduced plasma osmotic pressure leads to a net movement of fluid into the --------
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------------ subsequent -----------------plasma volume.
? ------------------capil aries permeability results in increased capil ary hydrostatic
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pressure, causing------------------.? Patients having acute cardiac failure do not show oedema, because
1.The plasma oncotic pressure is high
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2.There is renal compensation
3.There is an increase in cardiac output
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4.There is a fal in the systemic capil ary hydrostatic pressure