Download MBBS 1st Year Biochemistry Paper I Important Questions

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MBBS First Year Biochemistry Paper-I

Important Question Bank

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Essay Questions:

1. Describe the structure of biological membranes. Discuss the various transport mechanisms across membranes with suitable examples.
2. What are the components of Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain. Describe the events and inhibitors of Oxidative phosphorylation.
3. Explain the significance and reactions of Hexose MonoPhosphate shunt and disorders associated to it.
4. Describe the chemistry, sources, daily requirement, biochemical functions and deficiency manifestations of Vitamin –B12

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5. Describe how cholesterol is synthesized in our body. What are the products formed from Cholesterol?
6. Name the ketone bodies? How are they formed and utilised in the body. Add a note on the metabolic changes in diabetic ketoacidosis.
7. 1. Significance of hexose mono phosphate shunt.
   2. Galactosemia.
   3. Dietary fiber.

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   4. Reverse cholesterol transport.
   5. Iron absorption.
   III. Short answers on: (10 x 2 = 20)
   1. Uncouplers of electron transport chain.
   2. Beriberi.
   3. Niemann-Pick disease.

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   4. Any two mucopolysaccharides –location and its functions.
   5. Rapoport Luebering shunt.
   6. Glycated hemoglobin.
   7. Essential fatty acids.
   8. Reactions catalyzed by biotin.

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   9. Anti-oxidant vitamins and minerals.
   10. Wilson's disease
8. Describe in detail the components and chemiosmotic theory of electron transport chain.
9. Describe in detail TCA cycle and the energetics of the same. Justify why TCA cycle is called an amphibolic cycle.

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10. Describe the how bilirubin is formed and excreted in the body.
11. Describe the process by which ATP is synthesized in the body.
12. What is the normal blood glucose level? Discuss the factors regulating blood glucose in the fasting and postprandial states. Write the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus.
13. How are dietary lipids digested and absorbed? Write about the transport of lipids in plasma.
14. Explain the Regulation of Blood Glucose in Starvation and well fed state.

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15. Write in detail about the Galactose Metabolism and its Applied aspects.
16. Iron – Dietary sources, factors affecting dietary iron absorption, transport and storage, causes and clinical features of Iron deficiency anemia.
17. Describe the dietary sources, daily requirement, biochemical function and deficiency symptoms of vitamin C.
18. Explain the site, steps and energetics of ? oxidation of even chain fatty acids. Add a note on its regulation.
19. Describe the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates. Briefly write the metabolic fate of pyruvate.

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20. Write in detail about the dietary sources, daily requirement and biochemical functions of Thiamine. Add a note on the deficiency manifestations.
21. Write a note on the metabolism of Vitamin D.
22. Component and function of phospholipids.
23. Describe the synthesis of glucose from alanine and mention its regulation.
24. How are low-density lipoproteins (LDL) produced in the body? Describe with the help of a diagram, their metabolic fate. What determines this process of their metabolic fate? Explain the clinical significance of this lipoprotein.

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25. Describe the beta oxidation of Palmitic acid and its regulation.
26. Explain the glycogen metabolism and its regulation. Add a note on associated disorders.
27. Describe the sources, daily requirement, absorption, biochemical function and deficiency manifestations and toxicity of iron.
28. Mention the source, daily requirement of vitamin B12. Describe its absorption biochemical function and deficiency manifestations
29. What is the normal blood sugar level? Describe in detail how it is maintained within normal limits.

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30. Classify enzymes. Describe in detail the various factors affecting enzyme action. Add a note on enzyme regulation
31. Describe the components and reactions of electron transport chain. Add a note on its inhibitors.

Short Answer Questions:

1. Competitive inhibition of enzyme activity
2. Biochemical features seen in blood and urine of a patient with hemolytic anemia

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3. Functions of Vita – C
4. Anaplerotic role of citric acid cycle
5. Isoenzymes of Lactate dehydrogenase and their significance
6. Functions, Deficiency Symptoms of Vita Thiae
7. Calcium homeostasis and its disorder

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8. Metabolic adaptation in Fed state
9. What are the various muco polysaccharides Add a note
10. on hyaluronic acid
11. Line Weaver Burk's Plot and its significance
12. Enzymes, coenzymes, inhibitors of Pyruvate

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13. Dehydrogenase Reaction
14. Alcohol metabolism
15. Fredrickson's classification of hyperlipprotenemias
16. Mention the types of heteropolysaccharides and their functions
17. Cardiolipin

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18. Mention the types of fatty acid oxidation
19. What are the products of Arachidonic acid?
20. Carnitine
21. Anomerism
22. How Haemoglobin binds to oxygen

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23. Km Value and its significance
24. Bronze Diabetes
25. WHO criteria for Diagnosis of Diabetes mellitus
26. Zellweger's syndrome
27. Active form of Vita D and its biochemical role

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28. Catabolism of Hemoglobin
29. Protein energy malnutrition
30. Ketogenesis
31. Fatty acid synthase complex
32. Glycogen Metabolism

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33. Enzyme inhibition
34. Glycosylated hemoglobin
35. Oxidation phosphorylation
36. Regulation of blood glucose
37. III Short Answer Questions :

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38. Zymogen
39. Name two zinc containing enzymes
40. Ferritin
41. Define Km
42. Functions of selenium

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43. What are cytochromes?
44. Brown adipose tissue
45. Lactose intolerance
46. Define respiratory quotient
47. Functions of Vita K

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48. Role of Niacin as Coenzyme
49. Classification of hyperlipidemias and their clinical importance
50. Sphingolipidoses
51. Biochemical role of Vita C
52. Cori's cycle and Glucose Alanine cycle

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53. High Density Lipoprotein cycle
54. Glycogenolysis
55. Isomerism in carbohydrates
56. Balanced Diet
57. Fructose intolerance

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58. III Short Answer Questions :
59. Markers for lysosomes and mitochondria
60. Fluorosis
61. Role of Apo CII
62. Define metalloenzymes with examples

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63. Pulmonary surfactant – Structure and clinical importance
64. Iodine number and its importance
65. What is the function of Lipoprotein lipase?
66. Structure of lecithin
67. Net Protein Utilization

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68. Chondroitin sulphate - Structure
69. Double Reciprocal plot
70. Alkaline phosphatase as a diagnostic tool
71. What are the different forms of calcium in blood?
72. RDA and functions of lodine

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73. Why Arachidonic acid is not considered 'purely' an essential fatty acid?
74. Define Gluconeogenesis and explain the various steps
75. Formation and fate of Pyruvate
76. Biological value of Proteins
77. Enumerate the compounds derived from cholesterol and mention their biochemical functions

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78. Synthesis and regulation of Porphyrins
79. Structure and functions of Mitochondria
80. Reverse Cholesterol Transport and Anti - Atherogenic effect of HDL
81. Wald's Visual Cycle and Deficiency Manifestation of Vita A
82. IsoEnzymes - Definition and Examples

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83. Iron – Dietary sources, factors affecting dietary iron absorption, transport and storage, causes and clinical features of Iron deficiency anemia
84. Lactic acidosis
85. Explain why B deficiency causes macrocytic anemia
86. How are dietary lipids distributed after digestion and absorption?
87. Phospholipids

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88. Types, functions, tissue specificity and physiological relevance of glucose
89. transporters relevant to insulin secretion and action
90. Importance of HbAc testing
91. Wernicke-Karsakoff syndrome
92. What is the effect of non-competitive inhibition of Km and Vmax?

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93. Schematic representation of the electron transport chain
94. Carnitine transport
95. Vita K cycle
96. Metabolic basis of role of aspirin as an anti-platelet agent
97. Importance of HbAc testing

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98. Wernicke-Karsakoff syndrome
99. What are metalloenzymes? Give two examples
100. What is glycemic index? Mention two examples of high glycemic index food
101. Limiting aoacids with examples
102. Mechanism of action of methotrexate and dicoumarol

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103. Fluorosis
104. Hemochromatosis
105. Serum lipid profile
106. Refsum's disease
107. Essential pentosuria

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108. Lecithin sphingomyelin ratio
109. Biochemical functions of Vita B
110. Functions of calcium
111. Glucose transporters
112. Von Gierke disease

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113. Metabolism in adipose tissue during starvation
114. Functions of endoplasmic reticulum
115. Dietary fiber
116. Physiological importance of glycogenolysis
117. Define BMR Give its value

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118. Antiatherogenic role of high density lipoprotein cholesterol
119. IUBMB classification of enzymes
120. Cori cycle
121. Suicide inhibition of enzymes
122. Importance of brown fat

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123. Importance of sphingomyelin
124. Significance of hexose mono phosphate shunt
125. Galactosemia
126. Dietary fiber
127. Reverse cholesterol transport

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128. Iron absorption
129. Uncouplers of electron transport chain
130. Beriberi
131. Niemann-Pick disease
132. Any two mucopolysaccharides –location and its functions

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133. Rapoport Luebering shunt
134. Glycated hemoglobin
135. Essential fatty acids
136. Reactions catalyzed by biotin
137. Anti-oxidant vitas and erals

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138. Wilson's disease
139. What is the effect of non-competitive inhibition of Km and Vmax?
140. Schematic representation of the electron transport chain
141. Carnitine transport
142. Vita K cycle

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143. Metabolic basis of role of aspirin as an anti-platelet agent
144. Active Transport with Examples
145. Iron – Dietary sources, factors affecting dietary iron absorption, transport and storage, causes and clinical features of Iron deficiency anemia
146. Metabolism of Ketone Bodies
147. Write important difference between Ricketes and Ostomalacia

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148. What is the role of gamma - Carboxylation in coagulations
149. Name the enzyme defect in Niemann Pick disease Gaucher disease
150. Name two components of metabolic syndrome
151. Name the enzyme defect in Pentosuria
152. Name of the defect in Refsum's Disease

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153. Name of difference between Coenzyme and Cofactor
154. Insulin and its Clinical importance
155. Name a Vth complex of ETC
156. Define active site of enzymes
157. Glycosidic Bond and Clinically important Glycosides

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158. Name two Functions of endo plasmic recticulum
159. Name three essential fatty acids
160. Name the enzyme require for Glucuronidation of bilirubin
161. Daily requirement of Vita A for an adult
162. Name the defect in Menke's disease

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163. Name the enzyme defect in Von-gierke's disease
164. Name one Role of Phospholipase A
165. Name three vitas involved in PDH complex
166. Fatty Liver-Causes including role of Lipotrophic Factors
167. Vita C-Sources, RDA, Functions and Deficiency Manifestations

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168. PDH
169. Dyslipidemias
170. Apolipoproteins
171. Metabolism of Adipose tissue in fasting condition
172. Fate of Oxaloacetate

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173. Liver Enzymes
174. Functions of Magnesium
175. Dietary fibres
176. Cytochrome P Functions of Phospholipids
177. Suicide Inhibition

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178. Causes for Abnormal GTT Curves
179. Biologically important peptides
180. Biological value of proteins
181. Competitive enzyme inhibition
182. Carnitine

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183. Fatty liver
184. Inhibitors of Citric acid Cycle
185. Cholesterol lowering action of FIBRATES
186. One Carbon compound
187. Functions of Copper

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188. Biochemical alteration in PEM Protein Energy Malnutrition
189. Conjugations
190. Stereoisomerism
191. Actions of Insulin
192. Hyperglycemic Hormones

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193. Glycolysis in RBC
194. Shuttle pathways across mitochondrial membranes
195. Ocular changes in vita A deficiency
196. Amphipathic lipids
197. Kwashiorkor

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198. Enzymes in diagnosis of Myocardial infarction
199. Biochemical functions of zinc
200. Hormones that regulate blood calcium level
201. Mechanism of cyanide poisoning
202. Metabolism of glucose--phosphate

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203. Lipoprotein lipase
204. Cori cycle
205. Bile salts Synthesis & biological role
206. Write briefly about calcium homeostasis
207. Coenzymic role of Pyridoxine

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208. Factors regulating blood calcium
209. Wilson's disease
210. Define isoenzymes and give two examples
211. Specific dynamic action
212. Chemiosmotic theory

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213. Von Gierke's disease
214. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
215. lonophores
216. Oral glucose tolerance test
217. Deficiency manifestations of vita D

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218. Biochemical functions of Iron
219. What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?
220. What is the mechanism of action of statins? What is the therapeutic use of this group of drugs?
221. List dietary sources and biochemical functions of vita C in the body
222. Explain the mechanism of action of cyanide as a poison

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223. List good dietary sources of iodine What is the function of this eral in the body?
224. Enzyme defect and commonest clinical feature in von Gierke's disease?
225. What is meant by glycaemic index of food?
226. List differences between marasmus and kwashiorkor?
227. Role of carnitine in beta-oxidation of fatty acids

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228. Covalent modification of enzymes in regulation of enzyme activities
229. Lactose intolerance
230. What is the importance of the pentose phosphate pathway in the body?
231. Gluconeogenesis, with reference to definition, substrates, sites and importance in the Body
232. Role of vita D in the body

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233. Causes of iron deficiency and manifestations of such deficiency
234. Isoenzymes, with reference to definition, examples and clinical importance
235. Passive Transport Mechanisms
236. Briefly explain the chemiosmotic hypothesis of Mitchell
237. What is meant by dietary fibre? Explain its importance in one's diet

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238. Explain the folate trap hypothesis
239. What is surfactant? Explain its importance in the body in health and disease
240. Explain, with a diagram, the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes
241. What are good dietary sources of iron?
242. Explain how iron is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract

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243. Explain how the activity of an enzyme is affected by the pH of the medium
244. What are the functions of calcium in the body?
245. Describe the functions and deficiency manifestations of vita A
246. Explain the mechanism of action of cyanide as a poison
247. List differences between hexokinase and glucokinase

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