Download MBBS 1st Year Biochemistry Paper II Important Questions

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MBBS First Year Biochemistry Paper-ll Important Question Bank

Essay Questions:

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1. Write in detail about the absorption, transport, daily requirement and deficiency Manifestation of Iron.
2. Write in details about the initiation, elongation and termination of transcription. Give an account of post transcriptional processing.
3. Describe the role of plasma and renal buffers in maintaining acid base homeostasis
4. What is cloning? Mention the various types of cloning. Describe in detail the steps involved in recombinant DNA technology.
5. Enumerate the liver function tests and how Vanden Bergh test distinguishes different types of jaundice.

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6. Describe the metabolism of tyrosine. Name the inborn errors associated with this pathway
7. What are the functions of sodium in the body? What is the reference range for levels of serum sodium? Describe the working of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to maintain optimal amounts of sodium in the body. Briefly discuss disorders associated with derangements in sodium homeostasis.
8. With the help of a figure, describe the process by which DNA replication takes place in a cell.
9. Describe the role of the kidney to maintain the pH of blood. What are the compensatory mechanisms the kidney will adopt to maintain pH in the presence of metabolic acidosis?
10. List the parameters that are commonly used in clinical practice as indicators to assess the functions of the liver. Explain the basis of the use of these parameters in assessment of liver function. Briefly discuss medical conditions in which these parameters become abnormal.

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11. What is the normal pH of blood. Describe the various mechanisms which maintain it? Mention the acid base disorders.
12. Describe the catabolism of Heme in the body. Explain the different types of jaundice. How do you investigate a case of jaundice?
13. Explain Protein synthesis in detail. Add a note on drugs that inhibit protein synthesis
14. Name the Aromatic Aminoacids. Add a note on physiologically important derivatives of tyrosine.
15. Discuss in detail the replication of DNA. Mention the inhibitors of replication.

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16. Describe recombinant DNA technology. Explain the different techniques with its application.
17. What is the reference range for serum uric acid? What is the source of uric acid in the body? What is its ultimate fate? Discuss causes of abnormalities in levels of serum uric acid.
18. Describe in detail about the Synthesis of Tyrosine and its metabolic endproducts.
19. Describe in detail about the formation and transport of ammonia in our body. Add a note on Urea cycle
20. What is a Buffer? Describe in detail about the Renal Regulation of Blood pH.

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21. What is polymerase chain reaction? Write a note on the steps involved in PCR and its applications.
22. Name the important buffer systems in the body. Describe in detail the role of lungs and kidneys in maintenance of acid base balance.
23. Brief about the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. Describe in detail about phenylketonurias.
24. Write briefly the mechanisms by which the pH of the body fluids is regulated. Add a note on acid base disturbances with examples.
25. Write in detail about ammonia production, transport and disposal. Add a note on disorders of urea cycle.

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26. Describe the primary, secondary, tertiary and quatenary structure of proteins.
27. Explain the biochemical basis of clinical features of porphyrias.
28. Name the Plasma Proteins. Explain the role of Albumin and other Transport Proteins.
29. Write in details about the Importance, Applications and Steps of Polymerase Chain Reaction.
30. What is the normal pH of blood? Discuss how the pH of blood is maintained.

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31. Discuss the metabolism of Phenylalanine. Write a note on the inborn error associated with Phenylalanine.

Short Answer Questions:

1. Competitive inhibition of enzyme activity
2. Biochemical features seen in blood and urine of a patient with hemolytic anemia
3. Functions of Vita –C

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4. Anaplerotic role of citric acid cycle
5. Isoenzymes of Lactate dehydrogenase and their significance
6. Functions, Deficiency Symptoms of Vita Thiae
7. Calcium homeostasis and its disorder
8. Metabolic adaptation in Fed state

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9. What are the various muco polysaccharides Add a note
10. on hyaluronic acid
11. Line Weaver Burk's Plot and its significance
12. Enzymes, coenzymes, inhibitors of Pyruvate
13. Dehydrogenase Reaction

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14. Alcohol metabolism
15. Fredrickson's classification of hyperlipprotenemias
16. Mention the types of heteropolysaccharides and their functions
17. Cardiolipin
18. Mention the types of fatty acid oxidation

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19. What are the products of Arachidonic acid?
20. Carnitine
21. Anomerism
22. How Haemoglobin binds to oxygen
23. Km Value and its significance

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24. Bronze Diabetes
25. WHO criteria for Diagnosis of Diabetes mellitus
26. Zellweger's syndrome
27. Active form of Vita D and its biochemical role
28. Catabolism of Hemoglobin

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29. Protein energy malnutrition
30. Ketogenesis
31. Fatty acid synthase complex
32. Glycogen Metabolism
33. Enzyme inhibition

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34. Glycosylated hemoglobin
35. Oxidation phosphorylation
36. Regulation of blood glucose
37. Zymogen
38. Name two zinc containing enzymes

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39. Ferritin
40. Define Km
41. Functions of selenium
42. What are cytochromes?
43. Brown adipose tissue

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44. Lactose intolerance
45. Define respiratory quotient
46. Functions of Vita K
47. Role of Niacin as Coenzyme
48. Classification of hyperlipidemias and their clinical importance

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49. Sphingolipidoses
50. Biochemical role of Vita C
51. Cori's cycle and Glucose Alanine cycle
52. High Density Lipoprotein cycle
53. Glycogenolysis

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54. Isomerism in carbohydrates
55. Balanced Diet
56. Fructose intolerance
57. Markers for lysosomes and mitochondria
58. Fluorosis

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59. Role of Apo CII
60. Define metalloenzymes with examples
61. Pulmonary surfactant – Structure and clinical importance
62. Iodine number and its importance
63. What is the function of Lipoprotein lipase?

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64. Structure of lecithin
65. Net Protein Utilization
66. Chondroitin sulphate - Structure
67. Double Reciprocal plot
68. Alkaline phosphatase as a diagnostic tool

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69. What are the different forms of calcium in blood?
70. RDA and functions of lodine
71. Why Arachidonic acid is not considered 'purely' an essential fatty acid?
72. Define Gluconeogenesis and explain the various steps
73. Formation and fate of Pyruvate

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74. Biological value of Proteins
75. Enumerate the compounds derived from cholesterol and mention their biochemical functions
76. Synthesis and regulation of Porphyrins
77. Structure and functions of Mitochondria
78. Reverse Cholesterol Transport and Anti - Atherogenic effect of HDL

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79. Wald's Visual Cycle and Deficiency Manifestation of Vita A
80. IsoEnzymes - Definition and Examples
81. Iron – Dietary sources, factors affecting dietary iron absorption, transport and
82. storage, causes and clinical features of Iron deficiency anemia
83. Lactic acidosis

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84. Explain why B deficiency causes macrocytic anemia
85. How are dietary lipids distributed after digestion and absorption?
86. Phospholipids
87. Types, functions, tissue specificity and physiological relevance of glucose
88. transporters relevant to insulin secretion and action

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89. Importance of HbAc testing
90. Wernicke-Karsakoff syndrome
91. What is the effect of non-competitive inhibition of Km and Vmax?
92. Schematic representation of the electron transport chain
93. Carnitine transport

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94. Vita K cycle
95. Metabolic basis of role of aspirin as an anti-platelet agent
96. Importance of HbAc testing
97. Wernicke-Karsakoff syndrome
98. What are metalloenzymes? Give two examples

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99. What is glycemic index? Mention two examples of high glycemic index food
100. Limiting aoacids with examples
101. Mechanism of action of methotrexate and dicoumarol
102. Fluorosis
103. Hemochromatosis

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104. Serum lipid profile
105. Refsum's disease
106. Essential pentosuria
107. Lecithin sphingomyelin ratio
108. Biochemical functions of Vita B

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109. Functions of calcium
110. Glucose transporters
111. Von Gierke disease
112. Metabolism in adipose tissue during starvation
113. Functions of endoplasmic reticulum

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114. Dietary fiber
115. Physiological importance of glycogenolysis
116. Define BMR Give its value
117. Antiatherogenic role of high density lipoprotein cholesterol
118. IUBMB classification of enzymes

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119. Cori cycle
120. Suicide inhibition of enzymes
121. Importance of brown fat
122. Importance of sphingomyelin
123. Significance of hexose mono phosphate shunt

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124. Galactosemia
125. Dietary fiber
126. Reverse cholesterol transport
127. Iron absorption
128. Uncouplers of electron transport chain

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129. Beriberi
130. Niemann-Pick disease
131. Any two mucopolysaccharides –location and its functions
132. Rapoport Luebering shunt
133. Glycated hemoglobin

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134. Essential fatty acids
135. Reactions catalyzed by biotin
136. Anti-oxidant vitas and erals
137. Wilson's disease
138. What is the effect of non-competitive inhibition of Km and Vmax?

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139. Schematic representation of the electron transport chain
140. Carnitine transport
141. Vita K cycle
142. Metabolic basis of role of aspirin as an anti-platelet agent
143. Active Transport with Examples

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144. Iron - Dietary sources, factors affecting dietary iron absorption, transport and
145. storage, causes and clinical features of Iron deficiency anemia
146. Metabolism of Ketone Bodies
147. Write important difference between Ricketes and Ostomalacia
148. What is the role of gamma - Carboxylation in coagulations

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149. Name the enzyme defect in Niemann Pick disease Gaucher disease
150. Name two components of metabolic syndrome
151. Name the enzyme defect in Pentosuria
152. Name of the defect in Refsum's Disease
153. Name of difference between Coenzyme and Cofactor

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154. Insulin and its Clinical importance
155. Name a Vth complex of ETC
156. Define active site of enzymes
157. Glycosidic Bond and Clinically important Glycosides
158. Name two Functions of endo plasmic recticulum

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159. Name three essential fatty acids
160. Name the enzyme require for Glucuronidation of bilirubin
161. Daily requirement of Vita A for an adult
162. Name the defect in Menke's disease
163. Name the enzyme defect in Von-gierke's disease

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164. Name one Role of Phospholipase A
165. Name three vitas involved in PDH complex
166. Fatty Liver-Causes including role of Lipotrophic Factors
167. Vita C-Sources, RDA, Functions and Deficiency Manifestations
168. PDH

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169. Dyslipidemias
170. Apolipoproteins
171. Metabolism of Adipose tissue in fasting condition
172. Fate of Oxaloacetate
173. Liver Enzymes

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174. Functions of Magnesium
175. Dietary fibres
176. Cytochrome P Functions of Phospholipids
177. Suicide Inhibition
178. Causes for Abnormal GTT Curves

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179. Biologically important peptides
180. Biological value of proteins
181. Competitive enzyme inhibition
182. Carnitine
183. Fatty liver

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184. Inhibitors of Citric acid Cycle
185. Cholesterol lowering action of FIBRATES
186. One Carbon compound
187. Functions of Copper
188. Biochemical alteration in PEM Protein Energy Malnutrition

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189. Conjugations
190. Stereoisomerism
191. Actions of Insulin
192. Hyperglycemic Hormones
193. Glycolysis in RBC

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194. Shuttle pathways across mitochondrial membranes
195. Ocular changes in vita A deficiency
196. Amphipathic lipids
197. Kwashiorkor
198. Enzymes in diagnosis of Myocardial infarction

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199. Biochemical functions of zinc
200. Hormones that regulate blood calcium level
201. Mechanism of cyanide poisoning
202. Metabolism of glucose–phosphate
203. Lipoprotein lipases

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204. Cori cycle
205. Bile salts –Synthesis & biological role
206. Write briefly about calcium homeostasis
207. Coenzymic role of Pyridoxine
208. Factors regulating blood calcium

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209. Wilson's disease
210. Define isoenzymes and give two examples
211. Specific dynamic action
212. Chemiosmotic theory
213. Von Gierke's disease

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214. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
215. lonophores
216. Oral glucose tolerance test
217. Deficiency manifestations of vita D
218. Biochemical functions of Iron

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219. What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?
220. What is the mechanism of action of statins? What is the therapeutic use of this group of drugs?
221. List dietary sources and biochemical functions of vita C in the body
222. Explain the mechanism of action of cyanide as a poison
223. List good dietary sources of iodine What is the function of this eral in the body?

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224. Enzyme defect and commonest clinical feature in von Gierke's disease?
225. What is meant by glycaemic index of food?
226. List differences between marasmus and kwashiorkor?
227. Role of carnitine in beta-oxidation of fatty acids
228. Covalent modification of enzymes in regulation of enzyme activities

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229. Lactose intolerance
230. What is the importance of the pentose phosphate pathway in the body?
231. Gluconeogenesis, with reference to definition, substrates, sites and importance in the Body
232. Role of vita D in the body
233. Causes of iron deficiency and manifestations of such deficiency

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234. Isoenzymes, with reference to definition, examples and clinical importance
235. Passive Transport Mechanisms
236. Briefly explain the chemiosmotic hypothesis of Mitchell
237. What is meant by dietary fibre? Explain its importance in one's diet
238. Explain the folate trap hypothesis

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239. What is surfactant? Explain its importance in the body in health and disease
240. Explain, with a diagram, the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes
241. What are good dietary sources of iron?
242. Explain how iron is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
243. Explain how the activity of an enzyme is affected by the pH of the medium

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244. What are the functions of calcium in the body?
245. Describe the functions and deficiency manifestations of vita A
246. Explain the mechanism of action of cyanide as a poison
247. List differences between hexokinase and glucokinase
248. Give examples of drugs that act as inhibitors of enzyme and name the enzyme that each one inhibits

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249. Explain the role of, bisphosphoglycerate in supply of oxygen to tissue
250. List differences between foetal and adult forms of haemoglobin
251. Why do patients with cholelithiasis often pass clay-coloured stools?
252. What is meant by the metabolic syndrome? What is the significance of this condition?
253. Write two functions & RDA of pyridoxine

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254. List differences between marasmus and kwashiorkor?
255. Give two examples of substrate level phosphorylation
256. Thyroid function Tests
257. Recombinant DNA Technology
258. Structure of DNA

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259. Post transcriptional modifications
260. Functions of albumin
261. Electrophoresis and its applications
262. Causes for respiratory acidosis
263. Renal mechanism of maintaining Acid Base Balance

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264. Purine Salvage pathway
265. Lac Operon concept
266. Enzyme defect in aPhenylketonuria b Alkaptonuria
267. DNA polymerase enzyme
268. Types of mutations

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269. Reverse Transcriptase
270. Inhibitors of RNA synthesis
271. Features of Genetic Code
272. Gout
273. Name Renal Function Tests

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274. Denaturation of proteins
275. Name enzymes that are increase in hepatic jaundice
276. Transamination reaction and its significance
277. Homocystinuria
278. Bicarbonate buffer system

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279. Hyperkalemia
280. Define electrophoresis and mention its applications
281. Renal tubular function tests
282. Urinary findings in jaundice
283. Methemoglobin

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284. Structure of immunoglobulin
285. Regulation of heme synthesis
286. Operon concept
287. Define PCR and mention its four applications
288. Essential amino acids

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289. Structure of tRNA
290. Restriction endonucleases
291. Post-translational modifications of proteins
292. What is creatine clearance? Write the normal value of it
293. Sources of ammonia in the body and its metabolism

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294. Functions of glycine in the body
295. Heavy metal poisonings
296. Disorders associated with potassium homeostasis
297. Functions of nucleotides
298. List applications of electrophoresis in medicine

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299. List the different types of immunoglobulins
300. Outline the reaction by which deoxynucleotides are formed in a cell from
301. ribonucleotides
302. Explain the anti-neoplastic effect of methotrexate
303. List the biochemical abnormalities seen in phenylketonuria

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304. What are the compensatory changes that occur in response to respiratory acidosis?
305. Outline the mechanism of action of glucagon
306. What is reference range of sodium Write causes of hyponatremia
307. What is the function of cytochrome P in the body?
308. Structure of mRNA

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309. Liver function tests
310. ELISA
311. Isoelectric pH of proteins
312. Wilson's Disease
313. Laboratory diagnosis of Phenylketonuria

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314. Chloride shift
315. DNA repair mechanism
316. Plasma buffers
317. Gene Therapy
318. Functions of Albumin

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319. Oratic Aciduria
320. Laboratory investigations in different types of Jaundice
321. Structure of DNA
322. Paper Chromatography
323. Transmethylation Reactions

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324. Pancreatic function Tests
325. Alkaptonuria
326. Acute Intermittent Porphyria
327. Sickle cell Disease
328. Bile salts

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329. Renal Glomerular function tests
330. Anion Gap
331. Okazaki fragments
332. Laboratory investigations in different types of Jaundice
333. Structure of DNA

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334. Paper Chromatography
335. Transmethylation Reactions
336. Pancreatic function Tests
337. Alkaptonuria
338. Acute Intermittent Porphyria

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339. Sickle cell Disease
340. Bile salts
341. Renal Glomerular function tests
342. Anion Gap
343. Okazaki fragments

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344. Write about post transcriptional processing Mention about post transcriptional inhibitors
345. Describe about the various patterns of diseases in protein electrophoresis
346. Carcinoid syndrome
347. Write about urea cycle disorders
348. Write about acute phase and negative acute phase protein

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349. What are the derivatives of aromatic amino acids? Write about serotonin
350. High anion gap metabolic acidosis
351. Write about alpha I antitrypsin and diseases associated with it
352. Important functions of serine
353. Types of DNA repair mechanism Write in detail about any one repair mechanism

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354. OXPHOS Oxidative phosphorylation diseases
355. Hybridoma technology & its application
356. DNA repair mechanism
357. Glutathione
358. Tests to assess renal tubular function

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359. Polymerase chain reaction
360. Metabolic acidosis
361. Applications of electrophoresis
362. Lesch-Nyhan's syndrome
363. Products formed from glycine

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364. Maple syrup urine disease
365. Inhibitors of transcription
366. Histamine
367. Gamma amino butyric acid
368. Phase II reaction of xenobiotics

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369. Functions of parathormone
370. Nitric oxide
371. Post translational modifications with examples
372. Blotting techniques
373. Classify jaundice based on liver function tests

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374. Structure of collagen
375. Classes of Immunoglobulins
376. Structure of tRNA
377. Lead poisoning
378. Secondary hyperuricemias

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379. Draw normal protein electrophoretic pattern
380. Secondary structure of proteins
381. Classification of aminoacids based on metabolic fate
382. Hartnup's disease
383. Microalbuminuria and its importance

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384. Reactive oxygen species
385. DNA fingerprinting
386. Tests done to assess synthetic functions of liver
387. Properties of genetic code
388. Respiratory acidosis

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389. Importance and applications of recombinant DNA technology
390. Proteinuria
391. Importance of transamination reaction
392. Causes of secondary gout
393. Enzymes as tumour markers

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394. Point mutation
395. Denaturation reactions of proteins
396. Cystinosis
397. Melatonin
398. Normal value of plasma osmolality and urine osmolality

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399. Orotic aciduria
400. Cell cycle
401. Renal function tests
402. Metabolism of catecholamines
403. Metabolic alterations induced by alcohol metabolism

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404. Functions of proteins and enzymes involved in DNA replication
405. Tests done to assess biosynthetic functions of liver
406. Cystinuria
407. Transamination
408. Principle of electrophoresis technique

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409. Four synthetic analogues of purine and pyrimidine bases used as therapeutic agent
410. DNA finger printing
411. Oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin
412. Markers of cholestasis
413. Henderson - Hasselbalch equation

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414. Laboratory diagnosis of multiple myeloma
415. Mechanism of action of allopurinol
416. Mutation
417. Types, properties and functions of different classes of immunoglobulins
418. Congenital jaundice

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419. Genomic library
420. Products formed from tryptophan
421. Name one disease related to point Mutations
422. Name enzymes of Pancreatic injury
423. Uric Acid levels in a Male b Female

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424. Write formula to calculate Anion gap
425. BMI value in a Normal Individual b Obesity
426. Restriction Endo nuclear sticky – Meaning
427. Name the defect Dubin – Johnson syndrome
428. Name the Amino Acids involved in Polyamines

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429. Name Anti Oxidant Vitamins, Anti Oxidant Mineral
430. Role of poly 'A' Tail
431. DNA Repair Mechanisms
432. Balanced Diet and Glycemic Index
433. Proteinuria -Types and Characteristic Protein present in urine in each type Gene Therapy

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434. Name lab test to detect sickle cell disease
435. Name differences of B form and A form DNA
436. Name lab test to detect sickle cell disease
437. Name differences of B form and A form DNA
438. Collagen

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439. ABG and Interpretation of Results
440. Genetic Code
441. Compounds derived from Glycine and their functions
442. Hyperammonemias
443. Copper metabolism and its applied aspects

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444. Telomerase and its application
445. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
446. Inhibitors of Purine nucleotide biosynthesis
447. Metabolic Acidosis
448. Absorption of dietary Iron

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449. Biochemical features of Cancer cells
450. Conjugation reactions in Xenobiotics

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