MBBS First Year Physiology including Bio-Physics Paper-II
Important Question Bank
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Essay Questions:
- Describe the Arterial Blood Pressure. Describe nervous regulation of Arterial Blood Pressure.
- Name the functional divisions of the Cerebellum. Describe the structure, connections and functions of cerebellum. Mentions two signs of cerebellar lesions.
- Describe the physiological roles of the different types of leucocytes circulating in blood. Add a note on functions of lymphocytes in viral infection.
- Name the functional Division of Cerebellum. Describe the Structure, connections and functions of cerebellum. Mention any two signs of cerebellar lesion.
- Draw an oxygen dissociation curve & describe how oxygen is transported in the blood. Depict the Bohr's effect.
- Classify pain. What are the receptors for pain? Describe the dual Pathways for pain. What is Analgesic system in the brain?
- List the ascending tracts in the spinal cord and discuss the tracts of posterior column with diagram.
- Define cardiac output. Discuss the factors affecting cardiac output and any one method of determination. What is the significance of ejection fraction in ventricular functioning?
- Describe the connections and Functions of Hypothalamus.
- Define cardiac cycle. Describe in detail the pressure volume changes that occur during a Cardiac cycle with suitable Diagram.
- Trace the pathway for perception of pain. Discuss the descending pain modulatory pathways. Discuss the terms 'Gating of pain' and ‘Referred pain'.
- Define the term Blood pressure. Discuss the determinants and regulation of blood pressure
- Describe in detail the photochemical mechanism of vision and mechanism of dark adaptation.
- Describe the process of transport of carbondioxide from tissues to lungs.
- What are the neural mechanisms involved in spontaneous breathing? Discuss chemical regulation of respiration. Distinguish between the two types of respiratory failure.
- Define the terms Cardiac output and Total Peripheral resistance and discuss their determinants
- Define cardiac cycle. Describe the sequence of events during cardiac cycle in detail with suitable diagrams
- Define blood pressure. Discuss in brief the various factors which influences the pressure. Add a note on hypertension.
- Define cardiac output. Explain the factors regulating cardiac output. Add a note on ejection fraction.
- Describe in detail the Pyramidal tract. List out the differences between UMN and LMN lesions.
- Explain the chemical regulation of respiration. Add a note on oxygen toxicity.
- Describe the oxygen transport in blood. Add note on fetal haemoglobin.
- What is cardiac cycle? Describe the various events in the cardiac cycle.
- Define blood pressure. Explain in detail short term regulation of blood pressure. Add a note on hypertension.
- Discuss in detail the neural regulation of respiration.
- Discuss in detail the neural regulation of respiration.
- Describe the origin, course, termination and functions of pyramidal tract. Write a note on upper motor lesion.
- Describe the optic pathway from the photoreceptors to the visual cortex. Add a note on visual field defects produced by lesions at various levels of the pathway.
- Describe the structure and function of the conducting system of the Heart. Add a note on Pacemaker Potential.
- Describe the neural regulation of respiration. Add a note on periodic breathing.
- Describe the Arterial Blood Pressure. Describe nervous regulation of Arterial Blood Pressure.
- Name the functional divisions of the Cerebellum. Describe the structure, connections and functions of cerebellum. Mentions two signs of cerebellar lesions.
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Short Answer Questions:
- Normal ECG in Lead II
- Regulation of coronary blood flow
- Compliance of lung
- Carbon dioxide transport
- Dysbarism
- Functions of Thalamus
- REM sleep
- Decerebrate rigidity
- Taste pathway
- Theories of hearing
- State Frank Starling's law of the heart
- List short term regulation of blood pressure
- Intrapleural pressure
- State dead space and its normal value
- Define Histotoxic hypoxia with an example
- What is Bell – Megendie law?
- Four functions of Reticular activating system
- Functions of prefrontal lobe
- What is Endo chochlear potential?
- Delta waves in EEG
- Non respiratory functions of lung
- What is FRC? How will you measure FRC and its clinical Importance?
- Artificial respiration
- Referred pain and its theories
- Special features of coronary circulation
- Colour Vision
- Taste pathway
- Explain Dark adaptation
- What is Myasthenia Gravis? Explain the biological basis of it's treatment
- Brown sequared syndrome
- Draw the diagram of alveocapillary membrane and write the thickness of it
- What is SCUBA?
- Who discovered J receptors? What is its Physiological significance?
- What are otolith organs?
- What is alpha block?
- Define Frank-Starling law
- What is Monroe Kellie Doctrine law?
- What is Stereognosis? Where is its centre?
- What are the functions of frontal lobe?
- What are the mechanoreceptor? Give example
- What is summation? Mention its types
- What are Cholinergic & Adrenergic receptors?
- Draw the structure of rods & Cones
- What is the difference between the Spasticity and Rigidity
- Define histotoxic hypoxia
- Frank-starling's law of the heart
- Cardiac pacemaker potential
- Draw a labelled diagram of a normal ECG in lead II Write a brief note on PR interval
- Non progressive shock
- Travelling waves in the ear
- Ventilation-perfusion ratio
- Caisson disease
- Brown Sequard syndrome
- Functions of Ascending reticular activating system
- Role of purkinje cells of cerebellum
- III Short Answers on :
- Astigmatism
- Ocular doance columns
- Dicrotic notch
- Cardiac reserve
- Reynold's number
- J point
- Extrasystole
- Bell-magendie law
- Cog-wheel rigidity
- Betz cells
- Homunculus
- Anomic aphasia
- Timed vital capacity
- Pneumotaxic centre
- Asphyxia
- Chemical regulation of respiration
- Functions of middle ear
- Hypovolumic shock
- Ventilation-Perfusion ratio
- Parkinson's disease with treatment
- Classification of nerve fibres
- Heart Sounds
- Errors of refraction with correction
- Transport of oxygen in blood
- Waves of EEG
- III Short Answers on:
- Reynold's number
- Summation
- Herring - Breuer inflation reflex
- Taste receptor
- PR interval in ECG
- Chronaxie
- CSF formation
- Phasic changes in coronary circulation
- FEV
- Dopac
- Functional capacity and its significance
- Types of Hypoxia and its cause
- Respiratory membrane
- Neural centres for Regulation of respiration
- Dead space
- Pacemaker potential
- Cardiac Index
- Dark adaptation
- Functions of Basal Ganglia
- Vestibulo cerebellum
- Muscles of inspiration
- End diastolic volume
- Attenuation Reflex
- Perimetry
- Summation
- Referred pain
- Types of memory
- Thalamic syndrome
- Kluver Bucy syndrome
- Ionic basis of the pace-maker potential
- Windkessel effect of aorta
- Illustrate with a diagram, the left ventricular volume and pressure changes
- during a cardiac cycle
- Role of myelin sheath in conduction of nerve impulse
- Functions of hypothalamus
- Clinical features of cerebellar lesions
- Physiological roles of muscle spindle
- Chemical regulation of respiration
- Hamburger's chloride shift
- Role of surfactant in pulmonary function
- List the calcium transporters on the sarcoplasmic reticular membrane
- in the ventricular Muscle
- State Starling's law of the heart
- What is the effect of, diphosphoglycerate on the oxygen-hemoglobin
- dissociation curve? Does it help in loading or unloading of oxygen?
- What are the types of hypoxia?
- Region of the cochlea which vibrates most for the highest sound frequency
- in the audible range
- Visual field defect when the optic chiasma is cut in the centre
- State the refractive error in astigmatism How is it corrected?
- What is 'Blind spot'?
- Receptors for vestibular sensation
- Name of tracts made up by second order neurons in the pathway for a fine touch b pain
- Decompression sickness
- Middle ear functions
- Define cardiac output What are the methods to measure the cardiac output?
- Heart sounds
- Define synapse and describe its properties
- Describe the functions of thalamus
- What are the functions of basal ganglia?
- Describe the physiology of speech
- Decerebrate rigidity
- Functions of prefrontal lobe
- What is P?
- What are the types of hypoxia?
- Mention common refractory errors of the eye
- SA node as pacemaker
- PR interval
- Reflex arc
- Functions of cerebrospinal fluid
- What is righting reflex?
- Name the nuclei responsible for hunger and satiety in human being
- What is referred pain?
- List the types of shock
- Define Preload and state its effect on cardiac function
- Baroreceptor reflex
- What is myocardial infarction? State one ECG change in this condition
- Role of myelin sheath in conduction of nerve impulse
- Conditions where Plantar response is ‘extensor’
- Finding in Weber's test in conduction deafness of the left side
- Muscle actions responsible for a normal expiration b forced expiration
- Oxygen carrying capacity of blood
- Hypoxic vasoconstriction – where does it occur and what are its complications?
- Brown Sequard syndrome
- Oxygen dissociation curve
- Dead space
- Hering Breuer reflex
- Korotkoff sounds
- Draw a diagram of the pathway of crude touch and label it
- Functions of CSF
- Fluent aphasia
- Receptor potential
- Motor homunculus
- Attenuation reflex
- Taste pathway
- Neural regulation of respiration
- Functions and tests of cerebellum
- Heart sounds
- Waves of ECG in Lead II
- Different types of hypoxia
- Aphasia
- Stages of sleep
- Optic pathway
- Functions of ascending reticular activating system
- Components of vestibular apparatus
- Features of Parkinson's disease
- Functions of middle ear
- Auditory pathway with suitable diagram
- Adjustment in respiratory physiology at high altitudes
- Accommodation reflex
- Conducting system of the heart
- Artificial respiration
- Conditioned reflexes
- Surfactant
- Central analgesic system
- VO Max
- Functions of CSF
- Decompression sickness
- Babinski's sign and its clinical significance
- Functions of Hypothalamus
- Baroreceptor reflex
- Dark adaptation
- Periodic breathing
- Pacemaker potential
- Cardiac reserve
- Referred pain theories
- Features of Shock
- Peak expiratory flow rate
- Oxygen debt
- Mass Reflex
- Impedance matching
- Effects of lesions in optic pathway
- Deterants of Blood pressure
- Phasic changes in coronary blood flow
- AV nodal delay
- Properties of reflex
- Splanchnic circulation
- Functions of middle ear
- Nitrogen narcosis
- Effects of positive 'g'
- Papez circuit
- Heart sounds
- Differentiate REM and NREM sleep
- Auto rhythmicity of heart
- Describe the connections and functions of temporal lobe
- Taste receptors
- Functions of utricle and saccule
- Sleep-Wake theory
- Mechanism of accommodation
- P-R interval
- Trichromatic theory of color vision
- Mean arterial pressure
- Reward and punishment centers
- Changes in cardiac output during exercise
- Surfactant
- Golgi tendon reflex
- Oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve
- Putamen circuit of basal ganglia
- Caisson disease
- Hering - Breuer inflation reflex
- Einthoven's law
- Endo cochlear potential
- Describe the normal waves in electro encephalogram EEG
- Presbyopia
- Bainbridge reflex
- Transpulmonary pressure
- Wernicke's and global aphasia
- Compliance
- Hypoxic hypoxia
- Pacemaker potential
- Stages of sleep
- Functions of cerebellum
- Triple response
- Bain bridge reflex
- Residual volume
- Artificial respiration
- Functions of middle ear
- Features of Parkinsonism
- Papez circuit
- Name two facilitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters and their sites of action
- Saltatory conduction
- Sensations carried by posterior column
- Ventricular action potential
- Tract of Gall and Burdach
- Venous return
- Lung volumes and capacities
- Fetal circulation
- Clinical uses of ECG
- Types of deafness
- Blood - brain barrier
- Anaphylactic shock
- Red – green color blindness
- Reflex arc
- Primary taste sensations
- Functions of limbic system
- Physiological dead space
- Triple response
- Non-respiratory functions of lungs
- Mechanism of receptor potential
- Factors regulating cardiac output
- Anatomic dead space
- The law of projection
- Types of hypoxia
- Antegrade amnesia
- Draw a normal electrocardiogram ECG What is Einthoven's triangle?
- Respiratory exchange Ratio
- Attenuation reflex
- Mean arterial pressure
- Reynold's number
- Astigmatism
- Functions of thalamus
- Hypoxic Hypoxia
- Thalamic syndrome
- Surfactant
- Sino aortic reflex
- Myocardial Infarction
- Measurement of dead space
- Haldane effect
- Ventilation perfusion ratio
- Give two examples of high cardiac output state and low cardiac output state
- AV nodal delay
- Synaptic plasticity
- Prefrontal lobotomy
- Accommodation reflex pathway
- Travelling wave theory of hearing
- Taste pathway
- Brown – sequard syndrome
- Histotoxic hypoxia
- Physiology of fetal circulation before and after birth
- Special features of coronary circulation
- Caisson's disease
- Implicit memory
- Stages of sleep cycle
- Denervation hypersensitivity
- Deterants of force of contraction of heart
- Bohr effect
- Jugular venous pulse
- Endogenous opioids
- Mouth to mouth respiration
- Heart block
- Respiratory distress syndrome of new born
- Non respiratory functions of the Lung
- Oxy -Haemoglobin Dissociation Curve
- Heart Sounds
- Functions of Basal Ganglia
- Name Four properties of Synapse
- Receptor Potential
- Reynold's Number
- Artificial Respiration
- Vital capacity
- Errors of Refraction
- Functions of Thalamus
- Papez Circuit
- Functions of Cerebro Spinal Fluid
- Bell Magendie Law
- Referred pain
- Factors affecting cardiac output
- Pacemaker potential
- ECG-Lead -II
- Auditory Pathway
- Functions of cerebellum
- Lung Compliance
- Exchange Vessels
- Functions of parietal lobe
- Waves of EEG
- Referred pain
- Circadian Rhythm
- Aphasia
- Kluver Bucy Syndrome
- Homunculus
- Sensation carried by posterior column
- Chloride Shift
- Changes that occur in acclimatization
- Draw a normal spirogram and write about the volumes and capacities of lung
- Polysomnography
- Functions of Hypothalamus
- Peculiarities of pulmonary circulation
- Hypovolemic Shock
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- Control of Appetite
- Colour vision
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