Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fifth Year Pharma- D Degree Examination – Feb/March 2011
Max. Marks: 70 Marks
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PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND PHARMACOECONOMICS
Q.P. CODE: 2875
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary
ESSAYS (Answer any two) 2 x 10 = 20 Marks
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- Explain and mention the merits and demerits of cohort and case-controlled studies.
- What is cost effectiveness analysis? Explain with a suitable example how the outcome is measure using cost effectiveness analysis.
- Explain the criteria for the causal nature of an association in pharmacoepidemiological study.
SHORT ESSAYS (Answer any six) 6 x 5 = 30 Marks
- Explain the steps involved in typical DUE cycle.
- Give the strengths and weakness of a metaanalysis
- List out the applications of a pharmacoeconomic study
- How is confidence interval measured for an odds ratio? How is confidence interval depicted and graphically interpreted.
- Describe the steps involved in formulating a study design in pharmacoepidemiology.
- Explain the factors to be determined in a cost of illness study.
- Explain the method, advantages and disadvantages of a cross-sectional study.
- What are the requirements of an ideal database? Write the strengths and weakness of automated database.
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SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks
- Name four computerized databases used for pharmacoepidemiological research.
- What is a case report? What are its limitations.
- What is opportunity cost.
- What is ICER. How is it calculated.
- What is willingness to pay.
- What is outcome research.
- List out the purpose of meta-analysis.
- Give examples of intangible costs involved in pharmacoeconomic study.
- What are defined daily dose and prescribed daily dose?
- Explain selection bias.
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