Firstranker's choice
Important topics/questions in Community Medicine
Man and medicine
- Indian Medicine
- Sanitary awakening
- Social medicine
- Deprofessionalization of medicine
- John Snow role in public health
- Louis Pasteur
- Edward Jenner
- Germ theory of disease
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Concept of health and disease
- Health definition
- Physical Quality of Life Index
- Human Development Index
- Determinants of Health
- Self-care
- Indicators in health
- Disability Adjusted Life Years
- Health team concept
- Epidemiological triad
- Advanced triangle of epidemiology
- Natural History of disease
- Risk factors
- Iceberg phenomenon
- Surveillance
- Levels of prevention and modes of intervent
- Web of causation
- Multifactorial causation
- Dimensions of health
- International Classification of Diseases
- Community Diagnosis
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Epidemiology
- Definition of epidemiology
- Epidemiological approach
- Rate, ratio, proportion
- International death certificate
- Mortality rates
- Standardization: direct, indirect
- Incidence, prevalence
- Classification of epidemiological studies
- Descriptive epidemiology steps
- Epidemics
- Migration studies
- Cross sectional study
- Case control study steps
- Odds ratio
- Bias: types
- Confounders
- Advantages and disadvantages of case control study
- Cohort study framework and steps
- Matching
- Relative risk, attributable risk, population attributable risk
- Advantages, disadvantages of cohort studies
- Differences between case control and cohort studies
- Randomized Controlled Trial steps
- Randomization
- Blinding
- Non-randomized trials
- Types of association
- Bradford Hill/ Additional criteria for judging causalty
- Uses of epidemiology
- Infection definition
- Epidemic, sporadic, endemic, pandemic definition
- Opportunistic infection, physician induced disease
- Dead end infection
- Meaning of source, reservoir
- Subclinical cases, latent infection
- Carriers and types
- Modes of transmission
- Vector
- Droplet infection
- Incubation period
- Latent period
- Serial Interval
- Generation time
- Communicable period
- Secondary attack rate
- Herd immunity
- Live, killed vaccines
- National Immunization Schedule
- Cold chain
- Vaccine Vial Monitor
- Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI)
- Investigation of AEFI
- Steps for disease prevention and control
- Isolation
- Quarantine
- Emporiatrics/health advice to travellers
- Disinfection meaning, sterilization
- Types of disinfection
- Disinfection of urine, sputum
- Steps in investigation of an epidemic
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Screening
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- Define screening
- Difference between screening and diagnostic test
- Lead time
- Uses of screening
- Criteria for screening test
- Validity of screening test (sensitivity, specificity, predictive value)
- High-risk screening
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Communicable diseases
Epidemiology, prevention and control very important. Focus more on that
- Measles: epidemiology, prevention, control
- Measles vaccine
- Clinical features, complications of measles
- Epidemiology, clinical features, prevention and control of chicken pox
- Epidemiology of mumps
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome
- Antigenic shift and antigenic drift in influenza
- HINI
- Influenza: prevention and control, vaccine
- DPT
- Diphtheria: prevention and control
- Schick Test
- Meningocoocal meningitis prevention and control
- ARI : control, classification
- SARS epidemiology, prevention and control
- Epidemiological indices in TB
- Collection of sputum samples in TB
- DOTS
- Definitions: new case, relapse, failure, defaulter, cured, treatment completed
- BCG
- MDR-TB: definition, treatment
- TB and HIV
- Strategies for polio eradication in India
- Pulse Polio Immunization
- National Immunization Days for polio vaccination
- Oral Polio Vaccine vs Inactivated Polio Vaccine
- AFP surveillance
- Hepatitis B laboratory diagnosis-humoral and cellular responses
- Hepatitis B vaccine
- Prevention and control: hepatitis A, hepatitis B
- Control of diarrhea
- ORS
- Super ORS (Viva question)
- Treatment plans for dehydration (Plan A, B, C: New Park Page 605/OP Ghai Paediatrics)
- Laboratory diagnosis and control of cholera
- Control of typhoid
- Types of food poisoning
- Steps to investigate food poisoning
- Prevention and control of amoebiasis, hookworm
- Epidemiological features of dengue
- Dengue shock syndrome
- Clinical management and control of dengue
- Prevalent epidemiological types of malaria in India
- Life cycle of malaria parasite
- Vectors of malaria
- Malarial indices/measurement of malaria
- Complications of malaria
- Revised Drug Policy for malaria, 2013
- Integrated Vector Control measures
- Filarial survey
- Control of filariasis
- Filarial survey
- Mass drug administration in filariasis
- Prophylaxis for rabies prevention
- Rabies vaccine: Cell Culture Vaccine
- Guidelines for management of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome
- Kyasanur Forest Disease
- Chikungunya: control measures
- Names of ricketssial diseases
- Yellow fever vaccine
- Epidemiology and control of leptospirosis
- Types and clinical features of plague
- Blocked flea
- Flea indices
- Prevention and control of plague
- Epidemiology and prevention of tetanus
- DPT vaccine
- Bacterial index and morphological index in leprosy
- Lepromin test
- SET centre
- Leprosy control measures
- Chemotherapy in leprosy
- Lepra reactions: features and treatment
- Rehabilitation in leprosy
- Syndromic approach to STDs
- Epidemiological features of AIDS
- WHO case definition for AIDS
- Lab diagnosis of HIV/AIDS
- Control of AIDS
- WHO recommended Anti-retroviral therapy schedule, 2013
- Post-exposure prophylaxis in HIV
- Universal safety precautions
- Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission in HIV
- Sentinel Surveillance in HIV
- Short note on emerging diseases with examples
- Re-emerging diseases with examples
- Antimicrobial resistance: examples and control
- Hospital acquired infections: types, sources, mode of spread, prevention
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Non-Communicable Diseases
- Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of Cardiovascular disease
- Prevention of Cardiovascular disease
- Framingham heart study
- Rule of halves in hypertension
- Risk factors for hypertension
- Prevention of hypertension
- DASH diet
- Stroke risk factors
- Stroke in young
- Rheumatic Heart disease: epidemiology and prevention
- Cancer registration
- Warning signs of cancer
- Screening for cancer cervix, breast cancer
- Risk factors for oral cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and prevention
- Syndrome X/ Insulin Resistance Syndrome/metabolic syndrome
- Risk factors for diabetes
- Screening for diabetes
- Self-care in diabetes
- Preventive measures for diabetes
- Epidemiology of obesity
- Body Mass Index/assessment of obesity
- Prevention and control of obesity
- Prevention of blindness
- Epidemiology of Road Traffic Accidents/risk factors
- Prevention of Road Traffic Accidents
- Domestic accidents: causes
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Health Programmes
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- NVBDCP: strategies for malaria
- Urban malaria scheme
- Fever treatment depots, drug distribution centres
- National Leprosy Eradication Programme: initiatives
- Disability Prevention and Medical Rehabilitation in leprosy
- RNTCP: objectives, components, organization, laboratory network newer initiatives
- DOTS plus for MDR-TB
- National AIDS Control Programme major strategies
- Integrated Counseling and Testing Centres (ICTC)
- Care, support and treatment in HIV
- Vision 2020: Right to Sight
- Salient features of National Programme for Control of Blindness
- National Immunization Schedule
- Pentavalent Vaccine
- Mission Indhradhanush
- National Urban Health Mission: salient features
- Roles and responsibilities of ASHA
- First Referral Unit
- Janani Suraksha Yojna
- Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram
- Navjat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram
- Integrated Management of Childhood and Neonatal Illness
- Important strategies of RMNCH+A
- Adolescent Health Programme
- Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram
- Interventions under Indian Newborn Action Plan
- NPCDCS: activities at various levels
- National Mental Health Programme: objectives, services
- Integrated Disease Surveillance Project: meaning, components, classification of surveillance and syndromes under surveillance
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Demography and Family Planning
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- Demography cycle stages
- Age pyramid
- Sex ratio
- Dependency ratio
- Factors influencing fertility
- Fertility related statistics/indicators
- Net Reproduction Rate
- Definition of family planning
- Effects/health aspects of family planning
- Eligible couple
- Target couple
- Couple Protection Rate
- Classification of contraceptive methods
- Condom: advantages, disadvantages
- IUD: types, mechanism of action, advantages, adverse effects, ideal IUD candidate, timing of insertion, contraindications
- Oral pills: mechanism of action, effectiveness, adverse effects, contraindications
- Post-coital contraception/emergency contraception
- Post-conceptional methods
- Medical Termination of Pregnancy
- Safe period/rhythm method/calendar method
- Natural family planning methods
- Guidelines for sterilization
- Post-operative advice after vasectomy
- No-scalpel vasectomy
- Minilaparotomy
- Pearl index
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Preventive medicine in obstetrics, paediatrics and geriatrics
- Social paediatrics
- Social obstetrics
- Risk approach (both for mothers and infants)
- Mother craft clinic
- Rooming in
- Kangaroo Mother care
- Immediate newborn care
- Neonatal screening
- Low birth weight: causes, types, importance, prevention
- Advantages of breast feeding
- Exclusive breast feeding
- Breast feeding on demand
- Weaning
- Colostrum
- Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative
- Uses of growth chart
- Health problems of pre-school child, child health problems, health problems of school-going child
- Maternal Mortality Ratio: definition
- Incidence, causes of maternal mortality, preventive and social measures
- Perinatal Mortality Rate: definition, significance, causes, intervention
- Neonatal Mortality Rate: definition, causes, preventive measures
- Infant Mortality Rate: definition, causes, preventive measures
- Under-five mortality rate: definition, causes, prevention
- Congenital Malformation: definition, causes, prevention
- School Health Service: objectives and aspects
- Handicapped children: definition, causes, prevention
- Juvenile Delinquency: definition, causes, preventive measures
- Problems of street children
- Child Guidance Clinic
- ICDS: population norms, objectives, beneficiaries, services delivered
- Health problems of adolescents
- Health programmes for adolescents
- Geriatrics definition
- Health problems of the aged
- Health status of aged in India
- Helpage India
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Nutrition and Health
- Dietary fibre
- Vitamin A deficiency manifestations, management and prevention
- Net Protein Utilization
- Reference Protein
- Milling of rice: procedure and effects
- Reference Indian man and woman
- Dietary antioxidants
- Glycaemic Index
- Balanced Diet
- Prudent diet goals
- Nutritional Problems in Public Health: long question
- Protein energy malnutrition: causes, features, detection, classifications, preventive measures
- Nutritional anaemia: causes, cut-off,problem statement, effects, intervention
- Iodine Deficiency Disorder: Magnitude, manifestations and control
- Fluorosis: problem statement, effects, intervention
- Lathyrism: kesari dhal, toxin, clinical features, intervention
- Nutritional factors in cardiovascular diseases
- Diet in cancer: role
- Methods to assess nutritional status
- Food hygiene
- Nutritional surveillance
- Milkborne diseases
- Methods of pasteurization of milk
- Food borne toxicants: aflatoxins, ergot, epidemic dropsy, endemic ascites
- Food additives
- Food fortification and enrichment
- Food standards
- Adulteration: definition, Prevention of Food Adulteration Act
- Enlist the community nutrition programmes
- Mid-day meal programme
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Medicine and Social Sciences
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- Meaning of society
- Social problems
- Social pathology
- Acculturation
- Meaning of customs, culture
- Social control mechanisms
- Family: definition, cycle, types, functions
- Role of family in health and disease
- Broken family, problem family
- Cultural factors in health and disease
- Socio-economic status classification
- Definition of Below Poverty Line
- Doctor-patient relationship
- Role of Medical Social Worker
- Consumer Protection Act
- Technique of conducting an interview
- Operations research
- Global Hunger Index
- Hidden hunger: meaning, consequence
- Strategies to reduce poverty-reproductive health
- Problems of urban slum dwellers
- Social security: meaning, types
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Environment and Health
- Definition of safe water and criteria
- Points to be considered while constructing a sanitary well
- Water-related disease: classification
- Slow-sand and rapid-sand filters
- Difference between slow and rapid-sand filters
- Principle of chlorination
- Breakpoint Chlorination
- Methods of chlorination
- Superchlorination
- Stabilized bleech
- Orthotoluidine Test, Orthotoluidine Arsenite Test
- Methods to purify water in a small scale
- Steps in disinfection of a well
- Enlist the guidelines for drinking water quality
- Surveillance of drinking water
- Presumptive Coliform Test
- Hardness of water: causes, classification, disadvantages, treatment
- Defluoridation of water-Nalgonda Technique
- Swimming Pool Sanitation
- Horrock's Apparatus
- Method to collect water samples for bacteriological examination
- Methods to conserve water
- Indices of Thermal Comfort, Comfort zones
- Enlist the air pollutants
- Indoor air pollution
- Effects, prevention and control of air pollution
- Noise: meaning, effects, control
- Biological effects of radiation, protection measures
- Heat stress index, effects of heat stress
- Use of globe thermometer, kata thermometer
- Global warming effects
- Ozone depletion
- Green-house effect
- Housing standards
- Overcrowding: meaning, criteria, effects
- Methods to dispose solid wastes
- Composting method
- Sanitation barrier
- Water seal latrine
- RCA Latrine
- Septic Tank
- Aqua Privy
- Sewage: meaning, health effects
- Modern sewage treatment plant: stages
- Activated sludge process
- Oxidation pond
- Social aspects in excreta disposal
- Vectors: meaning, classification
- Arthropod-borne disease: meaning, examples
- Aedes aegypti index
- Integrated vector control method
- Sand flies
- Rat flea
- Cyclop
- Itch Mite
- Classification of insecticides, resistance and toxicity
- Rodenticide classification and commonly used
- Zoonoses: meaning, classification and control
- Bio-medical waste management guidelines (categories) and treatment options
- Incineration: use, types
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Disaster Management
- Disaster cycle
- Definition of disaster
- Triage in disaster management
- Surveillance and disease control post-disaster
- Disaster mitigation
- Disaster preparedness
- Personal protection measures in case of floods
- Man-made disasters
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Occupational Health
- Ergonomics
- Classification of occupational diseases
- Pneumoconiosis
- Occupational cancers
- Lead poisoning
- Occupational hazards of agricultural workers
- Occupational dermatitis
- Accidents in industry
- Sickness absenteeism
- Health problems due to industrialization
- Prevention of occupational disease: medical, engineering and legislation measures
- Factories Act 1948 description
- ESI Act 1948: scope, administration, finance and benefits
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Genetics and Health
- Downs syndrome
- Turners syndrome
- Klinefelters syndrome
- Sickle Cell anaemia features
- Multifactorial disorders
- Advances in DNA technology
- Gene therapy
- Hardy-Weinberg Law/population genetics
- Eugenics, euthenics
- Preventive and social measures for genetic disorders
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Mental Health
- Warning signs of poor mental health
- Drug dependence
- Drug addiction : symptoms and prevention
- Effects of alcoholism and control measures
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Health information and basic medical statistics
- Mention sources of health information
- Census: definition, types, uses
- Sources of vital statistics
- Sample registration system
- Survey methods in health : types and uses
- Presentation of data: types of charts and diagrams
- Measures of central tendency: mean, median mode
- Measures of dispersion: range, mean deviation, standard deviation
- Normal Distribution Curve
- Null Hypothesis
- Type 1 and Type 2 error
- Sampling methods
- Simple random sampling
- Tests of significance
- Chi-square test
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Health education and communication
- Qualities of a good message
- Didactic and Socratic methods of communication
- Barriers of communication
- Definition of health education: Alma Ata declaration
- Differences between health education and propoganda
- Approach to health education
- Models in health education
- Principles of health education
- Various methods in health education
- Group discussion: advantages and disadvantages
- Panel discussion
- Symposium
- Role play
- Group discussion: advantages, disadvanatges
- Mass approach in health education
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Health Planning and Management
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- Definition of health planning
- Meaning of objectives, targets, goals
- Planning cycle steps
- Cost benefit analysis
- Cost effective analysis
- Network analysis: PERT, CPM
- National Health Policy 2002
- Bhore Committee recommendations
- Shrivasthav Committee
- Niti Aayog
- Twelfth five year plan
- Directorate general of health services
- Health system in India: at central, state and district levels
- Panchayati Raj Institutions
- Steps in evaluation of health services
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Health care of the community
- Primary health care definition
- Elements and principles of primary health care
- Appropriate technology with examples
- Community participation with examples
- Health for All definition
- Health related Millennium Development Goals
- Enlist common health problems in India
- Health manpower in India
- Anganawadi worker
- IPHS standards for sub-centres
- IPHS standards for primary health centres
- Functions of Female health worker
- Functions of male health worker
- Functions of female health assistant
- Functions of Medical officer PHC
- Voluntary Health Agencies: definition, functions and voluntary health agencies in India (names and one function)
- TB Association of India
- Indian Red Cross Society
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International Health
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- WHO: objectives, work, structure
- UNICEF: services
- GOBI expansion
- International Labour Organization
- Food Agricultural Organization
- Rockfeller Foundation
- Ford Foundation
- CARE
- World health day
- International health regulations
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