Download MBBS Urinary System Lecture PPT

URINARY SYSTEM

GROSS STRUCTURE OF KIDNEY

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? Hemisection of kidney shows--
? Cortex--outer
? Medulla--inner
Pyramids -- the triangular-shaped divisions (8-12) of

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the medulla

Papilla -- narrow, innermost tip of the pyramid;
? Calyx--minor (8-12) and major (2-3) calyces.
? Pelvis --Renal pelvis is an extension of the upper

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end of the ureter.

? Renal columns--Cortex at the margin of each

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pyramid extends inward.

? Medullary rays--Collection of straight tubules

and collecting ducts extending in cortex.

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? Lobes of kidney--Renal pyramid with its

overlying cortex and renal columns.

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? Kidney lobule--Centrally placed medullary ray

with its laterally placed cortical area.

? Kidney lobules = medullary rays = 20,000

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? Cortex of kidney consists of 2-3 million tubular

structure called nephrons.

? NEPHRONS--

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? Functional unit of kidney
? Cortical nephron--located in the cortex
? Juxtamedullary nephron--located in the

corticomedullary junction

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? Parts--
? Renal corpuscles
? Proximal convoluted tubules
? Loop of Henle

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? Distal convoluted tubules

? RENAL CORPUSCLE (Malpighian Corpuscle)
? Glomeruli surrounded by Bowman's capsules
? Bowman's capsule -- the cup-shaped top of a

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nephron. It is the sack-like that surrounds the

glomerulus.

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? Glomerulus -- a network of blood capillaries

(afferent & efferent arteriole) tucked into

Bowman's capsule.

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? Renal corpusles has two poles-- vascular pole

and urinary pole

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? Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
? Present near the vascular pole of renal

corpuscle.

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? There are three cellular components of the

apparatus which are the--

1. Macula densa

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2. Extra mesangial cells
3. Juxtaglomerular cells
? Macula densa Specialized cells in the

beginning of DCT that lie adjacent to afferent

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and efferent arterioles.

? Extra mesangial cells Present in the space

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between distal tubule, afferent and efferent

arterioles.

? Juxtaglomerular cells modification of

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smooth muscle cells in the wall of afferent

arteriole which lie close to macula densa.

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? Glomerular

filtration

barrier--

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? Endothelial

cells

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? Fused basal

lamina

? Filtration slit

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? Bowman's capsule

-Cells of the outer or parietal layer--simple squamous

epithelium.

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-Cells of the inner layer or visceral layer--podocytes
? Proximal convoluted tubule-- Simple cuboidal

epithelium with brush border

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? Loop of henle--

-Descending limb (thick & thin)

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-Ascending limb (thin & thick)
? Thin segment lined by simple squamous epithelium
? Distal convoluted tubule-- simple cuboidal (no brush

border)

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? Collecting tubules and ducts-- simple cuboidal

epithelium

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URETER

? Tube like structure with star shaped lumen.

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? Conduct urine from renal pelvis to urinary

bladder.

? Layers of ureter--

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? Mucosa
? Muscular layer
? Adventitia

? Mucosa--

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-Lining epithelium-- transitional epithelium
-Lamina propria--loose connective tissue
? Muscular layer--
-Inner longitudinal smooth muscle
-Outer circular smooth muscle

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-Third outer layer of longitudinal (middle &

lower part)

? Adventitia--loose connective tissue contains

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blood vessels and nerves
URINARY BLADDER

? Layers in the wall of urinary bladder--

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? Mucosa--transitional epithelium
? Muscular layer--thick , smooth muscles fibres

(transverse, longitudinal and oblique )

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? Serosa/adventitia

SELF-ASSESSMENT

(DIGESTIVE SYSTEM)

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1. All are true about esophagus EXCEPT
a. Lined by stratified squamous epithelium
b. Mucosa is thick
c. Middle third contains both skeletal and smooth muscles
d. Lower third contains only skeletal muscle

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2. Chief Cells are found in
a. Fundus
b. Pit
c. Neck
d. Body

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3. Gallbladder epithelium is
a. Simple squamous
b. Simple cuboidal with stereocilia
c. Simple columnar
d. Simple columnar with brush border

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4. Which of the following does not form portal

triad in liver?

a. Hepatic artery

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b. Hepatic vein
c. Portal vein
d. Bile duct
5. Space of Disse is in
a. Spleen

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b. Liver
c. Lymph node
d. Bone
6. Centroacinar cells are present in
a. Pancreas

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b. Parotid gland
c. Prostate
d. None
7. Which of the following structures is not lined

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by stratified squamous epithelium?

(a) Oral cavity
(b) Oesophagus
(c) Stomach

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(d) Anal canal
8. Meissner's plexus is present in which layer of GIT?
(a) lamina propria
(b) submucosa
(c) muscularis externa

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(d) serosa
9. Which of the following is TRUE regarding portal

lobule of the liver?

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(a) It is hexagonal in shape
(b) Central vein present in the centre
(c) Bile flow towards the centre of lobule
(d) all of the above
10.Peyer's patches are present in which of the

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following?

(a) Stomach
(b) duodenum

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(c) Jejunum
(d) Ileum
1.(d) Lower third contains only skeletal muscle
2.(a) Fundus
3.(d) Simple columnar with brush border

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4.(b) Hepatic vein
5.(b) Liver
6.(a) Pancreas
7.(c) Stomach
8.(b) Submucosa

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9.(c) Bile flow towards the centre of lobule
10.(d) Ileum