Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) Latest Urinary System Lecture PPT
URINARY SYSTEM
GROSS STRUCTURE OF KIDNEY
? Hemisection of kidney shows--
? Cortex--outer
? Medulla--inner
Pyramids -- the triangular-shaped divisions (8-12) of
the medulla
Papilla -- narrow, innermost tip of the pyramid;
? Calyx--minor (8-12) and major (2-3) calyces.
? Pelvis --Renal pelvis is an extension of the upper
end of the ureter.
? Renal columns--Cortex at the margin of each
pyramid extends inward.
? Medullary rays--Collection of straight tubules
and collecting ducts extending in cortex.
? Lobes of kidney--Renal pyramid with its
overlying cortex and renal columns.
? Kidney lobule--Centrally placed medullary ray
with its laterally placed cortical area.
? Kidney lobules = medullary rays = 20,000
? Cortex of kidney consists of 2-3 million tubular
structure called nephrons.
? NEPHRONS--
? Functional unit of kidney
? Cortical nephron--located in the cortex
? Juxtamedullary nephron--located in the
corticomedullary junction
? Parts--
? Renal corpuscles
? Proximal convoluted tubules
? Loop of Henle
? Distal convoluted tubules
? RENAL CORPUSCLE (Malpighian Corpuscle)
? Glomeruli surrounded by Bowman's capsules
? Bowman's capsule -- the cup-shaped top of a
nephron. It is the sack-like that surrounds the
glomerulus.
? Glomerulus -- a network of blood capillaries
(afferent & efferent arteriole) tucked into
Bowman's capsule.
? Renal corpusles has two poles-- vascular pole
and urinary pole
? Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
? Present near the vascular pole of renal
corpuscle.
? There are three cellular components of the
apparatus which are the--
1. Macula densa
2. Extra mesangial cells
3. Juxtaglomerular cells
? Macula densa Specialized cells in the
beginning of DCT that lie adjacent to afferent
and efferent arterioles.
? Extra mesangial cells Present in the space
between distal tubule, afferent and efferent
arterioles.
? Juxtaglomerular cells modification of
smooth muscle cells in the wall of afferent
arteriole which lie close to macula densa.
? Glomerular
filtration
barrier--
? Endothelial
cells
? Fused basal
lamina
? Filtration slit
? Bowman's capsule
-Cells of the outer or parietal layer--simple squamous
epithelium.
-Cells of the inner layer or visceral layer--podocytes
? Proximal convoluted tubule-- Simple cuboidal
epithelium with brush border
? Loop of henle--
-Descending limb (thick & thin)
-Ascending limb (thin & thick)
? Thin segment lined by simple squamous epithelium
? Distal convoluted tubule-- simple cuboidal (no brush
border)
? Collecting tubules and ducts-- simple cuboidal
epithelium
URETER
? Tube like structure with star shaped lumen.
? Conduct urine from renal pelvis to urinary
bladder.
? Layers of ureter--
? Mucosa
? Muscular layer
? Adventitia
? Mucosa--
-Lining epithelium-- transitional epithelium
-Lamina propria--loose connective tissue
? Muscular layer--
-Inner longitudinal smooth muscle
-Outer circular smooth muscle
-Third outer layer of longitudinal (middle &
lower part)
? Adventitia--loose connective tissue contains
blood vessels and nerves
URINARY BLADDER
? Layers in the wall of urinary bladder--
? Mucosa--transitional epithelium
? Muscular layer--thick , smooth muscles fibres
(transverse, longitudinal and oblique )
? Serosa/adventitia
SELF-ASSESSMENT
(DIGESTIVE SYSTEM)
1. All are true about esophagus EXCEPT
a. Lined by stratified squamous epithelium
b. Mucosa is thick
c. Middle third contains both skeletal and smooth muscles
d. Lower third contains only skeletal muscle
2. Chief Cells are found in
a. Fundus
b. Pit
c. Neck
d. Body
3. Gallbladder epithelium is
a. Simple squamous
b. Simple cuboidal with stereocilia
c. Simple columnar
d. Simple columnar with brush border
4. Which of the following does not form portal
triad in liver?
a. Hepatic artery
b. Hepatic vein
c. Portal vein
d. Bile duct
5. Space of Disse is in
a. Spleen
b. Liver
c. Lymph node
d. Bone
6. Centroacinar cells are present in
a. Pancreas
b. Parotid gland
c. Prostate
d. None
7. Which of the following structures is not lined
by stratified squamous epithelium?
(a) Oral cavity
(b) Oesophagus
(c) Stomach
(d) Anal canal
8. Meissner's plexus is present in which layer of GIT?
(a) lamina propria
(b) submucosa
(c) muscularis externa
(d) serosa
9. Which of the following is TRUE regarding portal
lobule of the liver?
(a) It is hexagonal in shape
(b) Central vein present in the centre
(c) Bile flow towards the centre of lobule
(d) all of the above
10.Peyer's patches are present in which of the
following?
(a) Stomach
(b) duodenum
(c) Jejunum
(d) Ileum
1.(d) Lower third contains only skeletal muscle
2.(a) Fundus
3.(d) Simple columnar with brush border
4.(b) Hepatic vein
5.(b) Liver
6.(a) Pancreas
7.(c) Stomach
8.(b) Submucosa
9.(c) Bile flow towards the centre of lobule
10.(d) Ileum
This post was last modified on 30 November 2021