FirstRanker Logo

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice is a hub of Question Papers & Study Materials for B-Tech, B.E, M-Tech, MCA, M.Sc, MBBS, BDS, MBA, B.Sc, Degree, B.Sc Nursing, B-Pharmacy, D-Pharmacy, MD, Medical, Dental, Engineering students. All services of FirstRanker.com are FREE

📱

Get the MBBS Question Bank Android App

Access previous years' papers, solved question papers, notes, and more on the go!

Install From Play Store

Download MBBS Endocrine System Lecture PPT

Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) Latest Endocrine System Lecture PPT

This post was last modified on 30 November 2021

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---


? Endocrine tissue is made

up of cells that produce

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

secretions which are

poured directly into blood.

? Endocrine cells lie in close

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---


apposition

to

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

blood

capillaries or sinusoids.

? Secretions of endocrine

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---


cells are called hormones.

? Hormones travel through

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

blood to target cells and

influence their function.
Endocrine Glands (Ductless gland)

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

? Pituitary (hypophysis)

? Anterior pituitary
? Posterior pituitary

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

? Adrenal gland (suprarenal)

? Adrenal cortex
? Adrenal medulla

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

? Thyroid gland

? Follicles
? Parafollicular cells

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

? Parathyroid gland


Pituitary Gland ( Hypophysis Cerebri)

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---



a


--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Pituitary Gland (hypophysis)

? "Master endocrine gland".
? Parts-->
? Adenohypophysis (Ant. Pituitary):

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

? Pars distalis,
? Pars intermedia
? Pars tuberalis.
? Neurohypophysis (Post. Pituitary):
? Pars nervosa,

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

? Infundibular stalk
? Median eminence.
Adenohypophysis (Anterior pituitary)

Pars Distalis:

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---


? Consists of 2 major group of cells:
? Chromophils ( secretory granules)

Acidophils (alpha cells) & Basophils ( beta cells)

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

? Chromophobes ( few or no granules )

Pars Intermedia:

? Consists mainly of basophils.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

? Some cells produce melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH).

Pars Tuberalis:

? Consists of chromophilic (mostly basophilic) & chromophobic cells

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

? Harmone secreted by chromophils
? Acidophils--Growth hormone & Prolactin
? Basophils-- TSH

FSH, LH

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---


ACTH



--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Neurohypophysis (Posterior pituitary)

Consists of:
? Numerous non-myelinated nerve

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

fibres

? Supporting cells (pituicytes)
Produce 2 hormones:
? Oxytocin [paraventricular nucleus]

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

? Vasopressin (ADH)[supraoptic nuc.]
Herring bodies:
Collection of secretory granules at

the terminal portion of axonal

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---


processing.


Pituitary gland

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---




THYROID GLAND

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---


Microscopic structure

? The gland is surrounded by a thin

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

fibrous capsule.

? Septa from the capsule extend into

the gland & divide it into lobules.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---


? Lobules are made up of spherical

masses called follicles.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Follicle has a cavity filled with

homogenous material called

colloid.

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---


? Follicular cells-- cuboidal
? Secrete 2 hormones:
? Tri-iodothyronine (T3)
? Tetra-iodothyronine (T4) or

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---


thyroxine.


Parafollicular cells (C-

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---


cells):

? Embedded within a

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

follicle or lie between

follicles.

? Singly or in groups.

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

? Cells are polyhedral with

oval eccentric nucleus

and cytoplasm contains

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---


secretory granules.

? Light staining cells.
? Secrete hormone

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---


calcitonin.


Parathyroid Gland

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---


? Small ovoid bodies (4 in no.)

embedded in the connective

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

tissue capsule on the posterior

surface of thyroid gland.

? Consists of 2 types of cells:

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

? Chief cells (principal cells):

more numerous, polygonal,

round

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---


centrally

located

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

nucleus.

? Secrete parathyroid hormone

(PTH).

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---


? Oxyphil cells: larger in shape,

inactive phase of chief cells.

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---


Parathyroid Gland



--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Adrenal Gland

(Suprarenal Gland)


--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Microscopic structure

? The gland is

capsule

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---


covered

by

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

connective tissue

capsule.

cortex

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---


? Capsule sends

septa inside the

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

gland.

? 2 parts

medulla

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---


? Cortex
? Medulla


--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Microscopic structure

Zona glomerulosa

Mineralocorticoid

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---


(aldosterone)

Cortex

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Glucocorticoids

Zona fasciculata

(cortisol)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---


Androgen

(dehydroepiandrosterone)

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Zona reticularis

& Estrogen

Catecholamines

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---


Medulla

(epinephrine &

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

norepinephrine)


Adrenal Cortex

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

3 layers:
? Zona Glomerulosa: cells are

arranged as rounded clusters Cells

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

are columnar with dark staining

nuclei.

? Zona Fasciculata: thick zone,

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---


large pale staining polyhedral cells

arranged into parallel columns.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Zona Reticularis: small rounded

deep staining cells arranged in

branching & anastomosing cords.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---



Adrenal Medulla

? Consists of chromaffin cells

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

? Cells are large, epitheloid &

Capsule

arranged in groups.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---


? Cells are closely related to

sinusoidal capillaries.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Cortex

? Cytoplasm is light basophilic.
? Chromaffin reaction--
? Tissue

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---


fixation

with

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

potassium

dichromate

shows fine brown granules

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---


Medulla

in the cells of medulla

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

SELF-ASSESSMENT

(URINARY SYSTEM)
1. Transitional epithelium is present in:
a. Renal pelvis

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

b. Loop of Henle
c. Terminal part of urethra
d. PCT
2. Urothelium does not line:
a. Collecting ducts

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

b. Minor calyx
c. Ureter
d. Urinary bladder
3. Which cell type comprises the visceral layer of

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Bowman capsule?

a. Endothelial cells
b. Juxtaglomerular cells
c. Mesangial cells

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

d. Podocytes
4. Which type of epithelium lines the thick

ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a. Pseudostratified columnar
b. Simple columnar
c. Simple cuboidal
d. Simple squamous
5.Which cell is a modified smooth muscle cell in

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---


the wall of afferent arteriole ?

a. Macula densa cells
b. Mesangial cells

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

c. Podocytes
d. Juxtaglomerular cells
6. Cortex of the kidney contains the following

structures except

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---


(a) Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
(b) Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
(c) Renal corpuscle
(d) Thin segment of loop of Henle

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

7. Macula densa is present in
(a) PCT
(b) DCT
(c) afferent arteriole
(d) efferent arteriole

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

8.Components of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus

are all EXCEPT

(a)Macula densa

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

(b)Extra mesangial cells
(c)Epithelium of PCT
(d) Juxtaglomerular cells
1.(a). Renal pelvis
2.(a). Collecting ducts

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

3.(d). Podocytes
4.(c). Simple cuboidal
5.(d). Juxtaglomerular cells
6.(d). Thin segment of loop of Henle
7.(b). DCT

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

8.(c). Epithelium of PCT